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Linguistics and TESOL

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Uniqueness of LanguageOrigins

Uniqueness of Language

“Speech is so essential to our concept of intelligence that its possession is virtually equated with being human. Animals who talk are human because what sets us apart from other animals is the gift of speech”

(Liberman. Eve Spoke: Human Language and Human Evolution.)

“Human language is one of the most distinctive behavioral adaptations on the planet. Languages evolved in only one species, in only one way, without precedent, except in the most general sense. And the differences between languages and all other natural modes of communicating are vast.”

(Deacon. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain.)

Uniqueness of Language

HUMANS

1. Social

2. Displacement

3. Ambiguous

4. Creative

5. Complex Brain

6. Specific Physical Structure

ANIMALS

1. Inborn

2. No displacement

3. Specific

4. Predictable

5. Simpler brain

6. Lacking Physical Structure

Uniqueness of Language

Human language, in contrast to animal communication, reveals a specific conceptual system found only in human language:

“Theory of mind, ownership, essences, mutipart tools, fatherhood, romantic love, and most moral concepts”

(Pinker and Jackendoff).

What is the Origin of Language?

“The world’s languages evolved spontaneously. They were not designed.”

(Deacon. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain.)

“Research that will help answer the complex questions involved continues, with the focus now more on How did language evolve? than on Did language evolve?”

(Kenneally 2007)

Evolution of Language

Brain Size

Advanced tool making

Rise of aesthetics, the arts

Social behavior

Creation of Language

Genesis 1:1-3:24

Read the passage

Analyze the conversations

Purpose of LanguageLanguage

Relationship

God and People

Be Fruitful and Multiply

Rule

World and Animals

Subdue and Have

Dominion

Language of Relationship

Father

SpiritSon

Language of Relationship

God

SatanAngels

Language of Relationship

God

SatanPeople

Language of Relationship

Husband

ChildrenWife

Language of Rule

God

Creation Rivers

Man

Animals Wife

Linguistics

LinguisticsPhonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Linguistics: Study of Language

Sounds /Production PHONETICS

Sounds / Patterns PHONOLOGY

WordsMORPHOLOGY

Sentences SYNTAX

Meaning / Words SEMANTICS

Meaning / Context Pragmatics

Linguistics: Study of Language

Society Sociolinguistics

Mental Psycholinguistics

Brain Neurolinguistics

History Historical Linguistics

ComputersComputational Linguistics

Education TESOL

Translation Bible Translation

TESOLWhat Can I Do With a TESOL Certificate?

16th Century English

“The speeche of Englande is a base speche to other noble speeches, as Italion, Castylion and Frenche, howbeit the speche of Englande of late dayes is amended.”

Andrew Boorde, The First boke of the Introduction of Knowledge. Ann Curzon and Michael Adams. How English Works: A Linguistic Introduction. 2009. (499).

21st Century English

“The fact is that right now, English is the language most often associated with

globalization.”

“Within little more than a generation, we have moved from a situation when a world language

was a theoretical possibility to one where it is an evident reality.”

“As we consider the future of English as a world language, we have no historical precedent to turn to. No language has ever been spoken as

widely around the world as English currently is”

Curzon and Adams (499).. David Crystal, English as a Global Language, 2003 (Curzon 498. Curzon and Adams (499).

Future of English

“…the number of people throughout the world speaking some variety of English as

a second language is increasing. Some estimates predict that by about 2017 as

many as three billion people (about forty-three percent of the estimated world

population at the time) will speak English as a native language, a second language,

or a foreign language.”

Bruce Rowe and Diane Levine. A Concise Introduction to Linguistics. 2nd ed. 2009. (366).

English as a First/ Native Language

370 million

David Graddol. The Future of English? 2000 (Curzon 501).

ENL

U.S.

England

Canada

Australia

New Zealan

d

S. Africa

English as a Second/ Official

Language

ESL

Anguilla

Antigua

Aruba

Belize

Botswana

Bermuda370 million

David Graddol. The Future of English? 2000 (Curzon 501).

English as a Foreign

Language

EFL

China

Russia

Germany

Sweden

Spain

750 million

David Graddol. The Future of English? 2000 (Curzon

501).

ESL and EFL in Europe

80-90% English use Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark

60-70% English use Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium

50-60% English use Austria, Germany, Greece

30-40% English use France, Portugal, Italy, Spain

Study: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archieves/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf .

English in the World

English

United Nations

Olympics

NATO

Air/Sea Safety

European Union

Org. African Unity

S.E. Asian

Nations

Org. African Unity

English in the World

English

Academic Pub.

Newspapers

Films

Pop Music

Stored Data

Tourism

ESL in US

1. California (40% or 12.4 million non-native English speakers)

2. Texas (32% or 6 million non-native English speakers)

3. New York (28% or 4.9 million non-native English speakers)

4. Florida (24% or 3.4 million non-native English speakers)

5. Illinois (20% or 2.2 million non-native English speakers)

The country: 19% or 52 million non-native English speakers

ESL Growth

From 2000 to 2005:

Native English speakers declined by .4% while non-native English speakers increased by 2% (5 million).

Non-English Languages in St. Louis County

Spanish 16,760 1.76%

German 5,795 0.60%

French 4,714 0.49%

Chinese 4,375 0.45%

Russian 3,015 0.31%

Italian 2,145 0.22%

Serbo-Croatian 1,834 0.19%

Non-English Languages in Florissant

Spanish or Spanish Creole 665

French (incl. Patois, Cajun) 301

African languages 209

Non-English Languages in Madison County, IL

Spanish 3,675 1.51%

German 1,245 0.51%

French 684 0.28%

Italian 375 0.15%

Need for ESL

“Those who do not speak or read English are relegated to a lower social status in the world

because they do not have access to much of the information that is necessary to succeed

economically in the 21st century”

 

“Being a native English speaker in today’s world automatically gives one many communicative

privileges—and often social, economic, and educational privileges as well”

Bruce Rowe and Diane Levine (367). Curzon and Adams (507).

TESOLTeaching English to Students of Other Languages

“Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL) is an

independent professional organization established in 1966.

The organization was created out of professional concern over the lack of a

single, all-inclusive professional organization that might bring together

teachers and administrators at all educational levels with an interest in teaching English to speakers of other

languages (ESOL).”

TESOL

Language

Culture

InstructionAssessment

Professionalism

TESOLwww.tesol.org

TESOL Certificate

Structural/Social Linguistics

Second Language Acquisition/Methods

Assessment/Materials

Structural and Social Linguistics

Second Language Acquisition and

Methods

Assessment and Materials of TESOL

Uses of a TESOL certificate

1. Tutor International students at SLCC in Academic English

2. Teach Conversational English as a Church Ministry

3. Teach ESL as part of a broader cross-cultural Ministry

4. Teach ESL as a tent-making profession overseas

5. Pursue graduate-level training in TESOL

Other Opportunities for ESL

College and Universities

Primary and Secondary Schools

Language Institutes

English Camps

Churches

Tutoring

Handbook for Christian EFL Teachers (29).

TESOL in Churches

Covenant Life Church / Gaithersburg, MA www.covlife.org/esl

Sunset Presbyterian Church / Portland, OR www.sunsetpres.org/esl

Westminster Chapel / Bellevue, WA www.westminister.org

Lab Week: Houston, Texas

Christian Educators TESOL

“The Christian Educators in TESOL Caucus (CETC) is composed of persons who have a common interest in the teaching of English to speakers of other languages and who share a common belief in Jesus Christ.”

www.cetesol.org

Additional Training

Master's Degree

Endorsement or Add-On Certification in ESL

Common Certificates

TEFL Certificate

Cambridge UCLES CELTA

SIT TESOL Certificate

Trinity Certificate in TESOL

Distance Learning Options