To:Honors/Pre-IBBiologyStudents Page1of2Fr:Mrs.GeorgoDate:May18,2020Re:AssignmentsforMay18–June5(Packet#4)–ReviewofBiology

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AssignmentList:ReviewofBiologyTopics Page2of2Pleasefollowtheorderbelowwhencompletingyourassignments.Readthedirectionsbeforestartinganassignment.Checktheassignmentsoffonthislistasyoucompletethem.____1.ReviewquestionsonComponentsofaControlledExperiment____2.ReviewquestionsonIndependentandDependentVariables____3.ReviewquestionsonStructureandPropertiesofWater____4.ReviewquestionsonMacromolecules____5.ReviewquestionsonEnzymes____6.ReviewquestionsonPhotosynthesisandCellRespiration____7.ReviewquestionsonMitosisandtheCellCycle____8.ReviewquestionsonMeiosisandReproduction____9.ReviewquestionsonDNA,RNA,andProteinSynthesis____10.FinalBiologyReviewLearninginPlacePacketSubmission(PaperCopies)-BeginsMay12,2020Studentswillhavetwooptionstosubmitpapercopiesofcompletedpackets:

1. Atstudent’scurrenthomeschooltoexpediteprocessingonTuesdaysandThursdaysbetween10:00a.m.–2:00p.m.atadrop-offbinattheschool(Youwillbegivenacoverpagetoattachtoyourworkwithyournameandsubjectarea.)

OR

2. Scanpackets(ortakepictures)andemailtotheirteachersdirectlyorthroughGoogleClassroom

ToaccesstheNPSstudentemail:1-StudentsshouldgototheNPShomepageandchoosetheForStudentslink.

Thelinktostudentemailwillbeontheleft.

2-Studentsshouldloginwiththeirstudentemailaddressastheirusername.Theemailaddresswillbethestudent’susername@npsk12.net

Example:D890h@npsk12.net

3-Thepasswordisthelast5numbersofthestudent'sstudentIDnumber.(Ifalibrarianchangedastudent’spasswordthisyear,thenusethatpassword.)

Review Topic: Components of a Controlled Experiment Name ______________________ Directions: After reading the description of the experiment below, identify the components listed below. Grace wanted to find out if adding calcium to the food that she gives to her chickens on the farm would result in thicker eggshells. She believed that the added calcium would make the shells thicker and therefore stronger. In her experiment she studied 20 chickens for 4 months. The 10 chickens in group1were given five cups of plain chicken feed daily. The 10 chickens in group 2 were given five cups of the chicken feed plus the calcium supplement daily. The chickens were all the same variety, the same gender (females), and the same age. Their eggs were examined regularly during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment Grace’s data showed that the calcium did result in thicker, stronger eggshells. Problem:(Question)

Hypothesis:(If/Then) Independent Variable (IV):

Dependent Variable (DV):

Constants (5): * * * * *

Experimental Group:

Control Group: Conclusion: (complete sentence)

ReviewTopic:IndependentandDependentVariables Name______________________________

Identifytheindependentvariable(manipulatedbytheexperimenterorscientist)anddependentvariable(changesonitsownandismeasured).1.Thehigherthetemperatureofwater,thefastertheeggwillcook.IV:___________________________________________________

DV:__________________________________________________

2.Aninvestigationwasdonetoseeifkeepingthelightsonforadifferentamountoftimeeachdayaffectedthenumberofeggsachickenlays.IV:___________________________________________________

DV:__________________________________________________

3.Thetimeittakestorunamiledependsontheamountofexerciseapersongets.IV:__________________________________________________

DV:__________________________________________________

4.Grasswillgrowtallerifitiswateredandfertilizedmore.IV:__________________________________________________

DV:__________________________________________________

5.Aninvestigationwasperformedtoseeifcornseedswouldsproutatdifferentrates,dependingonthetemperatureoftheairinwhichtheywereplaced.IV:___________________________________________________

DV:___________________________________________________

6.Theamountofalgaegrowthinlakesseemstobedirectlyrelatedtothenumberofbagsoffertilizersoldtopeopleatlocalstores.IV:___________________________________________________

DV:__________________________________________________

7.ThescoreontheA.P.examdependedonthenumberofpracticequestionsthestudentcompleted.

IV:__________________________________________________

DV:__________________________________________________

8.Astudywasdonewithmicetoseeifthenumberofoffspringbornwith“birth-defects”wasrelatedtothenumberofminutesofexposuretox-rays.

IV:__________________________________________________

DV:__________________________________________________

ReviewTopic:Structure&PropertiesofWaterName___________________________________

I.StructureofWater

6.Draw2watermoleculesbelowjoinedbyabondbetweenthecorrectatoms.

Theweakbondjoining2watermoleculesiscalleda____________________bond.

II.PropertiesofWater

___1.capillaryactionA.helpscoolthebody___ 2. expansion when it freezes B. cohesion causes the surface layer of water to act like a stretched film over water ___ 3. high heat of vaporization C. plays a major role in getting water from the roots to the top of trees ___ 4. resistant to temperature change D. water can dissolve almost anything ___ 5. surface tension E. causes regions near bodies of water to vary less in temperature ___ 6. universal solvent F. causes ice to be less dense and keeps fish alive in frozen ponds

1.Labelthe2hydrogenatomsinthediagram“H.”2.Labelthe1oxygenatominthediagram“O.”3.Labelthecovalentbondsinthediagram.4.Placeapositive(+)ornegative(-)chargeonthehydrogenandoxygenatoms.5.Becausethewatermoleculeispositiveononeendandnegativeontheoppositeend,itiscalleda______________molecule.

ReviewTopic:Macromolecules Name___________________________

Wordbank:Identifyeachitemas:Carbohydrate,Lipid,Protein,NucleicAcid

Monomers(buildingblocks):1.____nucleotides2.____aminoacids3.____sugar/monosaccharide4.____fattyacid&glycerol

Functions:5.____providesquickenergy,foundincellmembrane6.____carriesgeneticinformation,involvedinmakingprotein7.____provides&storesenergy,makesupcellmembrane,insulates8.____makesupstructures(muscles,nails,hair),fightsdiseases,speedsupchemicalreactions

Examples:9.____fats,waxes,oils,phospholipids10.___enzymes,antibodies11.___DNA,RNA12.___glucose,sucrose,starch,cellulose

Structures:

13.____14.____

15.____16.____

ReviewTopic:EnzymesName____________________________________

1. Basicfactsaboutenzymes:a) Theyareaspecialtypeof:(circleone)carbohydratelipidproteinnucleicacidb) Theyarecalled“catalysts”becausetheydowhattochemicalreactions?____________________

2. Labelthediagrambelow(enzyme,activesite,substrate).

______________________

__________________

_______________

a. Themolecule(orreactant)thattheenzymeactsonduringachemicalreactionisthe__________________________.

b. Thechemicalreactionoccursinthispartoftheenzyme:______________________

c. Mostenzyme’snamesendinthesuffix

3.EnzymesareSPECIFICtotheirsubstrates.

Studyandusethediagramtoputtheseriesofeventsbelowinthecorrectorder.Numberthesteps1-5(1beingthefirststepand5beingthelaststep).____Enzymerecycled____Substratetransformedintoproducts____Productsreleased____Substrateapproachesactivesite____Enzyme-substratecomplexforms4.EnergyofActivation(Eact)isrequiredforachemicalreactiontotakeplace.

a.Whichchemicalreactionhasalowerenergyofactivation—onethatiscatalyzedbyanenzymeoronethatisnot?_________________________________b.True/False:Anenzymeisnotchangedorconsumedinachemicalreactionandcanbeusedagain.______________________

ReviewTopic:PhotosynthesisandCellRespiration Name___________________________

1.Writetheequationforphotosynthesis:________+________!________+________2.Writetheequationforcellrespiration:________+________!________+________+_______

3.Which2gasescyclebetweenphotosynthesisandcellrespiration?_______________and______________

Photosynthesis

Write“PHS”ifitdescribesphotosynthesisand“CR”ifitdescribescellrespiration.4.Capturesandstoresenergy______5.Occursinchloroplasts______6.Carriedoutbyalllivingthings_____7.Occursinmitochondria_____8.Carriedoutbyonlyautotrophs(producers)_____9.Breaksdownfoodtoprovideorganismswithenergy_____10.Canbeaerobicoranaerobic_____11.Consistsofglycolysis,Krebscycle,andelectrontransportchain12.Consistsoflight-dependentandlight-independentreactions

ReviewTopic:Mitosis&CellCycle Name:___________________________________

Wordbank:Prophase,Metaphase,SisterChromatid,SpindleFiber,Interphase,Anaphase,Cytokinesis,10,20,40,Telophase,Centromere,Mitosis,Nucleus,SomaticCell,DNA

______________1.Duringwhatphaseofmitosisdocentromeresdivideandthechromosomesmovetoward

thepoles?

______________2.Whatisthephasewherechromatin-containingDNAcondenses(thickens)toform

chromosomes?

______________3.Whatisthenameofthestructurethatconnectsthetwosisterchromatids?

______________4.Inachromosomeconnectedbyacentromere,whatiseachindividualstrandcalled?

______________5.Ifacellstartsmitosiswith20chromosomes,howmanychromosomeswilleachdaughter

cellhave?

______________6.Whatstructureformsinprophasethathelpthechromosomesmoveinthecell?

______________7.Whichphaseofmitosishaschromosomeslinedupinthemiddleofthecell(equator)?

______________8.Whichpartofthecellcycleischaracterizedbyacellgrowingandpreparingtodivide?

______________9.Skincells,bonecells,stomachcells,andotherbodycellsarecalled_____cellsanddivide

bymitosis.

______________10.WhatreplicatesduringtheS-stageofmitosis?

______________11.Whichorganelleorganizesthespindlefibersatthepolesofthecell?

______________12.Whichorganelledividesduringmitosis?

______________13.Duringwhichpartofthecellcycledoesthecytoplasmdividetoformtwodaughtercells?

Review Topic: Meiosis & Reproduction Name ________________________________ Part 1: Match the description with the terms.1. ___ chromosomes that are the same size, shape, and have similar genes 2. ___ a cell with only half the number of the total number of chromosomes 3. ___the phase when independent assortment occurs 4. ___ a name for sperm and egg 5.___ when genes are exchanged between homologous chromosomes 6.___ the event that occurs before meiosis begins

a. prophase I b. diploid c. crossing-over d. sister chromatids e. interphase f. haploid g. homologous h. gametes i. metaphase I j. somatic/body cells

Part 2. Answer the questions about the diagram below on sexual reproduction. + ! A B C Note: The questions below apply to humans. 7. Identify the names of the three human cells in the above diagram: A _________ B _________C __________ 8. When B unites with A to form C, the event is called _______________________. 9. Determine the number of chromosomes found in each human cell above. A______ B______ C______ 10. Which “equation” below accurately describes the cells above? (circle one) a) diploid + diploid = haploid b) diploid + haploid = diploid c) haploid + haploid = diploid Part 3: Miscellaneous

11. Describe what is happening in the picture below. Give the a) name of event and b) describe what happens.

12. Meiosis produces cells that become gametes, but mitosis produces cells that become _________________ cells, such as skin cells, stomach cells, and white blood cells. 13. Meiosis involves this many divisions _____(#), while mitosis involves this many divisions _____(#). 14. An organism has 15 chromosomes in its sperm cell. Its liver cell would have _____ (#) chromosomes. 15. An organism has 48 chromosomes in its skin cell. Its egg cell would have ___ (#) chromosomes. 16. Give 3 methods of asexual reproduction (names only): 1) 2) 3) 17. True / False: DNA on the chromosomes replicate before mitosis and before meiosis.

(fertilized egg)

a) b)

ReviewTopic:DNA,RNA,&ProteinSynthesis Name___________________________Page1of3

1. DNAisanorganicmacromoleculecalleda________________________.2. DNAisapolymerandismadeofthemonomercalled______________________.3. The3partsofanucleotideare________________________________________________________.4. ThecomplementarynitrogenbasepairsinDNAare____________________________________.5. Thecomplementarybasesarejoinedtogetherby_________________bonds.6. ThestructureofDNAwasdiscoveredbythese2scientists:_____________________________7. These2scientistsusedthex-rayphotoofDNAcreatedbyRosalindFranklintodeterminethatthe

structureofDNAisdescribedasa_________________________.

8. DNAhasthegeneticcodeformaking_______________,whichgiveusourtraits.9. AchangeintheDNAiscalleda________________,whichcanaffectanorganism’straitsor

phenotypes.10. DNAislocatedinthe_____________ofeukaryoticcells,andinthe______________ofprokaryotic

cells.

DNAReplication

1. WhathappenswhenDNAreplicates?___________________________________________________2. DuringwhichpartofthecellcycledoesDNAreplicate?_____________________________________3. WhymustDNAreplicatebeforeacelldividestoformtwodaughtercells?___________________________________________________________________________________

4. Theenzymecalled________________________unzipstheoriginalDNA.a) Itdoesthisbybreaking_________________bondsbetweencomplementary____________

(betweentheA–TandbetweentheG–C).5. Theenzymecalled________________________helpstobuildtwonewstrandsofDNAagainstthe

twooriginalstrands.a) Itdoesthisbyjoiningfree-floating____________________totheir______________________

basesonthetwooriginalstrandsofDNA.(A–TandG–C)6. AttheendofreplicationtherearetwoDNAmoleculesthatare_________________.Whenthecell

divides,oneDNAmoleculeendsupinonedaughtercellandtheotherDNAmoleculeendsupintheotherdaughtercell.

7. Eachoriginalstrandservesasa__________________(ormodel)forbuildinganewstrandofDNA.8. ThetwoDNAmoleculesthatresulteachhaveoneoldstrandandone___________strand.

RNA&ProteinSynthesisPage2of3

1. RNAisanorganicmacromoleculecalleda___________________________.2. RNAisapolymerandismadeofmonomerscalled_____________________.3. The3kindsofRNA,__________,_________,and________aredirectlyinvolvedinmaking

______________,whicharemadeintheribosomes.4. ThegeneticcodeinDNAiscopiedontothistypeofRNA:_________

5. a)IfthesequenceinDNAisshownbelow,whatistheRNAthatismadefromit?DNA:GTCTAGGCATGARNA:________________________

b)IfthesequenceinRNAisshownbelow,whatistheDNAthatismadefromit?

RNA:CACAUCGCUAGADNA:________________________

6. Sequenceformakingaprotein:DNA!____________!aminoacids!____________!trait

Mutations

ProteinX(normal)

DNA: AGGCTTCAT

mRNA:__________________

aminoacids:________________________(usecodonchartorp.367)

ProteinX(abnormal)–Thereisamutationinthetwoadenine(A)nucleotidesinDNA.Theywerechangedto“C.”

DNA: CGGCTTCCT

mRNA:__________________

aminoacids:________________________(usecodonchartorp.367)

Refertothediagram.Identify:

G-_____________

F-_____________

B-_____________

E-_____________

Transcription&Translation(RefertoyourmRNAcodonchartorp.367.) Page3of3

1 2 3 4 5

DNA

CGT

AGC

TGA

CAT

ACT

mRNACodon

tRNAAnticodon

AminoAcid

WritingaLetterUsingCodons

Directions:Usingthepersonalcodonchartbelow,writealettertoafriendaboutyourplanswhenwefinallygettoreturnto“normal”life.Itmustconsistofatleast5sentences,andwordsmustbereplacedby3-lettercodons.Forexample,theword“I”isreplacedbythecodon“UUU.”(Putspacesbetweencodons.)

PersonalCodonChart

U C A G

UIsummersleepfood

beachfamilyyouam

willeatwork-outmovies

havevisitdogcan

UCAG

C

andwatchhopeshopping

gotriprelaxingdo

togoingtvfun

thinkaredoingrestaurant

UCAG

A

wouldbabysitoutsidefriends

parentsgamesworklove

itduringwhenwith

islikewhatover

UCAG

G

happymusicquarantinea

betalkmyfavorite

outwarmtakethe

Netflixreadsunnyget

UCAG

Dear__________________,

From,

__________________

ReviewofBiology Name___________________________Page1of4

1. Putacheckmarknexttothecharacteristicsthataresharedbyalllivingthings.__respondstoenvironment__motile__homeostasis__needsoxygen__produces&usesenergy

2. Apersonsweatsonahotdaytocoolhisbodytomaintainbalance.Thisisanexampleof______________________.3. Putacheckmarknexttotheheterotrophs/consumers.

__plants__animals__fungi__mostbacteria__mostprotists4. Refertothediagrambelow.

5. Determinewhichtypeofsymbiosisisdemonstrated(mutualism,parasitism,orcommensalism).a. Abirdbuildsitsnestinatreeandhasahome.b. Bacteriainourdigestivesystemhelpdigestourfoodandinturnreceivesnutrients.c. Adoghasatickonitsbody.

6. Refertothefoodwebbelow.

7. Refertothediagrambelow.

8. WhyiswatercalledaPOLARmolecule?9. Whichthingsarenecessaryforwatertoclimbupatreeagainstgravity?(circleanswer)

a. adhesion,cohesion,&surfacetensionb. hydrogenbonding,adhesion/cohesion,&capillaryactionc. covalentbonding,adhesion,&highspecificheat

10. LabelthepHscale(acidic,basic,neutral).!-----------------------------------------------------------------------"0 7 14

11.a.Whichoneisastrongeracid?pH6orpH3b)Whichoneisastrongerbase?pH10orpH812.SubstanceXisdescribedbelow.Isitanacidorabase?_____________Itturnsbluelitmuspaperred.Itdoesnotchangethecolorofredlitmuspaper.ItspHisbelow7.13.CheckallthestatementsthatareTRUEaboutenzymes. __Aspecificenzymecanactonanykindofsubstrate.__Anenzymelowerstheenergyofactivationinchemicalreactions. __Anenzymespeedsupchemicalreactions.__Anenzymeisdestroyedafterachemicalreactioniscompleted. __Anenzymeisacarbohydrate. __Anenzymeisacatalyst.

[Organisms:plants(bottom),grasshoppers,birds,bobcat(top)]a.Nametheorganismsthataresecondaryconsumers.b.Whichlevelconsumergetsthemostenergy(1st,2nd,or3rd)?c.Whatpercentofavailableenergyispassedonasoneconsumereatsanother?d.Wheredotheproducersgettheirenergy?

a.Drawa5-stepfoodchainfromthefoodwebontheleft.(Startwithaproducerandusearrowstopointtotheconsumers.b.Listthe2producersinthefoodweb.

a.Drawanarrowonthegraphpointingtotheareacalledthe“carryingcapacity.”b.Whatisthedeerpopulationatthecarryingcapacity?

14.Whichcellorganelleisdescribedbelow?(nucleus,mitochondria,ribosome,chloroplast,vacuole) Page2of4a.ProducesATPenergyduringcellrespiration.b.Storeswater,food,wastes.c.ContainsDNAandcontrolsactivitiesofthecell.d.Whereproteinismade.e.WhereCO2andH2OareusedtomakeC6H12O6andO2.15.Themagnifyingpowerofamicroscope’seyepieceis10Xanditslowobjective45X.Whatisthetotalmagnification?_____16.Whichpersonlookedatcorkcellsoftreebarkandcalledthestructures“cells?”____________________17.Pasteursetuptheexperimentbelowtodisprovespontaneousgeneration.Describethistheory?__________________________

18.Checkallthestatementsthatarepartofthecelltheory.__Cellsarethebasicunitofstructureandfunctionofalllivingthings.__Cellshaveorganelleswithspecificfunctions.__Cellsaremicroscopic. __Cellscomefrompre-existingcells.__Livingthingsaremadeupofacell(s). __Cellsaresphericalinshape.19.Usingtheletters,writethecorrectorderofinterphaseandmitosisphases:____________________________

20.CheckallthestatementsthatapplytoVIRUSES.__Theyarenotmadeofcellsandthereforearenotliving.__Theycanreproduceonlywhentheyareinsideacell.__Theybelongtothesamekingdomasbacteria. __Theyuseenergy,grow&develop,andrespondtostimuli.21.Refertothediagrambelow.

22.Refertothediagrambelow.

23.CheckALLthestatementsbelowthatareTRUE.__Diffusionisatypeofactivetransportthatrequiresenergy.__Diffusionismovementofmaterialsfromhightolowconcentrations.__Moleculeswillcontinuetomoveequallyinbothdirectionsevenifconcentrationisthesameonbothsidesofthemembrane.__AcellwillburstinahypertonicsolutionandshrivelupinahypOtonicsolution.24.WhatarethemonomersorbuildingblocksofDNAandRNA?_______________________25.IfonestrandofDNAisTTGACCTGA,whatisthecomplementaryDNAstrand?________________________26.IftheDNAstrandin#25isusedasatemplatetomakeRNA,whatistheRNAstrand?________________________

a.Isthiscellaeukaryoteorprokaryote?b.Isthiscellaplant,animal,orbacteria?c.Howisaprokaryotedifferentfromaeukaryoteintermsofanucleus?

a.Whatisthecellstructureontheleft?b.Whatisitsfunction?c.Whichofitscomponentscanhelptransportmaterials?d.Thecellmembraneissemi-permeablemeaningthat...

27.Useyourcodonchartorpage367inthetextbooktofindtheaminoacidsthatthefollowingmRNAcodonscodefor.Page3of4a.CCG_____________b.GAU_____________c.CAC______________d.UGA_______________

28.Write“P”ifitdescribesphotosynthesisor“CR”ifitdescribescellrespiration.a.ItsmainproductisanenergymoleculecalledATP.b.Ithappensinthemitochondria.c.Itproducesoxygenforlivingthingsonearth.d.Ithappensinthechloroplasts.e.It’scarriedoutbyalllivingthings.

29.TrueorFalse:Theproductsofphotosynthesisarethematerialsneededforcellrespiration.

30.Individualsofapopulationthatarebetteradaptedtotheirenvironmentsurviveatahigherrate.ThiswastrueofthePepperedMothsduringEngland’sIndustrialRevolution.Thisisanexampleofwhichmechanismofevolution?_____________________

31.Whichscientistbelievedthatanacquiredtraitcanbepassedonfromparentstooffspring?(circleone)a.Darwinb.MalthusC.LamarckD.Linnaeus

32.CheckALLtheitemsbelowthatareevidenceofevolution.__similarembryodevelopment __geneticdrift(founder’seffectandbottleneckeffect)__non-randommating __fossilrecord__similaraminoacidsequenceinaprotein__homologous/vestigialstructures

33.a.Whatisavestigialstructure/organ?b.Nameastructureinthehumanbodythatisvestigial.34.Whichmechanismofevolutionisdescribedbelow?______________________PopulationAhaswhiteandbrownducks,andpopulationBhaswhiteducksonly.TwobrownducksleavepopulationAandgotopopulationB.OvertimepopulationBhasbothwhiteandbrownducks.35.Whydoessexualreproductionresultinmoregeneticdiversitycomparedtoasexualreproduction?

36.Thefruitfly,Drosophilamelanogaster,has8chromosomesinitsbodycells.Itsgamete(spermoregg)wouldcontainthisnumberofchromosomes:_______37.Refertotheinformationbelowtoanswerthequestion.

38.Refertothepedigreechartbelow.Albinismisduetoinheritingtworecessivealleles,onefromeachparent.Use“A”fordominantand“a”forrecessive.The2sonsingenerationIIarenormal.Whatistheirgenotype?______

Thefollowingcrosswasconducted:TTPPxttpp

a. Whatisthephenotypeoftheoffspringand%?

b. Listthepossiblegenotype(s)oftheoffspring.

Page4of439.Sicklecelldiseaseiscausedbyinheritingtworecessivealleles,onefromeachparent.Twoparentsarebothcarriersfortheallele(heterozygous).MakeaPunnettsquareanddeterminetheprobabilityofachildbeingbornwithsicklecelldisease.

Parents’genotypes:_____x____Punnettsquare:Probabilityofsicklecell:________%(useA/a)

40.Eyecolorisasex-linkedtraitinfruitflies.ThealleleislocatedontheXchromosome.Redeyesaredominant(R)andwhiteeyesarerecessive(r).Aheterozygousfemalewithredeyesmateswithamalethatalsohasredeyes.

a. Writethegenotypesofthetwoparents:_________x_________(hint:useX---X---andX---Y)b. MakeaPunnettsquarebelow.femalemale

c. Listthepossiblegenotypesoftheoffspring:________________________________________d. Whatisthepossibilityofhavinganoffspringwithredeyes?___________%e. Ofthemaleoffspringonly,whatistheprobabilityofhavingwhiteeyes?__________%

41.Refertothekaryotypetoanswerthequestions.

a.Whatistheperson’sgender?

Howdoyouknow?

b.Isthispersonnormal?

c.Doesthispersonhaveadisorder?

Ifso,whatisit?

d.Howwouldthiskaryotypebeadjustedto

showapersonwithDownsyndrome?

e.Whatisakaryotype?