TO HELP CANDU NEW COMERS

Ms Mihaela STIOPOL Nuclearelectrica SA

Head of Internal Cooperation Department

CONTENTSCONTENTS

1. Romania – Nuclear Energy Structure2. Main Features of the Nuclear Program of Romania3. Main Actors of the Romanian Nuclear Industry 4. Cernavoda NPP - Main features of the installation5. Brief History6. Nuclearelectrica - Cernavoda NPP Units 1 and 2 and the Nuclear Fuel Plant7. Spent fuel storage facilities8. Cernavoda NPP Units 3 and 49. Support of the International Nuclear Community 10.Conclusions

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ROMANIA 2008 ROMANIA 2008 -- ENERGY STRUCTUREENERGY STRUCTURE

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CERNAVODA CERNAVODA NPPNPP

••NUCLEAR FUEL PLANTNUCLEAR FUEL PLANT••R&D INSTITUTER&D INSTITUTE••RAAN HEADRAAN HEAD--OFFICEOFFICE

••D2O PLANTD2O PLANT

SNN HEADSNN HEAD--OFFICE DESIGNOFFICE DESIGNENGINEERING COMPANYENGINEERING COMPANY

LOCATION OF THE MAIN ROMANIAN LOCATION OF THE MAIN ROMANIAN NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRYNUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRY

WHY Nuclear

• Part of the future energy mix in the National Strategy of Power Development for 2007-2020• Helps Romania to meet EU targets to cut GHG emissions by 20% till 2020, alongside with other low-carbon sources• Currently one of the cheapest low-carbon electricity generation technologies• Efficiently replaces the “close-to-retire” old fossil fuel power plants• Capable of increasing the security of energy supply• Backed up by an effective regulatory framework• Nuclear in Romania has proven its viability as a safe, reliable and efficient power generating technology, accepted by the population

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Political Support for Nuclear Projects

� Large majority of the political parties is supporting the nuclear program in Romania.

� Support from the political class is crucial, considering that the completion of such projects are covering more than one elections cycle.

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WHY CANDU

� High Nuclear safety features� High availability in operation� The energy supply policy indepency sustained by the availability of the Romanian industry to produce equipment, nuclear fuel and heavy water.

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MAIN FEATURES OF THE NUCLEAR PROGRAM OF ROMANIA

� Cernavoda Project is based on technology transfer process from Canada, Italy and United States. � Cernavoda and Krsko (Slovenia) nuclear power plants are the only nuclear facilities in Central and East Europe based on Western technology and nuclear safety standards worldwide acknowledged. WENRA Report and Agenda 2000 consider them as nuclear reactors of Western design, under operation or construction, about which 2000 Agenda considers that should be monitored, as evaluation are necessary to attest that their operation is performed in accordance with the appropriate nuclear standards.� The Cernavoda site fully complies with the requirements of the national and international standards related to nuclear power plants� The CANDU nuclear reactor is characterized by a high level of environment and public protection, meeting the requirements of the national and international standards

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• RAAN- Heavy Water Plant – Drobeta Tr. Severin- Research and Development – Pitesti- Engineering – Magurele

• “Nuclearelectrica” Nuclear Company- Nuclear Power Plant – Cernavoda- Nuclear Fuel Plant – Pitesti

• Uranium National Company- 4 branches

MAIN ACTORS IN ROMANIAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY

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Regia Autonoma pentru Activitati Nucleare (RAAN)

� ”ROMAG PROD”- heavy water production plant, based on Romanian technology, developed by the Cryogenic and Isotopes Separation Institute (ICSI) Ramnicu-Valcea, a research, design and engineering company for chemical plants � ”ROMAG TERMO” - conventional power plant, steam supplier for D2O Plant� ”ICN Pitesti” - the Nuclear Research Institute represents R&D facilities supporting HWR Program (Triga Reactor, Hot Cells, F/M Testing Rig, Reactor Physics, Nuclear Fuel R andD etc.)� ”CITON” Bucharest, The Nuclear Design & Engineering Institute, representing the Romanian design & engineering capability, with expertise in CANDU design, Heavy Water Plants and nuclear R and D facilities.

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History•• 1978 1978 -- 1981 CANDU 6 license, engineering and technical assistance 1981 CANDU 6 license, engineering and technical assistance

and procurement contracts with AECL for nuclear island, and for and procurement contracts with AECL for nuclear island, and for turboturbo--generator set, electric generator and auxiliaries with generator set, electric generator and auxiliaries with ANSALDOANSALDO--Italy and GEItaly and GE--USA were concludedUSA were concluded

• 1978 CANDU 6 type reactor , AECL project, having as cooler and moderator the heavy water and natural uranium as nuclear fuel, and the Cernavoda site are chosen as starting point in building and developing the Romanian nuclear power program• By the end of 1978 – the contract for nuclear island is signed with AECL• 1979 the contract entered into force• 1980 the works for the Unit 1 construction have started – the commissioning being planned for 1985)• 1981 the contract is extended for the Unit 2 construction• 1982 the decision to complete five units on Cernavoda site is taken• A very ambitious of animalization is started being involved around 240 Romanian enterprises

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History (cont’d)• September 1990-IAEA mission-in order to check the works on the site and mainly the works related to the safety systems•• August 1991 (overall progress August 1991 (overall progress -- 45%): RENEL45%): RENEL--AECL ANSALDO AECL ANSALDO

Consortium (AAC) Project Management Contract (PMC) Consortium (AAC) Project Management Contract (PMC) -- Scope Scope of PMC: to perform an overall design and status verification, toof PMC: to perform an overall design and status verification, tomanage the residual procurement and erection activities, to manage the residual procurement and erection activities, to perform the commissioning tests and the initial operation of theperform the commissioning tests and the initial operation of theplantplant

• Units 2-5 remain under preservation•• December 2December 2ndnd , 1996 , 1996 –– Unit 1 Commercial operation dataUnit 1 Commercial operation data•• May 2001, Nucleareelctrica, AECL and Ansaldo signed the May 2001, Nucleareelctrica, AECL and Ansaldo signed the

contract for the Unit 2 completioncontract for the Unit 2 completion•• March 2003 the contract entered into forceMarch 2003 the contract entered into force•• October 5October 5thth , 2007 , 2007 –– Unit 2 Commercial operationUnit 2 Commercial operation

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Shareholders Romanian State – 90.28% and Property Fund – 9.72%Main Activity: Electrical Power and Heat Production, NPP Construction and Commissioning and Nuclear Fuel Fabrication

SOCIETATEA NATIONALA SOCIETATEA NATIONALA NUCLEARELECTRICA (SNN) SANUCLEARELECTRICA (SNN) SA

SNN SACNE (NPP) CERNAVODA

Cernavoda – Units 1 and 2Nuclear Fuel Plant

Pitesti

SAFE & EFFICIENT OPERATION OF UNITS 1 and 2 – CANDU 6 700 MWe

NUCLEAR FUEL FABRICATION FOR TWO UNITS

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CANDU CANDU –– 6: 700 MWe6: 700 MWeREACTOR BUILDING CUTAWAYREACTOR BUILDING CUTAWAY

Containment

Primary HeatTransport Pumps

Calandria(Reactor)

Equipment Airlock

Steam Generators

Pressurizer

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CANDU CHARACTERISTICSCANDU CHARACTERISTICS

On-powerFuelling

ModularDesign

Large heatsinks

High neutroneconomy

Simple fuelbundle

FuelCalandria Tube

Fuel Channel

Cernavoda NPP Units 1 and 2Gross capacity factor

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Units 1 and 2 AchievementsUnits 1 and 2 AchievementsComparison between other CANDU 6 type power plants at the end of april

2009, on the basis of the GCF• Cernavoda 2 97,0%• Wolsong 4 96.6%• Wolsong 3 95,0%• Wolsong 2 93.7%• Qinshan 5 90,1%• Cernavoda 1 88.5%• Qinshan 4 88,3%• Wolsong 1 86.1%• Embalse 85,0%• Gentilly 2 78,8%

At the end of April 2009, Cernavoda 1 ranked the 6th position in top 39 of PHWR reactors worldwide and Cernavoda 2 – position 1st

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The effective collective dose – by comparison with other CANDU 6 type power plants (man/ mSv)

Units 1 and 2 Achievements (contUnits 1 and 2 Achievements (cont’’d)d)

Units 1 and 2 Achievements (contUnits 1 and 2 Achievements (cont’’d)d)

• Environmental radiological impact • Radioactive emissions in air and water are well below the licensed limits.• The 2008 annual effective dose for a public individual of the critical group: 5,7μμμμ Sv i.e. 0.6% of the legal limit of 1000 μμμμSv/y.• Note: natural radiation background is 2400 μμμμSv.• The annual effective dose for an individual of the public critical group • (μμμμ Sv/y) since in-service:

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CERNAVODA NPP CERNAVODA NPP –– UNIT 2UNIT 2

IMPACT OVER ELECTRICITY PRICE IMPACT OVER ELECTRICITY PRICE STABILITY!STABILITY!

Excellent commissioning experience achieved by SNN staff:Unit 1: criticality to commercial – 229 daysUnit 2: criticality to commercial – 145 days

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INTERIM DRY SPENT FUEL STORAGE INTERIM DRY SPENT FUEL STORAGE FACILITY FACILITY –– CERNAVODA SITECERNAVODA SITE

MACSTORE Type (AECL Canada) – first module operational from 2003; second – 2006; third – February 2007;Final profile: 27 modules – 50-80 years of storage for 2 Units;DECOMMISSIONING – a new challenge!

RadwasteTreatment

Facility

Interim storage on site DIDR (LLW/ILW)

Disposal Near Surface

Repository

LLW / ILW LLW / ILW Waste Waste

Spent fuelSpent fuel Interim storage on site DICA

Disposal in Geological Repository

Waste Management and Decommissioning

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NUCLEAR FUEL PLANTNUCLEAR FUEL PLANT

Present & Future�In this moment, Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) is producing nuclear fuel for two units (approx. 10.000 fuel bundles / year / 2 Units)�Plans to double capacity for Cernavoda NPP Units 3 and 4 future operation.�The projected growth of production, requires actions to prepare the safety of uranium supply

�Therefore Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) begin the qualification process of some UO2 suppliers (others than National Uranium Company)

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CERNAVODA UNITS 3 and 4CERNAVODA UNITS 3 and 4

��MAIN CHARACTERISTICS:MAIN CHARACTERISTICS:

Reactor Type:Reactor Type: CANDU 6CANDU 6Installed Output: 2 x 720 MWeInstalled Output: 2 x 720 MWeDelivered Power:Delivered Power: 2 x 5,239 TWh/an 2 x 5,239 TWh/an Completion Cost: Completion Cost: aproxaprox.. 44 bl. bl. EuroEuroSchedule: Schedule: 64 months per unit64 months per unitUnit Life: Unit Life: 30 years, possible 4030 years, possible 40Electricity Price:Electricity Price: 28,2 28,2 -- 32,532,5 Euro/MWhEuro/MWh

Why CANDU on Cernavoda site?� Existing Cernavoda site –licensed by Romanian Regulatory Body� Take advantage of the advanced status of site civil works:52% Unit 3 and 30% Unit 4 started on CANDU 6 technology� Excellent operating records at Cernavoda Units 1&2� Proven technology: CANDU Units in operation are among top ranked plants worldwide� Existing local qualified expertise for CANDU plants in:

o design and R&Do manufacturing fuel and heavy watero construction, commissioning, operation & maintenance

� Licensing process initiated:o Licensing Basis Document : approvedo Environmental Permit: in final stageo Other main licenses activities: in progress 26

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NUCLEARELECTRICA and NUCLEARELECTRICA and CERNAVODA NPP: UNITS 3 & 4CERNAVODA NPP: UNITS 3 & 4

CERNAVODA NPPCERNAVODA NPP

UNITS 1 & 2UNITS 1 & 2

PROJECT COMPANYPROJECT COMPANY

EnegoNuclear SAEnegoNuclear SA

INVESTORSINVESTORSNUCLEARELECTRICA SA

NUCLEARELECTRICA:NUCLEARELECTRICA:OPERATION & MAINTENANCEOPERATION & MAINTENANCE

Units 3 and 4 Project

• EnergoNuclear develops the Project, according to the Investor Agreement endorsed by GD 1565/2008, in two phases:Phase 1: The Pre-Project Phase• 1. To arrive at final Project definition and cost and to perform the work required to achieve FID (Final Investment Decision)• Inspection and evaluation of the existing assets• Selection of main contractor• Review of the feasibility study• Negotiation and conclusion of main contracts and agreements (O&M, electricity off-take, decommissioningand waste disposal, etc.)• Obtaining necessary approvals and licenses• Financial agreement

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Units 3 and 4 Project (cont’d)

• 2.To perform technical/commercial work required to meet the project schedule post-FID• Tech Specs for long term delivery equipment• Pre-mobilisation plan for key operational staff• 3. The Pre-Project Phase shall have as a result the Final Investors Decision (September 30th 2010) Remarks• Only activities necessary to obtain the construction license and to meet project schedule requirements will be undertaken• No construction work will take place during Pre-Project phase

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Units 3 and 4 Project (cont(cont’’d)d)

• Phase 2: The Project Phase• Implementation of the Project by the Main Contractor.• Main activities to be delivered:• detail design and licensing• equipment procurement• construction and installation• commissioning and testing• starting commercial operation

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Training and Education Process

Training Center equipped with a Full – scope Simulator provinding a continuous training and education process of the personnel, scientific visits, students and so on.

Unit 2 Training processTraining needs for Unit 2 personnel have been identified based on

Table Top Analysis performed for similar jobs at the Cernavoda NPP's Unit 1.

Training programs implementation started in 2002, when the first 250 persons were hired for commissioning and operation.

The training program for Unit 2 field operators have taken advantage of the training and experience gained in Unit 1 operators training.

On-the-job training covers essential operator skills and elemental systems knowledge.

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Training and Education Process (cont'd)A main part of the on-the-job training program has been carried out in

Unit 1 Operation Department, under the guidance of experienced operators, using the existing training materials. In addition, the training program has included training on design differences between Unit 1 and Unit 2, for which training materials were developed.

Contractors trainingContractors and temporary personnel who work independently at the

plant have been trained and qualified to perform assigned tasks.All contractor personnel have taken a basic training program including:

basic knowledge about plant layout, the basis of plant operation, station organization and administrative procedures, which govern its day-to-day operation. In addition, the program provides an introduction to both conventional and nuclear safety, the quality assurance program, the requirements for radiation protection andactions in the event of an emergency situation on site.

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Training and Education Process (cont'd)The training program has been focused on:

• Systems specific training on design differences between Unit 1 and Unit 2;

• Simulator training on operator response to major transients and abnormal operating procedures, followed-up by an internal and regulatory body practical evaluation before the Manual Fuel Load;

• Practical training related to Unit 2 Control Room panel configuration, systems test and operation in commissioning phase.

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SUPPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR COMMUNITY

• IAEA support through regional programs, scientific visit• World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) : SNN

is member of WANO-Atlanta Center and takes active part in WANO’s programs; in Cernavoda Unit 1 was performed a WANO Peer Review mission, and follow-up is now under way; SNN’s experts are part of similar missions to other nuclear plants

• CANDU Owners Group (COG): SNN is member of COG and takes active part in COG’s programs; Romanian R&D Programs were structured in accordance with COG programs to better identify the common goals for CANDU community

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� INTERNATIONAL EXPERT MISSIONS AT CERNAVODA NPP, IAEA –OSART Mission, January –February 2005

� WANOPeerReview-June 2006� IAEA-OSART Follow-up Mission-November 2006� EC DG TREN, Project RO-07/41 Cernavodă–NPP and the National Network in

South-Eastern Romania, June2007Scope:Review of the radiological environmental surveillance on and around the site

of the Cernavodă NPP.• IAEA Review of the Radiation Protection Program of the Cernavoda NPP, June

2008Scope:Independent appraisal of the radiological protection program done by an

International Expert Review Service(IAEA-IERS) mission, focusing on tritium exposure of the workers, population and the environment surrounding the Cernavoda NPP.

• WANO Follow-up Mission -October 2008Scope: To review the status of the 2006 WANO peer review issues and assess

progress in closing them

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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

� The Nuclear Program in Romania, part of the national and European energy policy: sustainable development, security of energy supply and competitiveness – NOT SUBJECT TO POLITICAL DISPUTES!� Coherent national nuclear safety policy, consistent with the European initiatives - strong guarantee for a reliable nuclear program;� Romania has proven experience in construction, commissioning and operation of NPPs;� Romanian Power Sector need improved capacity to learn from experience - new tools are necessary to be developed and implemented to attract investors for new production capacities.

Thank you!