1. To DRM or not to DRM?ESCE/IPS, 6 de Dezembro, 2011 ISCTE-IUL/ISTA/ADETTI-IUL Carlos Serro Instituto Superior de Cincias do Trabalho e da Empresa carlos.serrao@iscte.pt Lisbon University Institute carlos.j.serrao@gmail.comISCTE-IUL School of Technology and ArchitectureADETTI-IUL http://www.carlosserrao.net http://blog.carlosserrao.net http://www.linkedin.com/in/carlosserrao

2. About me...2To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 3. Content3 In media production and publishing, content is information and experiences that may provide value for an end-user/audience in specific contexts. Content may be delivered via any medium such as the internet, television, and audio CDs, as well as live events such as conferences and stage performances. The word is used to identify and quantify various formats and genres of information as manageable value-adding components of media.To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 4. Intellectual Property4 Intellectual property (IP) is a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which a set of exclusive rights are recognizedand the corresponding fields of law Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Types of intellectual property rights: copyrights trademarks patents industrial design rights trade secrets ...To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 5. Copyright is a legal concept, enacted bymost governments, giving the creatorof an original work exclusive rights toit, usually for a limited time.Generally, it is "the right to copy", butalso gives the copyright holder the rightto be credited for the work, todetermine who may adapt the work toother forms, who may perform thework, who may financially benefit fromit, and other, related rights. 6. Digital Content6 Advantages and Opportunities bettercontent newand better delivery channels newcustomers fasterdelivery ... Disadvantages and Challenges piracyand uncontrolled distribution ...To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 7. Impact #1 - Digital Formats 8. Impact #2 - Bandwidth 9. Impact #3 - P2P 10. Impact #4 - Compression 11. Piracy...... the right way to fight it? 12. http://youtu.be/l5SmrHNWhak 13. Content13 Answer from content industry Digital Rights Management and Copy Protection/Prevention To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 14. DRM interoperability14 DRM involves the: description layering analysis valuation trading and monitoring of rights over an individual or organizations assets, indigital format. To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 15. CDeXtended Copy Protection (XCP)Copy-Protection on CDsSony BMG CD copy protection rootkitscandalMediaMax CD-3Copy-Protection on CDsA rootkit is so;ware that enables con0nued privileged access to a computer while ac0vely hiding its presence from administrators by subver0ng standard opera0ng system func0onality or other applica0ons. 16. Mark Russinovich(Sysinternals, actual Microsoft) 17. #FAILMark Russinovich(Sysinternals, actual Microsoft) 18. DVDCSS content-scrambling system1996-19991. CSS prevents byte-for-byte copies of an MPEG (digital video) stream from being playable since such copies do not include the keys that are hidden on the lead-in area of the restricted DVD.2. CSS provides a reason for manufacturers to make their devices compliant with an industry-controlled standard, since CSS scrambled discs cannot in principle be played on noncompliant devices. 19. Jon Lech Johansen (a.k.a. DVD Jon) DeCSS QTFairUse DeDRM PyMusique, SharpMusic (iTunes alternatives) DoubleTwist 20. AACSAdvanced Access Content SystemHD-DVD, BlueRaySince appearing in devices in2006, several AACSdecryption keys have beenextracted from weaklyprotected software playersand published on theInternet, allowingdecryption by otherunlicensed software. 21. Digital files cannot be madeuncopyable, any more thanwater can be made not wet. Bruce Schneier in Crypto Gram, 15 May 2001 http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-0105.html#3 22. It was originally founded as a pioneering peer-to-peer file sharing Internet service thatemphasized sharing audio files, typicallymusic, encoded in MP3 format. John Fanning Shawn FanningIn its second incarnation Napster became anonline music store until it merged withRhapsody on 1 December 2011. 23. GamesSecuROMSafeDisc 24. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)United States copyright law that implements two 1996treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)Criminalizes production and dissemination of technology,devices, or services intended to circumvent measuresthat control access to copyrighted worksCriminalizes the act of circumventing an access control,whether or not there is actual infringement of copyrightitself 25. http://youtu.be/ryXDhXqR-SE 26. Digital Content Value-Chain26 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 27. Digital Content Value-Chain26 Creator Publisher Aggregator DistributorRetailer ConsumerContent Creation, Capture Content Rights EstablishmentContent Rights Validation Content Packaging Content RepositoryContent TradingContent DistributionContent TradingContent Distribution Content Payment Content TradingPermission Management To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 28. Digital Rights Management27 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 29. Digital Rights Management27 Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 30. Digital Rights Management27iTunes FairPlay Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerContent authorsPublishers To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 31. Digital Rights Management27 iTunes FairPlay Creator PublisherAggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerApple, Inc.Content authorsPublishers To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 32. Digital Rights Management27iTunes FairPlay Creator PublisherAggregatorDistributor Retailer ConsumerApple, Inc.Content authorsPublishersApple contentservers To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 33. Digital Rights Management27iTunes FairPlay Creator PublisherAggregatorDistributorRetailerConsumerApple, Inc.Content authorsPublishersApple iTunesApple content content storeservers To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 34. Digital Rights Management27iTunes FairPlay Creator PublisherAggregatorDistributorRetailerConsumerApple, Inc.Content authorsPublishersApple iTunesApple content content storeservers Apple iPod, iPhone,Apple TV, ... To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 35. Digital Rights Management28 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 36. Digital Rights Management28 Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer Consumer To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 37. Digital Rights Management28Windows Media DRM Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerContent authorsPublishers To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 38. Digital Rights Management28Windows Media DRM Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerContent authorsPublishersContent is encoded,protected and stored To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 39. Digital Rights Management28 Windows Media DRM Creator Publisher AggregatorDistributor Retailer ConsumerContent authorsPublishersContent is encoded,protected and storedProtected content ismade available to stores To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 40. Digital Rights Management28Windows Media DRM Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerContent authorsContent acquiredPublishersContent is encoded,and dowloaded +protected and stored license Protected content is made available to storesLicenseproduction To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 41. Digital Rights Management28Windows Media DRM Creator Publisher Aggregator Distributor Retailer ConsumerContent authorsContent acquiredPublishersContent is encoded,and dowloaded +protected and stored license Protected content is made available to storesLicenseproduction To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 42. g tinpu m Co dteusTr http://youtu.be/UnXU7z2_6Jg 43. remixedr/wculture 44. remixedr/wculture 45. http://www.ted.com/talks/larry_lessig_says_the_law_is_strangling_creativity.html 46. Digital Content Value-Chain33 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 47. Digital Content Value-Chain33Consumer Distributor is Aggregator is Consumer Creator Publisher Aggregator is Creator ConsumerConsumer is RetailerConsumer is Publisher ConsumerDistributor Retailer Consumers are active not passive Consumers take other roles on DCVC Changes the established rights managementlogic To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 48. interoperability 49. Digital Rights Management35 DRM 1.0 failure Vulnerable DRM systems Limitations to user experience Limited availability Offerlimited protection Imposition to end-users Lackof interoperability DRM 2.0 must solve these issues To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 50. Digital Rights Management36DRM 1.0DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0 AppleOpenIPM DMPFairplay P Chillout Coral Windows Media OMA DRM DRMDReaMMarlin MPEG-2 1 AXMedis MIPAM S To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 51. Digital Rights Management37 DRM Layers To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 52. Digital Rights Management37 DRM Layers Rights Management Rights EnforcementCopy Protection To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 53. Digital Rights Management38 DRM Layers non-interoperable To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 54. Digital Rights Management38 DRM Layers non-interoperableRights Management X Rights Management DRM B DRM ARights EnforcementX Rights EnforcementCopy Protection XCopy Protection To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 55. Digital Rights Management39 DRM Layers - interoperable To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 56. Digital Rights Management39 DRM Layers - interoperableDRMDRMRights Management Rights Management A BDRMDRMRights EnforcementRights Enforcement A BDRMDRMCopy ProtectionCopy Protection B A To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 57. Digital Rights Management40 Interoperability strategies (InternationalStandards): Fullformat interoperability Connected interoperability Configurationdriven interoperability To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 58. Digital Rights Management41DRM 1.0DRM 1.5 DRM 2.0 AppleOpenIPM DMPFairplay P Chillout Coral Windows Media OMA DRM DRMDReaMMarlin MPEG-2 1 AXMedis InteroperabilityMIPAM S To DRM or not to DRM?6.Dez.2011 59. OpenSDRM42 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 60. OpenSDRM42 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 61. OpenSDRM42 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 62. OpenSDRM42 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 63. OpenSDRM42 To DRM or not to DRM? 6.Dez.2011 64. Creative Commons licensesare several copyrightlicenses that allow thedistribution of copyrightedworks.The licenses differ byseveral combinations thatcondition the terms ofdistribution. 65. Attribution (by)Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work andmake derivative works based on it only if they give the author orlicensor the credits in the manner specified by these.Noncommercial (nc)Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work andmake derivative works based on it only for noncommercialpurposes.No Derivative Works (nd)Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatimcopies of the work, not derivative works based on it.Share-alike (sa)Licensees may distribute derivative works only under a licenseidentical to the license that governs the original work. 66. 45 Research challenges?!? 67. Still some interesting technicalchallenges- Formats- Interoperability- Security 68. Better control to private information- Social Networks- Private information sharing 69. Applicability to vertical sectors- Health- Business information- Education and Research 70. Super-copySuper-distributionMonetization 71. 50 Q & A? 72. To DRM or not to DRM?ESCE/IPS, 6 de Dezembro, 2011 ISCTE-IUL/ISTA/ADETTI-IUL Carlos Serro Instituto Superior de Cincias do Trabalho e da Empresa carlos.serrao@iscte.pt Lisbon University Institute carlos.j.serrao@gmail.comISCTE-IUL School of Technology and ArchitectureADETTI-IUL http://www.carlosserrao.net http://blog.carlosserrao.net http://www.linkedin.com/in/carlosserrao