2 To build friendships with one another and be a strong group 3 Never to fight to achieve selfish ends, but develop might for right

Tenets of Taekwondo (Taekwondo Shin Cho) Courtesy Yeh Wee Integrity Sung Shil Perseverance In Nae (try hard as you can to finish) Self Control Guk Ki Indomitable Spirit Baekjul Boolgool (never giving up no matter what the odds are)

Basic Belt Colors White Heen Dhee Signifies a birth, or beginning, of a seed. A white belt student is a

beginner searching for knowledge of the Art Yellow Nollan Dhee Signifies the first beam of sunlight which shines upon the seed giving

it new strength with the beginning of new life. A yellow belt student is given his/her first ray of knowledge, opening their mind

Green Chorok Dhee Signifies the growth of the seed as it sprouts from the earth reaching toward the sun and begins to grow into a plant. A green belt student learns to further develop and refine his/her techniques

Blue Pahlahn Dhee Signifies the blue sky as the plant continues to grow toward it. A blue belt moves up higher in rank just as the plant grows taller. The student is fed additional knowledge of the Art in order for his/her body and mind continue to grow and develop.

Red Bahlgon Dhee Signifies danger, the red-hot heat of the Sun as the plant continues growing toward it. The student is higher in rank, he/she acquires more detailed knowledge and, just as the plant grows slowly toward the Sun, so the red belt student learns to be more cautious as his/her knowledge and physical abilities increase.

Black Gahmun Dhee Signifies space beyond the Sun. A black belt seeks new knowledge of the Art. As he/she begins to teach others, he/she begins planting new seeds, his/her students, many of which will take root deep into the Art, and grow through the ranks in a never-ending process of growth, knowledge, and enlightenment.

Kihap Significance 1 Breath Control 2 Frighten Opponent (Intimidation) 3 Power by Tightening the Stomach Muscles

Phases of Learning 1 Learn the Basic Moves 2 Fine-tuning and Precise Techniques 3 Perform with Speed and Power

Theory of Power (Heem Ui Wolli)

Reaction Force Bandong Ryok Concentration Jip Joong Equilibrium Kyun Hyung Breath Control Ho Hup Speed Sok Do Board Breaking Etiquette 1 Bow to the judges 2 Set up for technique and practice 3 times 3 Kihap and pause for the holder so that they can hold the board firmly 4 Kihap as you break the board 5 Repeat steps 2 through 4 if you fail to break the board or you have a second

technique to demonstrate 6 Upon completion of the break(s), bow to the judges 7 Bow to the board holder

Beginning of Class Bow Kyung Nae Bow to the Flags Gooki Dae A Hiya, Kyung Nae Bow to the Parents Poo Mo Nim Gae, Kyung Nae Bow to the Grandmaster (8th-9th Dan) Chon Kwan Jang Nim Gae, Kyung Nae Bow to the Master (5th-7th Dan) Kwan Jang Nim Gae, Kyung Nae Bow to the Master (4th Dan and above) Sa Bum Nim Gae, Kyung Nae Bow to the Instructor (1st-3rd Dan) Kyo Su Nim Gae, Kyung Nae Bow to the Teacher (Color Belt) Sun Sang Nim Gae, Kyung Nae

School Creed (Dojang Hoon) School Creed Dojang Hoon Honor Myung Ae Brotherhood Dhan Gyul Selfless Service Bhong Sa Mind and Body as One Jung Shin Il Do Nothing Can be Impossible Ha Sa Bhul Sung

People/Titles President Hwae Jang Nim Grandmaster Chon Kwan Jang Nim Master Instructor (5th-7th Dan)

Kwan Jang Nim Master Instructor (4th Dan and above)

Sa Bum Nim Black Belt Instructor (1st-3rd Dan)

Kyo Su Nim Color Belt Instructor/Teacher

Sun Sang Nim Senior Student Seon Bae Hak Saeng Junior Student Hu Bae Hak Saeng Students Hak Saeng Deul Parents Poo Mo Nim Mother Omma Father Apba Sister Unnie Brother Oppa Promotion Test Judges Shim Sa Boo Sim Referee Joo Sim

Rank before Black Belt Keub Jr. Black Belt Rank Poom Black Belt Rank Dan

Commands Switch Hands

Sohn Ba Guo

Switch Feet

Bahl Ba Guo

Turn Around

Dweero Dora

Start Shee Jak Relax She Oh Stand Up Eda Na Reverse Ban Dae Stop Komahn Ready Jhoon Bee Return Baro Sit Down Ahn Jah Faster Bahli

General To crush with the foot Tae Form or Pattern Poomsae To smash with the hand Kwon Board Breaking Kyukpah The art Do Self Defense Ho Shin Sool The art of foot and hand Taekwondo Demonstration She Bum School/Workout Area Do Jang Promotion Test Shim Sa Meditation Mook Nyum Promotion Test

Finished Shim Sa Keut

Warm-up Exercises Joonbi Oondong Training/Exercise Oondong Energy Yell Kihap Training is Over/Class

Finished Oondong Keut

Counting 1 Hana 11 Yul Hana 30 Suh Roon 1st Il 2 Dool 12 Yul Dool 40 Ma Hoon 2nd Ee 3 Set 13 Yul Set 50 She Hoon 3rd Sahm 4 Net 14 Yul Net 60 Yos Hoon 4th Sa 5 Da Sut 15 Yul Da Sut 70 Il Hoon 5th Oh 6 Yuh Sut 16 Yul Yuh

Sut 80 Yod Hoon 6th Yook

7 Il Gop 17 Yul Il Gop 90 Ah Hoon 7th Chil 8 Yuh Dul 18 Yul Yuh

Dul 100 Beck 8th Pal

9 Ah Hope 19 Yul Ah Hope

1000 Chon 9th Koo

10 Yul 20 Sumool 10000 Mahn 10th Sheep 1X=Hanboon, 2X=Dooboon, 3X=Saehboon, 4X=Nehboon, 5X=Dasutboon

Levels of Contact in Sparring None No contact Light Tap contact Medium Contact with enough force to stop forward movement, no head

kicking Full Contact with enough force to push backward, may kick head

Sparring Terms

Sparring Gyoryugi One-Step Sparring Han Bun Gyoryugi Three-Step Sparring Sae Bun Gyoryugi Kick Sparring Bal Chagi Gyoryugi Blue Competitor Chong Red Competitor Hong Blue Winner Chong Seung Red Winner Hong Seung Tournament/Match Shihap Round Jeon Break from sparring Kalyo Continue Kyesok Warning Kyong Go Point Deduction Gam Jeum Time Out Shi Gan Self Defense Ho Shin Sul  

Equipment Uniform Dobohk Belt Dhee Chest Protector Hogoo Shin Guard Jung Kang Yi

Bohodae Head Gear/Helmet Muhree Bohodae Groin Protection Cup Nang Sim Hogoo Mouth Guard Eep Bohodae Protective Gloves Sohn Boho Janggap Forearm Guard Pahlmahk Bohodae Instep Guard Baldung Bohodae

Body Parts Head Muhree Mouth Eep Ear Gui Hand Sohn Knee Moorup Leg Dadee Body Mohmtong Fist Jumoke Finger Sohn Golak Foot Bal Toe Bal Golak Nose Ko Elbow Palkup Face Ul Gool Back Hohdee Eye Noon Arm Pal Fingernail Sohntope Neck Mok Toenail Baltope Butt Geungdang

y Forearm Palmahk Right Side Ohrenjoh

k Left Side Wenjohk

Heel Chook Ball of Foot

Apkumchi Instep Baldung Blade Balkal

Stances (Sogi) Attention Chareeyot Ready Stance Joonbee Horse-riding/Sitting Stance

Joo Choom Sogi Walking Stance Ahp Goobi

Front Stance/Deep Walking

Ahp Sogi Back/L Stance Dwee Sogi

Sparring Stance Gyoryugi Sogi Fighting Stance Moht Sogi Heaven Hand Ready Stance

Ollyo Doobandalson Sogi

Closed Ready Stance A Moa Sogi A

Closed Ready Stance B Moa Sogi B Closed Ready Stance C Moa Sogi C One-legged Stance Hanbal Sogi Tiger/Cat Stance Beom Sogi Fixed Stance Gojang Sogi Parallel Stance Narani Sogi Vertical/T Stance Soo Jik Sogi X-Stance Kyocha Sogi

Kicks (Chagi) Front Kick Ahp Chagi Axe Kick Nediyo Chagi Roundhouse Kick Dolyo Chagi Side Kick Yup Chagi

Crescent Kick Bandall Chagi Inside-Out Crescent Kick

Bakkat Bandall Chagi

Outside-In Crescent Kick Ahn Bandall Chagi Reverse Side Kick Dweero Yup Chagi Back/Mule Kick Dwee Chagi Hook Kick Huryo Chagi Reverse Spinning Hook Kick

Dweero Momdolyo Huryo Chagi

Double Front Kick Doobun Ahp Chagi

Double Side Kick Doobun Yup Chagi Double Roundhouse Kick

Doobun Dolyo Chagi

Roundhouse/Hook Kick Dolyo Huryo Chagi Roundhouse Axe Kick Dolyo Nediyo Chagi Tornado/360 Roundhouse Kick

Nadabang Chagi Jumping Reverse Side Kick

Twimuro Dweero Yup Chagi

Jump Front Kick Twimuro Ahp Chagi Jump Roundhouse Kick Twimuro Dolyo Chagi

Jump Side Kick Twimuro Yup Chagi Twisting Kick Bituro Chagi Jumping Reverse Spinning Hook Kick

Twimuro Dweero Momdolyo Huryo Chagi

Arching/45 degree roundhouse Kick

Bahn Dolyo Chagi

Front Stretch/Rising Kick Ahp Ollyo Chagi Push Kick Meero Chagi 360 Back Kick Dweero Yup Nanabang

Chagi 360 Spinning Hook Kick Dweero Nadabang

Chagi Flying Side Kick Twiyo Yup Chagi Waving Kick Doro Chagi

Stepping Technique Step Kick Il Bo Step forward with back leg, kick with the front leg Skip Step Kick Cha Jun Back leg slides forward to front leg, and with a little hop,

front leg kicks Forward Shuffle Step Kick

Chun Jin Back foot initiates forward movement, sliding forward to front foot, front foot steps up, back foot kicks in front and put it down in front

Backward Shuffle Step Kick

Hyu Jin Front foot initiates backward movement, sliding backwards to back foot, back foot moves backwards and kicks in front and put down in front

Jumping Kick Twimero Jump with both feet together and kick with your back leg 1-Step Jumping Kick Il Bo

Twimero Step forward with your back leg and lift your front leg up, jump and kick with the back leg

Flying Kick Twiyo Run, jump and kick through the air, making sure that the kick comes from the opposite leg that jumps

Blocks (Maki) Down Block Ari Maki Outside-inside Block An Maki Inside-outside Block Bakkat Maki Knife Hand Block Sonkal Maki Double Knife Hand Guarding Block

Doobun Sonkal Maki Twin Knife Hand Block Sang Sonkal Maki

Arc Hand/C Block Golcho Maki Circular Block Dolyo Maki High/Rising Block Ul Gool Maki Reinforcement block Doo Palmahk Maki Twin Forearm Block Sang Palmok Maki Mountain/W-Block San Maki Palm Block Batang Sohn Maki Pressing Block Noolyo Maki Scooping Block Duro Maki Twin Scooping Block Sang Ollyo Maki U-Shape Block Mong Dungi Maki U-Shape Grab Mong Dungi Japgi X-Block Kyocha Maki Wedging/Spreading

Block Hecho Maki

Scissor Block Kawi Maki 9-shaped Block Gutja Maki Double Forearm Guarding Block

Daebi Maki

Strikes (Chigi) Punch Jiroogi Low Punch Arae Jiroogi Middle/Body Punch Mohmtong Jiroogi High/Upper Punch Ul Gool Jiroogi Side Punch Yup Jiroogi Twin Punch Sang Jiroogi Upset Punch Teok Jiroogi Twin Upset Punch Sang Dwijibo Jiroogi Turning Punch Dolyo Jiroogi Uppercut Jecheo Jiroogi Side Upper Punch Yup Ulgool Jiroogi Twin Horizontal Punch Sang Soopyong

Jiroogi Downward Hammer fist Nediyo Jumoke Chigi Knife Hand Strike Sonkal Chigi Back Fist Strike Deung Jumoke Chigi Upward Elbow Strike Ulgool Palkup Chigi Elbow Smash Palkup Chigi Turning Elbow Strike Palkup Dolyo Chigi Rear Twin Elbow Strike Doobun Dwee Palkup Reverse Ridge Hand Paro Sonkal Nal

Chigi Strike Doong Chigi Ridge Hand Strike Sonkal Nal Doong Chigi Arc Hand Strike Golcho Chigi Spear Hand Strike Pyong Sohn Keut Chigi Upset Spear Hand

Strike Ari Ryong Sohn Keut Chigi

Knee Strike Moorup Chigi Double Finger Strike Doo Sohn Golak Chigi

Courtesy Phrases Hello or How are you Ahnyong

HaShimNeeKa Good to see you Pahn Gap Soonida

Goodbye (when someone leaves)

Ahnyong hee gae sheep shyo

Goodbye (when you leave)

Ahnyong hee ka sheep shyo

Thank you Kam Sa Hamnida You’re welcome Chun Man Hae Yo Excuse me Sir/Ma’am Shi Lae Hamnida I’m sorry Mi Ahn Hamnida That’s alright Kenchanayo Good Job! Jal Hae Soyo Yes Nae No Ahniyo Please Say yo Congratulations Chookka Hamnida I understand Ada Sumnida I don’t understand Molagae Sumnida I don’t know Na Mor La Please say that in

Korean Han Guk Mal Hae Jo Say Yo

Who? Noo goo? What? Moh? When? Unjae? Where? Uhdee? Why? Weh? How? Uh toh gae?

Belt Philosophy White Belt 9th KEUB Focus Cho Jeom Yellow Belt 8th KEUB Enthusiasm Yeol Gwang Senior Yellow Belt 7th KEUB Goal Setting Mogpyo Seoljeong Green Belt 6th KEUB Self Control Guk ki Senior Green Belt 5th KEUB Perseverance In Nae Blue Belt 4th KEUB Confidence Shin Im Senior Blue Belt 3rd KEUB Respect Gyeong Eui Red Belt 2nd KEUB Responsibility Chae Gim Senior Red Belt 1st KEUB Leadership Gi Doh Ryuk 1st Black Belt 1st DAN/POOM Motivation Dong Gi Buyo 2nd Black Belt 2nd DAN/POOM Self Discovery Jagi Bal Gyeon 3rd Black Belt 3rd DAN/POOM Instruction Myong Yeon 4th Black Belt 4th DAN Inspiration Yong Kap 5th Black Belt 5th DAN Evolution Sheen Hwa

WTF Poomsae: WTF (1972) HQ: Kukkiwon, South Korea Belt Color Poomsae Name Poomsae Meaning Movements White Saju Sogi 10 Basic Stance 10 White Saju Maki Il Jang Blocking Set #1 10 White Kibon Il Jang Basic Form #1 16 Yellow Saju Maki E Jang Blocking Set #2 10 Yellow Tae Geuk Il Jang Heaven & Light 18 Senior Yellow Saju Maki Sam Jang Blocking Set #3 18 Senior Yellow Tae Geuk E Jang Lake & Joyfulness 18 Green Tae Geuk Sam Jang Fire & Sun 20 Senior Green Tae Geuk Sa Jang Thunder 20 Blue Tae Geuk Oh Jang Wind 20

Senior Blue Tae Geuk Yook Jang Water 19 Red Belt Tae Geuk Chil Jang Mountain 25 Senior Red Tae Geuk Pal Jang Earth 27

WTF Poomsae (continued): WTF (1972) HQ: Kukkiwon, South Korea 1st Black Koryo The name of an ancient dynasty in the Korean

Peninsula. The English name of “Korea” originated from the name of this “Koryo” dynasty which was famed for the valiant spirit of its people when they defeated the Mongolian aggression. It is based on the spirit of Sonbae (Sonbi) which was inherited from Koguryo to Balhae and to Koryo. Sonbae means strong martial art and honest spirit of scholars.

30

2nd Black Keumgang [Meaning diamond] has the significance of "hardness" and "ponder", The Keumgang Mountain on the Korean peninsula, which is regarded as the center of national spirit, and the "Keumgang Yeoksa"[Keumgang warrior] as named by Buddha, who represents the mightiest warrior, are the background of denominating this poomsae.

27

3rd Black Tae Baek Name of a mountain with the meaning of "bright mountain", where Dan Gun, the founder of the nation of Korean people, reigned the country, and the bright mountain symbolizes sacredness of soul and Dan Gun's thought of "hongik ingan"[humanitarian ideal].

40

4th Black Pyongwon Means a plain that is a vast stretched-out land. It is the source of life for all the creatures and the field where human beings live their life.

33

5th Black Sip Jin Derived from the thought of 10 longevity, which advocates there are ten creatures of long life, namely, sun, moon, mountain, water, stone, pine-tree, herb of eternal youth, tortoise, deer, and crane. They are 2 heavenly bodies, 3 natural resources, 2 plants and 3 animals, all giving human beings faith, hope and love.

41

6th Black Jitae Means a man standing on the ground with two feet, looking over the sky. A man on the earth represents the way of struggling for human life, such as kicking, trading and jumping on the ground. Therefore, the poomsae symbolizes various aspects occurring in the course of human being's struggle for existence.

37

7th Black Chonkwon Means the Heaven's Great Mighty, which is the origin of all the creature and itself the cosmos. Its infinite competence signifies the creation, change and completion. Human beings have used the name of Heaven for all principal earthly shapes and meanings because they felt afraid of the Heaven's mighty. Over 4,000 years ago, the founder of the Korean people, "Hwanin" meant the

38

heavenly King. He settled down in the "heavenly" town as the capital near the heavenly sea and heavenly mountain, where the Han people as the heavenly race gave birth to the proper through and action from which Taekwondo was originated.

WTF Poomsae (continued): WTF (1972) HQ: Kukkiwon, South Korea 8th Black Hansu Means water is the source of substance preserving

the life and growing all the creatures. Hansu symbolizes birth of a life and growth, strength & weakness, magnanimity & harmony, and adaptability. Especially, "han" has the various meanings, namely, the name of a country, numerousness, largeness, evenness, length and even the heaven and the root of evening, among others.

33

9th Black Ilyeo Means the thought of a great Buddhist priest of Silla Dynasty, Saint Wonhyo, which is characterized by the philosophy of oneness of mind [spirit] and body [material]. It teaches that a point, a line or a circle ends up all in one. Therefore, the poomsae Ilyeo represents the harmonization of spirit and body, which is the essence of martial art, after a long training of various types of techniques and spiritual cultivation for completion of Taekwondo practice.

28

ITF Poomsae: ITF HQ: Seoul, S. Korea Belt Color Poomsae Name Poomsae Meaning Seconds Movement

s White Chon Ji Hyung Means Heaven and Earth. It is in the

Orient interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history; therefore it is the initial pattern for beginners. It consists of 2 similar parts one representing Heaven and the other representing Earth.

30 19

Yellow Dan Gun Hyung Named after the Holy Dan Gun, legendary founder of Korea in the year 2333 BC.

30 21

Senior Yellow

Do San Hyung The pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang Ho (1876-1938) who devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its independent movement.

35 24

Green Belt Won Hyo Hyung The noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Shilla Dynasty in the year 686 AD.

40 28

Senior Green

Yul Gok Hyung The pseudonym of the great philosopher and scholar Yi E (1536-1584) nicknamed the “Confucius of Korea.” The 38 movements refer to his birthplace on the 38th latitude.

45 38

Blue Belt Jhoon Gun Hyung Named after the patriot Ahn Jhoon Goon 40 32

who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part of the Korea-Japan merger. The 32 movements refer to Mr. Ahn’s age when he was executed at Lui-Shung Prison in 1910.

Senior Blue Toi Gye Hyung The penname of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century AD), an authority on Neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements refer to his birthplace on the 37th latitude.

45 37

ITF Poomsae (continued): ITF HQ: Seoul, S. Korea Red Belt Hwa Rang Hyung Named after the Hwa-Rang youth group,

which originated in the Shilla Dynasty about 1400 years ago. This group eventually became the driving force for the unification of the 3 kingdoms of Korea (Koguryo, Baek Je, Shilla). The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division where Tae Kwon Do developed into maturity.

40 29

Senior Red Choong Moo Hyung

The name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon Sin of the Yi Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armored battleship (KuBook Sun) which was the precursor to the modern day submarine in 1592. This pattern ends with a left hand attack to symbolize his regrettable death. He was noted for his unrestrained loyalty to the king.

40 30

1st Black Kwang Gae Hyung Named after the famous Gwang-Gae T’o-Wang, the 19th king of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The 39 movements refer to his 39-yr reign.

N/A 39

1st Black Po Eun Hyung The pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400 AD) who was a famous poet and whose poem “I Would Not Serve A Second Master, Though I Might Be Crucified A Hundred Times” is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram (-) represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.

N/A 36

1st Black Gae Baek Hyung Named after Ge Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660) AD.

N/A 44

2nd Black Eui Am Hyung The pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements in this form relate to his age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Eastern School) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The pattern represents Son's indomitable spirit displayed by his dedication to the liberation of his country.

N/A 45

2nd Black Choong Jang The pseudonym given to General Kim N/A 52

Hyung Duk Ryang who lived during the Yi Dynasty, 14th century. This pattern ends with a left hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity.

ITF Poomsae (continued): ITF HQ: Seoul, S. Korea 2nd Black Ko Dang Hyung The pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man

Sik who devoted his life to the independence movement and the education of his people. The 39 movements in this form signify number of times he was imprisoned, and his birthplace on the 39th parallel.

N/A 39

3rd Black Sam Il Hyung Denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea, which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements symbolize the 33 patriots who planned the movement.

N/A 33

3rd Black Yoo Sin Hyung Named after General Kin Yoo Sin, a commanding general during the Silla Dynasty. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 AD the year Korea was unified. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn to the right rather than the left side, symbolizing Yoo sin's mistake of following his king's orders to fight with foreign force against his own nation.

N/A 68

3rd Black Choi Young Hyung Named after General Choi Young, Premier and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces during the 14th Century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Young was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. His subordinate commanders, headed by General Yi Sung Gae executed General Choi. Yi became the first King of the Yi Dynasty.

N/A 46

4th Black Yon Gae Hyung Named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty. Yon Gae Somoon. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 AD the year he forced the Tang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 of their troops at Ansi Sung.

N/A 49

4th Black Ul Ji Hyung Named after general UL-JI Moon Dok who successfully defended Korea against a Tang's invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 AD, Ul-JI employing hit and run guerilla tactics was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The 42 movements represent the author's age

N/A 42

when he designed the pattern.

ITF Poomsae (continued): ITF HQ: Seoul, S. Korea 4th Black Moon Moo Hyung Honors the 30th king of the Silla

Dynasty. His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King's Rock). According to his will, the body was placed in the sea "Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese". It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The 61 movements symbolize the last two figures of 661 when Moon Moo came to the throne.

N/A 61

5th Black So San Hyung The pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyong Ung (1520 - 1604) during the Lae Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organised a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Sa Myung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsula in 1592.

N/A 72

6th Black Se Jeong Hyung Named after the greatest Korean King, Se-Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443, and was also a noted meteorologist. The 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet.

N/A 24

7th Black Tong Il Hyung Denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which has been divided since 1945.

N/A 56

There are 24 patterns in ITF to represent each hour of the day