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Transcript of TNP ANG FINAL.xpress - unfccc.org.mkunfccc.org.mk/content/Documents/TNP_ANG_FINAL.web.pdf · 7 3.4....
Project personnel for coordination of the process:
National climate change focal point:
National GHG Inventory
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate and Climate Scenarios
Water resources
Agriculture
Biodiversity
Forestry
Human Health
Tourism
Climate Change and Cultural Heritage
Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
Chief Technical Advisor
Climate change mitigation consultant
Energy and Transport
Waste
Agriculture
Compilation of the SNC
Design:
Print:
LIST OF EXPERTS:
NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMMITTEE
Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
on Climate change
Macedonian Academy of Sciences and ArtsResearch Center for Energy, Informatics and Materials
Office of the Vice President of the Government responsible for economic issues
Ministry of Economy
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy
Ministry of Culture
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Education and Science
Ministry of Transport and Communications Dragance Jovev
Ministry of Finance
Secretariat for European Affairs
Economic Chamber of Macedonia, Administrative Office of the Economic Chamber of Macedonia
National Hydro Meteorological Service
Crisis Management Centre
Macedonian Red Cross
ZELS - Association of units of local self-government of the Republic of Macedonia
Tehnolab
Climate Reaction Network
Regional Environmental Center
State Statistical Office
Ministry of Health
Institute of public health
Institute of Occupational Medicine
ABBREVIATIONS
AR4BAUCCPPCHPCNGCOPCORINAIR
CORINECSCDALYDNADOCEEETSEUFAOFNCFODFPGCMGDDGDPGEFGHGGISGIZ
HACCPHPPIBRDICEIM-MANU
IPAIPARD
IPCC Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change
IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention Control
IRRJICAJRCLPGLULUCFMAFWEMBTMOEPPMSWNAMANCCCNDENEAPNGONPVNWMP
PPPV Photovoltaic
QELRCand Reduction Commitment
R&DRDFRESSESEEFCCA
SEEVCCCSMESNCSoVISRESTNATNCUNDPUNEPUNFCCC
on Climate Change
USAIDUVWHOWMOWMRsZELS
UNITS
EURGWhktktoem3
MEURMKDMtMWNm3
GREENHOUSE GASES
CH4
COCO2
HFCNMVOCNOxPFC
SF6
SOx
6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
National Climate Change Committee 4
Abbreviations 5
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 111.1. Country profile 11
1.2. National greenhouse gas inventory 12
1.3. Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change 12
1.3.1. Climate variability 12
1.3.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100 13
1.3.3. Sectoral vulnerability and adaptation analyses 13
1.4. Mitigation 16
1.5. Other relevant information 18
2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 212.1. Country profile 21
2.1.1. Geography 21
2.1.2. Biodiversity 21
2.1.3. Climate 22
2.1.4. Population 23
2.1.5. Health 23
2.1.6. Politics 24
2.1.7. Economy 24
2.1.8. Energy 25
2.1.9. Transport 26
2.1.10. Industry 27
2.1.11. Agriculture 27
2.1.12. Forestry 27
2.1.13. Tourism 28
2.2. Climate change-related institutional and policy framework 28
2.3. National and regional development priorities and objectives 29
2.3.1. National context of climate change policy 29
2.3.2. International context of climate change policy 29
3. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 313.1. Introduction: National greenhouse gas inventory 31
3.1.1. Scope 31
3.1.2. Institutional arrangements 31
3.1.3. Sources of information and the inventory process 32
3.2. Summary of GHG emissions 33
3.3. Sectoral inventories 35
3.3.1. Energy sector 35
3.3.2. Industrial processes 37
3.3.3. Solvent and other product use 39
3.3.4. Agriculture 39
3.3.5. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) 40
3.3.6. Waste 41
7
3.4. Key source analysis 42
3.5. Uncertainty estimation 43
3.6. Problems encountered and solutions implemented 44
3.6.1. Energy sector 44
3.6.2. Industrial processes 44
3.6.3. Agriculture 45
3.6.4. LULUCF 45
3.6.5. Waste 45
3.7. Recommendations for future improvement 46
3.7.1. Energy sector 46
3.7.2. Industrial processes and solvent use 46
3.7.3. Agriculture 46
3.7.4. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) 47
3.7.5. Waste 47
4. VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 494.1. National climate and climate change scenarios 49
4.1.1. Climate variability 49
4.1.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100 54
4.2. Sectoral vulnerability and adaptation analyses 57
4.2.1. Water resources 58
4.2.2. Agriculture 64
4.2.3. Biodiversity 71
4.2.4. Forestry 74
4.2.5. Human health 77
4.2.6. Tourism 79
4.2.7. Cultural heritage 81
4.2.8. Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks – A regional assessment 83
4.3. Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks – A regional assessment 85
4.3.1. Water resources 85
4.3.2. Agriculture 85
4.3.3. Biodiversity 86
4.3.4. Forestry sector 86
4.3.5. Human health 86
4.4. Constraints and gaps in vulnerability assessments 87
4.5. Opportunities and constraints in the implementation of adaptation measures 87
5. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION 895.1. Introduction 89
5.2. Mitigation analysis in the energy sector 90
5.2.1. Baseline scenario in the energy sector 90
5.2.2. Mitigation measures in the energy sector 93
5.2.3. Transport 97
5.2.4. Industry 99
5.3. Mitigation analysis in the waste sector 100
5.3.1. Baseline scenario in the waste sector 100
5.3.2. Mitigation measures in the waste sector 100
8
5.3.3. 103
5.4. Mitigation analysis in the agriculture sector 104
5.4.1. Mitigation measures in the agriculture sector 105
5.4.2. Summary of mitigation measures in the agriculture sector 111
5.5. Summary of GHG emissions projections 113
5.6. Other aspects of climate change mitigation 115
5.7. Follow-up activities 115
5.7.1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 116
6. COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE 1196.1. Information and Networking 119
6.2. Public awareness and outreach 121
6.2.1. Public awareness 121
6.2.2. Public outreach 121
6.3. Summary of the “Climate Change Communication Strategy and Action Plan” 122
7. OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION 1277.1. Technology transfer 127
7.2. Systematic observation 127
7.3. Research and development 128
7.4. Relevant policies 129
7.4.1. Relevant institutions 129
7.4.2. R&D projects related to climate change 131
7.4.3. Education 131
7.5. Capacity strengthening 133
7.5.1. Capacity strengthening projects 133
7.5.2. Capacity strengthening through the National Communications Process 133
7.5.3. Capacity strengthening needs 146
7.6. Financial resources and technical support 136
ANNEX 1: LIST OF NAMAS SUBMITTED AS A PART OF THE COPENHAGEN ACCORD 139
ANNEX 2: POTENTIAL ADAPTATION MEASURES 141
ANNEX 3: CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACT INDICATORS FOR BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES 153
Climate change-related research projects in the Republic of Macedonia funded through the 6th and 7th EU Framework Programmes (FP6 and FP7) 155
Climate change-related projects in the Republic of Macedonia funded through the EU Pre-Accession Instrument (IPA), 2007-2013 157
Projects Related to Climate Changes and Environment Funded by the EU TEMPUS Programme, 2010-2013 157
Selected climate change-related publications by Macedonian researchers, 2006-2013 158
ANNEX V: RECOMMENDATIONS DERIVING FROM THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL
11
1.1. COUNTRY PROFILE
topographyLand use
biodiversity
climate
precipitation
population
life expectancy
-
politicalsystem economy
agriculture1
-
climate change institutions
-
1
1EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
12
legislation
development priorityacquis communautaire
1.2. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY
-
1.3. VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
1.3.1. Climate variability
-
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-
1.3.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100
1.3.3.Sectoral vulnerability and adaptation analyses
Water resources
-
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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agriculture
-
-
livestock breeding
viticulture
-
-
biological diversity carried out
-
Pedicularis ferdinandi, Crocus cvijicii Trechusgoebli QuercusCoccifera
-ex situ
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The forestry
-
human health
-
-
tourism
-
cultural heritage
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
16
socio-economic vulnerability
-
constraints and gaps-
priority adaptation measures
1.4. MITIGATION
.acquis communautaire -
-
energy
-
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
18
1.5. OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
technology transfer
systematic observation -
Current research and development (R&D)
-
Climate change education -
public awareness
public outreach
information and networking -
Capacity strengthening
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o
2.1.4. Population
-
Year Population (thousands)
2.1.5. Health
Year Population (thousands)
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
5 5
Current account
2.1.8. Energy
NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
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Coal and peat
Crude oil
Oil products
Natural gas Nuclear Hydro
Geo-thermal,
solar, etc.
Bio-fuels and waste Electricity Heat Total
Total 114 0 818 41 0 0 10 199 584 54 1820
5
Other
Residential 2 0 43 0 0 0 0 179 278 34 536Commercial and public servicesp 2 0 73 2 0 0 1 14 130 13 234
Agriculture/ forestryf y 0 0 16 0 0 0 8 1 1 0 27
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
-of which petrochemical feedstocksf
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.1.9. Transport
-
-
5
5
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-
2.1.10. Industry
2.1.11. Agriculture
-
2.1.12. Forestry
-
and
NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
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2.1.13. Tourism
-
Wine tourismNature based tourism (summer)
Nature based tourism (winter)
Cultural tourism (tangible)
Cultural tourism (intangible)
2.2.
-
The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP) -
-
Climate Change Project Office National Climate Change Committee
National Council for Sustainable Development
Law on Environment
-
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-
acquis communautaire related to climate
2.3. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES AND OBJECTIVES
2.3.1. National context of climate change policy
-
Acquis Communautaire
2.3.2. International context of climate change policy
acquis communautaire
31
This chapter is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=246
3.1. INTRODUCTION: NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY
3.1.1. Scope
-
Country-Specific Emission Factors key source categories
3.1.2. Institutional arrangements
-
long-term sustainability and transparency of the inventory process
Enterer -Checker
3NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY
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National Climate Change Committee
-
private sector -
direct contact with these installations-
3.1.3. Sources of information and the inventory process
-
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3.2. SUMMARY OF GHG EMISSIONS
-
1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total CO5
Total CO
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
CO
3.3. SECTORAL INVENTORIES
3.3.1. Energy sector
-
Coal mining and handling
1 International aviation
1
1
-
-
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
CO
CH
O
CO
C
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Energy Industries 6,288 6,222 6,417 5,588 5,754 6,040 5,922
Manufacturing Industry and Construction 632 549 1,136 1,133 1,369 1,205 805
Transport 1,168 1,012 1,018 1,018 1,165 1,200 1,294
Commercial / Institutional /
Residential / Agriculture / Forestry / Fishing
342 348 320 318 282 286 287
Other sectors 455 431 408 332 310 230 279
Fugitive emissions from fuels 183 177 171 168 173 201 184
Total 9,068 8,739 9,471 8,557 9,052 9,161 8,770
3.3.1.1.International aviation bunkers and CO2 emissions from biomass
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Industrial Processes and Product Use CO2-eq [%]
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
3.3.3. Solvent and other product use
-
3.3.4.Agriculture
CH enteric fermentationCH manure managementCH rice productionCH
agricultural soils.
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
CH
O
CO
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total Agriculture 1,733.51 1,787.87 1,581.21 1,676.00 1,498.88 1,404.94 1,322.27
3.3.5. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)
O -
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
CO removal
CH
O
CO
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The Forest landd Cropland remaining Croplandd(liming) -
3.3.6.Waste
CHCHCO
increase
country-specific value of 0.19,
(59.9%)
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY
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emitted include CO
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
CO
CH
O
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
CH 726.78 728.53 732.69 745.30 755.45 767.44 778.70
CH 46.44 49.77 48.43 46.32 44.29 44.54 40.96
CH 15.61 15.60 15.65 15.67 15.66 15.75 15.76
Total CH4 emissions (kt CO2-eq) 788.83 793.90 796.77 807.29 815.40 827.73 835.42
43.02 44.16 42.74 43.85 46.13 43.77 44.67
0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.77
Total N2O emissions (kt CO2-eq) 43.73 44.87 43.45 44.56 46.84 44.49 45.44
CO 64.91 65.07 65.18 65.28 63.95 65.65 65.99
Total emissions (kt CO2OO -eq) 832.56 838.77 840.22 851.85 862.24 872.22 880.86
3.4. KEY SOURCE ANALYSIS
-
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IPCC Source Category Sector Source Categories to be Assessed in Key Source Category Analysis
Applicable GHG
Number of years being a key category
COCO
CO CO
O
CHCH
COCO
CHCH
CO
COCO
CO CO
CHCH
CO
CO
CO
COCO
O
5
CH
COCO
3.5. UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION
-
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY
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CO2-eq
YEAR MAX MIN MEAN ST.DEV DEV/MEAN
2003 10.88%
2004 9.99%
2005 10.36%
2006 11.19%
2007 9.92%
2008 9.71%
2009 16.12%
3.6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTED
3.6.1.Energy sector
-
3.6.2.Industrial processes
-
-
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3.6.3.Agriculture
CH
/
-
3.6.4.LULUCF
-
Conversion of forest land to cropland, grassland or settlements and vice-versa was not taken into account.
The Forestry Inspectorate -
3.6.5.Waste
-
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country-specificc-
-
3.7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE IMPROVEMENT
3.7.1.Energy sector
Road transport:
Railway transportation: -
3.7.2.Industrial processes and solvent use
3.7.3.Agriculture
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3.7.4.Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)
-
3.7.5.Waste
49
2 2 -http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=245
4.1. NATIONAL CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: 7 http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=207
4.1.1. Climate variability
-
4.1.1.1. Temperature Analysis
Station Multi-year variation of average annual air temperature for the
period 1926 to 2012
Average mean annual temperature for the period
1961-1990for the whole period (1926-2012) compared to the average annual temperature for the period between
1961 and 1990C C C
C C CC C C C
4VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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cold waves and cold weather
frost days
Absolute minimum air temperatures
4.1.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: 7 http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=207
4.1.2.1.Introduction to the scenarios
-
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4.1.2.2.Findings – Air temperature
-
-
DJF /A MAM /A JJA /A SON /A Yeat/A
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
HighgMedium highgMediumMedium lowLow
DJF /A MAM /A JJA /A SON/A Yeat/A
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
2025
2050
2075
2100
Low 1 1 5 1 5Medium low 1 15 1Medium 15Medium highg 11 11 5 11Highg 5 5 5
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4.1.2.3. Findings - Precipitation
4.1.2.4.Summary Findings
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-
4.1.2.5.Comparison of findings with other projections
4.2.SECTORAL VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ANALYSES
-
--
--
--
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4.2.1.Water resources
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=259
-
located in the
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4.2.1.1. Climate change impacts on water resources
-
Air temperatureo
o
o
o
o
precipitation
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4.2.1.2. Vulnerability assessment for the Strumica River Basin
--
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-
-
-
4.2.1.3. Adaptive capacity in the water sector (SE Region)
nott
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4.2.1.4. Adaptation measures in the water resources sector
-
-
-
Construction/modification of physical infrastructure:
Policy:
Water-saving measures
Agricultural measures
Industrial measures:
Energy sector measures:
Preventive measures:Structural measures to avoid mudflows:
Other structural measures:Urban planning measures:
hydraulic hydrologic plan-ning
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Hydrology Model
Planning Model
4.2.2.Agriculture
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: 0 http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=260
-
4.2.2.1. Vulnerability assessment
-
-
4.2.2.2. Impacts on crop yields
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-
4.2.2.3. Economic impacts on agriculture
-
-
Conclusions for wheat
-
Conclusions for maize
-
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Conclusions for sunflower
-
4.2.2.4. Adaptive capacity in agriculture
-
-
-
4.2.2.5. Adaptation measures in agriculture
-
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-
-
4.2.2.7. Adaptive measures for livestock breeding
Genetically heat tolerant breeding animals:
Adoption of special feed and feeding techniques in periods of excessive heat:
Better housing conditions by adopting proper ventilation, in-house conditioning and installation of cooling systems:
Introduce continuous monitoring of farm productivity that can then be correlated with heat waves and high temperatures to ensure precise loss calculations:
Continuous measurement of GHG emissions
o
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4.2.2.8. Viticultire
Year Table grapes projected yield (tonnes/ha) Wine grapes projected yield (tonnes/ha)
11
Related to irrigation:
Related to the use of UV nets:
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4.2.3. Biodiversity
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: 5 http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=255
4.2.3.1.Climate change impacts on biodiversity
refugia16
-
Lowland belt.Thymus oehmianus, Ramonda nathaliae, Ramonda serbica, Adianthum
capillus-veneris Drosera rotundifolia, Blackstonia perfoliata, Cladium mariscus, Carex elata, Marsilea quadrifolia, Salvinia natansMountain belt.
Crocus cvijici Colchicum pieperianum Fritillaria macedonica Ranunculus degenii, Saxifraga stellaris . alpigena, Sphagnum spp., Crocus scardicus, Crocus pelistericus, Trollius europaeus, Salix retusa, Salix reticulata, Salix herbacea, Salix alpina, Rhododendron myrthifolium, Pedicularis ferdinandi, Rhododendron ferrugineum, Empetrum nigrum, Loiseleuria procumbens, Dryas octopetala, Listera cordata
Ranunculus degeniii Silene pusilla SphagnumDojran Lake. Phragmites australis
Myriophyllo-Nupharetum Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, and Salvinia natansPrespa Lake. Aldrovanda vesiculosa Salvinia natans and Trapa natansOhrid Lake. Carex elata Senecio paludosus Ranunculus lingua.
Refugium/ Refugiachange
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4.2.3.3. Modelling vulnerability of biodiversity to climate change
Crocus cvijicii andi Pedicularis ferdinandi Trechus goeblii matchaixero-termophilous
A1B scenario
Plant species
Pinus mugo
Pedicularis ferdinandi
Crocus cvijiciii Pedicularis ferdinandi Crocus cvijiciii
Quercus cocciferaa
Animal species
Trechus goebli
Dinaromys bogdanovii , Dendrocopus syriacus , Trechus goebli and Paradeltomerus paradoxus
Testudo graeca , Coluber najadum Burrhinus oedicnemus , Buteo rufinus , Podarcis taurica
, Vormela peregusna . Testudo graeca, Coluber najadum, Buteo rufinus and Vormela
peregusnaBurrhinus oedicnemus and Podarcis taurica
Montifringilla nivalis
Hirundo rusticaa Delichon urbicaaNeophron percnopterus Ciconia ciconiaa
Vanellus vanellus , Triturus vulgaris , Rana balcanica , Diacyclops pelagonicus and Lycaena dispar
4.2.3.4.Identified constraints and gaps
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4. Ex situu
;
-
4.2.3.5. Adaptation measures in biodiversity
to prevent excessive loss of biodiversity in the Republic of Macedonia during this century due to the climate change impacts
4.2.4.Forestry
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=254
4.2.4.1.Impacts and exposure in the forestry sector
Increasing temperatures:
Increasing frequency of forest fires:
Changes in forest productivity:
-
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4.2.4.2.Vulnerability of the forest sector to climate change
-
Forest management planning:
Forest utilization:
Forest protection:
Hunting and tourism:
Silviculture:
-
4.2.4.3. Forest health
-
-Pinus peuce
-
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Year
4.2.4.4. Forest productivity and carbon sequestration
-
-
4.2.4.5. Adaptation measures in the forestry sector
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4.2.5.Human health
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=256
4.2.5.1. Climate impacts on human health
Impact Consequence (pressures to the health system)
Probability of happening
Increased summer temperature, included heat waves
+ High
Warm periods/ heat waves
+ High
Increased average temperatures
Summer temperature p
+ High
Increase in average temperature
UVB radiation
Winter temperature + High
Winter temperature/cold waves
+ High
Extreme weather events medicine
+ High
Extreme weather events moderateExtreme weather events
Temperature and rainfall moderate
Increased average temperatures moderate
Summer temperature
Summer temperaturep moderateExtreme weather events
Extreme weather events
-
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-
4.2.5.2.Adaptive capacity in the health sector
Aedes aegyptii -
-
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4.2.5.3.Adaptation measures in the health sector
4.2.6.Tourism
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=258
-
“sensitively developed, sustainable ecosystems provide a way to raise public awareness of national parks and biodiversity, while providing income for their upkeep”
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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4.2.6.1. Impacts and vulnerability in the tourism sector
-
--
“the altitude above sea level on which between December 16 and April 15 enough snow for skiing on at least hundred days is avail--aable.”
Ski Resort Height Risk from 2°C increased mean temperature*
-
4.2.6.2. Adaptation measures in the tourism sector
-
th
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
81
--
Research
Advocacy
Training
Risk Preparedness
4.2.7. Cultural heritage
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=284
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
82
4.2.7.1.Impacts and vulnerability related to cultural heritage
-
-
--
Skopje Aqueduct:
Stobi Archaeological Site:
Plaosnik Archaeological Site in Ohrid:
-
4.2.7.2. Policies and measures to adapt to climate change in the cultural heritage sector
-
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83
-
-
-
4.2.8.Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks – A regional assessment
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: 7 http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=257
-
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
84
Municipality
Bogd
anci
Bosi
lovo
Vala
ndov
o
Vasi
levo
Gevg
elija
Dojra
n
Novo
Sel
o
Rado
viš
Stru
mic
a
1
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
85
-
-
Municipality SoVI Level of Social vulnerability
High
High
High
4.3. INNOVATIVE ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN RELATED TO VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION
4.3.1. Water resources
4.3.2. Agriculture
-
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
86
4.3.3. Biodiversity
4.3.4. Forestry sector
“Development of Integrated System for Prevention and Early Warning of Forest Fires”
4.3.5. Human health
-
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4.4. CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS IN VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS
Data availability, consistency and transparency:-
Scenario development for extreme weather events and seasonal forecasting:
Institutional Structures:
Research:-
Human capacity:
4.5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION MEASURES
-
-
-
89
-
5.1. INTRODUCTION
-
acquis communautaire
possible GHG emissions limitation/reduction targets
measures/activitiesHow costly
non-energy sectorsinvolve stakeholders
joint and cooperative action
acquis communautaire
5CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
90
5.2. MITIGATION ANALYSIS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=271
-
-
5.2.1. Baseline scenario in the energy sector
Indicator
CO
The following results from the analysis are of note:
-
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93
-
2011 2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 2029 2032 2035 2038 2041 2044 2047 2050
Agriculture
Commercial
Industry
Power Sector
Residential
Transport
Total
5.2.2. Mitigation measures in the energy sector
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
94
2021 o 2028 2029 to 2036 2037 to 2044 2045 to 2052 QELRC _LowQELRC _MediumLowQELRC _MediumQELRC _MediumHighQELRC _High
BAU Deviation
2020 2028 2036 2044 2052BAUdev_LowBAUdev_MediumBAUdev_High
Cumulative emissions:Cumulative total system costs:Incremental specific reduction cost:
satisfactory mitigation scenario
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95
AMBITION LEVEL
Low Medium High
EU
QELRC
BAUdev
Colour code: Good Acceptable Poor
5.2.2.1. Energy supply with a focus on electricity
and
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
96
TechnologyInstalled capacity (MW) Lump Sum
Investment (MEUR 2012)2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 2029 2032 2035 2038 2041 2044 2047 2050
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - -
-
- - - - - - - - - - -
-
-
Reduction- - - -
TOTALTT 84,6 203,3 684,6 49,0 184,4 69,1 261,4 413,7 136,6 627,5 36,3 90,9 714,7 5.928
5.2.2.2. Buildings
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97
-
5.2.3. Transport
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=273
Measure 1: Introduction of low carbon fuels:
acquis communautaire
-
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
98
Measure 2: Awareness raising campaigns:
Measure 3: Improvement of travel behaviour:
Measure 4: Improvement of vehicle fleet:
Measure 5: Advancement of vehicle equipment:
-
Mitigation potential and cost-effectiveness
-
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
99
Mitigation option
EUR/ tCO2
Unit type
Emission reduction
(tCO2/ unit)
Units penetrating in
2020
Emissions reduction in 2020
Per option (Mt/ year)
Cumulative (Mt/ year)
Cumulative fraction of the projected baseline
level in 2020 (%)
5.2.4. Industry
--
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
100
5.3. MITIGATION ANALYSIS IN THE WASTE SECTOR
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. 0 The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=270
-
-
5.3.1. Baseline scenario in the waste sector
-
5.3.2. Mitigation measures in the waste sector
-
For the wastewater treatment sector for households -
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101
For the wastewater treatment sector for industry, -
Measure 1: Closing and covering the existing non-compliant landfills followed by gas extraction and flaring: The current
Measure 2: Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills:
Measure 3: Aerobic treatment (composting) in new landfills:
-
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
102
Measure 4: Anaerobic treatment of organic waste: -
Measure 5: The production of RDF:
Facility New regional 1
Gas extraction 1
Composting plant2
Anaerobic digestion2
MBT plant1
RDF plant1
Capacity (t/y) 150.000 t/y. 500 m3/h 150.000 t/y.mixed waste
150.000 t/y.mixed waste 150.000 t/y. 51.000 t/y.
selected wasteInvestment costs (EUR)( ) 3.594.444 590.859 5.481.714 12.649.226 27.768.889 2.407.516
Operational costs (EUR)( ) 212.011 53.977 567.155 1.163.193 1.502.592 561.632
Investment unit price (EUR/t)( ) 23,96 3,93 36,54 84,34 185,13 16,05
Operational unit price (EUR/t)( ) 0,81 0,36 3,79 7,76 10,00 3,73
1
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
103
5.3.3. Mitigation scenarios
-
Scenario Costs (2012 MEUR)
Expected cumulative emissions (kt CO2-eq)
Cumulative GHG reduction
(kt CO2-eq)
Marginal abatement costs (EUR/t
CO2-eq reduced)
/ /First scenario:
Second scenario:
Third scenario:
Fourth scenario:
-
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
104
-
Mitigation activity Expected results
Financial support for
Implantation Indicators sources Risks
Lump sum investment (MEUR
2012)
Reduction Private in t CO 1
in t CO5
Reduction in t CO
reduction in t CO
5.4.MITIGATION ANALYSIS IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=274
-
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
105
-
-
5.4.1. Mitigation measures in the agriculture sector
-
5.4.1.1. Measure 1: Increase in organic farming
O and CH
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
106
-
CO2-eq [kt] Mitigated per year with organic crop production
2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2030
Cereals
Fodder Crops
Industrial crops
Oilseeds
Orchards
Vineyards
Vegetables
Fallow - - - - - - - - -
Total
5.4.1.2. Measure 2: Livestock management for less GHG-intensive enteric fermentation
-
-
T1 Enteric Fermentation 2014 2020 2030
Total CH
Total CO
T2 Enteric Fermentation 2014 2020 2030
Total CH
Total CO
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
107
propionate precursors and probiotics.
Trend line for livestock mix
Total GHG emissions (kt) - Baseline
GHG reduction with measure
Total costs (EUR)
GHG reduction
Measure: Propionate precursors
Trend line T1
Measure: Probiotics
Trend line T1
-only if the Government gives adequate
subsidies
5.4.1.3. Measure 3: Improved crop residues management
-
-
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
108
5.4.1.4. Measure 4: Improved sprinkler and drip irrigation
CO
-
-
5.4.1.5. Measure 5: Altering tillage techniques
-
Soil technique/Scenario
Emissions (kg CO2-eq per ha-year)
Sequestered (kg CO2-eq per ha-year)
Cumulative emissions until 2030 (kt CO2-eq)
Cumulative sequestration until
2030 (kt CO2-eq)Conventional tillage
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
109
5.4.1.6. Measure 6: Improved management of fertilizers
-
-
Type of measure Crop Land
(ha)
Reduc-tion potential (kg/
ha)
N2O-N reduc-tion (t)
N2O reduction (t)
N2O reduction (kt)
Cumulative N2O under BAU (kt)
Cumulative N2O reduction
(kt)
manureand
5.4.1.7. Measure 7: Improved manure management
-
CH
daily spread of manures and compostinganaerobic digestion and covered lagoon system
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
110
5.4.1.8. Measure 8: Production of biogas from farming
-
-
Scenario 1:
Scenario 2:
Scenario 3:
Scenario 4:
-
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
111
5.4.2. Summary of mitigation measures in the agriculture sector
Mitigation activity Expected resultsFinancial
support for implantation
Indicators sources Risks
Lump sum investment
(MEUR 2012)*
Increase in organic agriculture
area --
(note: Cumulative area on what is practiced organic production is ex-pected to be 30,400 ha to 2030.)
organic agricul-ture
-
are not concurrent due
--
- organic agricul-ture CO
-
convert to organic agri-
-
Organic material and
-
-organic agricul-
-
Improved livestock management for less GHG-intensive enteric fermentation
- -
-
-
Improved manure management-- -
ventional manure management
The annual amount -
-
- --
- The annual amount --
-
--
-
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
112
Mitigation activity Expected resultsFinancial
support for implantation
Indicators sources Risks
Lump sum investment
(MEUR 2012)*
Improved crop residues management- - 1
-
-
--
Improved sprinkler and drip irrigation
-CO
--
--
- 11
CO -
--
CO
--
-
-
--
-
-
CO
Altering tillage techniques-
-
-
--
COManagement of fertilizers
land
-
-
- --
--
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
115
5.6. OTHER ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
-
Jobs, R&D and innovation, and accountability for social aspects
The
Institutional arrangements
-
-
5.7.
Analytical workRefining of constraints and assumptions
Estimation of job creation potential
Impact analyses of different policy instruments
mitigation scenarios for non-ETS emissions
to identify the waste composition for the whole country
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
116
Institutional/regulatory measures
Crosscutting
Inventory team structure
Awareness raisingRaising awareness of national policy-makers from different sectors
participatory approach in decision-makingand behavioural changesThe overall mitigation action extended to the regional level
5.7.1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)
-
Urban NAMA for the City of Skopje – Transport sector:
Urban NAMA for the City of Skopje – Energy sector:
-
119
This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: xhttp://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=214&Control=Documents.ascx
-
6.1. INFORMATION AND NETWORKING
6COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
120
-
Over the course of the preparation of the TNC, a number of networking events took place. These are described below:
Donor coordination in climate change area: -
Sharing lessons learned from the National Communications between non-Annex I countries – National Communications Support Programme workshop, Istanbul 2012: -
Environmental Centre in Belgrade, R. Serbia: -
Recent Developments in Regional Policies on Mitigating GHG Emissions from the Waste Sector
9th Annual Meeting of Environmental Civil Society Organisations: th th
Support for preparation of the Roadmap for introduction of the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of the GHG emissions under EU ETS in the country:
Regional Environmental Network for Accession (RENA):
South Eastern European Forum on Climate Change Adaptation:
-
Climate Eyes android application:
PRES Conference in Rhodes, Greece: th
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
121
Third International Conference on Waste Management and Climate Change:
6.2.PUBLIC AWARENESS AND OUTREACH
6.2.1. Public awareness
-
nott -
6.2.2. Public outreach
COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
122
6.3.SUMMARY OF THE “CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN”
-
– the city theworkplace the household
--
-
A cost-effective action plan –
A thorough understanding of the target audience(s) –
Clearly defined desirable outcomes – or QQT -
Sticky messages –
The right mix of communications tools – -
Quality, Quantity, Time.
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
123
Simple and systematic monitoring – --
that is actually implementedd
Description Target Audience
Proposed Implementing
entityIndicative Cost Items Indicators of success
1climate change communication
-ternal communica-
via the media
5
change communi-
--
-
climate change communication
-- - -
-
-
-
government manual on climate change
--
-tion
-
-lence in local government man-agement
--
-
COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
124
Description Target Audience
Proposed Implementing
entityIndicative Cost Items Indicators of success
--
-
-
11 --
--
climate relevant -
--
Commerce-
climate change mitigation and ad-
--
International
-
Commerce
-
Dedicated training --
International -
-
Commerce
- -tion
-
15 Promote climate
--
--
climate changeg
- --
- -
- -
Climate Change -
-
-
-
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
125
Works cited:
TNS opinion & social
TNS Opinion & Social.
127
7OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
7.1. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
The Technology Mechanism
The Expert Group on Technology Transfer
-
-
-
7.2. SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
128
General support:
Lack of staff:
Lack of funding: Lack of fundingg
Difficulties with maintenance of monitoring stations:
The lack of field vehicles:
Technical/equipment needs:
Data processing needs:
7.3. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
-
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
129
7.4. RELEVANT POLICIES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7.4.1. Relevant institutions
The Ministry of EconomyDepartment for Industrial
Policy Department for Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness of SMEs -
Ministry of Education and Science the Department for the Advancement of Science and Technological-Technical
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
130
Development -
Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning
The Ministry of Information Society and Administration
-
Regional Hub for Social Innovation
-Foundation Business Startup
Centre Bitola
The Foundation for Management and Industrial Research
--
Macedonia Innovation Centre-
The National Centre for Development of Innovation and Entrepreneurial Learning
Gauss Institute – Bitola
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
131
7.4.2.R&D projects related to climate change
EU Framework Programmesth th
EU pre-accession funding
TEMPUS
Joint Research Center
University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in
Goce Delcev Stip University --
National and international NGOs -
Macedonian Centre for Energy Efficiency(MACEF)
Centre forPromotion of Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Rural development (CEPROSARD)
7.4.3. Education
-
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
132
The Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje
Undergraduate level (BS)
Post-graduate Level (MS)
Doctoral Level (PhD)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius in Skopje
Undergraduate Level (BS)
Post-graduate Level (MS)
Doctoral Level (PhD)
Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University Ss Cyril and Methodius in Skopje
Undergraduate level (BS)
Post-graduate level (MS)
Faculty of Management of Ecological Resources, MIT University, Skopje (private)
Undergraduate level (BS)
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
133
7.5. CAPACITY STRENGTHENING
7.5.1. Capacity strengthening projects
7.5.2. Capacity strengthening through the National Communications Process
-
-
-
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
134
GHG inventory training and training for roster of experts and inventory review:
-
-
Mitigation assessment training:
Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): -
-tion in the region has
IPCC Expert Meeting on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and Software:
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
135
Training for usage of BioMa framework in the Joint Research Center (JRC) in Ispra, Italy:
-
Introducing climate change aspects in the protection of cultural heritage:
Training on the development of NAMAs: On
Climate Change Adaptation in Western Balkans
3rd Regional workshop on Energy Planning and Modelling of Energy Systems: The -
Training on climate change and gender aspects of climate change
Training of Trainers on Climate change and Municipal Adaptation Planning:
Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture Project carried out by RDN and funded by USAID -
Organization of informative workshop for journalists:
Climate change workshops for RDN members. -
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
136
Two results dissemination workshops
Climate Change Public Awareness stand and workshop at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food: th
--
10 separate on-site demonstrations and trainings
7.5.3. Capacity strengthening needs
7.6. FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
-
139
NAM
A nu
mbe
rGo
als
Actio
ns
I. GH
G em
issi
on re
duct
ion
in th
e el
ectri
c po
wer
sec
tor
I.1Ha
rmon
izatio
n an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of E
U le
gisl
atio
n in
Ene
rgy a
nd C
limat
eEU
Ene
rgy a
nd C
limat
e Pa
ckag
e;Li
bera
lizat
ion
of e
nerg
y mar
kets
(ele
ctric
ity a
nd g
as).
I.2En
surin
g st
abilit
y in
ene
rgy
supp
ly w
ith in
vest
men
t act
ivitie
s fo
r bu
ildin
g ne
w b
ig h
ydro
po
wer
pla
nts
HPP
Bosk
ov M
ost;
HPP
Galis
te;
HPP
Cebr
en.
I.3En
surin
g st
abilit
y in
ener
gy su
pply
with
inve
stm
ent a
ctivi
ties f
or b
uild
ing
new
ther
mal
pow
er
plan
ts o
n ga
sCH
P Sk
opje
230
MW
;CC
gas
(200
-300
MW
).I.4
Incr
easin
g th
e sh
are
of re
new
able
ene
rgy i
n th
e en
ergy
sect
orSm
all h
ydro
pow
er p
lant
s;W
ind
pow
er p
lant
s;Bi
omas
s ele
ctric
ity a
nd P
V pa
nels
.I.5
Build
ing
plan
ts fo
r pro
duct
ion
of C
HP;
Mea
sure
s for
redu
cing
the
loss
es in
tran
smiss
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
of e
lect
ricity
;
Anim
atio
n of
inte
rest
ed in
vest
ors w
ith fa
vour
able
lega
l reg
ulat
ions
and
tax r
elie
f;
II. G
HG e
mis
sion
s re
duct
ion
in th
e in
dust
rial e
nerg
y tra
nsfo
rmat
ion
and
heat
ing
sect
ors
II.1
Redu
ctio
n of
the
use
of ca
rbon
inte
nsive
fuel
sRe
plac
emen
t of c
oal w
ith li
quid
or g
aseo
us fu
els;
Repl
acem
ent o
f liq
uid
fuel
s with
gas
eous
fuel
s.II.
2
Inst
alla
tion
of m
easu
rem
ent-
regu
latio
n eq
uipm
ent a
nd a
utom
atic
cont
rol s
yste
ms;
Impr
ovem
ents
of t
he p
erfo
rman
ces o
f the
ther
mal
cycle
;
II.3
Incr
easin
g of
the
cont
ribut
ion
of re
new
able
ene
rgy s
ourc
es in
the
coun
try’s
ener
gy b
alan
ceUt
ilizat
ion
of w
aste
bio
mas
s as a
n en
ergy
sour
ce a
nd a
s a ra
w m
ater
ial f
or p
rodu
ctio
n of
briq
uette
s and
pel
lets
;
Revit
aliza
tion
of o
ther
syst
ems o
n ge
othe
rmal
ene
rgy;
ANNE
X 1:
LI
ST O
F NA
MAS
SUB
MIT
TED
AS A
PAR
T OF
THE
COP
ENHA
GEN
ACCO
RD
ANNEX 1
140
NAM
A nu
mbe
rGo
als
Actio
ns
II.4
Redu
ctio
n of
ene
rgy c
onsu
mpt
ion
in th
e ho
useh
olds
with
mea
sure
s of e
nerg
y sav
ing;
Redu
ctio
n of
ele
ctric
ity u
se fo
r hea
ting;
Intro
duct
ion
of m
easu
rem
ent e
quip
men
t and
char
ging
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith co
nsum
ptio
n.III
. GHG
em
issi
ons
redu
ctio
n in
tran
spor
t
III.1
III.2
Impr
ovem
ent o
f pub
lic a
nd in
ter-
city t
rans
port
Sync
hron
izatio
n of
the
road
sign
aliza
tion
in th
e to
wns
;In
trodu
ctio
n of
ele
ctro
nic p
ay to
ll ch
argi
ng;
III. 3
Harm
oniza
tion
of n
atio
nal l
egisl
atio
n re
gard
ing
the
trans
port
sect
or w
ith E
U di
rect
ives
EU E
nerg
y and
Clim
ate
Pack
age
(bio
fuel
s);
Regu
latio
n on
fuel
s qua
lity i
n ac
cord
ance
with
EU
norm
s.IV
. GHG
em
issi
ons
redu
ctio
n in
the
was
te s
ecto
r
IV.1
IV.2
Cons
truct
ion
of re
gion
al so
lid w
aste
disp
osal
site
s.IV
.32O)
em
issio
nsIm
plem
enta
tion
of le
gal m
easu
res f
or re
stric
tion
of e
cono
mic
activ
ities
that
inclu
de u
ncon
trolle
d bu
rnin
g of
was
te;
Raisi
ng p
ublic
aw
aren
ess f
or re
stric
tion
of u
ncon
trolle
d bu
rnin
g of
was
te.
IV.4
Redu
ctio
n of
met
hane
em
issio
ns fr
om w
aste
wat
erEx
pans
ion
of th
e w
aste
wat
er tr
eatm
ent p
lant
net
wor
k.V.
GHG
em
issi
ons
redu
ctio
n in
agr
icul
ture
and
fore
stry
V.1
Tran
spos
ition
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
EU
Com
mon
Agr
icultu
ral P
olicy
(CAP
) leg
islat
ion
Com
plet
ion
of in
stitu
tiona
l and
lega
l ref
orm
s in
the
irrig
atio
n se
ctor
;In
crea
sing
of in
stitu
tiona
l and
indi
vidua
l cap
aciti
es fo
r app
licat
ions
for a
vaila
ble
EU fu
nds;
Deve
lopm
ent o
f sys
tem
for a
pplic
atio
n of
Goo
d Ag
ricul
tura
l Pra
ctice
s;Fi
nanc
ial s
uppo
rt fo
r mot
ivatin
g fa
rmer
s to
use
miti
gatio
n te
chno
logi
es.
V.2
Intro
duct
ion/
dev
elop
men
t of G
HG m
itiga
tion
tech
nolo
gies
in a
gricu
lture
Rese
arch
supp
ort p
rogr
am fo
r dev
elop
men
t of n
ew m
itiga
tion
tech
nolo
gies
and
tran
sfer
of e
xistin
g on
es;
Prog
ram
me
for i
ntro
duct
ion
of p
ract
ices t
hat u
se a
gricu
lture
pot
entia
l for
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y and
carb
on se
ques
tratio
n;Pr
ogra
mm
atic
CDM
pro
ject
sV.
3Tr
aini
ng fo
r CDM
pot
entia
l in
agric
ultu
re;
Trai
ning
for p
repa
ratio
n of
CDM
doc
umen
tatio
n.V.
4Ed
ucat
ion
(of e
xper
ts/ f
arm
ers/
dec
ision
mak
ers)
for
appl
icatio
n of
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res/
te
chno
logi
es in
agr
icultu
reCu
rrent
curri
cula
and
sylla
bi u
pgra
ded
with
clim
ate
chan
ge m
itiga
tion
issue
s;Tr
aini
ng o
f far
mer
s for
ado
ptin
g ne
w te
chno
logi
es;
Fam
iliariz
atio
n of
pub
lic a
nd in
stitu
tions
with
the
prob
lem
of c
limat
e ch
ange
miti
gatio
n.V.
5Im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e na
tiona
l stra
tegi
c doc
umen
ts in
fore
stry
Fo
rest
atio
n an
d re
-for
esta
tion;
Prev
entio
n of
ille
gal c
ut.
141
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
Polic
yen
terp
rises
Long
-ter
m
High
bud
get
XX
X
Impl
emen
tatio
n te
chno
logy
for r
e-us
e of
wat
er
Polic
yen
terp
rises
Med
ium
-ter
m
Med
ium
bud
get
aspe
ct
XX
X
Inve
ntor
y and
GIS
map
ping
the
exist
ing
wel
ls fo
r gr
ound
wat
er u
se
Polic
yw
ater
man
agem
ent e
nter
prise
s Sh
ort-
term
Lo
w b
udge
tLo
w p
ublic
aw
aren
ess
XX
Cons
truct
ion
syst
em fo
r int
er-b
asin
wat
er tr
ansf
er
Polic
ym
anag
emen
t ent
erpr
ises
Long
-ter
m
High
bud
get
Inte
rnat
iona
l fun
ding
pr
ogra
ms
XX
X
Rive
r bas
in m
anag
emen
t pla
n de
velo
pmen
t in
cludi
ng co
njun
ctive
sur
face
and
gro
undw
ater
su
ppl y
Po
licy
mun
icipa
litie
s Sh
ort-
term
M
ediu
m b
udge
tX
XX
GIS
haza
rd e
vent
s m
appi
ng a
nd ri
sk m
anag
emen
t Po
licy
Shor
t-te
rm
Med
ium
bud
get
Lack
of
data
X
XX
XX
XX
man
a gem
ent e
nter
prise
sSh
ort-
term
M
ediu
m b
udge
tFi
nanc
esX
XX
XX
X
Floo
d ea
rly w
arni
ng sy
stem
Po
licy
publ
ic he
alth
Long
term
the
plan
)
Lim
ited
inte
rest
and
un
ders
tand
ing
o f n
atur
e of
the
prob
lem
; Cur
rent
pr
actic
e: w
ait f
or th
e im
pact
then
reac
t
X
X
X
X
ANNE
X 2:
PO
TENT
IAL
ADAP
TATI
ON
MEA
SURE
S
142
ANNEX 2
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
Prim
ary
sect
or: A
gricu
lture
- ge
nera
l
Esta
blish
ing
a na
tiona
l fun
d fo
r tes
ting
of a
dapt
ive
mea
sure
s and
intro
duct
ion
of d
roug
ht re
sista
nt
spec
ies
Polic
y/ L
egisl
atio
nLo
ng te
rm
XX
Subs
idie
s fo
r im
plem
entin
g ad
apta
tion
mea
sure
s fo
r pro
fess
iona
l fa
rmer
sPo
licy/
Leg
islat
ion
MAF
WE
Long
term
X
Deve
lopm
ent a
new
crop
varie
ties s
elec
tion
and
expe
rimen
t pro
gram
me
to in
crea
se cr
op
adap
tatio
n to
adv
erse
impa
cts o
f clim
ate
chan
geCa
pacit
y bui
ldin
gLo
ng te
rmco
ncre
te re
sults
des
pite
th
e lo
ngst
andi
ng re
sear
ch
activ
ities
X
yield
fore
cast
ing
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Med
ium
term
XX
X
Deve
lopm
ent o
f tec
hniq
ues a
nd p
roce
dure
s Ca
pacit
y bui
ldin
gM
ediu
m te
rmLo
w in
tere
st b
etw
een
prim
ary p
rodu
cers
X
prom
otio
n of
sus
tain
able
agr
icultu
ral p
ract
ices.
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Med
ium
term
Low
inte
rest
bet
wee
n pr
imar
y pro
duce
rs
X
Deve
lopm
ent i
rriga
tion
tech
niqu
es a
nd w
ater
su
pply
Ca
pacit
y bui
ldin
gM
ediu
m te
rmbe
twee
n pr
imar
y pr
oduc
ers
XX
whi
ch w
ill c o
nsid
er th
e us
e of
bio
fuel
s as
an a
ltern
ative
to fo
ssil
fuel
s in
agric
ultu
ral
mac
hine
ry.
Polic
y/ L
egisl
atio
nM
ediu
m te
rmob
stru
ctio
ns a
bout
is
it m
ore
impo
rtant
to
prod
uce
food
or f
eed
for
biod
iese
l pro
duct
ion.
X
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
143
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
Esta
blish
ing
of n
atio
nal n
etw
ork
for l
ong
term
m
onito
ring
of a
gro
clim
atic
and
agro
-eda
phic
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
ada
ptive
mea
sure
s
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Med
ium
term
X
and
AEZ
Shor
t ter
mX
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Shor
t ter
mX
Inclu
sion
of cl
imat
e ch
ange
ada
ptat
ion
mea
sure
s in
to ru
ral d
evel
opm
ent s
chem
esPo
licy
Med
ium
term
Lack
of c
omm
itmen
t; Lo
w
inst
itutio
nal c
apac
ity
XX
XX
Incr
ease
d or
gani
c far
min
gTe
chni
cal/
inve
stm
ent
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cers
Long
term
Depe
nds o
n ha
cove
red
XX
XX
Incr
easin
g pl
antin
g de
pth
Tech
nica
l/ in
vest
men
tag
ricul
tura
l pro
duce
rsLo
ng te
rmDe
pend
s on
ha co
vere
dX
XX
Prim
ary
sect
or: A
gricu
lture
- vi
ticul
ture
Stre
ngth
enin
g an
d st
ruct
ural
chan
ges o
f the
Wat
er
User
Ass
ocia
tions
and
Cor
pora
tions
. Po
licy/
Leg
islat
ion/
Cap
acity
build
ing
gove
rnm
ent
Shor
t ter
mof
aw
aren
ess o
f the
impo
rtanc
e of
this
mea
sure
bet
wee
n ke
y de
cisio
n m
aker
s.
XX
X
Supp
ort t
o th
e W
ater
com
mun
ities
and
chan
ge th
e sy
stem
of i
rriga
tion
wat
er ch
arge
(per
m3)
.Po
licy/
Leg
islat
ion
gove
rnm
ent
Shor
t ter
m
Lack
of a
war
enes
s of
the
impo
rtanc
e of
this
mea
sure
bet
wee
n ke
y de
cisio
n m
aker
s.Th
e pr
epar
edne
ss to
chan
ge th
e pr
esen
t(tr
aditi
onal
) sys
tem
of
char
ge fo
r irri
gatio
n w
ater
base
d on
the
area
(per
unc o
ntro
lled
and
irrat
iona
lus
e of
wat
er.
XX
X
144
ANNEX 2
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
soil
char
acte
ristic
s for
certa
in va
rietie
s (te
rroir)
Legi
slat
ion/
Cap
acity
bui
ldin
gHy
drom
eteo
rolo
gica
l Ser
vice
Shor
t ter
mpu
blic
awar
enes
s by t
he
X
Esta
blish
men
t of f
acilit
ies
for p
roce
ssin
g of
bio
re
sidue
s for
bio
fuel
sCa
pacit
y bui
ldin
gSh
ort t
erm
Low
inte
rest
of p
rimar
y pr
oduc
ers.
X
X
Esta
blish
men
t of e
arly
war
ning
sys
tem
(net
wor
k of
met
eoro
logi
cal s
tatio
ns) f
or im
prov
ed p
est
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Serv
iceSh
ort t
erm
publ
ic aw
aren
ess b
y the
X
Supp
ortin
g th
e re
sear
ch a
nd in
nova
tion
for
deve
lopm
ent a
nd sp
read
ing
the
new
pro
duct
ion
syst
ems a
nd m
easu
res
Capa
city b
uild
ing/
Pol
icySc
ienc
e. In
stitu
te o
f Agr
icultu
re
Scie
nces
and
Foo
d
Shor
t/ M
ediu
m te
rmm
eans
for R
&D a
re
redu
ced.
The
rese
arch
ne
twor
k is
not d
evel
oped
an
d in
nova
tions
lack
s.
X
espe
cially
in ta
ble
grap
e va
rietie
s (su
n bu
rns
prot
ectio
n of
gra
pes)
and
impl
emen
ting
of
inte
grat
ed vi
ticul
ture
pro
duct
ion
(opt
imiza
tion
of
Capa
city b
uild
ing/
Pol
icySc
ienc
es a
nd F
ood
Shor
t/ M
ediu
m te
rm
Low
inte
rest
bet
wee
n pr
imar
y pro
duce
rs d
ue
to la
ck o
f aw
aren
ess.
Th
e go
vern
men
t has
not
ad
opte
d th
e re
gula
tion
for
prof
essio
nal o
ccup
atio
n
dem
ande
d.
X
Supp
ort t
he e
stab
lishi
ng o
f fac
ilitie
s an
d lo
gist
ics
mor
e re
sista
nt to
clim
atic
stre
ss.
Legi
slat
ion/
Cap
acity
bui
ldin
gSc
ienc
es a
nd F
ood
Med
ium
term
of a
war
enes
s of t
he
impo
rtanc
e of
this
mea
sure
bet
wee
n ke
y de
cisio
n m
aker
s.
X
sub
regi
on o
f Pov
arda
rski
regi
on a
nd lo
ng te
rm
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Scie
nces
and
Foo
dM
ediu
m te
rmLo
w in
tere
st b
etw
een
prim
ary p
rodu
cers
X
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
145
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
Fina
ncia
l sup
port
for i
mpl
emen
tatio
n of
mod
ern
sprin
kler
irrig
atio
nCa
pacit
y bui
ldin
g/Po
licy
Mea
sure
103
–Im
prov
emen
t and
up
grad
ing
of th
e ex
istin
g vin
eyar
ds
acco
rdin
g EU
stan
dard
s); M
AFW
E
the
agric
ultu
ral s
ecto
r
Med
ium
/Lon
g te
rm
A sy
stem
for s
ubsid
izing
of
thes
e ty
pes o
f in
vest
men
ts h
as n
ot ye
t be
en in
trodu
ced
by th
e
sour
ces a
nd le
ndin
g in
stru
men
ts a
re n
ot
avai
labl
e fo
r the
farm
ers.
X
Fina
ncia
l sup
port
for i
mpl
emen
tatio
n of
met
hods
an
d te
chni
ques
for i
ncre
asin
g of
wat
er u
se
etc.
Capa
city b
uild
ing/
Pol
icy
Mea
sure
103
–Im
prov
emen
t and
up
grad
ing
of th
e ex
istin
g vin
eyar
ds
acco
rdin
g EU
stan
dard
s); M
AFW
E
the
agric
ultu
ral s
ecto
r
Med
ium
/Lon
g te
rm
The
farm
ers d
o no
t hav
e ac
cess
to th
e w
ater
re
sour
ces.
A sy
stem
fo
r sub
sidizi
ng o
f the
se
type
s of i
nves
tmen
ts h
as
not y
et b
een
intro
duce
d by
the
Gove
rnm
ent T
he
lend
ing
inst
rum
ents
ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e fo
r the
Low
inte
rest
and
kno
w-
how
bet
wee
n pr
imar
y pr
oduc
ers
XX
Long
term
inve
stm
ents
in re
cons
truct
ion
and
exte
nsio
n of
dam
s an
d irr
igat
ion
sche
mes
. Ca
pacit
y bui
ldin
g/ P
olicy
gove
rnm
ent
Long
term
Lack
of i
nput
for
estim
atio
n. E
ach
case
ne
eds f
easib
ility s
tudy
w
ith d
etai
led
budg
et
of a
war
enes
s of t
he
impo
rtanc
e of
this
mea
sure
bet
wee
n ke
y de
cisio
n m
aker
s. Th
e co
oper
atio
n be
twee
n th
e ce
ntra
l and
loca
l go
vern
men
t and
farm
ers
XX
X
146
ANNEX 2
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
Fina
ncia
l sup
port
of d
isloc
atio
n of
vine
yard
s on
a hi
gher
alti
tude
and
mor
e ap
prop
riate
/ res
istan
t va
rietie
s to
frost
s.Ca
pacit
y bui
ldin
g/ P
olicy
Mea
sure
101
-Ren
ewal
of t
he
exist
ing
viney
ards
acc
ordi
ng E
U Lo
ng te
rm
- Pos
sible
lack
of
appr
opria
te a
reas
. Ex
tens
ion
of th
e ex
istin
g irr
igat
ion
sche
mes
an
d ad
ditio
nal c
osts
fo
r pum
ping
of w
ater
(p
umpi
ng st
atio
ns).
X
- Add
ition
al in
vest
men
ts
for l
and
prep
arat
ion
and
foun
datio
n of
vine
yard
s.
- Inc
reas
ed p
rodu
ctio
n co
sts a
s res
ult o
f hig
her
altit
ude
and
high
er
trans
port
cost
s.
- Lac
k of
capa
city
and
prep
ared
ness
of
for l
ocal
gov
erna
nce
parc
elisa
tion
and
foun
datio
n of
ara
ble
land
in
the
hilly
/ hig
her a
ltitu
de
zone
s.
of e
stab
lishi
ng o
f new
vine
yard
s (on
ly 2%
impr
ovem
ent o
f the
age
stru
ctur
e of
vine
yard
s
Capa
city b
uild
ing/
Pol
icy
Mea
sure
101
-Ren
ewal
of t
he
exist
ing
viney
ards
acc
ordi
ng E
U st
anda
rds)
; MAF
WE
- Pro
gram
for
sect
or
Long
term
X
- A sy
stem
for s
ubsid
izing
of
thes
e ty
pes o
f in
vest
men
ts h
as n
ot ye
t be
en in
trodu
ced
by th
e Go
vern
men
t.
Prim
ary
sect
or: A
gricu
lture
- liv
esto
ck p
rodu
ctio
nIn
trodu
ce g
enet
ically
hea
t tol
eran
t bre
edin
g an
imal
sTe
chni
cal/
inve
stm
ent
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cers
Long
term
Depe
nds o
n th
e fa
cility
X
Adop
tion
of sp
ecia
l fee
d an
d fe
edin
g te
chni
ques
in
perio
ds o
f exc
essiv
e he
atTe
chni
cal/
inve
stm
ent
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cers
Long
term
Depe
nds o
n th
e fa
cility
X
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
147
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
of co
olin
g sy
stem
sTe
chni
cal/
inve
stm
ent
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cers
Long
term
Depe
nds o
n th
e fa
cility
X
Intro
duce
cont
inuo
us m
onito
ring
of fa
rm
prod
uctiv
ity th
at ca
n th
en b
e co
rrela
ted
with
hea
t w
aves
and
hig
h te
mpe
ratu
res
to e
nsur
e pr
ecise
lo
ss ca
lcula
tions
Tech
nica
l/ in
vest
men
tag
ricul
tura
l pro
duce
rsLo
ng te
rmDe
pend
s on
the
facil
ityX
Prim
ary
sect
or: B
iodi
vers
ity
Mon
itorin
g of
the
stat
us o
f alie
n (a
nd in
vasiv
e)
spec
ies
of p
lant
s M
onito
ring
Cont
inuo
usM
onito
ring
of a
lien
spec
ies s
till n
ot
esta
blish
ed w
ithin
MoE
PPX
X
Mon
itorin
g of
the
stat
us o
f ani
mal
spec
ies-
vect
ors
of d
iseas
esM
onito
ring
Inst
itutio
ns
Cont
inuo
us
Lack
of s
uita
ble
rese
arch
ca
pacit
ies;
Lac
k of
co
oper
atio
n be
twee
n M
inist
ry o
f Hea
lth
inst
itutio
ns
XX
Elab
orat
ion
of li
st o
f spe
cies f
or w
hich
“ex s
itu”
cons
erva
tion
is ne
cess
ary
Rese
arch
Inst
itutio
nsSh
ort t
erm
XX
Adop
tion
of p
olicy
inst
rum
ents
for i
mpl
emen
tatio
n of
corri
dors
man
agem
ent p
lans
into
nat
iona
l and
re
gion
al sp
atia
l pla
nnin
gPo
licy
Med
ium
term
Lack
of g
ood
coop
erat
ion
scie
ntist
s and
pub
lic
ente
rpris
es
XX
X
Case
stud
y of i
mpl
emen
tatio
n of
the
ecol
ogica
l ne
twor
k co
ncep
t in
regi
onal
pla
nnin
g ba
sed
on
inte
r-se
ctor
al a
ppro
ach
Polic
ySh
ort t
erm
Lack
of g
ood
coop
erat
ion
scie
ntist
s and
pub
lic
ente
rpris
es
XX
X
Adap
tatio
n of
fore
stry
man
agem
ent p
lans
in th
e m
ain
fore
sted
bio
corri
dors
to p
rovid
e th
eir b
ette
r fu
nctio
nalit
y in
term
s of c
limat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
Polic
yM
ediu
m te
rmM
ore
than
EUR
Fo
rest
ry se
ctor
still
not
tra
nsfo
rmed
acc
ordi
ng to
th
e tre
nds i
n EU
XX
prod
uctio
n sy
stem
s bas
ed o
n us
ing
alte
rnat
ive
Rese
arch
Loca
l Sel
f-go
vern
men
t
Shor
t ter
m
Lack
of i
nstit
utio
nal
com
mitm
ent;
Lack
of
suita
ble
rese
arch
ca
pacit
ies i
n M
aced
onia
X
X
148
ANNEX 2
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
mov
emen
t and
mig
ratio
n of
thre
aten
ed p
lant
and
an
imal
spe
cies b
y the
clim
ate
chan
geRe
sear
chSh
ort t
erm
Lack
of s
uita
ble
rese
arch
ca
pacit
ies i
n M
aced
onia
XX
X
Dete
rmin
atio
n of
eco
logi
cal m
inim
um fo
r m
ount
ain
wat
er e
cosy
stem
sRe
sear
chSh
ort t
erm
Lack
of i
nstit
utio
nal
com
mitm
ent
XX
Hydr
olog
ic st
udy f
or th
e vu
lner
abilit
y of l
owla
nd
Rese
arch
Med
ium
term
Lack
of g
ood
hydr
olog
ic an
d bi
odive
rsity
dat
aX
X
Asse
ssm
ent o
f the
impa
ct o
f per
iodi
c nat
ural
and
glac
ial l
akes
in cl
imat
e ch
ange
cont
ext
Rese
arch
Shor
t ter
mLa
ck o
f cap
acity
and
kn
owle
dge
XX
Asse
ssm
ent o
f the
impa
ct o
f per
iodi
c nat
ural
and
of m
ount
ain
bogs
and
sprin
gs in
clim
ate
chan
ge
cont
ext
Rese
arch
Shor
t ter
mLa
ck o
f cap
acity
and
kn
owle
d ge
XX
Asse
ssm
ent o
f the
impa
ct o
f per
iodi
c nat
ural
and
of lo
wla
nd m
arsh
es a
nd b
ogs
in cl
imat
e ch
ange
c o
ntex
t
Rese
arch
Shor
t ter
mLa
ck o
f cap
acity
and
kn
owle
dge
XX
popl
ar a
nd P
erip
loca
in th
e re
gion
of G
evge
lija
Rese
arch
Shor
t ter
mLa
ck o
f cap
acity
and
kn
owle
dge
X
X
Stud
y of t
he h
istor
ical a
nd p
rese
nt ti
mbe
r lin
e an
d m
odel
ling
of fu
ture
chan
ges i
nduc
ed b
y the
c li
mat
eRe
sear
chCo
ntin
uous
Lack
of h
istor
ic da
ta
XX
Deta
iled
map
ping
and
mod
elin
g of
the
chan
ges o
f so
me
mou
ntai
n pa
stur
e ty
pes
as a
pilo
t stu
dy fo
r cli
mat
e ch
ange
Rese
arc h
Shor
t ter
mLa
ck o
f sui
tabl
e re
sear
ch
capa
citie
s in
Mac
edon
ia
X
X
Deta
iled
revis
ion
of th
e M
aced
onia
n pr
otec
ted
area
s sys
tem
in co
nnec
tion
to cl
imat
e ch
ange
ad
apta
tion.
Rese
arch
Shor
t ter
mM
ore
than
EUR
Lo
w in
stitu
tiona
l cap
acity
X
XX
Esta
blish
ing
of a
n in
ters
ecto
ral b
ody a
mon
g th
e ad
min
istra
tions
that
hav
e th
e re
spon
sibilit
y for
stra
tegy
for a
ctivi
ties
Polic
y
Sum
i
Shor
t ter
m
Low
aw
aren
ess f
or th
e im
porta
nce
of b
iodi
vers
ity
and
thre
ats i
mpo
sed
by
wat
er se
ctor
X
X
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
149
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
Prim
ary
sect
or: F
ores
try
Deve
lop
a co
mpl
ete
prog
ram
me
for a
dapt
ing
fore
stry
to g
loba
l clim
ate
chan
ge;
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Med
ium
term
To b
e ev
alua
ted
XX
X
Esta
blish
men
t of 5
mon
itorin
g st
atio
ns in
fore
st
regi
ons
for t
he co
ntin
ued
mon
itorin
g of
clim
ate
chan
ge;
Rese
arch
/ Cap
acity
bui
ldin
gSh
ort t
erm
To b
e ev
alua
ted
Fina
ncia
l
X
usag
e in
fore
stry
;Te
chni
cal/
inve
stm
ent
Shor
t ter
mTo
be
eval
uate
d
X
X
supp
ress
ion;
Tech
nica
l/ in
vest
men
tSh
ort t
erm
To b
e ev
alua
ted
Fina
ncia
l
X
XX
Cond
uct a
thor
ough
bio
mas
s sto
ckin
g ex
ercis
e (th
e la
st o
ne w
as d
one
in 1
977)
;Re
sear
ch/ C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
Shor
t ter
mTo
be
eval
uate
dFi
nanc
ial
XX
Adap
tatio
n of
the
Man
agem
ent p
lans
in th
e fo
rest
ry se
ctor
to in
corp
orat
e cli
mat
e ch
ange
fa
ctor
s.Po
licy
Shor
t ter
mTo
be
eval
uate
dCa
pacit
y
X
Prim
ary
sect
or: H
uman
hea
lth
Prep
arat
ion
and
esta
blish
men
t of R
egio
nal C
C He
alth
Ada
ptat
ion
Stra
tegy
Polic
y Sh
ort t
erm
Lack
of s
uppo
rtive
guid
ance
XX
XX
XX
X
Esta
blish
men
t of S
E Re
gion
al in
ters
ecto
ral
Com
mitt
ee m
onito
ring
the
clim
ate
chan
ge
adap
tatio
n pr
oces
sCa
pacit
y bui
ldin
g
Regi
onal
and
loca
l stru
ctur
es a
nd
bran
ches
Shor
t-te
rm
for t
he w
ork
of th
e co
mm
ittee
)
Lim
ited
inte
rest
and
un
ders
tand
ing
of n
atur
e an
d ex
tent
of r
isks a
nd
vuln
erab
ilitie
s – cu
rrent
as a
big
pro
blem
and
the
tem
ptat
ion
is to
wai
t for
th
e im
pact
then
reac
t;
XX
XX
XX
X
Enha
ncin
g of
the
ongo
ing
publ
ic he
alth
act
ivitie
s in
the
regi
onCa
pacit
y bui
ldin
gpu
blic
heal
th in
stitu
te a
nd P
ublic
stru
ctur
es a
nd m
unici
palit
ies
Shor
t-te
rm
on th
e pr
esen
t pub
lic
heal
th b
udge
t + n
ew
empl
oym
ents
)
Publ
ic he
alth
bud
get
hum
an ca
pacit
ies
X
150
ANNEX 2
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
Educ
atio
n an
d tra
inin
g of
the
heal
th p
rofe
ssio
nals
fo
r dea
ling/
man
agem
ent w
ith th
e CC
impa
cts
and
adap
tatio
n m
easu
res o
n he
alth
sect
or
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Med
ical F
acul
ty to
lead
trai
ning
Repr
esen
tativ
es o
f reg
iona
l and
lo
cal s
truct
ures
and
mun
icipa
litie
s
Cent
er o
f cris
is br
anch
es
Shor
t-te
rmlim
ited
inte
rest
X
Crea
tion
of in
form
atio
n an
d da
ta co
llect
ion
emph
asize
d in
this
stud
y inc
ludi
ng th
ose
with
lim
ited
or n
o da
ta
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Me d
ical F
acul
ty to
dev
elop
and
pi
lot C
C ea
rly w
arni
ng in
form
atio
n S h
ort-
term
Lack
of s
uppo
rtive
budg
et li
mita
tion
X
Rese
arch
stud
ies a
bout
cost
of d
amag
es
adap
tatio
n m
easu
res;
Esta
blish
men
t of i
nteg
rate
d CC
ear
ly w
arni
ng a
nd
mon
itorin
g he
alth
info
rmat
ion
syst
em in
cludi
ng
esta
blish
men
t of a
ir po
llutio
n m
onito
ring
+ cr
eatio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f CC
heal
th d
atab
ase
esta
blish
men
t of a
dapt
atio
n an
d re
silie
nce
plan
s in
the
heal
th ca
re in
stitu
tions
+ b
uild
ing
resil
ienc
e:
To b
e an
upg
rade
of t
he e
xistin
g Ho
spita
l saf
ety
inde
x and
disa
ster
pre
pare
dnes
s pl
ans
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Min
istry
of H
ealth
– to
mak
e pr
oper
spec
ial b
udge
t or/a
nd a
rrang
e fu
nd
raisi
ng
Long
term
with
inac
cor d
ance
with
pro
per
prio
ritiza
tion
and
oper
atio
nal p
lans
Lim
ited
inte
rest
and
un
ders
tand
ing
of n
atur
e an
d ex
tent
of r
isks
and
vuln
erab
ilitie
s +na
tiona
l and
loca
l bud
get
cons
train
ts
X
Impr
ovin
g th
e dr
inki
ng w
ater
qua
lity (
and
quan
tity)
es
pecia
lly in
rura
l are
as
Infra
stru
ctur
e m
easu
re
gove
rnm
ents
– to
mak
e sp
ecia
l o p
erat
iona
l pla
n an
d se
cure
a
spec
ial b
udge
t or/a
nd a
rrang
e fu
nd ra
ising
for i
mpr
ovem
ent o
f t h
e dr
inki
ng w
ater
trea
tmen
t and
m
onito
ring
in ru
ral a
reas
Lon g
term
with
inac
cord
ance
with
pro
per
prio
ritiza
tion
and
o per
atio
nal p
lans
Lim
ited
inte
rest
and
un
ders
tand
ing
of n
atur
ean
d ex
tent
of r
isks a
ndvu
lner
abilit
ies +
nat
iona
l/ lo
cal b
udge
t con
stra
ints
;La
ck o
f ava
ilabi
lity o
r re
stric
ted
acce
ss to
ap
prop
riate
tech
nolo
gies
; Pr
ohib
itive
cost
s of
optio
ns w
hen
bud g
ets a
re
limite
d.
XX
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
151
Actio
n Ty
pe
Stak
ehol
ders
Ti
mef
ram
e F
inan
cing
(EUR
w
here
men
tione
d)Co
nstra
ints
Water resources
Agriculture
Health
Biodiversity
Forestry
DRR
Energy
Cultural heritage
safe
ty co
ntro
l and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
HACC
P
mar
ketin
g in
cludi
ng a
tran
spar
ent a
nd re
gula
rly
upda
ted
regi
onal
food
safe
ty d
ata
base
Capa
city b
uild
ing
Long
term
Lim
ited
inte
rest
and
un
ders
tand
ing
of n
atur
e an
d ex
tent
of r
isks
and
vuln
erab
ilitie
s +
natio
nal a
nd lo
cal b
udge
t co
nstra
ints
XX
Prim
ary
sect
or: C
ultu
ral h
erita
ge
Impr
ovin
g th
e un
ders
tand
ing
of a
dver
se im
pact
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge o
n cu
ltura
l her
itage
Rese
arch
/ Cap
acity
bui
ldin
gau
thor
ities
. The
mun
icipa
lity o
f the
cit
y of S
kopj
e. R
esea
rch
inst
itutio
ns
and
unive
rsiti
es.
Shor
t ter
mFi
nanc
ial
XX
Asse
ssin
g th
e vu
lner
abilit
y of b
uilt
and
arch
aeol
ogica
l her
itage
as
wel
l as h
istor
ical
cultu
ral l
ands
cape
s in
by ra
pid
impa
ct a
sses
smen
tRe
sear
ch/ C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
Shor
t ter
mFi
nanc
ial
XX
Esta
blish
ing
a m
onito
ring
prog
ram
for d
amag
es
on b
uilt
and
arch
aeol
ogica
l her
itage
as w
ell a
s hi
stor
ical c
ultu
ral l
ands
cape
s fo
r sho
rt te
rm
extre
me
wea
ther
eve
nts
and
lon g
term
clim
ate
chan
ge
Rese
arch
/ Cap
acity
bui
ldin
g
Min
istry
of C
ultu
re a
nd cu
ltura
l au
thor
ities
in cl
ose
coop
erat
ion
with
M
OEPP
and
rele
vant
env
ironm
enta
l au
thor
ities
Shor
t ter
mFi
nanc
ial
XX
X
the
mai
n ca
tego
ries o
f cul
tura
l her
itage
Rese
arch
/ Cap
acity
bui
ldin
gpu
blic
Med
ium
term
X
Lim
iting
dam
ages
thro
ugh
impl
emen
tatio
n of
a
long
term
man
agem
ent s
trate
gies
rela
ted
to th
e ad
apta
tion
of cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
on h
erita
geTe
chni
cal/
inve
stm
ent
Herit
age
Site
Man
ager
sLo
ng te
rmX
XX
153
Clim
ate
Para
met
ers
Met
eoro
logi
cal C
hang
esCl
imat
e In
dica
tors
Para
met
ers
Impa
ct In
dica
tors
Para
met
ers
Tem
pera
ture
tem
pera
ture
rang
em
ean
mon
thly
tem
pera
ture
°Cst
one
dete
riora
tion
loss
of s
tone
s/br
icks
freez
e-th
aw cy
cles
tem
p. a
bove
and
bel
ow 0
°C in
24h
num
ber o
f da
ys/y
fresc
o de
stru
ctio
nsu
rface
laye
r los
s (μ
m/y
)
ther
mo
shoc
km
in/m
ax t
emp.
In 2
4h o
n su
rface
dete
riora
tion
of fa
cade
surfa
ce la
yer l
oss
(μm
/y)
rela
tive
hum
idity
rang
e RH
max
.- RH
min
.%
salin
izatio
n
mea
n RH
%in
sect
infe
ctio
n (e
.g. d
ry ro
d) o
f woo
den
cons
truct
ion
spec
ies
and
woo
den
cons
truct
ion
infe
sted
by f
ungi
and
inse
cts
Wat
er
heav
y ra
infa
ll ev
ents
>200
mm
/day
num
ber o
f ev
ents
stat
ic in
stab
ility
of b
uild
ings
and
ar
chae
olog
ical r
emai
nsin
clin
atio
n (m
m/y
)
tota
l rai
nfal
l of r
ain
perio
d >
1000
mm
/per
iod
num
ber o
f pe
riods
mat
eria
l%
km²
mlo
ss o
f bui
ldin
g m
ater
ial a
nd lo
ss o
f co
llect
ions
even
ts
days
win
d dr
iven
rain
win
d sp
eed
and
amou
nt o
f pre
cipita
tion
m/s
ec a
nd m
m
rain
fall
salin
izatio
n fro
st-d
amag
e (W
inte
r)
loss
of s
tone
s/br
ickss
urfa
ce
(μm
/y)
dry p
erio
dspe
riods
with
out r
ain
days
of ve
geta
tion
cove
rsu
rface
laye
r los
s (μ
m/y
)
Win
dSa
ndst
orm
win
d sp
eed
m/s
ecsa
ndbl
ast o
f fre
scos
and
dec
orat
ed
faca
des
surfa
ce la
yer l
oss
(μm
/y)
colo
ur
ANNE
X 3:
CL
IMAT
E CH
ANGE
AND
IMPA
CT IN
DICA
TORS
FOR
BU
ILT
HERI
TAGE
AND
ARC
HAEO
LOGI
CAL
SITE
S
154
ANNEX 3
non
clim
ate
para
met
ers
land
use
chan
gein
crea
sing
are
a of
set
tlem
ent a
ndin
frast
ruct
ure
km²
asse
ssm
ent r
epor
tur
bani
zatio
nse
aled
are
a in
ratio
to to
tal a
rea
%
pollu
tant
sSO
2x
mg/
m³
surfa
ce lo
ss μ
m/y
pHgl
ass
corro
sion
co
lour
of f
acad
es
155
Clim
ate
chan
ge-r
elat
ed re
sear
ch p
roje
cts
in th
e Re
publ
ic o
f Mac
edon
ia fu
nded
thro
ugh
the
6th
and
7th
EU F
ram
ewor
k Pr
ogra
mm
es (F
P6 a
nd
C No.
Title
Pr
ogra
m &
Cal
lSt
art d
ate/
Bud
get
(€) f
or R
MM
aced
onia
n Pa
rtner
1Ec
o-ho
uses
bas
ed o
n Ec
o-fri
endl
y Pol
ymer
Com
posit
e Co
nstru
ctio
n M
ater
ials
FP6
01-1
0-20
04/
2RI
SE -
Rene
wab
les f
or Is
olat
ed S
yste
ms-
Ener
gy su
pply
and
Was
te W
ater
Tr
eatm
ent
FP6
3 ye
ars/
oper
ator
3LP
AMS
- Pro
duct
ion
Proc
ess f
or In
dust
rial F
abric
atio
n of
Low
Pric
e Am
orph
ous-
FP6
3 ye
ars /
Mac
edon
ian
Acad
emy o
f Scie
nces
and
Arts
4Re
new
able
Ene
rgy T
echn
olog
ies i
n Po
or E
urop
ean
Regi
ons;
FP
63
year
s /
Mac
edon
ian
Geot
herm
al A
ssoc
iatio
n;
5Di
oxid
eFP
6M
aced
onia
n Ge
othe
rmal
Ass
ocia
tion
6RE
COVE
R - R
enew
able
Ene
rgy C
oord
inat
ed D
evel
opm
ent i
n th
e W
BC;
FP6
2 ye
ars /
Mac
edon
ian
Geot
herm
al A
ssoc
iatio
n
7in
the
WBC
; FP
6M
aced
onia
n Ge
othe
rmal
Ass
ocia
tion
9Bi
omas
s En
ergy
Eur
ope
01-1
0-20
08/
Mac
edon
ian
Geot
herm
al A
ssoc
iatio
n
10ea
rt h o
bser
vatio
ns01
-10-
2008
/Ba
lkan
Fou
ndat
ion
for S
usta
inab
le D
evel
opm
ent
11Te
stin
g In
nova
tive
Stra
tegi
es fo
r Cle
an U
rban
Tran
spor
t for
hist
oric
Euro
pean
cit
ies
01-1
0-20
08/
Mun
icipa
lity o
f Sko
pje;
Pub
lic Tr
ansp
ort C
ompa
ny
ANNE
X 4:
Cl
imat
e ch
ange
-rel
ated
rese
arch
pro
ject
s in
the
Repu
blic
of M
aced
onia
fund
ed th
roug
h th
e 6t
h an
d 7t
h EU
Fra
mew
ork
Prog
ram
mes
(FP6
and
FP7
)
156
ANNEX 4
12So
uth-
East
Eur
opea
n TS
O Ch
alle
nges
01-0
1-20
10/
tech
nolo
gies
; Ope
rato
r of P
ower
Tran
smiss
ion
Syst
em o
f Mac
edon
ia-M
EPSO
13ra
ting
plat
form
FP7-
rese
arch
for S
ME-
2011
01.1
0.20
11/
14FP
7-re
sear
ch fo
r SM
E-20
1101
-01-
2012
/Ce
nter
for P
lasm
a Te
chno
logi
es -
PLAS
MA
ltd.
15w
ater
pre
para
tion
and
spac
e he
atin
gFP
7-SM
E-20
1001
-01-
2011
/Ce
nter
for P
lasm
a Te
chno
logi
es -
PLAS
MA
ltd.
16Ob
serv
atio
n In
itiat
ives
01-1
0-20
10/
Balk
an F
ound
atio
n fo
r sus
tain
able
dev
elop
men
t
17St
reng
then
ing
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f Ear
th O
bser
vatio
n ac
tiviti
es fo
r the
en
viron
men
t in
the
Balk
an a
rea
01-1
0-20
10/ E
UR
18Pr
omot
ion
and
coor
dina
tion
of e
nviro
nmen
tal r
esea
rch
in C
entra
l and
Eas
tern
Eu
rope
for a
sust
aina
ble
Deve
lopm
ent w
ith th
e su
ppor
t of t
he E
nter
prise
Eur
ope
01-1
0-20
11/ E
UR
Foun
datio
n fo
r Man
agem
ent a
nd In
dust
rial R
esea
rch
19Cl
imat
e Ch
ange
Cor
rela
tions
FP7-
PEOP
LE-2
011
01-1
0-20
11/ E
UR
2001
-10-
2011
/ EUR
21te
chno
logi
es fo
r ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y app
licat
ions
FP7-
SME
Asso
ciatio
n-20
1101
-01-
2012
/ EUR
2201
-01-
2012
/ EUR
Ce
nter
for P
lasm
a Te
chno
logi
es -
PLAS
MA
ltd.
2301
-10-
2013
/ EUR
FT
M-U
CIM
limat
e ch
ange
-rel
ated
rese
arch
pro
ject
s in
the
Repu
blic
of M
aced
onia
fund
ed th
roug
h th
e 6t
h an
d 7t
h EU
Fra
mew
ork
Prog
ram
mes
(FP6
and
FP
7) F
P7)
THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
157
Climate change-related projects in the Republic of Macedonia funded through the EU Pre-Accession Instrument (IPA), 2007-2013
Title Institution Short Description Duration
1 Monitoring of the environment of the
Technical SciencesEnvironmental protection of the Tikvesh area and 2011-2012
2 Environmental Highway Observatory (e-Highway)
Agency for State Roads Measure 2.1 Promote and protect the environmental resources of the area
3 Local Communities in Municipality of sensitization and Volunteer participation of local communities in order to Improve river water quality and quality of life in cross border area
4Promotion of Balkan Forest Genetic Resources with Aesthetic Value (ISPROP
Goce Delcev University – Stip(Faculty of Agriculture)
The ultimate objective of this project is to protect the forest genetic resources of the cross-border area
2012
5 Local Communities in Environment
protection plan “FIRESHIELD” tal Action
Municipality of Bitola Municipality of Prilep
Fire protection plan to mitigate the unwanted
Projects Related to Climate Changes and Environment Funded by the EU TEMPUS Programme, 2010-2013
No Title Faculty Project Number Duration
1 Creation of University-enterprise cooperation network for education on sustainable technologies
Faculty of Technology and
Methodius University -Skopje
158989-TEMPUS-1-2009-BE-TEMPUS-JPHES
2010-2013
2 Development of Environment and Resources Engineering Learning
Faculty of Mechanical
Methodius University -Skopje
511001-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-IT-TEMPUS-JPCR
2010-2013
3 Regional Joint Doctoral Programme in Entrepreneurship and SME Management for Western Balkan Countries
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University - Skopje
510993-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-IT-TEMPUS-JPCR
2010-2013
158
ANNEX 4
Selected climate change-related publications by Macedonian researchers, 2006-2013
Chemical Engineering Transactions 35 press
Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Potential of the Energy 57
Journal.
J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 041814 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4813401
the Renewable Energy Sources Absorption Capacity of the J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5
041805 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4812999
Energy 48Elsevier Journal.
Thermal Science, 16(3)
Good practices in the preparation of the greenhouse gas Inventories
compilation of lessons learned and experiences from selected
Environmental and Economic Aspects of Higher RES Penetration into Applied Thermal Engineering, 43
Energy 36
potential of GHG emissions reduction in Macedonia by renewable electricity. Chemical Engineering Transactions 25
and environmental effectiveness of climate change mitigation
Energy 34
the workshop “Fulfilling the monitoring and reporting requirements
Popovska C. (2004) Climate Change and Vulnerability Assessment
Proceedings of the 6th International Scientific Conference on
Popovska C. (2011). Invited speaker on: Tectonic Lakes: Climatic
Zdraveva P.Assessment of climate change mitigation potential
Dubrovnik 2013.
159
-ommendations have been reached:
CONCLUSIONS:
objectives;
35;Even though the objectives of the planning document in the considered sectors generally are
requires further adjustment on plan or program level; Depending on the selection and sensitivity of the locations where the activities for adaptation
the conditions of the environmental media and areas on a project level. But these impacts will have a lower intensity in comparison with the condition without the implementation of the planning document;
as measures for mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
RECOMMENDATIONS
To assess the level of implementation of the planning document i.e. to check the applicability of the proposed measures for adaptation to climate change in all sectors; The scenarios on changes in the climate and their impacts on the vulnerability of the sectors to be taken into consideration when preparing or changing strategic documents on spatial planning (State Spatial Plan);
measures for GHG reduction and adaptation of the most vulnerable sectors proposed in the planning document with the sectorial strategic and planning activities that cover the same
enterprises and private sector will be established;To provide an appropriate structure of planning and introduction of the aspects for climate
authorities and the academic sector;
of the GHG inventory;
35
same measures in certain sectors cannot be fully applicable on the entire territory of the Republic of Macedonia.
ANNE
X 5:
RE
COM
MEN
DATI
ONS
DERI
VING
FRO
M T
HE S
TRAT
EGIC
160
ANNEX 5
Establishment of a (financial) tool for financing the activities/measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation of the mostvulnerable sectors to climate change is needed;The prioritization of the budget and donor financial flows to include also the indicator – if the planned activities contribute in theclimate change reduction or reduces the vulnerability of the concerned sector to climate change;
the planning document;