Tn8 Final Review

8/4/2019 Tn8 Final Review

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TN - 8

Final Review



WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Used to talk about a hypothesis in the past,or a decision made too late

(normally with IF + PAST PERFECT)

If I had studied more, I would have gotten a betterresult.

Obs. Inverting the if-part of the sentence does notchange its meaning.



COULD / MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Used to talk about a possibility or opinion

in the past that did not happen.

You could/might have told me you loved me.



SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Used to indicate that an advisable action in the past

was not performed.

You shouldn’t have gotten all that rain yesterday.



Let’s Practice

1. If I had gone to the sales, I’m sure I ___________________something. (to buy)

2. Clare was very upset you didn’t go to her birthday party. You ________________. (to go)

3. No one’s answering the phone. They ____________________

out. (to go)4. The lights are out. They _____________________ to sleep.

(to go)

5. We ___________________ Dave to the party if we had knownhe was in town. (to invite)

6. You _____________________ at Samantha. She’ll neverforgive you. (not to shout)

7. I ________________ to have done some acting when I wasyounger. (to love)

would have bought

should have gone

might/could have gone

might/could have gone

would have invited

shouldn’t have shouted

would have loved



8. You ________________ to the pub on Saturday. We had agreat time. (to come)

9. She _________________________ her mind. I’m not sure. (tochange)

10. You ___________________ so much money on CDs. You’ll

have problems getting to the end of the month now. (not tospend)

11. She told me she ___________________ you if you had givenher your address. (to email)

12. She’s really shy. You ________________ her you liked her. (to

tell)13. She ______________________ yes to a date. You never know.

(to say)

14. You _________________________ her weight. She was veryupset. (not to mention)

should have come

might/could have changed

shouldn’t have spent

would have emailed

should have told

might/could have said

shouldn’t have mentioned



PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Ann’s clothes are covered in paint. She has been paintingthe ceiling all day.

We use present perfect continuous because we’reinterested in the activity. It does not matter whether

something has been finished or not.

We use the present perfect continuous to ask or to

say how long (for an activity that is still happening)



Let’s Practice1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago.

_______________________________________

2. Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he wasten years old.

________________________________________________

3. Linda is travelling round Europe. She began her tour threemonths ago.

________________________________________________

4. When they left college, Mary and Sue started making filmstogether.

________________________________________________ ___________

5. Mark is waiting for me. He arrived 45 minutes ago.

________________________________________

Tom has been reading a book for two hours.

Jimmy has been playing tennis since he was 10 years old.

Linda has been travelling round Europe for 3 months.

Mary and Sue have been making films together since theyleft college.

Mark has been waiting for me for 45 minutes.



EITHER … OR - NEITHER … NOR

When two subjects are connected by either… or orneither… nor, the subject that is closer to the verb

determines whether it is singular or plural.

The same grammatical form should follow each part

of the paired conjunction.

Neither my mother nor my sister is here.

Neither my mother nor my parents are here.

Neither my mother nor my sister is here. (noun... noun)

That book is neither interesting nor accurate. (adj... adj.)



Let’s Practice1. Your sister will meet you at the airport, or your brother will

meet you there. Is that right? ________________________________________________

2. They can go swimming , or they can play tennis. Is that right?

_____________________________________

3. You’ll go to New Orleans for your vacation, or you’ll go toMiami. Right?

_______________________________________________

4. Her husband doesn’t speak German. Do her children speakGerman?

____________________________________________5. They don’t have a refrigerator for their new apartment. Do

they have a stove?

________________________________________________

Yes, either my sister or my brother will meet me at the airport.

Yes, they can either go swimming or play tennis.

Yes, I’ll go either to New Orleans or to Miami for my vacation.

No, neither her husband nor her children speak German.

No, they have neither a refrigerator nor a stove for their new

apartment.



WISH

A wish about the present is followed by a form of thepast tense.

Were is normally used for all persons to express awish about the present.

I wish I could speak German.

I wish I were taller than you.

A wish about the past is followed by the past perfect

tense.

I wish he had been at the party last night.



Let’s Practice1. I don’t have enough time to learn Spanish really well.

__________________________________________

2. Those children make a lot of noise.

________________________________________

3. Jim will not be able to help me.

_______________________________4. Sandra is taking a holiday next month.

___________________________________________

5. Peter had to go home early last night.

___________________________________________

6. Bob didn’t study English last year.

__________________________________

I wish I had enough time to to learn Spanish well.

I wish those children didn’t make a lot of noise.

I wish Jim would be able to help me.

I wish Sandra was not taking a holiday next month.

I wish Peter hadn’t had to go home early last night.

I wish Bob had studied English last year.



DO AND MAKE COMPARED

DO is used to say that someone performs an action,activity, or task.

If you produce or construct an object or substance,

you MAKE it out of other materials.

We did quite a lot of work yesterday.

I do the cooking and Brian does the cleaning.

I have made you a drink.

Sheila makes all her own clothes.



Let’s Practice

1. What does your father ____ for a living? He’s a doctor. 2. John_______ an interesting point, when explained his

opinion on modern art.

3. Slow down, Mike. You’re _______ 80 in a 60.

4. Mary will _______ a great singer. Her voice is fantastic.

5. I don’t know what to _______of this message, it’s written in

Chinese.

6. Can you ____ me a favor and take the garbage out?

7. The storm _____ a lot of damage to that city yesterday.

8. We’re _______ with our tasks, we can leave now.

domade

doing

make

do

did

make

done



REPORTED SPEECH

If the reporting verb (e.g. said ) is simple past, the verb in the

noun clause will usually be in a past form.

In spoken English no change is made in the noun clause verb if

the speaker is reporting something immediately after it was said,

or if it deals with a general truth.

“I watch TV every day.” - She said she watched TV every day.

“I am watching TV.” - She said she was watching TV.“I watched TV.” - She said she had watched TV.

“I am going to watch TV.” – She said she was going to watch TV.

Immediate reporting: He said he wants us to read the book.

Later reporting: He said he wanted us to read the book.

General truth reporting: He said the world is round.

When you use a noun clause to report what someone has said.



Let’s Practice1. Pedro said, “I will help you”.

Pedro said _____________________

2. “I’m going to move to Ohio”, said Bruce.

Bruce informed me _______________________________

3. “Can you help me with my report?” asked David.

David asked me _____________________________4. Mary asked, “Have you seen my grammar book?”

Mary wanted to know ___________________________

5. “Did you enjoy your trip?” asked Kim.

Kim asked me _____________________

6. Sam asked, “Where is Nadia?”

Sam wanted to know ________________

(that) he would help me.

that he was going to move to Ohio.

if I could help him with his report.

if I had seen her grammar book.

if I had enjoyed my trip.

where Nadia was.



POSITION AND ORDER OF ADVERBS

The regular order of adverbs or adverbial expressions in a

sentence after a verb of motion is PLACE + MANNER + TIME

Sometimes the adverb of time is placed in the beginning of the

sentence to emphasise the time.

Verbs of motions describe some type of movement: come, go,

leave, walk, run, fly,…

Today I will go to the library.

I will go to the library by bus tomorrow

place manner time

If the verb of the clause is not a verb of motion, the most usual

order of adverbs is MANNER + PLACE + TIME

We waited patiently outside the theater all afternoon

manner place time



Let’s Practice1. The choir sang. (last week, beautifully, at the competition)

_______________________________________________2. The young child walked. (by herself, this morning, to school)

_______________________________________________

3. The moon shone. (over the water, long after the sun had set,brilliantly)

______________________________________________ __________

4. We left. (this morning, home, in a hurry)

_______________________________________________

5. We ate. (at the restaurant, well, yesterday evening) ______________________________________________

6. They talked. (for an hour, animatedly, on the front lawn) ______________________________________________

The choir sang beautifully at the competition last week.

The young child walked to school by herself this morning.

The moon shone brilliantly over the water long after thesun had set.

We left home in a hurry this morning.

We ate well at the restaurant yesterday evening.

They talked animatedly on the front lawn for an hour.



PHRASAL VERBS

To go on = to happen (talking about situations or events)e.g. I didn’t know what was going on.

To go over = to examine, review or study something

e.g. I wanted to go over a few things that I thought were really

important for this article.

To read up on = to study or learn by reading a lot about

something

e.g. Read up on the places you plan to visit before you travel.

To sign up for = to register, agree to be a participant or enlist

e.g. All my friends signed up for military service.



PHRASAL VERBS

To ask someone out = to invite someone to a datee.g. I don’t know if he’ll ask her out.

To come down with = to become sick with an illness

e.g. I came down with a flu.

To get over = to recover from something (disease, divorce, etc.)

e.g. She finally got over the divorce.

To fill out (a form)= to complete by providing the information

e.g. They carefully filled out the job application.



PHRASAL VERBS

To finish up (something) = to finish completelye.g. I finally finished up this homework.

To work out = to prove successful, effective, or satisfactory

e.g. The new strategy may not work out.

To run into = to meet or find by chance

e.g. Ann ran into an old friend.

To fool around = to goof off

e.g. Enough fooling around -- let's get back to work!



PHRASAL VERBS

To buckel down= to get seious and work harde.g. You’ll need to buckel down in order to get your degree.

To be fed up with = to be annoyed by someone or something

e.g. I'm fed up with her - she always keeps me waiting.

To run over = to drive over someone or something with a vehicle

e.g. I ran over a rabbit and was in tears all the way home!

To pull over= to drive to the side of the road and stop

e.g. The cop pulled Betty over to the side of the road.



Let’s Practice1. I’m __________with this bad weather. Why can’t it be sunny for

a change?2. He needs to _______________ and work hard, or the boss willfire him.

3. I was almost ___________ by a bus when I was crossing thestreet.

4. If I were you, Bob, I wouldn’t ____________so much at school.You will end up flunking.

5. He said he could stay only a few minutes, but I told him that Ithought we could __________ our affairs in ten minutes and wedid.

6. I know everything will _________ for you, you have not beenlate on payments.

7. The next day she went to the library and __________ thesubject.

8. "So," he said, "would you say this'd be a good time to ____ you

for dinner?"

fed up

buckel down

run over

fool around

finish up

work out

read up on

ask

out

Tn8 Final Review

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