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PIPING ENGINEERING CELL

CODES AND STANDARDS

T.

For scientific design of Piping Systems, selection of prconstruction and to detail out the material specifications, knowled

Standards is essential. Standardization can, and does, reduce cost, in

confusion that result from unnecessary and undesirable differencomponents and procedures. Industry standards are published by prof

committees and trade organizations. A code is basically a standa

generally accepted by the government. The objective of each code is toindustrial safety in a particular activity or equipment. Codes are often

same organization that develops standards. These organizations a

engineering practices and publish as Recommended Practices. Th

documents is misunderstood since definitions of Codes, Standards aPractices are not always correctly understood. The following definit

accepted.

CODEA group of general rules or systematic procedures for de

installation and inspection prepared in such a manner that it can bejurisdiction and made into law.

STANDARDSDocuments prepared by a professional group or committee who

good and proper engineering practice and which contain mandatoryusers are responsible for the correct application of the same. Complian

does not itself confer immunity from legal obligation.

RECOMMENDED PRACTICESDocuments prepared by professional group or committee

engineering practices but which are optional.

Companies also develop Guides in order to have condocumentation. These cover various engineering methods, which are

practices, without specific recommendation or requirements.

Codes and Standards, apart from being regulations, might design aids since they provide guidance from experts.


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MAJOR ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDS

Sr.

No.

Country Organization

1 United States American National Standards Institute

2 Canada Standard Council of Canada

3 France Association Francaise

4 United Kingdom British Standards Institute

5 Europe Committee of European Normalization 6 Germany Deutsches Institute Fur Normung

7 Japan Japanese Industrial Standards Committee

8 India Bureau Of Indian Standards

9 Worldwide International Organization for Standards

ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from som

countries, one from each country. The work of preparing Internatio

normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Eac

interested in a subject for which a technical committee (ISO

established has the right to be represented on that committe

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liason wi

part in the work. The main task of the technical committe

International Standards. Draft International Standards adopt

committees are circulated to member bodies for voting. Pu

International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the

casting votes.

1.0 AMERICAN STANDARDS

Not all American standards are issued directly by American NInstitute. The material standards are covered under ASTM (American S

and Materials) and dimensional standards under ANSI (American N

Institute)/ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers).The American Standards referred by Piping Engineers are mainly

1 1 Th A i P t l I tit t (API)


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1.5 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

1.6 The American Welding Society (AWS).

1.7 The American Water Works Association (AWWA).

1.8 The Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and

Standard Practices (MSS-SP)

1.1 API STANDARDS The API standards generally referred by the Piping Engineers are

1) API 5L - Specification for Line Pipe

2) API 6D/ - Pipe line Valves, End closures, Co

ISO 14313 Swivels.

3) API 6F - Recommended Practice for Fire T

4) API 570 - Inspection, Repair, Alteration and

In-service piping systems.

5) ANSI/API RP 574 - Inspection Practices for Piping Sys

6) API 593 - Ductile Iron Plug Valves flanged

7) API 594 - Check Valves, Wafer, Wafer lug a

flanged Type.

8) API 598 - Valve Inspection and Test.

9) API 599 - Metal Plug Valves.

10) ANSI/API 600/ - Steel Gate Valves

ISO 10434

11) ANSI/API 602/ - Compact Design carbon steel Gate

ISO 15761 Ch k l 100 NB


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15) API 608 - Metal Ball Valves.

16) API 609 - Butterfly valves Double flangedType.

17) ANSI/ API RP 621 - Reconditioning of Metallic

Gate, globe & Check Valves.

18) API RP 941 - Steel for Hydrogen Service atElevated Temperatures & Pressure

19) API RP 1102 - Steel Pipeline Crossing Rail Road& Highways.

20) API 1104 - Standard for Welding Pipeline and

21) API RP 1110 - Pressure testing of liquid petroleum

22) API 2009 - Safe Welding, Cutting and Hot Win the Petroleum Industries.

23) API 2201 - Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petrochemical Industries.

1.2 AISI STANDARDS The American Iron and Steel Institute Standards specify thchemical properties. When specific mode of manufacture of the e

concern, then the material can be identified by the AISI standards. Th

used AISI specifications are:

1) AISI 410 - 13% Chromium Alloy Steel

2) AISI 304 - 18/8 Austenitic Stainless Steel

3) AISI 316 - 18/8/3 Austenitic Stainless Steel

1.3 ASME STANDARDS


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2) ASME B 31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping

3) ASME B 31.3 - Process Piping

4) ASME B 31.4 - Pipeline Transportation System fo

hydrocarbon and other Liquids

5) ASME B 31.5 - Refrigeration Piping

6) ASME B 31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution

7) ASME B 31.9 - Building Services Piping

8) ASME B 31.11 - Slurry Transportation Piping Syste

9) ASME B 31.G - Manual for determining the remai

corroded piping - A supplement to

Of the above, the most commonly used code is ASME B 31.3. Refine

plants are designed based on the same. All power plants are design

B31.1.

SELECTION OF DESIGN CODE

Unless agreement is specifically made between the contracting partiissue or the regulatory body having jurisdiction imposes the use of

latest edition and addenda issued 6 months prior to the original contrgood for the first phase of the completion of work and initial operation.

It is the responsibility of the userto select the Code Section, which mosa proposed piping installation.

Factors to be considered include:

Technical limitations of the Code Section, jurisdictional requiapplicability of other Codes and Standards. All applicable requiremen

Code shall be met. For some installations, more than one Code Sect

different parts of the installation. The user is responsible for imposupplementary to those of the Code if necessary to assure safe piping

installation.


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The Code sets forth engineering requirements deemed necessary for th

construction of pressure piping. While safety is the basic consideration

will not necessarily govern the final specification for any piping installa

The Code prohibits designs and practices known to be unsafe and cwhere caution, but not prohibition, is warranted. The designer is ca

Code is not a design handbook; it does not do away with the need fo

competent engineering judgement.

Other major ASME dimensional standards referred for the piping eleme

1) ASME B 1.1 - Unified Inch Screw Threads

2) ASME B 1.20.1 - Pipe Threads general purpose

(Ex ANSI B2.1)

3) ASME B 16.1 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flange

4) ASME B 16.3 - Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings.

5) ASME B 16.4 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings

6) ASME B 16.5 - Steel Pipe flanges and Flanged Fit

7) ASME B 16.9 - Steel Butt welding Fittings

8) ASME B 16.10 - Face to face and end to end dimenValves

9) ASME B 16.11 - Forged steel Socket welding and Tfittings

10) ASME B 16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for pipe flanges

joint, spiral wound and jacketed fl

11) ASME B 16.21 - Non-Metallic Gasket for pipe flan

12) ASME B 16.24 - Cast copper Alloy Pipe Flanges an

Fittings


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16) ASME B 16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges & Flang

Fittings Class 150 and 300

17) ASME B 16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges N

18) ASME B.16.48 - Line Blanks.

19) ASME B 16.49 - Factory made Induction bends

20) ASME B 18.2 1 & 2 - Square and hexagonal head Bolts

(inch & mm)

21) ASME B 36.10 - Welded and seamless Wrought St

22) ASME B 36.19 - Welded and Seamless Austenitic SSteel Pipes.

1.4 ASTM STANDARDS

ASTM standards consist of 16 sections on definitions and materials of construction and test methods. Most of the ASTM mate

adapted by ASME and are specified in ASME Section II. ASME S

parts.1.4.1 Part-A - Ferrous materials specifica

1.4.2 Part-B - Non-ferrous materials spec

1.4.3 Part-C - Specification for welding m1.4.4 Part-D - Properties of materials.

In Part-II, the materials are listed in the Index based on the available for

castings, tubes, etc. and also on the numerical index.

The selection of ASTM specification depends upon the type of mof material, its mechanical strength and the corrosion properties.

The specification number is given on Alphabetical prefix, A for

and B for Non-ferrous materials.

ASTM also specifies standard practice for numbering metal andNumbering System.

UNIFIED NUMBERING SYSTEM (UNS)

The UNS number was established by ASME & SAE in 1974. The U

ifi i i i bli h i f f di i


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UNS establishes 18 series numbers of metals and alloys. Each UN

consists of a single letter prefix followed by five digits. In most cases th

suggestive of the family of the metal identified.

1. A00001 - A 99999 - Aluminium and Aluminium

2. C00001 - C 99999 - Copper and Copper alloys

3. D00001 - D 99999 - Specified mechanical prop

4. E00001 - E 99999 - Rare earth and rare earth lialloys

5. F00001 - F 99999 - Cast Iron and Cast Steels

6. G00001 - G 99999 - AISI and SAE Carbon and

7. H00001 - H 99999 - AISI H Steels

8. J00001 - J 99999 - Cast Steels

9. K00001 - K 99999 - Miscellaneous Steels and F

10. L00001 - L 99999 - Low melting metals and al

11. M00001 - M 99999 - Miscellaneous non-ferrous

12. N00001 - N 99999 - Nickel and Nickel alloys

13. P00001 - P 99999 - Precious metals and alloys

14. R00001 - R 99999 - Reactive and Refractory m

15. S00001 - S 99999 - Stainless Steels

16. T00001 - T 99999 - Tool Steels

17. W00001 - W99999 - Welding Filler Metals and


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manufacturers have given their own brand names for the various electr

under these names.

1.6 AWWA STANDARDS

The American Water Works Association (AWWA) standards relements required for low-pressure water services. These are less st

standards. Valves, flanges, etc. required for large diameter water pip

under this standard and are referred rarely by CPI Piping Engineers.

1) C-500 - Gate Valves for water & sewage system

2) C-504 - Rubber Seated Butterfly Valves

3) C-507 - Ball valves 6 48

4 C-508 - Swing Check Valves 2 24

5) C-509 - Resilient Seated Gate Valves for water &

6) C-510 - Cast Iron Sluice Gates

1.7 MSS-SP STANDARDS

In addition to the above standards and material codes, there are

followed by manufacturers. These are published as advisory standarfollowed. A large number of MSS Practices have been approved

ANSI/ASME Standards published by others. In order to maintain aauthoritative information, the MSS withdraws those Standard Practic

The most common MSS-SP standards referred for piping are:

1) MSS-SP-6 - Standard Finishes for Contact Sur

2) MSS-SP-25 - Standard Marking System for Val

Flanges

3) MSS-SP-42 - Class 150 Corrosion Resistant Gat

Check Valves.

4) MSS-SP-43 - Wrought Stainless Steel Buttweld


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8) MSS-SP-68 - High Pressure Offseat Design But

9) MSS-SP-69 - Pipe Hangers and Supports: Selecapplication

10) MSS-SP-70 - Cast Iron Gate Valves

11) MSS-SP-71 - Cast Iron Check Valves

12) MSS-SP-72 - Ball Valves

13) MSS-SP-75 - High test wrought buttwelding fitt

14) MSS-SP-78 - Cast Iron Plug Valves

15) MSS-SP-80 - Bronze Gate, Globe and Check Va

16) MSS-SP-81 - Stainless Steel Bonnetless Knife G

17) MSS-SP-83 - Pipe Unions

18) MSS-SP-85 - Cast Iron Globe Valves

19) MSS-SP-88 - Diaphragm Type Valves

20) MSS-SP-89 - Pipe Hangers and Supports: Fabri

installation practices.

21) MSS-SP-90 - Pipe Hangers and Supports: Guide

terminology

22) MSS-SP-92 - MSS Valve user guide

23) MSS-SP-95 - Swaged Nipples

24) MSS-SP-97 - Integrally reinforced Branch outle

25) MSS-SP-108 - Resilient Seated Eccentric CI Plug


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2.0 BRITISH STANDARDS

In many instances, it is possible to find a British Standardsubstituted for American Standards. Now the Committee for European

issuing standards replacing different standards in force in the EuAccordingly, lot of BS and DIN standards are getting replaced by CEN

exist in three official versions; English, French & German..

There are certain British Standards referred to by Indian Manconstruction of piping elements such as valves. The most common

Standards in the Piping Industry are:

1) BS 10 - Flanges

2) BS 916 - Black Bolts, Nuts and Screws (ob

3) BS 970 - Steel for forging, bars, rods, valve

(Replaced by BS 3410)

4) BS 1306 - Copper and Copper alloy Pressure

5) BS 1414 - Gate Valves for Petroleum Industr(withdrawn & replaced by BSEN

6) BS 1560 - Steel Pipe Flanges (class designat

7) BS 1600 - Dimensions of Steel Pipes

8) BS 1640 - Butt Welding Fittings

9) BS 1868 - Steel Check Valves for Petroleum

10) BS 1873 - Steel Globe & Check Valves for P

11) BS 1965 - Butt welding Pipe Fittings

12) BS 2080 - Face to Face / End to End dimensi(Withdrawn & Replaced by BSEN


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16) BS 3293 - C.S. Flanges 26-48 NB

17) BS 3381 - Metallic Spiral Wound Gaskets

18) BS 3600 - Dimensions of Welded and SeamlTubes.

19) BS 3601 - C.S. Pipes & Tubes for pressure p

temperature

20) BS 3602 - C.S. Pipes & Tubes for pressure ptemperature

21) BS 3603 - C.S. and Alloy steel Pipes & Tube

purposes at low temperature.

22) BS 3604 - Alloy steel Pipes & Tubes for high

23) BS 3605 - S.S. Pipes & Tubes for pressure pu

24) BS 3799 - SW/Screwed Fittings

25) BS 3974 - Pipe hangers, Slides & Roller type

26) BS 4346 - PVC pressure Pipe joints & Fitti

27) BS 4504 - Steel, CI & Copper alloy Flanges

28) BS 5150 - CI Wedge and Double Disc Gate

purposes

29) BS 5151 - CI Gate (parallel slide) valves for

30) BS 5152 - CI Globe & Check valves for gene

31) BS 5153 - CI Check valves for general purpo

32) BS 5154 - Copper alloy Gate, Globe, Check


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36) BS 5159 - CI and CS Ball Valves for general

37) BS 5160 - Flanged steel Globe and Check Va

purposes.

38) BS 5163 - Double flanged Cast Iron wedge G

water works purposes.

39) BS 5351 - Steel Ball Valves for petroleum in

by ISO 17292)

40) BS 5352 - Steel Gate, Globe, Check Valves

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