TL III_Genetic Gains at IITA

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Genetic Gains At IITA


Outline

• Cowpea

• Soybean

• Maize

• Cassava


Genetic Gain in Yield and Agronomic Characteristics

of Cowpea Cultivars Developed in the Sudan Savannas of

Nigeria over the Past Three Decades

A. Y. Kamara,* H. Tefera, S. U. Ewansiha, H. A. Ajeigbe, R. Okechukwu,

O. Boukar, and L. O. Omoigui

Published in Crop Sci. 51:1877–1886 (2011).

doi: 10.2135/cropsci2010.12.0698

Cowpea


Determinate Year Semi-determinate Year

TVx 456-01F 1975 VITA 4 (TVu 1977-0D) 1974

TVx 66-2H (VITA 8) 1975 VITA 5 (TVu 4557) 1974

TVx 1836-013J (VITA 10) 1976 TVx 3236 (SUVITA 4) 1976

IT82D-889 1982 IT81D-994 1981

IT86D-1010 1986 IT81D-985 1981

IT86D-719 1986 IT84S-2246-4 1984

IT86D-721 1986 IT88D-867-11 1988

IT97K-461-4 1997 IT89KD-391 1989

IT97K-494-3 1997 IT90K-277-2 1990

IT98K-506-1 1998 IT97K-499-35 1997

IT98K-628 1998 IT98K-128-3 1998

IT00K-1263 2000 IT98K-131-2 1998

IT00K-227-4 2000 IT98K-476-8 1998

IT03K-316-1 2003 IT00K-1207 2000

IT04K-332-1 2004 IT04K-217-5 2004

IT04K-321-2 2004


• Two years: 2008 and 2009

• RCBD with 4 rep

• Data: • 50% flowering

• 95% maturity

• Mean number of pods per plant

• Total dry matter per plant

• Harvest index

• Mean 100 seed weight

• Grain yield

• Fodder yield


Agronomic traits from linear regression of the mean value of each character

for each cultivar against the year of first testing for that cultivar.


Mean values and correlation coef. Of traits with grain yield


Relationship between mean grain yield and year of breeding Kamara et al., 2011


• The average rate of increase per year per release period

(1980–1996) was 24.2 kg ha–1, which is 2.2%. Fodder yield

also showed an annual increase of 22.81 kg ha–1 yr–1.

• Old varieties had 50% or more pod shattering while the

corresponding figure for new varieties was around 25%.

Soybean


• In the medium varieties, grain yield increased linearly from 1184 kg ha-1to

1764 kg ha-1. The annual rate of progress against year of release was 23.61

kg ha-1 (1.99%).

• For late varieties, grain yield ranged from 1569 kg ha-1 to 2303 kg ha-1.

The annual rate of breeding progress was 22.23 kg ha-1 or 1.42%.

• The overall yield of the late maturing varieties was 19% higher than the

medium maturing varieties.


8/ 27/ 16 4:27 PMGenetic Gains from 30 Years of Cassava Breeding in Nigeria for Stora…n Elite Cassava Genotypes: Journal of Crop Improvement: Vol 22, No 2

Page 1 of 4http:/ / www.tandfonline.com/ doi/ full/ 10.1080/ 15427520802212506?scroll= top&needAccess= true

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Volume 22, 2008 - Issue 2

Journal

Journal of Crop Improvement

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Research article

Genetic Gains from 30 Years of Cassava

Breeding in Nigeria for Storage Root

Yield and Disease Resistance in Elite

Cassava Genotypes

Download citation http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427520802212506

& R. U. Okechukwu A. G. O. Dixon

Page 181-208 Published online: 11 Oct 2008

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Translator disclaimer

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is crucial for both food

security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa

(SSA). Cassava improvement for SSA started at the

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in 1970, and

several improved lines with different characteristics have

been developed to date. The primary focus of breeding

work has been to increase root yield, early bulking,

tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and increased dry

matter content. This paper represents a study of 112

varieties cloned and introduced between 1970 and 2000,

and evaluated in 2003 and 2004 to quantify genetic gains

in root yield and disease resistance. The genetic gain per

year was 1.3% for fresh root yield, 1.2% for dry root yield,

0.65% for cassava mosaic disease resistance, 0.21% for

cassava anthracnose disease resistance, and -0.03% for

cassava bacterial blight disease resistance. Though there

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8/ 27/ 16 4:30 PMGenetic Gains from 30 Years of Cassava Breeding in Nigeria for Stora…n Elite Cassava Genotypes: Journal of Crop Improvement: Vol 22, No 2

Page 1 of 4http:/ / www.tandfonline.com/ doi/ full/ 10.1080/ 15427520802212506

Cart

Volume 22, 2008 - Issue 2

Journal

Journal of Crop Improvement

39Views

0CrossRef citations

Research article

Genetic Gains from 30 Years of Cassava

Breeding in Nigeria for Storage Root

Yield and Disease Resistance in Elite

Cassava Genotypes

Download citation http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427520802212506

& R. U. Okechukwu A. G. O. Dixon

Page 181-208 Published online: 11 Oct 2008

Select Language ▼

Translator disclaimer

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is crucial for both food

security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa

(SSA). Cassava improvement for SSA started at the

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in 1970, and

several improved lines with different characteristics have

been developed to date. The primary focus of breeding

work has been to increase root yield, early bulking,

tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and increased dry

matter content. This paper represents a study of 112

varieties cloned and introduced between 1970 and 2000,

and evaluated in 2003 and 2004 to quantify genetic gains

in root yield and disease resistance. The genetic gain per

year was 1.3% for fresh root yield, 1.2% for dry root yield,

0.65% for cassava mosaic disease resistance, 0.21% for

cassava anthracnose disease resistance, and -0.03% for

cassava bacterial blight disease resistance. Though there

Figures & data References Metrics Reprints & Permissions Get access

+ Full Article

Log in | Register

• The genetic gain per year was 1.3% for fresh root yield, 1.2%

for dry root yield, 0.65% for cassava mosaic disease resist.,

0.21% for cassava anthracnose disease resistance, and

-0.03% for cassava bacterial blight disease resistance.

Cassava


8/ 27/ 16 3:08 PMGenetic gains from selection for high grain yield and Striga resistan…e breeding periods under Str iga- infested and Striga- free environments

Page 1 of 4http:/ / www.sciencedirect.com/ science/ art icle/ pii/ S0378429013001159

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.03.022

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•

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Field Crops Research

Volume 147, June 2013, Pages 54–67

Genetic gains from selection for high grain yield and Striga

resistance in early maturing maize cultivars of three breeding

periods under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments

B. Badu-Aprakua, , , C.G. Yalloub, M. Oyekunlea

a International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon

CR9 3EE, UKb Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Cotonou, Benin

Received 28 January 2013, Revised 23 March 2013, Accepted 23 March 2013, Available online 2 May

2013

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Highlights

Under Striga infestation, mean grain yield ranged from 2537 to 3122 kg ha−1 with a

corresponding annual genetic gain of 1.93%.

When Striga-free, grain yield ranged from 3646 to 4227 kg ha−1 with an annual

genetic gain of 1.0%.

Annual genetic gain in grain yield ranged from 0.86% for period 1 to 2.11% for

period 3 cultivars under Striga infestation.

For the emerged Striga plants, the annual genetic gain was −0.63% for 8 WAP and

−0.57% for 10 WAP for the breeding periods.

Cultivars 28, 14, 29, and 26 were the highest yielding and most stable across

Striga-infested environments.

Abstract

Maize is the most important staple cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and has

great potential to rectify the food insecurity in the sub-region. A study was conducted at

four locations two each in Nigeria and Benin in 2010 and 2011 to determine the rate of

genetic improvement in the grain yield of 50 maize cultivars developed during three

breeding periods, 1988–2000 (period 1), 2001–2006 (period 2) and 2007–2010 (period

2) under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions. Under Striga infestation, mean grain

yield ranged from 2537 kg ha−1 for the period 1 cultivars to 3122 kg ha−1 for period 3

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• Under Striga infestation, mean grain yield ranged from 2537 to 3122 kg ha−1 with a

corresponding annual genetic gain of 1.93%.

• When Striga-free, grain yield ranged from 3646 to 4227 kg ha−1 with an annual

genetic gain of 1.0%.

• Annual genetic gain in grain yield ranged from 0.86% for (1988-2000) to 2.11% for

(2007-2010) cultivars under Striga infestation.

•For the emerged Striga plants, the annual genetic gain was −0.63% for 8 WAP and

−0.57% for 10 WAP for the breeding periods.

Maize


• Gains in grain Yield of Early Maize Cultivars Development

During Three Breeding Eras Under Multiple Environments

B. Badu-Apraku, M. A. Fakorede, M. Oyekunle, G. C. Yallou, K. Obeng-Antwi,

Haruna, I. S. Usman and R. O. Akinwale

• The average rate of increase in grain yield under

optimum growing conditions was 40 kg ha−1 yr−1 with

a genetic gain of 1.3% yr−1, which was slightly higher

than the gain of 30 kg ha−1 yr−1, an annual genetic

gain of 1.2% across 16 stress environments.


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TL III_Genetic Gains at IITA

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