T.K. CHEMICAL(Industrial Tour)

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    Submitted To

    Dr. Manjur Morshed MahmudProfessor

    Department of Accounting & Information Systems

    University of Chittagong

    Chittagong.

    Submitted ByA.S.M Mezbah Uddin

    Program: BBA

    Class Roll:4503

    Exam Roll:2004 / 61

    Session: 2003-2004

    Reg No.-1393Dept. of AIS

    University of Chittagong.

    Submission date : Monday, August 31, 2009

    LETTER OF SUBMISSION

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    Date: 31st August, 2009.

    Dr. Monjur Morshed Mahmud.

    Professor,

    Department of Accounting & Information Systems,

    University of Chittagong.

    Subject: Solicitation for acceptance of the Industrial Tour Report.

    Dear Sir,

    I have pleasure in forwarding my Industrial Tour report on T. K Chemical

    Complex LTD. That have assigned me to prepare as the analytical requirement of

    my BBA (4th Year) course under the Department of Accounting & Information

    Systems, C.U. During preparing my report, I have learnt many interesting things

    about the total management system of industry. I have tried my level best to be

    conclusive & terse while preparing the report. My intention was never directed to

    undermine anyone concerned.

    I sincerely hope that you would be kind enough to accept my tour report for

    evaluation and thus oblige.

    Sincerely yours;

    A. S. M Mezbah Uddin.

    Exam. Roll No.-2004/61, Class Roll:4503.

    Session: 2003/2004.

    Department of Accounting & Information Systems,

    University of Chittagong.

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    Preface

    The Industrial Tour is a program that is essential for gathering

    practical knowledge, because practical knowledge has no

    alternative. A perfect co-ordination between through and practice

    is of paramount importance in the context of the modern business

    world. In order to resole the dichotomy between these two areas,

    the department of Accounting and Information Systems of

    University of Chittagong arranges Industrial Tour Program a

    practical complication of final examination B.B.A. course. This

    program is very important to complete his/ her B.B.A. course.

    Industrial program brings students closer to the business practical

    and thereby help them to substantiate knowledge so that they

    can prepare themselves to start a successful career.

    As the student of Business Faculty, I got the adventurous though

    of the program under our department of Accounting & Information

    Systems. The program intends to provide practical training in

    handling of managing jobs as well as integrate the knowledge of

    financial analysis, formulas, frameworks and models.

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    I have the immense pleasure and sat isfaction in present ing report ,

    which is termination of my project works at T. K. Chemical Complex

    Ltd.

    The success of this report depends on the contribution of many people,

    especially those who spare time to share their mindfully art of judging

    of merits and faults and have given valuable suggestions. From the

    very outset I would especially like to extend thank to my departmental

    guide honorable teacher Professor Dr. Monjur Morshed Mahmud ,

    Department of Account ing & Information Systems, Universi ty of

    Chi ttagong whose inspirat ion and considerat ion during the ent ire

    program made it possible to prepare this report.

    I would like to extend my thanks to the contributors of generous help

    from whom I have received much information about T.K. Chemical

    Complex Ltd.

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    SL

    NO.

    TOPICS PAGE NO.

    1 INTRODUCTION 6

    2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE

    STUDY

    7

    3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 8

    4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 9

    5 T. K Chemical COmplex AT A GLANCE 10

    5 GENERAL INFORMATION OF PAPER UNIT 12

    6 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF

    THE ORGANIZATION

    13

    7 CAPITAL INTIAL 14

    8 ANNUAL SALE 14

    9 ANNUAL PROFIT 14

    10 ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVES OF

    PAPER

    16

    11 BUDGETARY SYSTEM 17

    12 HRM PRACTICE 21

    13 EVALUTION 2214 TRANSPORTAION 22

    15 ADVERTISMENT 23

    15 SALES TARGET 23

    16 DUTIES AND TAXES 23

    17 HURDLE FACING IN MARKETING 23

    18 EXPENDING MARKET 24

    19 MARKETING PROBLEM 24

    8 MANAGERIAL PRACTICES 25

    11 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 27

    12 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 27

    13 RECOMMENDATION 31

    14 CONCLUSION 32

    15 REFERENCES 33

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    Introduction

    The Term Industrial Tour refers to a report on some industry visiting them physically, observing

    their process of production/ operation, and gathering relevant data from the management

    personnel, analyzing & evaluating the findings & drawing comments on the performance of thesample enterprises. As a part of 4th year BBA Program, I have visited T.K Chemical complex

    Ltd. & reported on the performance of the company.

    Performance means accomplishment of an expected course of action. Management makes efforts

    to steer the organization towards destination.

    Evaluation is the process of identifying the financial strengths and weakness of the company.Performance Measurement of a company has been the subject matter of decision to planners,

    administrators, managers, Economist and academicians since long. There is a need for

    comprehensive consideration company so that their performance can be objectively evaluated. We

    have emphasized the promotional and marketing activities of this company.

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    METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDYThis report is prepared on the basis of the practical experience gained during the period

    of industrial tour. The information has been collected from primary sources as well

    as secondary sources. I prepared a questionnaire submitted to the management of

    the company, which helped a lot to get much quantitative data

    Primary Sources:

    Group discussion with companys management officials ranks from low to top level.

    Questionnaire submitted to the management of the company.

    Primary information related to distribution has been colleted from the sales department

    of the company.

    Practical experience gained by visiting the factory and the related departments.

    By holding long conversation with responsible executives of different departments.

    Secondary Sources:

    Secondary information has been collected from the literature; articles, journals, paper

    and different textbooks are also used when textbook related data is required to

    quote.

    Handbill provided by the company while making industrial tour.

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    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

    The main objective of the study is to evaluate the management, production,

    marketing, accounting, financial principles as well as overall performance of the

    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. More specifically, the study covers the following

    objectives.

    To know about the company profile;

    To have an idea about their purchase policy;

    To attain information about their marketing policies and practices;

    To gain knowledge about their quality policy and assess their conformance;

    To gather information about their financial performance;

    To measure their productivity;

    To measure the impact of productivity on the performance measured through

    profitability;

    To evaluate the role of T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd in the creation of

    employment

    To examine the shortcomings and suggest possible guidelines necessary to

    overcome them.

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    LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

    I have just tried to the extreme level to collect the maximum information from T.K. Chemical

    Complex Ltd. But this report is not free from shortfalls. While I preparing the report, I faced some

    problems or limitations, which are given below:

    1. The industrial tour was only for one day that is not enough to make a study

    successful.

    2. Lack of adequate time also caused some constraints to the study.

    3. Some data could not be collected for the confidentiality and official secrecy of the

    company.

    4. It is very difficult to discuss marketing practices of the company separately.

    5. Our personal limitation, as still our group members are not institutionally and

    educationally sufficient matured, to prepare this report is also noteworthy.

    6. My personal limitation also contributes greatly in making the study less perfect then

    desired.7. I, therefore, hope that the study will be evaluated subject to the recognition of the

    above-mentioned shortcomings.

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    T. K. CHEMICAL COMPLEX AT A GLANCE

    M. A. Tayab

    M.A. Kalam

    S.M. Kalim Ullah, psc

    (Retd.)

    T. K. CHEMICAL COMPLEX LTD.

    83, Khatunganj, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

    (88-031) 636 245, 618 095-6, 617 837, 620 984, 621 483

    (88-031) 636 381, 631 583

    [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

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    Management Mr. M. A. Tayab, ChairmanMr. M.A. Kalam, Managing Director

    Group Captain S.M. Kalim Ullah, psc (Retd.) General Manger(CCIFB

    Member)

    Company Status Private Limited Company

    Number of

    Employee

    5000

    Nature of Business Commodity Trading, Manufacturing and Marketing of Consumer

    & industrial products like Edible Oils & Fats, Steel Galvanizing,Steel cold rolling, LP Gas Cylinder, Steel Drums & Plastic

    Containers, Paper, Cement Bags, Particle Board, Finished Leather,

    Tea Plantation & Shipping Services.

    Background T.K. Group began its journey in 1972 in commodity trading. The

    entrepreneur sprit of The founder's helped the business growand new ventures were launched in manufacturing & marketing

    of consumer & industrial producats. Over the years the group

    has emerged as one of the leading industrial group in

    Bangladesh with core strengths in edible oils & fats and alsohaving successfully diversied into other business categories

    like Steel Galvanizing, Steel Cold Rolling, Paper, Cement Bags,

    Particle Board, Finished Leather, Tea Plantation, etc.

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    Section A

    General Information of Paper unit

    1. Year of Establishment 1993.

    2. Commencement of Production date 1996.

    3. Management structure & the organization are the following.

    4. Products of the Unit: Various kinds of papers including Computers grade, Printing grade,

    Writing grade & Packaging grade etc. They dont produce any news print papers and also

    tissue papers they will produce it in future.

    5. Management Structure of the Organization

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    General Manager

    Advisor

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    DirectorOperation

    Director

    Marketing

    GM

    Accounts

    GM

    Finance

    AGM

    Manager

    Assistant

    Manager

    Senior

    Officer

    DGM

    Officer

    Assistant

    Manager

    Manager

    AGM

    DGM

    Officer

    Senior

    Officer

    Manager

    AGM

    DGM

    Manager

    Senior

    Officer

    Officer

    DGM

    AGM

    Manager

    Manager

    Officer

    Senior

    Officer

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    6.Capital: Initial Capital 50 crores (App).

    Present fund of capital 400 crores (App).

    7.Annual sales:

    Year Annual Sales (Taka)

    2006 122 Chores (App)

    2007 146 Chores (App)

    2008 173 Chores (App)

    2009 198 Chores (App)

    8. Annual Profit of the company:

    Year Annual profit (Taka)

    2006 4 Chores 61 Lakhs (app)

    2007 4 Chores 95 Lakhs (app)

    2008 5 Chores 97 Lakhs (app)

    2009 6 Chores 93 Lakhs (app)

    Section B

    1. Books of Account: Usually every books are kept such as trial balance,

    subsidiary ledger, Bank reconciliation etc. For modernization they use

    computers software such as tally, sis care etc.

    2. Flow of transaction: Flow of transaction is of two types.

    a. Collection.

    b. Payment.

    Collection process:

    Payment Process:

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    Sales Finance Accounts

    Accounts Finance Customer

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    3. Accounts Statements: They use various accounting statements such as,

    a. Cash flow statement.

    b. Balance sheet.

    c. Income statement.

    d. Retained earnings statement.

    e. Ledger.

    F. Bank reconciliation.

    g. MIS.

    4. Who prepares the Accounting statement:

    Data posting ------------------------senior officer.

    Check the data posting--------------Assistant Manager.

    Prepare all information------------Manager & deputy manager.

    5. Destination:

    To advisor one copy.

    Director of operation one copy.

    Managing director one copy.

    Chairman one copy.

    5. Uses of the statement: There are many uses accounting statement Tax &

    VAT purpose.

    Internal Audit.

    Making group financial position.

    MIS for group.

    Bank & others financial organization.

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    Organization objective of paper Unit

    The company has a lot of minor and major objectives out of which few are

    mentioned below:

    1. To provide standard paper.

    2. To capture a good market.

    3. To export the product in future.

    4. To earn a handsome profit.

    5. To market the rod at an affordable cost.

    6. To do different social activities.

    7. Overall to provide the best service.

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    Part C

    Budgetary system of the organization.

    Types of Budget

    Flexible Budget:

    A flexible budget is a budget which is designed to change in accordance with the level of

    activity actually attained.

    The object of a flexible budget is to assess what any individual cost should have been in

    view of the actual level of activity attained.

    Flexible budgets are necessary for control; a managers actual achievement can only be

    compared with what he should have achieved in the actual circumstances prevailing, not

    with what he should have achieved under quite different circumstances.

    Functional Budget:

    Functional budget relate to the various functions of a firm. The following are the functional

    budgets commonly found:-

    a) Cash Budget: Cash budget is another important budget. It is a forecast of cash position

    for a period.

    Its object is to indicate the flow of funds and their requirements. It takes into account the

    amount received from sales cash sales and payments made by credit customers and the

    expenditure to be incurred in cash - both capital and revenue.

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    b) Sales Budget: This is often the starting budget since usually the limiting factor is sales.

    The sales budget is a forecast of total sales which may be expressed in monetary and

    quantitative terms.

    c) Purchase Budget: The purchase budget represents the purchases to be made during thebudget period. It is closely allied to the other budgets, specially the production budget. This

    will include direct and indirect materials and services. However, finished goods are

    purchased for resale. The purchase budget should take into consideration the requirements

    of finished goods for resale.

    d) Production Budget: Production budget is drawn up after taking into account the

    expected opening stock, the estimated sales and the desired closing stock of each article.

    Production budget is a forecast of the production for the budget period.

    e) Capital Expenditure Budget: Capital expenditure budget is closely connected with the

    production budget which will show how much machine capacity is needed and when. it is

    the planned outlay on fixed assets such as, plant and machinery, land and building, motor

    cars etc. during the budget period. This enables one to determine what new machines have

    to be installed and at what time.

    Factory budget

    Production Budget: Production budget is prepared by project director.

    Financial budget: Financial budget is prepared by sales manager.

    Sales & Marketing budget: This budget is prepared by Director Operation &

    Director Marketing.

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    What information is required?Production Budget:

    a. To know the market demand & supply.

    b. To know the inventory position.

    Purchase Budget:

    a. To know the production Budget.

    b. To know the account payable position.

    c. to know supplies cash & credit.

    d. to know the cost budget.

    e. to know the account receivable position.

    Information those are required in sales & marketing budget:

    a. Demand and supply.

    b. Competitors position.

    c. Cost budget.

    Limitation of budget: One of the major limitations is lead time problem is

    major problem.

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    HRM Practice

    Recruiting Policy: Internal Recruiting policy is followed by the Mgt. They never advertise anyvacancy either on newspaper or internet or any other types of media. This practice is done

    To avoid extra burden of mgt task

    To reduce cost relating to recruitment

    Recruiting Nature: Generally Co. recruits

    Skilled

    Semi SkilledUnskilled Manpower

    Working Hour Practice: HRM follows three working Shift in a day consisting 8 hours a shift.

    Salary Structure: HRM follows labor laws & BEPZA rules for salary structure.

    Overtime :Overtime is paid twice over the normal wage rate

    Fringe benefit: HRM offers fringe benefits covering

    Yearly two Eid bonus

    Medical Allowance

    Transportation Allowance.

    Working Environment: Working environment of the factory is nice. Production layout &office layout is scientific.

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    Evaluation

    Productivity measure: It has two types of processing system

    Manual system

    Automated System

    Manual System: It has lower productivity & high idle time in system failure but offer largeemployment opportunity.

    Automated system: It has high productivity & high maintenance cost and offer lower

    employment opportunity.

    HRM practice: HR policy is lucrative & fruitful for the worker. We see nice relationshipbetween worker & superior. Line of staff & job responsibility is congenial to the operation

    Process.

    Safety Measure: As far our observation safety measure is not adequate. We see some workerworks without wearing musk, gloves. We did not see any fire extinguisher inside the factory for

    instant protect against fire.

    Transportation

    Transportation is a necessary function of marketing because most of the markets

    are geographically separated from the area of production. On the basis of products

    to required the various types of mode of transports to the place of consumption. In

    this context the company likes the sea and land transportation to carry on their

    products. But the company normally prepared on the sea transportation because it

    contains on large volume of product at a time. Frequently, the transportation cost

    would be minimized. The company has an own transport department. The air

    transportation use only for urgency met the customer demand. Sometimes, this air

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    transportation is used for emergency treatment of any top-level executive or their

    family members.

    Advertisement

    This company does not follow any advertisement strategy for creating market

    demand. T. K. Chemical Complex Ltd. always tries to maintain the product

    quality. This is their only promotional activity for attracting for native buyers.

    Because this company is completely different from any other type of production

    oriented company in regard of buyer attractiveness, buyer convince and getting

    order from buyer. As a result, in most of the times, the company get the order from

    world reputed branded products.

    Sales Target

    The company has sales target only for national market. But T. K. Chemical

    complex Ltd. does not follow the research and development program for

    developing their sales volume or product quality.

    In T.K Chemical Complex Ltd., there is a sales center, but does not follow the

    traditional price discount system even not provide after sales service. Besides this,

    there is only the particular target for delivering timely the quality products to the

    enlisted buyers.

    Duties and Taxes

    The company is a regular contributor to the national exchequer. No tax is due by

    any one of the units as per computation certified under rules 64 A.

    Hurdles Facing in Marketing

    The company is facing some common problems in its marketing activities.

    Transportation in rural areas is a major problem to expand its market. Another

    problem is its marketing force. T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. also faces a

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    competitive marketing environment that makes it be aware of its pricing, product

    quality, advertising techniques etc.

    Best techniques for Expanding Market

    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. is always trying to expand its market volume, share

    applying the techniques of quality product, competitive price, on time delivery,

    relationship management, proper advertising etc. It also follows product approach

    in its marketing techniques.

    Marketing Problem :

    Because T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. is a private organization and process short

    business activity in this country. Although it is worldwide experience, skilled

    management and rich compensation policy has played vital role to minimize some

    of the problem like worker unrest, absenteeism and administrative etc.

    Some problems are:

    1. Sometimes govt. rules and regulation restrict T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd.

    normal processing operation. The govt. of Bangladesh always keeps close

    eyes on its activities. For changing prices, new plant installation, raw

    materials, and procurement etc. The company has to seek necessary

    permission from the govt. obviously the govt. cannot always meet its

    expectation.

    2. T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. uses packaging materials for local suppliers,

    printing, paper, wrapper, carton making etc, of this company which are

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    relatively inferior in quality than those of developed countries. The

    supplier often fails to honor time commitment in delivery.

    3. Political instability is another serious operational concern forT.K.

    Chemical Complex Ltd. Particularly we have to see that Bangladesh

    witnessed frequently changes in govt. policies and regulations.

    The key points of management practices of T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. Are

    discussed below:

    Mission:

    The mission or purpose identifies the basic function or task of an enterprise or

    agency or of any part of it. Every kind of organized operation has, at least should

    have if it is to be meaningful, purposes or missions. The purpose or mission of a

    business organization generally is the production and distribution of goods and

    services.

    In our visiting organization, the main mission or purpose of T.K. Chemical

    Complex Ltd. is to create or increase profit as a production oriented company.

    Goals and Objectives:Objectives or goals are defined as the important ends toward which organizational

    and individual activities are directed. Objectives state end results. Clear and

    verifiable objectives facilitate measurement of the surplus as well as the

    effectiveness and efficiency of managerial actions.

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    MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

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    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. considers the increase of production as a factor of

    setting organizational goals and objectives.

    Policies and Procedures: The term strategy has been used in different ways. One

    of the most comprehensive definitions refers to the determination of basic long-

    term objectives and courses of action and allocations of resources to achieve these

    aims.

    On the other hand, Policies are general statements or understandings, which guide

    managers thinking in decision-making. They ensure that decisions falls under

    certain boundaries.

    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. has the established rules, procedures, policies or

    strategies. But they could not provide that for their business secrecy.

    Planning Process:

    Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve

    them, it requires decision making. T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. also has a strong

    planning process in which the authority has to formulate these plans. Most of the

    time top-level management makes decisions.

    MBO or MBE:

    Management by Objective (MBO) is a comprehensive managerial system that

    integrates many key managerial activities in a systematic manner and that is

    consciously directed toward the effective and efficient achievement of

    organizational and individual objectives.

    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. encourages MBO or Management by Exception

    (MBE) as a basis of decision-making.

    Specialization and Departmentalization:

    This company follows work specialization for every employee. Work

    specialization refers to every employees should specialized in the particular field.

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    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. does not follow generalization. And the company

    generally follows the product departmentalization.

    Span of Control:

    The number of subordinates a manager can effectively and efficiently direct.

    Wider span are more efficient in term of cost. However at some point wider pan

    reduce effectiveness. That is, when the span becomes too large, employee

    performance suffers because supervisors no longer have the times to provide the

    necessary leadership and support.

    Narrow span have three major drawbacks.

    1. They are expensive because they add level of management

    2. They make vertical communication in the organization more complex

    3. Narrow span of control encourage overly tight supervision and discourage

    employees autonomy.

    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. follows narrow span of control and manage

    effectively.

    Decision Making:

    Decision-making is defined as selection of a course of action from among

    alternatives; it is at the core of planning. Decision-making may be either

    centralized or decentralized. The decision making process of that company is

    centralized by the authority. The lower level managers cannot participate in the

    decision-making.

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    The financial management is the custodian of the finance of the organization. The

    department keeps all records of the payment and earnings, operating companys

    account with the bank, arrange funds as per requirement and deals with income tax

    for the tax matter of the company. This department is responsible for maintaining

    proper account of the companys property and maintaining liaison with the owner

    for the financial matters regularly. The key elements of financial management of

    T.K. CHEMICAL COMPLEX LTD. are discussed below:

    FINANCIAL ANALYSIS:

    Financial analysis involves analysis about different entries of balance sheet and

    income statement by which the financial strength and weakness of a firm can trace

    out. One of the widely used financial analyses is ratio analysis.

    Financial analysis is essential for different parties for taking investment decision.

    From the investors standpoint, predicting the future is what financial statement

    analysis is all about, while form managements standpoint, financial statement

    analysis is useful both as a way to anticipate future condition and more important

    as a starting point for planning action that influence the future course of events.

    Capital and Capital Structure:

    The main source of capital is the directors investment and the local bank in the

    company. The capital structure normally follow paid up capital. Since the company

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    FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

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    always takes the order from native buyer so that the source of capital must be the

    native investment.

    But in my practical findings, the company does not provide any type of financialstatement due to their business secrecy.

    Market Share:

    T.K. Chemical Complex Ltd. does not enter share market. Therefore the company

    has no market share. It is a private limited business entity.

    Short term and long term Financing:

    Most of the firm use short term financing to meet temporarily short falls, while

    permanent capital (long term dept and equity) is used to meet long-term capital

    requirement. There are four basic source of short term financing.

    Account payable

    Bank loan

    Commercial paper

    Accruals

    T.K. CHEMICAL COMPLEX LTD. provides short-term finance from companys

    own sources. Long term finance provide by directors and banks. The company has

    no problems of internal financing.

    Financial Risk:

    Since the companys main source of capital is the native investment, so there is no

    financial risk in case of financial investment. There are 10 persons in the

    organization who are engaged in financial management under the direct

    supervision of financial manager.

    COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS:

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    Cost benefit Analysis (CBA) is a tool used either to rank projects or to choose the

    most appropriate option. The ranking or decision is based on expected economic

    costs and benefits. The rule is that a project should be undertaken if lifetime

    expected benefits exceeds all expected costs. The art of the analysis process comes

    in the measurement of these impacts, their adjustment for market failure, and for

    the effects of time, income distribution, incomplete information and potentially

    irreversible consequences. A principle of western economics since Adam Smith is

    that the market knows best. In a perfect world, the market would ensure that land,

    labor and capital were allocated in a way that would maximize both profits, and the

    welfare of society. Ours is an imperfect world, but CBA is a tool that allows the

    analyst to mimic the welfare optimizing behavior of the market. Although

    complexities arise when costs and benefits are being measured and corrected, CBA

    is a simple tool with numerous uses and applications, especially in the

    environmental assessment sphere. Its use increases accountability and consistency

    in decision-making.

    Applications Of Cost Benefit Analysis:

    CBA is used at two basic levels. In the private sector financial CBA is used to

    justify equipment and technology investments; measure life cycle costs; meet

    regulations cost-effectively; and quantify hidden costs and intangible benefits. It is

    also a useful tool to show how outsourcing and leasing can result in cost savings,

    and how quality improvements can affect returns. Social CBA is used to appraise

    the social merit of projects or policies. The projects may be public or private, and

    the analysis is typically used to inform public decision makers. This type of CBA

    is the form typically used in EIAs. It can be used to:

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    1. Evaluate or rank the feasibility of projects. Decision makers to determine

    whether a single activity or project should be undertaken, or to rank competing

    projects or policies use CBA.

    2.Analyze the effect of regulation.A typical purpose of new public regulations is

    to reduce or eliminate specified risks to environmental quality. While scientific and

    engineering estimates can indicate how and by what amount the proposed

    regulations will reduce the risk, the optimal level of intervention still has to be

    established. CBA can help inform this process; it can also indicate whether the risk

    would be more effectively addressed through private action, new regulation, or

    stronger enforcement of existing statutes.

    3. Justify equipment and technology investment. CBA can be used to determine

    whether a new investment in equipment or technology for government is an

    efficient use of the taxpayers money.

    4. Determine the most effective way to cut costs, especially in capital planning:

    CBA provides a simple method to implement cost-effective capital planning.

    5. Determine the relative benefits of outsourcing and leasing. A traditional

    function of the state is the provision of public goods. These are goods (such as

    lighthouses or public immunization schemes) that are not depleted by use and from

    whose benefits the public is not excluded if they refuse to pay. However, many of

    the goods and services provided by the state have a private goods component.

    Where this is the case, outsourcing part of a project may reduce costs and improve

    quality. CBA can be used to identify such opportunities.

    THE BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS:

    The break-even analysis is the most widely known in organization. For this reason,

    many use the two terms interchangeably. Break-even analysis is specific way of

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    presenting and studying the inter-relationship between costs, volume and profits. It

    provides information to management in most lucid and precise manner. It is an

    effective and efficient financial reporting system.

    The break-even analysis establishes a relationship between revenues and costs with

    respect to volume it indicates the level of sales at which cost and revenues are in

    equilibrium. The equilibrium point is commonly known as the break-even point.

    The break-even point is that point of sales volume at which total revenue is equal

    to total costs. It is a no-profit, no-loss point.

    On the basis of findings of the study, I would like to recommend the followings:

    1. T.K. CHEMICAL COMPLEX LTD. is supposed to arrange some

    training program to improve the efficiency of the helpers & operators.

    2. Company is capable of arrange half yearly get together to improve the

    relationship between the Management & workers.

    3. Customer service can be improved. For this purpose management can

    arrange yearly get together with the consumers (Buyers).

    4. The Company must have to appoint at least medium educated & Skill

    person.

    5. The Company can develop the advertising promotion.

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    Recommendations:

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    6. The salary system should be well structured regarding the job

    responsibilities.

    During the recruitment, the board should consider the academic discipline of the

    candidates for the proposed positions.

    Management is a continuous process and whenever the continuity interrupts,

    mismanagement is must to occur. And in most of the cases management skilldeficiency stand behind it. So the process requires a continuous reviewing for

    developing skills of the managers. But in our country no study has been made on

    this regard. The educational institutes should be more research oriented. So they

    should involve with the related organizations so that they can provide more

    practical knowledge. And also the organizations should take initiatives to make a

    lesson with the faculties so that they may up-to-date their knowledge.

    We should do away from HR if fails to add value and impedes performance. Of

    course we should do HR- if it creates value and delivers result. The issues with

    which HR professional deal are at the heart of the organizational success.

    Understanding, leveraging, capabilities and HR issues will lead to successful

    organizations and successful leaders.

    From the previous discussion it is apparent that the overall personal right of the

    workers and employees in the T. K. Chemical Complex Ltd. is suitable. This is

    mostly possible due to the foreign buyers compliances.

    However, this program has helped me to learn a lot of practical knowledge.

    Finally, I would like to render gratitude to my respected teacher and supervisor

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    CONCLUSION

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    Professor Dr. Manjur Morshed Mahmud, Department of Accounting &

    Information Systems, University of Chittagong, for arranging this program.

    Profile of T. K. Chemical Complex Ltd.

    Standard questioners

    Annual report of T. K. Chemical Complex Ltd.

    Human Resource Key Factor:

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    REFERENCE