TITLE : Plan Of Study For EIA AUTHORS : B. Dalton Nemai ...
Transcript of TITLE : Plan Of Study For EIA AUTHORS : B. Dalton Nemai ...
TITLE : Plan Of Study For EIA
AUTHORS : B. Dalton Nemai Consulting
C. Chidley Nemai Consulting
STUDY NAME : Hazelmere Dam Raising EIA
REPORT STATUS : Final
DATE : April 2007
DEAT REF. NO. N/A
KZN DAEA REF. NO.: EIA/2314
Approved By Nemai Consulting C.C. ___________________________________ C.T. Chidley Project Leader
DWAF Nemai Consulting
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. BACKGROUND TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT................................................................. 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1
1.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ........................................................................ 5
2. PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN OF STUDY FOR EIR.................................................................. 7
2.1. LISTED ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................... 8
3. DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT AND CONSULTANT.......................................................... 10
3.1. APPLICANT ................................................................................................................. 10
3.2. INDEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT.................................................. 10
4. ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION PROCESS TO DATE............................................. 11
4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION PROCESS PRIOR TO 9TH FEBRUARY 2007
12
4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION PROCESS AFTER THE 9TH FEBRUARY 2007
12
5. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS.................................................. 14
5.1. SUMMARY OF ISSUES............................................................................................... 14
5.2. RANKING OF ISSUES................................................................................................. 19
5.3. REASONABLE PROJECT ALTERNATIVES IDENTIFIED AND CONSIDERED........ 19
5.4. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED ................................................................. 20
6. EIA METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................... 40
6.1. CONSULTATION WITH AUTHORITIES ..................................................................... 40
6.2. UPDATE SPECIALIST STUDIES ................................................................................ 41
6.3. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS (PPP) .............................................................. 41
6.4. EIR ............................................................................................................................... 44
7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 51
7.1. NEED FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.................................................................. 51
7.2. WAY FORWARD.......................................................................................................... 51
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LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1 Critical impacts and suggested mitigation measures identified from a SIA .................. 30
Table 5.2 Estimated Average Monthly Flow Requirements for the Mdloti Estuary ....................... 37
Table 6.1 Assessment criteria for the evaluation of impacts......................................................... 45
Table 6.2 Definition of significance ratings.................................................................................... 46
Table 6.3 Definition of probability ratings ...................................................................................... 47
Table 6.4 Definition of confidence ratings ..................................................................................... 47
Table 6.5 Expected Time Frames for the EIA process for the Raising of Hazelmere Dam.......... 49
Table 7.1 Summary of Section 5.4: additional information required ............................................. 51
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
BIA Biophysical Impact Assessment
BID Background Information Document
DAEA Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs
DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism
DME Department of Minerals and Energy
DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
ECA Environment Conservation Act (Act 73 of 1989)
EFR Estuarine Freshwater requirement
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIR Environmental Impact Report
EMC Ecological Management Class
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ESR Environmental Scoping Report
FSL Full Supply Level
GIS Geographic Information System
Gl-1 Grams per litre (Measure of dissolved oxygen concentration)
ha Hectare (Equivalent to 10 000m2)
I&APs Interested and Affected Parties
IFR Instream Flow Requirement
km Kilometer
KZN KwaZulu-Natal
m3 Cubic Meters
m3/a Cubic Meters per Annum
MAR Mean Annual Runoff
masl Meters Above Sea Level
MMTS-2 Mooi-Mgeni Transfer Scheme Phase Two
NCRWC North Coast Regional Water Corporation
PMC Project Management Committee
PoS Plan of Study
PPP Public Participation Process
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PSP Professional Service Provider
RMF Regional Maximum Flood
RoD Record of Decision
SASS South African Scoring System
SEF Safety Evaluation Flood
SIA Social Impact Assessment
UW Umgeni Water
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1. BACKGROUND TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
1.1. Introduction
The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) and Umgeni Water have
identified an urgent need to augment water supply to the North Coast Region of
KwaZulu-Natal. In a report titled the North Coast Supply System Infrastructure
Master Plan, initiated by Umgeni Water, recognition of the need to increase water
availability to this region was identified and a number of methods proposed and
investigated. This was to become a dynamic model into which new projects and
findings could be integrated to address water concerns for the North Coast
Region. A proposal to raise Hazelmere Dam formed part of this report. This
process also considered alternative means of increasing the availability of water
to this region. These include Demand Management and the construction of the
proposed Isithundu Dam on the main Mvoti River.
With recent increases in development within the North Coast Region and
reductions in volumes available for supply due to siltation and fluctuations in
rainfall, assurance of supply has decreased to an unacceptable level for a
metropolitan area. The raising of Hazelmere Dam on the Mdloti River, north of
Durban and about 5km north of the town of Verulam, was found to be the most
viable option to augment this water demand. DWAF and Umgeni Water made an
application for authorisation in January 2001 and clearly identified the activities
involved with the proposed development and some preliminary issues needing
further investigation and possible mitigation. KZN DAEA reference number for
the project is EIA/2314.
To this end, Knight Piésold Consulting was contracted to prepare an
Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and a feasibility study for the proposed
raising of Hazelmere Dam, completed in June 2002 (DWAF Report No. PB
U300-00-0701; UW Report No. U3/02/F/8.10.3/EIA). The EIR and feasibility
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study conducted included a public participation process (PPP) and a number of
specialist studies (Refer to Section 5.4 below). However, due to a change in
water demand, the proposed raising of Hazelmere Dam was postponed until
demand justified the development. Therefore the implementation of this project
was delayed, during which time water demand within the region was monitored
and demand management principles implemented. However, with recent
increase for water demanded by the development of the North Coast Region, this
proposal has been resurrected and is in urgent need. Nemai Consulting C.C. has
been appointed by DWAF as an independent environmental consultant to review
and update the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the proposed raising
of Hazelmere Dam and to obtain the necessary approval.
1.1.1. Hazelmere Dam Phase One (1976)
In order to provide a reliable water supply to irrigation development in the
area and an increase in water demand from both urban and industrial users,
the North Coast Regional Water Corporation (NCRWC) (now Umgeni
Water) investigated a number of sites within the North Coast Region for the
construction of a dam to meet the increase in demand. A number of
methods for the construction of the dam wall were also investigated. A
concrete gravity dam to be completed in two phases was found to be the
most suitable structure. This was approved by Parliament in 1971 (White
Paper K-’71) and the first phase of the construction of Hazelmere Dam was
completed in 1976. To facilitate the second phase of construction, concrete
piers were incorporated into the dam wall for the support of steel radial
gates.
Hydrological surveys of Hazelmere Dam’s Full Supply Level (FSL) indicate
a capacity of 23.901 million m3 for the current contour level of 85.98masl.
Based on a sediment survey conducted in June 1993 by DWAF this volume
was reduced by 6.043 million m3 due to sediment, comprising 25% of the
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FSL. The proposed raising of Hazelmere Dam to contour level 93.00masl
would increase the FSL to 43.601 million m3.
1.1.2. Hazelmere Dam Phase Two (Proposed)
During the planning of Hazelmere Dam and anticipating the second phase
to development, the majority of the dam basin was expropriated for the FSL
of 93masl. However, a portion of land in the vicinity of the inflow into the
dam was not expropriated (Oakford Priory area) and this was in keeping
with state policy where land is only expropriated when absolutely necessary
and therefore not excluding opportunity for freehold land ownership.
A reduction to the original gross storage capacity of Hazelmere Dam from
approximately 21 million m3 to about 16.8 million m3 in 1999 was as a direct
result of increased sedimentation. A singular flood event in 1984 (Demoina)
reduced the storage capacity by 10%. From revised inflow data for
Hazelmere Dam (2001), water yield was calculated as 14.4 million m3/a with
a 99.5% assurance of supply and the additional provision of a Reserve
requirement for Ecological Management Class (EMC) C (11.4 million m3/a).
However, in 2001, the irrigation requirement alone was approximately 12.6
million m3/a with urban requirements being variable. The Umgeni Water
treatment works can handle 7.3 million m3/a. Additionally only 5.2 million
m3/a was released for the environment in the form of an ecological Reserve,
being only 8% of the Mean Annual Runoff (MAR) for the catchment. Raising
the FSL to 93masl will supply demands at the required assurance until 2030
if irrigation use is stopped.
The high rate of sedimentation coupled with increasing urban and industrial
demands for water prompted the undertaking of a feasibility study for the
raising of Hazelmere Dam and was completed in November 2002 (DWAF
Report No. PB U300-00-0901; UW Report No. U3/02F/02). This technical
study had a parallel Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process and
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this was completed in June 2002 (DWAF Report No. PB U300-00-0701;
UW Report No. U3/02F/20).
Recommendations from the feasibility study can be summarised as follows:
1. The dam FSL be raised by the installation of conventional radial gates
on the spillway crest as per the original design and as verified by
environmental feasibility study;
2. The standby generator required to operate the gates under emergency
conditions be installed at a position higher than the non-overspill crest
of the dam;
3. A model study be conducted to establish the sequence in which the
gates should be opened to minimise scouring of the downstream river
channel;
4. Gate opening as well as the gate opening sequence be automatic as
the water level in the reservoir rises to ensure the safety of the dam
and to minimise flooding downstream of the dam;
5. Installation of gates be scheduled to take place during the dry season
to minimise the risk of flooding;
6. The public participation programme, including public meetings, be
resumed as soon as a decision is made to proceed with the raising;
7. The Reserve be formally determined prior to finalising operating rules
and final yield estimates for the raised dam;
8. A detailed environmental management plan be developed to guide the
various activities associated with the construction and operating
phases of the raised dam. The plan must include details of monitoring
requirements and be submitted to DEAT for approval;
9. The dam zonation plan be reviewed for the raised FSL scenario to
ensure a proper balance between functionality, development,
recreation and conservation.
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1.2. Description of the Study Area
Hazelmere Dam (29o 35’ 53S 31o 02’ 34E – center of the dam wall) is located
approximately 5km north-west of the town of Verulam on the Mdloti River. This
forms part of the Magisterial District of Verulam within the Province of KwaZulu-
Natal. Refer to Figure 1.1 for the location of Hazelmere Dam within KwaZulu-
Natal.
Figure 1.1 Hazelmere Dam Locality
Mean Annual Precipitation for this region is approximately 980mm (quaternary
catchment is U30B). The catchment area for Hazelmere Dam is approximately
380km2 and due to the steep terrain within this region of KwaZulu-Natal, runoff is
rapid. Vegetation cover upstream of Hazelmere Dam is generally good despite
the levels of siltation within the dam. A large proportion of this cover has however
been largely transformed and comprises predominantly alien vegetation.
Transformation of the vegetation within the vicinity of the Mdloti River is
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predominantly due to the farming of sugar cane and a number of sandwinning
operations.
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2. PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN OF STUDY FOR EIR
This plan of study for EIR (PoS) has been compiled in terms of the EIA
Regulations R1183, as specified by Sections 26 and 28 of the Environment
Conservation Act (No 73 of 1989) (ECA) and will outline the process and
activities associated with the EIA to ensure these satisfy the requirements of the
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT).
As such the PoS will include the following:
1. A description of the environmental issues identified that may require
further investigation and assessment.
This will entail a description of the environmental issues identified during
scoping as a broad range of issues have been identified. These issues will
be evaluated and significant issues for further investigation and
assessment will be highlighted.
2. A description of the feasible alternatives identified that may be further
investigated
This will cover the feasible alternatives identified during scoping. A
number of alternatives were identified and evaluated according to a Least
Cost Planning principle where social, environmental, and economic
impacts are evaluated and rated according to significance.
3. Recommendations on additional information required to determine the
potential impacts of the proposed activity on the environment
A summary outlining areas requiring further information and/or updating
will be provided. This is however merely an indication based on the
recommendations set out by the various specialist studies. A formal
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acceptance of the specialist studies will be conducted in the form of an
acceptance letter to DEAT.
4. A description of the proposed method of identifying these impacts
The methodology for identifying the impacts associated with the proposed
development will be summarised in tabular format and include impacts
identified during scoping.
5. A description of the proposed method of assessing the significance of
these impacts
In an effort to attach an indication of the significance to the impacts
identified during scoping, a ranking technique will be outlined. Each impact
will be ranked according to the extent, magnitude, and duration. This will
allow for a more objective evaluation of the impacts identified.
2.1. Listed Activities
In terms of the ECA Regulations, the EIA covers the following listed activities:
“1(j). The construction or upgrading of: dams, levels or weirs affecting the
flow of a river;
1(k). The construction or upgrading of: reservoirs for public water supply;
2(c). The change of land use from: agriculture or undetermined use to any
other land use;
2(e). The change of land use from: use for nature conservation or zoned
open space to any other land use.”
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The application also includes subsidiary applications under the following listed
activities for ancillary works that may be required as the final design of the dam
raising is finalised:
• In the event that fuels are required to be stored on the site during
construction or operation, the following listed activity may apply
“1(c) transportation routes and structures, and manufacturing,
storage, handling or processing facilities for any substance
which is considered as dangerous or hazardous and is
controlled by national legislation;”
• In the event that additional access roads are required during
construction or that additional access is required around the
reservoir perimeter;
“1(d) roads, railways, airfields and associated structures and
activities outside the borders of town planning schemes;
In this context it may be possible that a "Road" means:
any road in a designated sensitive area or in any area
regarded by the relevant authority as sensitive.”
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3. DETAILS OF THE APPLICANT AND CONSULTANT
3.1. Applicant
Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF)
Private Bag X 313
Pretoria
0001
Represented by:
Mr Johann J. Geringer
Tel: (012) 336 8332
Cel: 082 809 2014
Fax: (012) 336 7399
Email: [email protected]
3.2. Independent Environmental Consultant
Nemai Consulting C.C.
PO Box 1673
Sunninghill
2157
Represented by:
Mr Ciaran Chidley
Tel: (011) 781 1730
Cel: 082 788 1298
Fax: (011) 482 3587
Email: [email protected]
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4. ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION PROCESS TO DATE
The environmental authorisation process can be divided into two distinct periods
as that which was conducted after the appointment of Nemai Consulting as
independent environmental consultants (9th February 2007) and that which was
conducted prior to this date.
Umgeni Water conducted a detailed feasibility study to ultimately provide a
development programme for the bulk water supplies to the North Coast Region
entitled the North Coast Supply System Bulk Infrastructure Masterplan. The
study identified the need for a detailed feasibility study to be conducted for the
raising of Hazelmere Dam. The objective was to establish whether this proposed
project would be technically feasible and socially and environmentally
acceptable.
An Environmental Scoping Report (ESR) was therefore conducted at the EIA
level for the raising of Hazelmere Dam by DWAF and Umgeni Water and
completed in 2003. The ESR was prepared in the form of a main report and was
supported by a number of feasibility level specialist reports including a full PPP.
This project was registered in 2003 with the KZN DAEA with the intention of
securing a RoD for the proposed development. However, submission to the KZN
DAEA was delayed as alternative methods to reduce water consumption were
employed with minimal effect. This effectively extended the development phase
past the two year window period the Record of Decision (RoD) remains valid.
Once water demand within the North Coast Region increased again beyond the
assurance of supply, the proposed raising of Hazelmere Dam was rekindled. This
project has therefore been registered with the KZN DAEA and put on hold by
DWAF to investigate and implement the water saving scheme.
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4.1. Environmental Authorisation Process prior to 9th February 2007
The following presents a concise summary of the process followed and
completed prior to Nemai Consulting being appointed as the independent
environmental consultants by DWAF:
1. Application and registration was made to the KZN DAEA (2003)
2. An ESR and feasibility study conducted by DWAF was incorporated into a
Main Report and this was completed in November 2002. There were a
number of technical and environmental supporting documents as follows:
2.1. Flood frequency analysis report
2.2. Hydrology report
2.3. Engineering report
2.4. Water quality report
2.5. GIS report
2.6. EIA report
This included the following specialist studies:
2.6.1. Specialist study of the flora
2.6.2. Specialist study of the fauna
2.7. Environmental water requirements report.
3. Application for EIA placed on hold to investigate water reduction strategies
4. An extensive public participation process (PPP) which included the
identification and communication with stakeholders and interested and
affected parties (I&APs).
4.2. Environmental Authorisation Process after the 9th February 2007
The following has been conducted by Nemai Consulting upon being appointed as
an independent environmental consultant:
1. An environmental authority meeting between DWAF and DEAT on the 16th
February 2007. The raising of Hazelmere Dam is to follow a similar
process as that outlined for Phase Two of the Mooi-Mgeni Transfer
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Scheme also discussed at this meeting. Refer to Section 6.1 below for a
summary of this meeting.
2. An application made to the KZN DAEA to transfer the project to DEAT
3. A series of consultations with DEAT to outline the methodology for the EIR
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5. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS
5.1. Summary of Issues
The following presents a summary of the findings for the feasibility study
conducted, the main aim of which was to establish, at a detailed level, whether
the planned raising of Hazelmere Dam was a feasible development option to
augment the water supply to the North Coast region. The study was based on
specialist studies of flora, fauna, archaeology, and a PPP that included public
meetings and interviews with key stakeholders. The following section presents
the Executive Summary from the feasibility study conducted and highlights on the
main positive and negative impacts of the proposed development and some
preliminary recommendations and conclusions.
5.1.1. Executive Summary of the Feasibility Study
‘Hazelmere Dam has already had a highly detrimental impact on the
ecology of the lower Mdloti River and the estuary. Additional detrimental
impacts that may be expected if the water level in the impoundment were to
be raised by seven metres aggravate some of these impacts, but none are
considered to be fatal environmental flaws. There is therefore no impact so
severe that the project should not continue. The proposed raising of the
dam will inundate an additional area of over 100ha, and increase the
shoreline of the impoundment by over 4km. This would occur within the
area already purchased for the dam basin, as well as a small area in the
headwaters where additional land acquisition is still necessary. The land
expropriated for the original reservoir appears, for the most part, to have
sufficiently catered for the proposed increase in the size of the reservoir.
One notable exception is that at Oakford Priory. Of particular note is that no
people will be displaced by the raised water levels, although workers
accommodation at Oakford Priory will be affected. The most significant
concern is the inundation of infrastructure at Oakford Priory, particularly the
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cemetery and septic tanks. The greatest threat to Hazelmere Dam has been
excessive rates of siltation. This will continue unless radical steps are taken
to address soil erosion in the catchment. If soil erosion is not significantly
reduced, the raising of Hazelmere Dam will provide a medium-term solution
to the water shortages that are expected in the North Coast region.
POSITIVE IMPACTS
The positive impacts of the proposed development are listed in Table A [not
attached], and the most significant of these are summarised as follows:
• Assurance of Supply: The most significant positive environmental impact
of raising the FSL is the improved assurance of existing domestic and
industrial water supplies in the North Coast region. The raised dam will
more than double the current storage capacity of Hazelmere Dam. This will
help to stabilise and promote economic growth in the region.
• Job Creation: The raising of the dam will create a limited number of job
opportunities (maximum of about 30) during the construction phase, which
estimated to be about 4.5 months. Manufacture of the gates will, in all
likelihood, take place in Gauteng or Durban, therefore restricting job
opportunities locally.
• Aquatic fauna: The increased water levels will increase the length of
shoreline, and this will create new aquatic habitats within the dam basin that
will benefit many aquatic and semi-aquatic species.
• Alien Vegetation: The raised water levels will also inundate degraded and
exotic terrestrial vegetation, which is considered a positive impact
NEGATIVE IMPACTS
The proposed development raises few negative environmental impacts,
mainly because the dam was planned to be raised. Issues concerning land
tenure, access roads, servitudes and relocation are relatively minor, or
otherwise of no concern because they are already in place. The negative
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impacts of the proposed development are listed in Table B [not attached],
and the most significant of these summarised as follows:
• Oakford Priory: The most significant detrimental impact would be the
partial inundation of the Oakford Priory cemetery, which contains 255
graves, of which 114 would be affected directly. In addition, there is a
number of buildings and other infrastructure that will be inundated, including
septic tanks, workers accommodation, unused fowl run, vegetable garden,
orchards, plant nursery, laundry and prayer cabins. These impacts,
particularly the cemetery, are considered serious. Even without the raising,
the low-lying area of the priory has suffered occasional flooding from 1 in 10
year flood events because of the increased sedimentation in the reservoir.
The Priory has recently given land to the Department of Housing for the
construction of 310 houses. This is in part to mitigate the impact of periodic
inundation of labourer’s houses close to the Mdloti River. The sisters have
indicated that they are reconciled to the fact that the Dam may be raised
and that the Priory will be impacted upon. The sisters have indicated that
there are no impacts that they regard as serious enough to be regarded as
fatal flaws. They do however stipulate that the raising should not
compromise the safety or health of any one associated with the Priory in
any way whatsoever.
• Recreational Area and Facilities: There will be a significant and permanent
loss of an important recreational area and associated facilities. In 1999 an
estimated 65 00 people visited these facilities, mostly from Tongaat,
Verulam and rural areas to the north. The reduction in recreational area
may create problems in terms of increased densities. It was well-known that
this area would be inundated when the dam was raised, and therefore
compensation for this loss is unlikely.
• Sandwinning: There will be a medium-term loss of sandwinning
possibilities. The license to mine sand deposits is granted by the
Department of Minerals and Energy, and the withdrawal of the licenses and
compensation will be handled in co-operation with the Department of
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Minerals and Energy. For the most part sandwinning is taking place within
agreed boundaries, and with the express permission of the Department of
Water Affairs and Forestry.
• Small-scale Commercial Farming: A limited area of the Cottonlands farm
that is used for small-scale commercial farming will be inundated. The
normal course of compensation should be sufficient to mitigate the impacts.
• Game Animals: Some terrestrial mammals may lose habitat, but this
applies mostly to game species that are fenced into the Msinsi Holdings
Recreational Facility. Most affected will be the grazing species (Impala,
Zebra and Blue Wildebeest). The reduction in the grassy areas used by
grazing species may lead to either a decline in the condition of the animals
and/or overgrazing and subsequent degradation of the vegetation.
Management can easily respond to changes by reducing animal numbers if
necessary.
• Alluvial wetlands: There will be almost total loss of the 8ha of wetlands
that have developed on the alluvial deposits in the upper reaches of the
impoundment. Mitigation for the loss is considered necessary as the areas
are used by a variety of animal species with birds probably being the most
important. It is highly likely that some areas of new wetland of this type will
develop, again in the upper reaches of the impoundment. They will not be
as extensive as the existing wetlands, but, if human intrusions into them can
be minimised, the new wetlands will compensate for the losses.
• Eels: Eels are able to cross the existing wall, although in low numbers
only. It is almost certain that they will be unable to cross the raised wall
unless special provision is made to facilitate upstream migration.
• Archaeological Importance: One archaeological site was recorded and
one scatter of artifacts was recorded. The site dates to the Mzonjani Phase
of the Early Iron Age, although one Middle Stone Age flake was noted. The
scatter consists of five pottery sherds and one upper grinding stone over a
±40 m distance. The sherds belong to thin-walled vessels and probably
date to the Late Iron Age or Historical Period. These sherds are too few to
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be defined as an archaeological site. However, they do indicate that sites
probably existed in the area prior to the Hazelmere Dam. The site is
significant in that it is the first recorded Early Iron Age site along the Mdloti
River Valley, and the pottery decorations may provide important
comparisons for inter-site decorations.
Alternative Options
It has been certified that the most economical and efficient way of raising
the dam will be by attaching steel radial gates to the piers that are already
in place on the spillway. An alternative option is to raise the level spillway
wall, but this was not considered in detail due to the higher costs.
Alternative means of increasing the availability of water in the area were
studied as part of the North Coast Supply System Bulk Infrastructure
Masterplan, initiated by Umgeni Water. These include Demand
Management and the proposed Isithundu Dam on the main Mvoti River.
The development costs of the Isithundu Dam and the associated water
treatment plant is very high (about R343 million), compared to the cost of
raising Hazelmere Dam (about R15 million)(based on prices in January
2000). The Isithundu Dam would therefore have a significantly higher
impact on water tariffs than raising Hazelmere Dam. This alternative was
not investigated further because of the significantly higher costs.
Preliminary Sustainable Utilisation Plan
This report summarises the Government’s new policy towards zoning of
water resources. The policy is intended to encourage and promote
equitable, sustainable, compatible and safe recreational water use of
government waterworks. It is concluded that the existing dam zonation
policy for Hazelmere Dam has been well thought out, and functions well in
terms of its desired goals. However, it is recommended that a
comprehensive Sustainable Utilisation Plan, accompanied by a full public
participation process, should be undertaken in further phases of the project.
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Compensation
Compensation will be provided for assets that are lost through inundation,
but only if they are situated outside state-owned land. This is limited to the
land and infrastructure at Oakford Priory and adjacent smallholdings on
Cottonlands Farm. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry and
Umgeni Water have no legal obligation to compensate for the loss of
recreational facilities on state-owned land.’
5.2. Ranking of Issues
In order to introduce a level of objectivity into the ranking of issues associated
with the raising of Hazelmere Dam criteria based on the extent, magnitude, and
duration of impact are to be used in an effort to assign a level significance.
The methodology for ranking the issues is outlined in detail for the environmental
impact report (EIR) in Section 6.4.1 below.
5.3. Reasonable Project Alternatives Identified and Considered
A number of alternative options were evaluated by Umgeni Water as part of the
North Coast Supply System Bulk Infrastructure Master Plan. The relative
appropriateness of the various alternatives was evaluated during the feasibility
study and can be summarised as follows:
1. Isithundu Dam
Construction of another dam on the main stem of the Mvoti River was considered
as an alternative to the raising of Hazelmere Dam. However, due to the
prohibitive expense (R343 million compared to R15 million for raising Hazelmere
Dam (2000)) water tariffs would be unacceptably high.
2. Demand management
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Although demand management is an increasingly important consideration for the
reduction in water demand throughout South Africa it would serve merely to
reduce pressure on supply in the short-term and would not avoid the
necessitation for increased water supply to the North Coast Region.
3. Clearing alien vegetation
Although not an alternative for the increased supply to the North Coast Region,
the removal of alien vegetation and rehabilitation of these areas will greatly
improve the ecological functioning of the catchment and may increase MAR.
4. Dredging
Dredging Hazelmere Dam of the sediment was considered an undesirable
alternative due to the following:
4.1. Costs incurred both initially and annually to maintain storage,
4.2. Increased expense in water treatment due to high turbidity levels,
4.3. The spoil needs to be properly disposed of.
5. Improved landuse practises
As with demand management implementing improved landuse practises still will
not meet the current demand for water in this region and therefore does not
negate the augmentation of water supply in the medium to long term.
Considering the above, the raising of Hazelmere Dam presents the most
reasonable alternative to the augmentation of water supply to the North Coast
Region both from a socio-economic and biophysical perspective.
5.4. Additional Information Required
The following presents a brief overview of the environmental work conducted
prior to February 2007. Nemai Consulting has reviewed the environmental and
technical reports incorporated into the Raising of Hazelmere Dam Feasibility
Study. The purpose of this section is to identify potential impacts omitted, identify
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broadly the steps necessary in collating the required information for the EIA
process and identify possible changes to any mitigation measures.
5.4.1. Introductory Overview
Umgeni Water undertook a detailed feasibility study which provided the
optimal development programme for future bulk water supplies to the North
Coast region entitled North Coast Supply System Bulk Infrastructure Master
Plan. The main aim of this study was to address the foreseeable water
shortages and develop a dynamic document or model for the future bulk
water supplies to this region. From this feasibility study recommendations
were given to develop either the Mdloti or Mvoti Rivers to meet this urgent
decrease in water supply.
The DWAF therefore conducted a detailed feasibility study to determine if
the raising of Hazelmere Dam was technically and both socially and
environmentally feasible. This feasibility study included an assessment of
possible water demand management measures in keeping with the
Integrated Least Cost Planning principle. The raising of Hazelmere Dam
and the associated contribution to the system needed to be reassessed and
cost estimates re-evaluated. This additional feasibility study therefore only
addressed issues surrounding the raising of Hazelmere Dam and did not
consider the need for or timing of this proposed development. Incorporated
into this was an evaluation of sedimentation levels, technical evaluation and
costing of various methods for raising the dams FSL, and identified a need
for specialist studies to be conducted. Therefore, a parallel EIA process
which incorporated a PPP and a number of technical and environmental
specialist reports was conducted.
The specialist reports have been critically reviewed and a summary for each
is presented below.
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5.4.2. Raising of Hazelmere Dam: EIA Report (June 2002)
This EIA report (DWAF Report No. PB U300-00-0701 UMGENI WATER
Report No. U3/02/F/8.10.3/EIA) formed part of the feasibility study
conducted by DWAF and aimed to establish, at a detailed level, whether the
planned raising of Hazelmere Dam is a feasible development option to
augment the water supply to the North Coast region. The EIA report
included a vegetation study, Biophysical Impact Assessment (BIA), Social
Impact Assessment (SIA), an Archaeological Survey, and a PPP that
included public meetings and interviews with key stakeholders. Additional to
this, specialist studies where conducted as part of the feasibility study,
including an engineering, hydrological, flood frequency analysis, water
quality, and a GIS report. Therefore these studies present a more thorough
investigation of the impacts associated with the proposed raising of
Hazelmere Dam than a feasibility level study.
The EIA process identified a number of positive and negative impacts
associated with the raising to FSL of 93masl. However, none of the impacts
were considered to be major environmental flaws and therefore no reason
why the project should not continue. However, should the project continue a
number of short-term and long-term recommendations were made, as
follows:
‘RECOMMENDATIONS: SHORT-TERM
• Negotiate Oakford Priory’s Compensation and Replanning: Even
if the dam is not raised, we recommend that negotiation between
DWAF and Oakford Priory regarding expropriation,
compensation and re-planning of the Priory’s infrastructure,
particularly the water and sewage system, should be undertaken
as a matter of urgency. This should be undertaken to ensure that
impacts associated with loss of workers houses, access roads,
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septic tanks, buildings, vegetable gardens and orchards are
minimised. After the land is expropriated, we suggest that the
land should be leased back to the Priory, on the understanding
that the government would not be held responsible for any losses
caused by flooding. The possibility of linking the Priory to the
Durban Metropolitan water services should also be considered.
• Negotiate Cottonlands Farm’s Compensation: Likewise, we
recommend negotiations between DWAF and affected
landowners on Cottonlands Farms regarding compensation for
inundated farm land. This should also be done even if the dam is
not raised immediately, although this is not as urgent as the
Priory.
• Discuss Sandwinning Operations with DME: Once the decision to
move forward with implementation is made, it is recommended
that the DWAF should notify the Department of Minerals and
Energy (DME) regarding the inundation of sand deposits in the
Hazelmere Dam Basin. This may be an important consideration
when drafting new permits for sandwinning in the area. It is not
the intention to stop sandwinning in the basin, but rather to allow
mining to continue until it is no longer possible.
• Investigate Feasibility of Eelway: Once the decision to move
forward with implementation is made, we suggest that a more
detailed study of the feasibility of an eelway should be
undertaken. The study should consider the design and extra
costs of including an eelway, collect baseline data on the
prevalence of eels upstream and downstream of the wall, and
recommend a monitoring programme, should the eelway be
considered feasible.
• Develop Sustainable Utilisation Plan: Should the dam be raised,
it is recommended the DWAF develop a detailed Sustainable
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Utilisation Plan accompanied by a full public participation
process, involving, inter alia, the Institute for Natural Resources.
• Develop an Environmental Management Plan: A detailed
Environmental Management Plan must be developed to guide
the various activities associated with the construction and the
operational phases. The plan must include details of monitoring
requirements (i.e. what, where, who and when), and be
submitted to the DEAT for approval.
• Archaeological Investigation: A more detailed investigation of the
archaeological site is recommended to determine the full value of
the site. The vegetation surrounding the site would need to be
cleared before this could be done. The primary aim of these pilot
excavations would be assess the need for a more thorough
excavation.
RECOMMENDATIONS: LONG-TERM
• Monitor and Manage Grazing Mammals: The condition of
both the grazing animals and the vegetation should be
monitored on an ongoing basis by Msinsi Holdings, and
populations adjusted if necessary.
• Monitor Eel Populations: Eel populations upstream and
downstream of the dam should be monitored according to
the recommendations of the proposed study to investigate
the feasibility of the proposed eelway.
• Monitor Water Quality: Standard water quality variables
should be monitored upstream and downstream of the
impoundment, as well as within the impoundment, as
detailed in the EMP. In addition to the standard water
quality variables, water temperature, aquatic invertebrates
(SASS) and populations of Microcystis should also be
monitored according to the requirements of the EMP.
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• Map and Protect Wetlands: The new wetlands which are
likely to develop at the headwaters of the dam should be
mapped by the DWAF, once they have stabilised, and this
mapping information should be held by DWAF. The reason
for delineating the new wetlands is that such baseline
information will help in developing EMPs for sandwinning
operations that are likely to want to operate in the area.
These wetlands should also be protected from human
intrusion as far as possible, partly because they will provide
habitats for a variety of aquatic and semi-aquatic fauna, and
partly because they are likely to reduce the amount of
sediment that enters the impoundment.
• Implement and Monitor Downstream Ecological Releases:
The Operational Management of the downstream releases
should follow the recommendations for the downstream
ecological flow requirements. In particular, the speed at
which gates are opened and closed to release water
downstream should be controlled, and unnaturally sudden
changes in river flow should be avoided. Periodic audits
should be undertaken to check if the downstream ecological
flow requirements are being met or not.
• Report and Monitor Stability of Road Bridge: It is
recommended that the DWAF report the danger of
instability of the road bridge at the top end of the
impoundment to the appropriate Roads Authorities
(Provincial Roads Department), and that the condition of
the bridge should be monitored regularly by the roads
department.
RECOMMENDATIONS: GENERAL
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The following recommendations concern the catchment upstream of the
dam, and although they are not directly related to minimising the impacts of
raising the FSL, they have indirect implications for conditions in the
impoundment, and are therefore considered important.
• Reduce Soil Erosion in the Catchment: We recommend that
the Catchment Management Agency should consider a
comprehensive plan to reduce soil erosion in the
catchment, and in doing so, reduce turbidity levels in the
impoundment. Interventions would include protection of
suitable Buffer Zones on either side of all perennial streams
in the catchment, and rehabilitation of road crossings and
their stormwater drainage systems.
• Clear Alien Vegetation in Riparian Zone: Clearing alien
vegetation in the riparian zone of the Mdloti River and its
perennial tributaries is recommended to improve water
yield. We suggest that the Mdloti River Catchment should
be promoted as a priority area in the Working for Water
Programme.’
5.4.3. Vegetation study of the areas to be inundated around Hazelmere
Dam
The following communities were investigated in the areas to be inundated
around Hazelmere Dam for plant diversity and a combined species list
produced:
1. Mdloti River Floodplain
2. Wetland vegetation
3. Cliff communities
3.1. North-facing scarp forest
3.2. West-facing scarp forest
4. Savanna communities
5. Altered vegetation of the recreation area
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For each community an assessment of the impact, extent, duration,
severity, likelihood, significance, and suggested mitigation measures were
given. The loss of habitat and diversity to the flora was considered to be
minor with no mitigation measures to augment lost habitat types necessary
except for the rehabilitation of the recreational area.
This study made recognition of the FSL of 93masl and although the
vegetation assessment was conducted some time ago (July 2001) it is
highly unlikely that any significant positive changes to the flora and diversity
has occurred thereby necessitating an additional vegetation survey.
5.4.4. Assessment of Certain Biophysical Impacts Associated with the
Proposed Raising of Hazelmere Dam Water Level
Impacts associated with the proposed raising of Hazelmere Dam on the
following groups of fauna were investigated:
• Terrestrial fauna
• Mammals
• Birds
• Amphibians
• Amphibians and reptiles
• Fish
• Aquatic species
Although habitat and feeding areas will more than likely be lost for some of
the faunal species, this impact was considered minor and in general the
proposed raising of Hazelmere Dam will benefit the majority of species.
Therefore there was no foreseen reason why the proposed raising should
not continue, however a number of recommendations were given as
follows:
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Recommendations
‘Despite the apparent lack of issues of concern, there is some necessity for
future work should the project be carried out. To ensure that it is done it will
be necessary to produce an environmental management plan (EMP) in
which the following issues must be addressed.
• Removal of trees in the area to be inundated. There are
some trees in the area that will be inundated. It is
recommended that some are left in situ as they provide
roosting and nesting habitat for birds such as cormorants
and egrets.
• Trees, which are left standing, may be used as refugia by
certain reptiles such as lizards and chameleons. Periodic
checks should be made to see if any of these animals are
stranded, and, if so, they should be rescued and be
released on the nearby shoreline.
• Monitoring of the condition of the game animals in the
resort. The reduction in the grassy areas utilised by the
species may lead to either a decline in the condition of the
animals and/or overgrazing and subsequent degradation of
the vegetation. The condition of both the animals and the
vegetation should be monitored on an ongoing basis by
Msinsi Holdings.
• The new wetlands, which may develop at the headwaters of
the dam, should be mapped once they have stabilised and
should be protected from human intrusion as far as
possible. Of particular concern in this regard is the issue of
sandwinning. It may not be an issue at first but is bound to
happen as future floods leave new alluvium deposits.
• A zonation plan for the new water surface should be
prepared. Particular attention should be given in this regard
to keeping powerboat traffic away from the wetlands and
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from the cliffs near the dam wall, and destumping of trees in
areas used for power craft.’
Additionally provision will need to be made for an eelway to facilitate the
migration of eels upstream.
5.4.5. Raising of Hazelmere Dam: Social Impact Assessment
In order to assess the magnitude and significance of the potential impact of
raising Hazelmere Dam, interviews were conducted with the critical
stakeholders of the area surrounding and impacted by the proposed raising
of the dam. In addition meetings were held with the Mdloti Catchment
Management forum. The following issues were identified:
• Partial inundation of the Oakford priory cemetery
• Loss of an important recreational area and facilities
• Medium-term loss of sandwinning opportunities
• A limited area of the Cottonlands farm that is used for
small-scale commercial farming will be inundated
• A need for the rezoning of activities
Measures of mitigation and compensation were addressed and have been
summarised in Table 5.1. The SIA, PPP, interviews with stakeholders and
I&APs was conducted in 2001. Since this time a number of the critical
stakeholders and I&APs may have changed. For this reason a full PPP will
need to be re-conducted to re-identify these individuals and to inform the
general public of the proposed raising of Hazelmere Dam being restarted.
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Table 5.1 Critical impacts and suggested mitigation measures identified from the
SIA
IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE MITIGATION LIMITS OF MITIGATION
Flooding of Cemetery at
Oakford Priory
Very High
Briefing document to Bishops Conference to establish channels to be followed.
Exhumation and reburial once the process has been finalised.
Land is consecrated ground and emotional issues
associated with exhumation may be difficult to mitigate.
Could cause negative publicity for the project.
Flooding and/or
acquisition of infrastructure
within the expropriation
line at Oakford Priory.
High
Re-planning of infrastructure in Priory to accommodate lost
infrastructure. Set back zone policy of 0.6m vertical or 15m horizontal should be seriously considered to minimise loss of
land and infrastructure. Compensation for buildings
acquired.
Will be difficult to plan for redevelopment of all
infrastructure given loss of land.
Acquisition of land in
Cottonlands. Moderate
Ongoing consultation with landowners and compensation
for land/assets acquired.
Reduction in size of
Hazelmere recreational
area.
Moderate
Re-planning of area, and ongoing consultation with the
managing agent and representatives of recreational
bodies.
Re-planning is unlikely to compensate fully for loss of terrestrial recreational area.
Loss of sandwinning.
Moderate
Compensation for any fixed assets associated with the
operations that may be lost (if any). Discussions with
Department of Mineral and Energy as to legal rights that
DWAF has in this regard.
Security of water supply
to North Coast Region.
High (positive) Not Applicable.
5.4.6. Archaeological Survey
The archaeological survey of the Hazelmere Dam located and recorded one
archaeological site and a scatter of artefacts. The archaeological site is
located on the sand embankment between the existing FSL and grass
verges of the dam just below the manager’s office within the Hazelmere
Reserve. A number of artefacts were observed in a dirt road cutting and
isolated cleared areas immediately above the Mdloti River. These artefacts
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included many sherds, a few upper grinding stones, and one fragment of a
dagga floor.
The archaeological site is of medium significance in that it is the first Early
Iron Age site along the Mdloti River valley and would therefore require
further mitigation. The occurrence of the archaeological site is not of such
importance that it should be restrictive for the program to raise the water
level in Hazelmere Dam.
Recommendations
• It is necessary to excavate the sites more intensively to
determine extent and density of artefacts. Presently
however dense vegetation is hindering any further
investigation and would therefore require clearing.
• It will be necessary to incorporate a full heritage study on
the basis that the proposed development is greater than
10ha.
5.4.7. Flood Frequency Analysis Report
In-flow data for a 33 year period for Hazelmere Dam and comparison with
two other previous studies conducted for this catchment found the regional
maximum flood (RMF) to be 3200 m3/s and this should be considered the
flood peak for the safety evaluation flood (SEF). The RMF volume was
calculated as 122.267x106 m3. No update from this report is necessary for
the purpose of the EIA. However, it is important to consider the impact this
RMF volume could potentially have on the current dam and proposed
development in the dam design of the engineering report.
5.4.8. Hydrology Report
The hydrology study addressed the following topics:
• Sediment accumulation in the basin
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• Water demands
• System yield
• Flood hydrology
‘The study concluded that the historic rate of sediment is very high (25 % of
the MAR in 50 years) and that loss of storage will result in significant
reduction in yield from the dam over the next 25 to 30 years. The existing
dam can only supply projected demands at the required assurance of 98 %
until 2008 if the Reserve is not implemented. If the Reserve is implemented
the dam already cannot supply demands at the required assurance.
Irrigation is at present a major user. If irrigation is not supplied the dam
could supply urban demands until 2028 if the Reserve is not supplied and
2012 if the Reserve is supplied. If the dam is raised projected urban and
irrigation demands can be supplied at 98 % assurance until 2029 as long as
no releases are made for the Reserve. If the Reserve is supplied demands
can only be supplied until 2009 at 98 % assurance. The raised dam could
supply the Reserve and projected urban demands beyond 2030 if irrigation
is stopped.’
Recommendations
• The report made specific recommendations with regards
the ecological reserve determination. The ecological
reserve will be determined and implemented by the DWAF
Minister as deemed appropriate. It is not expected that the
reserve will have an impact upon the Hazelemere Dam
Raising EIA.
5.4.9. Engineering Report
Various methods of raising Hazelmere Dam were investigated to provide an
economical solution for increased water supply that will satisfy modern dam
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safety standards and environmental and social requirements. The following
methods for raising the dam were investigated:
• Electrically operated radial gates as allowed for in the
original design
• Hydraulically operated mechanical gates of various designs
• Fuse gates
• Raised concrete dam
Radial Gates
Phase one construction of Hazelmere Dam made provision for the raising of
Hazelmere Dam by seven meters through the installation of seven 13m x
5m radial gates. These radial gates were designed to top seal against an
existing overhead concrete beam below the deck bridge. These radial gates
would be operated by an automated computerized system that would open
individual gates in sequence as the reservoir levels changed due to
increased runoff associated with floods.
These radial gates will require careful design and good maintenance
procedures as faults with the gates have occurred previously. Phase one
construction included grooves in the side walls, pier walls, and spillway sills
for the installation of stoplog guides and seals for both the radial gates and
stoplogs. Provision has been made in the side walls and piers for tensioned
cables to take the trunnion loads. The trunnion thrust blocks are yet to be
constructed. The gate lifting equipment will be supported by platforms
located on downstream noses. Cable hoists of hydraulic cylinders will be
suitable for this purpose. A diesel generator will provide backup power in
the case of power failure and will need to be capable of opening three gates
simultaneously.
Automatic Water Level Controlled Gates
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Water level controlled gates operate simply through trunnion pivots above
the gate and water stored in a ballast tank downstream of the gate and
pivots maintain the gate closed. Draining water from the ballast tank
decreases the pressure necessary to keep the gate closed and upstream
water pressure enables the gate to open automatically. This method is
therefore not reliant on electrical power. A number of different gates were
considered as follows:
• Top Gates
• Aquagates
• Radial Ballast Gates
• Active Gates
These various methods all require different levels of civil modification to the
existing structure. Of the options mentioned above, top gates present the
most feasible option in that it would require the least amount of civil
modification and its use has been extensively tested with good result.
Fuse Gates
Fuse gates are self-operating non-mechanical units requiring no human
input or electrical power to operate once installed. There are no movable
parts or special systems that could result in non-functionality and are
therefore reliable. Drawbacks with this method is once the fuse gates tip
due to excessive flooding they have to be replaced and there is a
consequential loss of storage. The cost of this option is also greater as
substantial civil works will be necessary for their installation.
Concrete Raising
Raising the spillway and non-overflow section by the addition of concrete
would require the bridge and piers are demolished and approximately 17
000m3 of concrete to raise the dam wall to 93masl and the non-overflow
crest to 99masl. This method is prohibitively expensive and will not be able
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to control backwater inundation due to flooding. Additionally, the impact on
the Oakford Priory would be substantially greater as the sectional area is
increased.
Recommendations
• The raising of Hazelmere Dam was found to be both
technically and economically feasible. The use of radial
gates as per original design was verified as the best
method based on the simplicity of installation, cost involved,
and operation achieved.
The following additional recommendations were made:
• standby generator be installed at a position higher than the
non-overspill crest of the dam
• a model study be conducted to establish the sequence in
which the gates should be opened
• sequence of gate opening should be automatic as the water
level in the reservoir rises to ensure the safety of the dam
and downstream developments during times of flooding
• construction work should take place in the dry season in
order to avoid possible flooding of the works during the wet
season
5.4.10. Water Quality Report
The main aim of this report was to determine the Environmental Flow
Requirement, a part of the Reserve, between Hazelmere Dam and the
Mdloti estuary. Additional studies were included on the freshwater
requirements, condition of the estuary, and a ‘snap shot’ water quality
assessment.
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These have been summarised as follows:
Ecological Reserve Estimation
A Desktop Model was used to generate the Reserve estimates. High and
low flows generated from the model were compared with daily flow records
from U3H002. The estimation of the ecological Reserve was found to be
underestimated however it proved difficult to draw any final conclusions
from the study.
An instantaneous peak flow of between 15 and 20 m3/s would be
associated with a mean daily flow of 12 m3/s. The minimum duration
required for such an event would be 3 days with the rising limb lasting for
approximately 12 to 18 hours. An important consideration for the operation
of the Hazelmere Dam will be the calculation of high and low flow triggers
and will need to indicate when high flow releases are to be made.
From this a Management Class was determined using the Rapid
Determination method (DWAF 1999) and modelling. A Management Class
classifies the flow requirements for the Mdloti River downstream of the dam
and is an important consideration ecologically and economically. This
incorporates the present ecological status, ecological importance and
sensitivity, and Ecoregional type. The ecological Reserve was determined
for the requirements downstream and the effects of raising Hazelmere Dam
on river flow assessed. The Instream Flow Requirement (IFR) and the
Estuarine Freshwater Requirement (EFR) were determined using simple
methods suitable for planning purposes.
Freshwater Requirements of the Mdloti Estuary
The following findings were drawn from the study:
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The key aspect maintaining the environmental health of the estuary is
probably the frequency and duration of open mouth conditions.
The estuary was probably more frequently open prior to the construction of
Hazelmere Dam and before the increase in abstraction of water took place,
than is presently the case. The reduction in open mouth conditions is
probably a major reason for the deterioration of the ecology of the estuary
and further deterioration should be avoided.
Mouth closures could increase further in the future if the river flow and
especially the base flow is further reduced.
It is estimated that an outflow channel can be maintained at a base flow of
0,3 m3s-1 to 0,6 m3s-1.
A very first estimate of the average monthly flow requirements in m3s-1 is
presented in
Table 5.2 Estimated Average Monthly Flow Requirements for the
Mdloti Estuary
Month Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May1 Jun1 Jul1 Aug Sep
Q (m3/s) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6
% Time 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 100 1NOTE: During May, June and July the estuary should be open from 2 days before to 5 days after new moon. It is estimated that the discharge of 0.6m3/s would be required for a period of 2 weeks in these months.
It is recommended that field tests be undertaken to confirm or refine these
estimates.
The results could be used to design a water release program as part of a
management plan to meet the requirements of the estuary.
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Further investigations are required on the effects of floods on the estuary if
the occurrence and magnitudes of major floods will be reduced.
Water Quality of the Estuary
In October 1998 the depth of the system ranged from between 1.6m and
3.2m, with there being no evidence that this has changed greatly since
1978. Average water temperatures are 13oC to 27oC for the winter and
summer months. Good wind induced mixing of the surface water prevents
thermal stratification. The salinity of the water in the Mdloti estuary is
generally less than 5gl-1 and this is most likely due to the present closed
mouth conditions. Although dissolved oxygen values recorded are generally
low, these are still within the acceptable range of 80-120% of saturation.
These low figures could be due to organic loading. Average pH for the
Mdloti River was calculated as 8 and is unusually high. This may be due to
photosynthetic activity. Turbidity in the Mdloti estuary is linked with rainfall
where during the summer month’s turbidity levels are high and during low
flow winter conditions the system is relatively clam and clear.
Mineral trace levels can be summarised as follows:
Ammonia
Ammonia concentrations reported in the Mdloti estuary appear to be within
the target range for marine waters (0.6mgl-1).
Nitrate
The nitrate concentrations found in the Mdloti estuary were high and this is
possibly attributed to the application of fertilizers on sugarcane fields.
Nitrate values in 1964 ranged between 0.22mgl-1 in summer and 0.15mgl-1
in winter.
Phosphate
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Phosphate in 1964 ranged between 0.10mgl-1 in summer and 0.74mgl-1 in
winter. Treated effluent from sewage works situated upstream of the
estuary as well as agricultural runoff may be responsible for the slightly
elevated phosphate levels reported in the Mdloti estuary.
High bacterial levels have been recorded in the Mdloti estuary (Coliform
counts of between 5 300 to 21 00 per 100ml; E. coli ranging between 540
and 640 per 100ml and Salmonella reported).
The estuarine water quality index gave an overall rating of ‘fair’ for the
Mdloti River estuary.
Recommendations
The recommendations from the water quality report are as follows:
• The report made specific recommendations with regards
the required flow regime. For the purposes of the EIA, this
aspect is regarded as part of the ecological reserve
process. The ecological reserve for the Mdloti River will be
determined and implemented by the DWAF Minister as
deemed appropriate. It is not expected that this process will
have an impact upon the Hazelemere Dam Raising EIA.
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6. EIA METHODOLOGY
6.1. Consultation with Authorities
A meeting was held on the 16th February 2007 between DEAT, KZN DAEA, and
DWAF to review the EIA process for phase two of the Mooi-Mgeni Transfer
Scheme (MMTS-2) and to address specific issues regarding the environmental
application. Within the context of this meeting, the raising of Hazelmere Dam was
also discussed and reference made to the discussions and recommendations for
the MMTS-2. These can be summarised as follows:
1. Due to the nature of the project, the RoD will remain valid for a longer
period of time.
2. Although the application is still valid under the old EIA Regulations, it will
be necessary to adhere to a particular process. This should be as follows:
2.1. Request that KZN DAEA compile a letter referring the project to
national DEAT in terms of section 4(3)(c) of the EIA Regulations
R1183, on the basis that the applicant is a national government
department.
2.2. Apply to DEAT for an exemption from complying with the EIA
Regulations R1183 in terms of Section 28 of the ECA for the
submission of a scoping report.
2.3. An independent environmental consultant will need to review and
update the various technical reports and conduct another PPP on
behalf of DWAF. These will then be used to compile an environmental
impact report (EIR) with the various reports attached as appendices.
2.4. Apply to DEAT for the amendment of the existing application to ensure
that all relevant listed activities are included in the ROD.
2.5. Submit to DEAT a letter that the independent environmental
consultant accepts the contents of the reports compiled by other
consultants and the findings therein.
2.6. Submit to DEAT a Plan of Study for EIA.
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2.7. During the EIA process, submit to DEAT a letter from the DME
confirming that DWAF has been exempted from complying with
section 106 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act
(Act 28 of 2002).
6.2. Update Specialist Studies
It is important that a site visit be conducted during which all aspects of the
proposed development can be critically assessed and weighed against the
various technical reports. Nemai Consulting will then continue to review the work
conducted to date, update technical reports where necessary and formally accept
the specialist studies where appropriate. In order to accept the specialist studies
the following will need to be conducted:
1. Review and analyse available specialist and supporting reports
2. Identify possible constraints and impacts that may have been overlooked
3. Outline the steps to be followed to obtain and assemble the required
information for the EIA process
4. Identify possible changes to the mitigation measures.
6.3. Public Participation Process (PPP)
The objectives of the public participation process are to:
1. Inform the public of the environmental impacts associated with the proposed
raising of Hazelmere Dam.
2. Confirm previously identified and identify new interested and affected parties
(I&APs) and key stakeholders.
3. Disseminate information to all I&APs.
4. Solicit and register I&APs inputs on issues/concerns, alternatives and
mitigation measures. These inputs will be assessed and investigated further
in the EIA phase.
5. Provide feedback to the I&APs regarding the incorporation of their views in
decision making.
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The first phase of the PPP will be to re-identify the I&APs and stakeholders and
to inform them of the proposed project and progress at such time. As a PPP has
previously been conducted an outdated database comprising a number of I&APs
and stakeholders exists. The contact details will therefore need to be verified and
updated. Registration of additional I&APs will involve a clear description and
definition of the scope of the project and identify any consultation mechanisms
and procedures.
The following methods will be employed to notify I&APs of the proposed project
and of how they can participate:
1. Advertisements will be placed in two regional English newspapers, one
regional Zulu newspaper, and two local English newspapers.
2. Posters will be displayed at prominent public venues around the site of the
proposed project (e.g. libraries, community centres, etc.).
3. Notices will be sent to all I&APS on the database and to owners and
occupiers of land adjacent to the site of the proposed project, to the local
municipality and ward councillors, to community organisations and the
relevant government authorities.
4. A background information document (BID) will be compiled and contain
information regarding the EIA process and a registration form as an
I&APs. This will be made available to the I&APs on the database and at
various public venues.
Where necessary, notices and information documents will be translated into an
appropriate language to facilitate the incorporation of all I&APs to the PPP on an
informed basis.
6.3.1. Public Meeting
A suitable venue for the public meeting is to be located within the project area
and selected for its accessibility to all I&APs. Minutes of all proceedings will be
kept for the public meetings. These will be distributed to all registered I&APs.
I&APs will be afforded a minimum 14 day period in which to comment on whether
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the draft minutes is a true reflection of the meeting, after which the minutes will
be finalised.
A focus group session will be held prior to the public meeting to identify issues
and concerns. One public meeting is to be held which will discuss the project and
obtain public concerns and suggested mitigations. The way forward will be
discussed at the public meeting.
Notice will be given to allow for I&APs to respond and be identified. It is
envisaged that other meetings may be necessary to meet with the various
stakeholders.
6.3.2. Authorities Meeting
An individual meeting will be held with important stakeholders. Consultation with
the relevant authorities at national, provincial and local level will take place by
means of an authorities meeting. It is proposed that this be held early on in the
process to obtain concerns. A follow up may be held after the public meeting.
6.3.3. Feedback Period for I&APs and Reporting
A fixed period for feedback from I&APs will be set after which issues or concerns
raised will not enter into the EIA process. This will be clearly communicated to
the registered I&APs by letter. The I&APs will be able to employ the following
mechanisms to capture issues and concerns:
1. Comment sheets. The background information document will have as an
attachment a loose comment sheet which I&APs can use to raise issues
of concern, provide comment and feedback on the process and comment
on the proposed public meetings.
2. Public meeting. I&APs will be given an opportunity to raise issues of
concern at the public meeting. These are to be incorporated into an issues
and responses report which will be included in the EIR.
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3. Written feedback. I&APs may also indicate issues and concerns on
comment sheets, by telephone, e-mails, in writing, etc. All of these
comments will be captured into the relevant documentation.
Once the draft EIR has been completed a 30-day comment period will be
allocated to allow I&APs an opportunity to comment. This will be done prior to the
submission of the EIR to DEAT.
6.4. EIR
An environmental impact report (EIR) will be compiled once the following has
been completed:
1. An authorities and site meeting conducted
2. The PoS for EIA has been approved
3. A full PPP, including the public meeting, interviews with I&APs and critical
stakeholders
4. All the specialist and supporting studies have been reviewed and updated
The EIR will then be compiled and include all the updated reports as indicated in
Section 1.1 above.
6.4.1. Method of Assessing Impacts
Methods for assessing the potential environmental impacts have been
summarised in four Tables below and been adapted from Swart and
Agenbach (1998). For each impact the extent, magnitude and duration will
be summarised (Table 6.1). The impacts will encompass both the
construction and operational phase of the proposed development. These
criteria will then serve to determine the significance of the impact both with
and without mitigation (Table 6.2). Additionally, a probability of the impact
will be assigned (Table 6.3) and a confidence given as to the information
available in understanding the impact (Table 6.4). It is important to include
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both an understanding of the significance and the likelihood to better
quantify the impact and prioritise mitigation measures.
Table 6.1 Assessment criteria for the evaluation of impacts
CRITERIA CATEGORY DESCRIPTION Regional Beyond 10km of the site boundary
Local Within 10km of the site boundary Extent of impact Site Specific
On site or within 10m of linear infrastructure corridors
High Natural and/or social functions and/or
processes are severely altered
Medium Natural and/or social functions and/or
processes are notably altered
Low Natural and/or social functions and/or
processes are slightly altered
Very Low Natural and/or social functions and/or
processes are negligibly altered
Magnitude of impact
Zero Natural and/or social functions and/or
processes remain unaltered Construction period Up to 5 years
Medium Term 0-10 years after construction Duration of impact Long Term More than 10 years after construction
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Table 6.2 Definition of significance ratings
SIGNIFICANCE RATINGS LEVEL OF CRITERIA REQUIRED
High magnitude with a regional extent and long term duration. High High magnitude with either a regional extent and medium term
duration or a local extent and long term duration
Medium magnitude with a regional extent and long term duration High magnitude with a local extent and medium term duration
Medium High magnitude with a regional extent and construction period or a
site specific extent and long term duration
High magnitude with either a local extent and construction period duration or a site specific extent and medium term duration
Medium magnitude with any combination of extent and duration except site specific and construction period or regional and long term
Low magnitude with a regional extent and long term duration High magnitude with a site specific extent and construction period
duration Medium magnitude with a site specific extent and construction period
duration
Low
Low magnitude with any combination of extent and duration except site specific and construction period or regional and long term
Very low magnitude with a regional extent and long term duration Low magnitude with a site specific extent and construction period
duration Very low Very low magnitude with any combination of extent and duration
except regional and long term
Zero Zero magnitude with any combination of extent and duration
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Table 6.3 Definition of probability ratings
PROBABILITY RATINGS CRITERIA
Definite Estimated greater than 99 % chance of the impact
occurring.
Highly probable Estimated 80 to 99 % chance of the impact
occurring.
Probable Estimated 20 to 80 % chance of the impact
occurring.
Possible Estimated 1 to 20 % chance of the impact
occurring.
Unlikely Estimated less than 1 % chance of the impact
occurring.
Table 6.4 Definition of confidence ratings
CONFIDENCE RATINGS CRITERIA
Certain Wealth of information on and sound
understanding of the environmental factors potentially influencing the impact.
Sure
Reasonable amount of useful information on and relatively sound understanding of the
environmental factors potentially influencing the impact.
Unsure Limited useful information on and
understanding of the environmental factors potentially influencing this impact.
6.4.2. Method of Identifying Significance of Impacts
From the procedure outlined in Section 6.4.1 above, it is possible to
determine the significance of the various impacts and classify them
according to their prescribed severity as follows: Zero, Very Low, Low,
Medium, or High. The report will therefore discuss the ratings assigned to
the various impacts identified.
6.4.3. Method for Assigning Mitigation
Measures to reduce, avoid, or eliminate negative impacts potentially
associated with the proposed project are to be addressed in the report. This
will include an appraisal of when and how mitigation measures are to be
carried out and will address issues pertaining to compensation, relocation,
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and rehabilitation. Additionally, the effect of mitigation on the significance
rating will be summarised in a tabular format. It is important to note that
although a number of mitigation measures may have been investigated
within the EIR, this does not necessarily imply that they are to be
implemented. At the draft EIR stage the applicant will be asked which
mitigation measures are feasible to implement.
6.4.4. Activities and Associated Impacts during Phasing
The report would identify and summarise the activities for the environmental
management plan (EMP) to be complied for the various phases of
construction and is therefore meant to form an introductory overview to
impacts during phasing.
Preconstruction phase
Prior to construction a number of activities are likely to be identified and
these will be addressed. Activities are likely to include site set-up and
establishment as well as the required planning to the activities.
Construction phase
Although the raising of Hazelmere Dam has been previously planned for
and therefore constitutes a simple addition to the existing structure, a
number of important impacts on the environment and surrounding areas
need to be identified and mitigation measures possibly employed.
Operational phase
Due to the magnitude, location, and potential impacts on the environment
both up and down downstream care will be taken to incorporate a holistic
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view to ensure the raising of Hazelmere Dam continues sustainably for the
benefit of future generations.
6.4.5. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
An EMP will be incorporated into the EIR and will serve to cover the impacts
associated with phasing identified in Section 6.4.4 above. The EMP will also
serve to ensure mitigation measures are in place and that monitoring and
reporting programmes are implemented and complied with.
6.4.6. Time Frames
Due to the urgency of the project, to be completed before 2008, a time
frame has been agreed upon and will need to be closely adhered to.
Nemai Consulting
The following tasks and their expected time frames have been agreed upon
by Nemai Consulting after consultation with DEAT and DWAF. These have
been summarised in Table 6.5.
Table 6.5 Expected Time Frames for the EIA process for the Raising of
Hazelmere Dam
TASK NAME DURATION START FINISH PROGRESS
Project Establishment 66 Days Mon 12/02/2007 Mon 14/05/2007
Project Inception Meetings 10 Days Mon 12/02/2007 Fri 23/02/2007 Complete
Consultations with DAEA 10 Days Mon 26/02/2007 Fri 09/03/2007 Complete
Takeover from DEAT 15 Days Mon 12/03/2007 Fri 30/03/2007 Complete
Consultations with DEAT 5 Days Mon 02/04/2007 Fri 06/04/2007 Complete
Applications to DEAT 5 Days Mon 09/04/2007 Fri 13/04/2007 Complete
Submit PoS for EIA 10 Days Mon 02/04/2007 Fri 30/04/2007
Site Visit 1 Day Mon 16/04/2007 Mon 16/04/2007
Review Specialist Studies 20 Days Tue 17/04/2007 Mon 14/05/2007
Approval of PoS for EIA 14 Days Mon 30/04/2007 Thu 16/05/2007
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Public Participation 55 Days Tue 13/03/2007 Mon 28/05/2007
List I&APs 10 Days Tue 13/03/2007 Mon 26/03/2007
Advertise Public Meeting 1 Day Fri 04/05/2007 Fri 04/05/2007
Public Meeting 1 Day Fri 25/05/2007 Fri 25/05/2007
Authorities Meeting 1 Day Mon 28/05/2007 Mon 28/05/2007
EIR 40 Days Fri 04/05/2007 Thu 28/06/2007
Update Specialist Studies 10 Days Fri 04/05/2007 Thu 17/05/2007
Update SIA 10 Days Fri 04/05/2007 Thu 17/05/2007
Compile EIR 10 Days Fri 18/05/2007 Thu 31/05/2007
Public Review of EIR 20 Days Fri 01/06/2007 Thu 28/06/2007
DEAT Review 114 Days Fri 29/06/2007 Wed 05/12/2007
Submission to DEAT for Review 1 Day Fri 29/06/2007 Fri 29/06/2007
ROD Received 90 Days Mon 02/07/2007 Fri 02/11/2007
Advertise ROD 23 Days Mon 05/11/2007 Wed 05/12/2007
Authorities
DEAT has agreed that 14 days is sufficient time to review and accept the PoS for
EIA, and 90 days for the review of the EIR and issuing of a RoD. DEAT also
agreed that 14 days notification for the public meetings is sufficient.
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7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1. Need for Additional Information
Nemai Consulting has yet to critically review the work conducted to date and
identify components of the various reports that may need updating. As such a
summary of the recommendations from the various specialist studies is
presented Table 7.1 instead.
Table 7.1 Summary of Section 5.4: additional information required
REPORT STATUS RECOMMENDATIONS
EIA Report Update Update specialist reports where required
Conduct PPP
Flora Report Complete Review
Biophysical Report Complete Review
SIA Update Conduct PPP
Archaeological Survey Update Heritage Study
Flood Frequency Analysis Complete
Hydrology Report Complete
Engineering Report Complete
7.2. Way Forward
In conclusion, from this Plan of Study and from a meeting between KZN DAEA,
DEAT, and DWAF the following can be summarised and still necessary to
complete to be compliant with the old EIA Regulations:
• Application for exemption to DEAT to compile with the EIA Regulations
R1183 in terms of section 28 of the ECA for the submission of a scoping report
• Conduct a site visit to assess appropriateness of the various specialist
reports
• Re-conduct a full PPP
• Update specialist reports and compile an EIR
o Includes an operational and construction EMP
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REFERENCES
Abrahamson, C.J. (2003) Engineering Report. Supporting specialist report for the
Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study. DAWF Report No. PB U300-00-0401.
Abrhamson, C.J. and Hansford, J.R. (2002) Main Report. Supporting specialist
report for the Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study. Draft 1. DWAF Report No.
PB U300-00-0901.
Alletson, J. (2001) Assessment of certain biophysical impacts associated with the
proposed raising of the Hazelmere Dam water level. Supporting specialist report
for the Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study.
Anderson, G. (2002) Archaeological Survey. Supporting specialist report for the
Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study. DWAF Report No. PBU300-0901.
Anon (2003) Flood Frequency Analysis Report. Supporting specialist report for
the Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study. DAWF Report No. U300-R001-
9912.
Anon (2003) Water Quality Report. Supporting specialist report for the
Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study. DAWF Report No. PB U300-00-0501.
DWAF (1999) Resources directed measures for protection of water resources,
river ecosystems. Version 1.0 DWAF Report number N/29/99
Edwards, T. (2001) Vegetation Study of the Areas to be Inundated around
Hazelmere Dam. Supporting specialist report for the Hazelmere Dam raising
feasibility study.
Hansford, J.R. (2003) Hydrology Report. Supporting specialist report for the
Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study. DWAF Report No. PB U300-00-0301.
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Huggins, S. and Mkhize, G. (2001) Social Impact Assessment. Supporting
specialist report for the Hazelmere Dam raising feasibility study.
Palmer, R.W., Huggins, G., Mkhize, S., Edwards, T., Alletson, J., and Chutter,
F.M. (2002) Environmental Impact Assessment Report: Hazelmere Dam raising
feasibility study (Final). DWAF Report No. PB U300-00-0701.
Swart, E. and Agenbach, C. (1998) Guideline document. EIA Regulations:
Implementation of Sections 21 22 and 26 of the Environment Conservation Act.
Environmental Impact Management, Department of Environmental Affairs and
Tourism.