TitleTitle

Chapter 13Gene

regulation

CO 13

Fig. 13.1

Fig. 13.3

Fig. 13.4

Fig. 13.4a

Fig. 13.4b

Fig. 13.5

Fig. 13.5a

Fig. 13.5b

Fig. 13.6

Fig. 13.6a

Fig. 13.6b

Fig. 13.7

Fig. 13.7a

Fig. 13.7b

Fig. 13.8

Fig. 13.8a

Fig. 13.8b

Fig. 13.9

Fig. 13.9-1

Fig. 13.9-2

Fig. 13.9-3

Fig. 13.9-4

Fig. 13.9-5

Fig. 13.9-6

Fig. 13.9-7

Fig. 13.10

Fig. 13.10-2

Fig. 13.11

Fig. 13.11a

Fig. 13.11b

Fig. 13.11c

Fig. 13.11d

Fig. 13.12

Repressible operon

Anabolic enzyme

corepressor

Fig. 13.12a

Fig. 13.12b

Fig. 13.13

Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes

3 features:1.2.3

1.2.

3.

Basal transcriptionSome RE: Enhancers or

silencers

Fig. 13.14

General transcription

factors

Core promoter

Fig. 13.15

1. Activators 2. repressors 3. compaction of DNA

Fig. 13.16

Gene accessibility is controlled by changes in chromatin structure

Activators:• Histone acetyltransferase (acetyl group, ---COCH3)

• ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes: to loosen the compaction of chromatin

Fig. 13.17

Steroid hormones exert their effects by binding to a regulatory transcription factors and controlling the

transcription of near genes

Nuclear localization

signals

Glucocorticoid response element

Fig. 13.18

Structure features of regulatory transcription factors allow them

to bind to DNA

Fig. 13.18a

Fig. 13.18b

Fig. 13.18c

Fig. 13.18d

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DNA methylation inhibits gene transcription

DNA methylase

CpG island: near promoter

1. Prevent an activator binding

2. Inhibit open conformation:

Fig. 13.19

13.4 Regulation of RNA processing and translation in eukaryotes

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA: creats protein diversity.

Fig. 13.20

MicroRNAs inhibit mRNA by translastional repression or mRNA degradation

Micro RNA: miRNA

enzyme

RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC)

RNA interference (RNAi):

Fig. 13.21

Iron:vital and toxic ferritin:

store excess iron.

Fig. 13.21a

Fig. 13.21b