Presentation PPT The 55 kDa Tissue Transglutaminase Cross-Linking Active Isoform copy
Tissue Presentation
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Transcript of Tissue Presentation
![Page 1: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tissue
• Group of cells similar in structure and function
• Four types of tissue – Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle
![Page 2: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Epithelial
• Covers surfaces• Functions include protection,
absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception
• Distinguishing characteristics include polarity, cellularity, specialized contacts, support by connective tissue, avascularity, regeneration
• Types include cuboidal, squamous, and columnar in both simple and stratified
Simple
![Page 3: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Simple Epithelia
• Single layers of cells• Four main types which
include squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified
![Page 4: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Simple Squamous
• Single layer• Flattened cells• Disc Shaped nuclei• Sparse cytoplasm• Simplest epithelia
![Page 5: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Simple Cuboidal
• Single layer• Cube-like cells• Large spherical central
nuclei• Functions are to
secrete and absorb
![Page 6: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Simple Columnar
• Single layer• Tall cells• Round to oval nuclei• Some cells bear cilia• Layer may contain
goblet cells• Absorbs, secretes
mucus, enzymes, and other substances
• Ciliated type propels mucus
![Page 7: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pseudostratified Columnar
• Single layer of cells• Differing heights of cells
and nuclei• Some cells do not reach
free surface• May contain goblet cells
and bear cilia• Functions are secretion
mostly of mucus but also propulsion of mucus
![Page 8: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Stratified Epithelia
• Contains multiple layers of cells
• 4 main types which include squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional
![Page 9: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stratified Squamous
• Thick membrane with several layers of cells
• Basal cells are cuboidal or columnar
• Surface cells are flattened• In Keratinized type surface
cells are full of keratin and dead.
• Basal cells are active in mitosis
• Function is to protect tissues
![Page 10: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stratified Cuboidal
• Mostly two layers• Cubelike cells• Protects• Rare in the body
![Page 11: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stratified Columnar
• Several layers• Basal cells mostly
cuboidal• Superficial cells
elongated and columnar• Protects and Secretes
![Page 12: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Transitional Epithelium
• Resembles stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal
• Basal cells cuboidal or columnar
• Surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike
• Depends on organ stretch
![Page 13: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Connective Tissue
• Found in all parts of body• Performs variety of functions
like protecting, supporting, and binding other tissues.
• Main types include connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
• Characteristics include many types of cells, great deal of noncellular, nonliving material between cells of connective tissue
• Connective tissues have a rich supply of blood vessels
![Page 14: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mesenchyme Embryonic
• Gel-like ground substance with fibers and start shaped mesenchymal cells
• Found in embryo• Functions gives rise to
other connective tissue types
![Page 15: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Areolar
• Gel-like matrix with three fiber types, cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells.
• Wraps organs and cushions them
![Page 16: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Adipose
• Matrix, very sparse, closely packed adipocytes , with nucleus pushed to side by fat droplet
• Provide reserve fuel, insulates, supports and protects organs
![Page 17: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reticular
• Network of reticular fibers in a loose ground substance
• Cells lie on network• Fibers form stroma that
supports other cell types
![Page 18: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dense Regular
• Mostly collagen fibers with few elastin fibers
• Major cell is fibroblast• Attaches muscle to
bone, muscle to muscle, or bone to bone
• Withstands great tensile stress when force is applied in one direction
![Page 19: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dense Irregular
• Mainly irregularly arranged collagen fibers and some elastic fibers
• Major cell is the fibroblast
• Withstand tension in several directions
• Provides structural strength
![Page 20: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cartilage Hyaline
• Amorphous but firm• Collagen fibers form
imperceptible network• Supports and reinforces• Has cushioning
properties• Can resist compressive
stress
![Page 21: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cartilage elastic
• Similar to hyaline• More elastic fibers in
matrix• Maintains shape of
structure with flexibility
![Page 22: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fibrocartilage
• Matrix is similar to hyaline but less firm
• Thick collagen fibers• Tensile strength can
absorb compressive shock
![Page 23: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Osseous
• Hard, calcified matrix, with many collagen fivers
• Very well vascularized• Supports and protects• Marrow inside bones is
site for bone formation
![Page 24: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Blood
• Red and white blood cells
• Contained in a fluid matrix
• Transport substances
![Page 25: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nervous Tissue
• Composed of two major cell populations, Neuroglia and Neurons
• Neurons are branching cells
• The neuroglia are special supporting cells that protect, support, and insulate the more delicate neurons
![Page 26: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Muscle Tissue
• Muscle tissue is specialized in contracting and producing body movement
• There are three main types of muscle tissue which include skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
![Page 27: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Skeletal Muscle
• Long cylinders• Multinucleate cells• Used for voluntary
movement, locomotion, and facial expression
![Page 28: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cardiac Muscle
• Branching, striated, usually uninucleate cells
• When contracting it shoots blood into circulation by involuntary control
![Page 29: Tissue Presentation](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020717/559a71f41a28ab07548b46ab/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Smooth Muscle
• Spindle shaped cells• Central nuclei• No striation• Cells form close sheets• Smooth muscle moves
substances and/or objects along internal passageways