tio2 production methods

7/22/2019 tio2 production methods

1/147

)26(

1389


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3/147

" - )6 2(" 2849

24/4/88 .


4/147

.

. .

.9.

.

. .

. . .TiO2XRF

.13/625/5XRF 5/8 .

.TiO2 40%.

.37400.

.87/2452/176/2 . 04/3-+140TiO2

49/516/8TiO2-210149..41/24

78/735/9.25/47

DX7 .

.43/5486/479/7.6/37%

.

2542/735/9TiO24/1


5/147

)7/1(40.777/7TiO25

5/2.94.88/677/7

().70

)(2652/48/7

.d80110.42%

.

)42%( )38%TiO26/5) .2TiO2

(4010945)7/1

.)24(TiO2

.


6/147

:21-122-1

31-2-142-2-163-2-174-2-195-2-1106-2-1

12 3-1121-3-1132-3-1143-3-1154-3-1155-2-1166-3-1

4-1 18181-4-1182-4-1183-4-1


7/147

:201-2202-2222-2224-2

231-4-2232-4-2273-4-2284-4-2315-4-2326-4-2327-4-2

335-237 6-2

381-6-2402-6-2

507-255 8-2559-2

:601-3602-3

611-2-3612-2-3613-2-3


8/147

634-3-2XRF63XRD3-3654-3675-3

671-5-3732-5-3

786-3781-6-3792-6-3

807-3838-3

:871-487 2-4

:911-5)MET(942-596 3-5

961-3-51022-3-5

:

1061-61072-61083-6

1081-3-6


9/147

1082-3-61133-3-6

1154-61151-4-61152-4-61173-4-6

:1191-7119 2-7

1191-2-7ECCI1222-2-7TREP1223-2-71244-2-7

1273-71271-3-71292-3-7

1304-7:

1321-81322-81353-8

137


10/147


11/147

1-1 .

.2-1

)Al(OH)3()()-AlO(OH)()-AlO(OH ) ( Les Baux.

))Berthier1821 .))Karst

. .

. . .

. .

.

. 1-1 .

).1-1(


12/147

1-1 .

Fe2O3 : Al2O3Fe2O3Al2O3SiO2

0.6716.324.546,2Laterite

0.193.116.373.3Granite

0.7319.726.939.2Laterite

0.225.324.456.5Clay

1.1528.324.623.7Laterite

1.0914.913.747.9Basalt

12.267.05.53.0Laterite

14.19.40.738.8Serpentinite

. .

. .

1-2-1

. Bayerite, TucaniteNordstrandite

. .

.

..2-1


13/147

2-1Diaspur

AlOOH

Boehmite

AlOOH

Gibbsite

Al(OH)2Chemical formula

858565.4Al2O3%

151534.6H2O%

OrthorobicOrthorombicMonoclinicCrystal system

6.5-73.5-52.3-3.5Hardness (Mohs)

3.3-3.53.01-3.062.3-2.4Density, g/cm3

.

. .

).1-1(

.

.7/34/23/1 .2-2-1

.

.


14/147

.1-1

..20

.

..

. ..

. .


15/147

.

.

3-2-1

. .

.

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.

. .

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16/147

--pH-

.

.

.))Cape York

4 . 3-1

.

4-2-1 . .

..

. . ..

.4-1.


17/147

3-1 )(LOITiO2Fe2O3 TotSiO2Al2O3

3.4

30.2

0.5

2.0

3.0

1.9

56.5

5.3

21.1

59.8

Arkansas

Nephelone syenite

Bauxite

1.8

26.6

0.3

2.2

0.5

9.2

91.1

9.6

5.2

50.0

Australia

Kaolinitic sandstone

Bauxite

15.0

27.1

1.3

27.2

1.5

1.1

0.4

1.8

14.5

17.5

5.3

9.6

30.4

3.0

53.1

5.5

37.9

51.3

20.9

55.1

Brezil

Kaolinitic clay

Bauxite

Phonolite

Bauxite

7.5

25.6

1.0

2.2

4.7

9.8

61.0

1.4

18.2

60.2

Ghana

Shale

Bauxite

0.4

32.0

0.7

1.6

9.5

3.6

51.3

2.7

12.4

60.2

Guinea

Diabase

Bauxite

0.4

27.6

-

28.1

0.9

0.8

0.5

0.7

6.4

11.6

11.2

1.1

49.1

3.1

52.0

9.8

18.9

56.4

17.3

59.0

Guyane

Epidotite

Bauxite

Dolerite

Bauxite

2.2

25.4

1.7

8.9

14.9

7.1

47.4

1.7

16.8

56.4

India

Basalt

Bauxite


18/147

..4-1


19/147

5-2-185. .

. .

.5-1)(5-1

Abresive(calcinied)

Refractory(calcinied)

ChemicalcementMetalIndustry

)()()()()( 80-88>84.5>5545-5550-55Al2O3

4-8


20/147

. . . .7-1

200719506-1

1950 2,570,000 46,100 8,180,000 1979 14,000,000 15,000 85,500,000

1951 2,880,000 91,400 10,900,000 1980 14,500,000 21,000 89,200,000

1952 3,550,000 42,000 12,800,000 1981 13,100,000 20,000 85,300,000

1953 4,390,000 28,400 13,800,000 1982 10,300,000 49,000 79,300,0001954 5,170,000 16,400 16,200,000 1983 7,800,000 74,000 78,700,000

1955 5,070,000 14,300 17,800,000 1984 9,700,000 82,000 87,200,000

1956 5,910,000 15,200 18,800,000 1985 7,500,000 56,000 84,200,000

1957 7,280,000 62,000 20,500,000 1986 6,800,000 69,000 88,200,000

1958 8,070,000 12,100 21,400,000 1987 9,500,000 201,000 91,600,000

1959 8,390,000 17,700 23,100,000 1988 10,300,000 63,000 97,400,000

1960 9,000,000 29,800 27,600,000 1989 11,400,000 44,000 103,000,000

1961 9,420,000 153,000 29,400,000 1990 12,700,000 53,000 113,000,000

1962 10,900,000 263,000 31,100,000 1991 12,200,000 66,000 111,000,000

1963 9,590,000 206,000 30,700,000 1992 11,300,000 63,000 105,000,000

1964 10,700,000 283,000 33,400,000 1993 11,800,000 90,000 110,000,000

1965 11,800,000 149,000 37,400,000 1994 11,000,000 129,000 106,000,000

1966 12,100,000 63,000 40,700,000 1995 10,600,000 108,000 112,000,000

1967 12,500,000 2,200 44,600,000 1996 10,600,000 132,000 117,000,000

1968 12,200,000 7,440 46,000,000 1997 11,100,000 85,000 122,000,000

1969 13,300,000 5,360 51,800,000 1998 11,400,000 99,000 123,000,000

1970 14,100,000 3,330 57,800,000 1999 10,200,000 149,000 129,000,000

1971 14,200,000 34,500 62,100,000 2000 8,860,000 142,000 136,000,000

1972 13,100,000 29,500 64,900,000 2001 8,540,000 81,000 137,000,000

1973 13,900,000 12,200 70,400,000 2002 7,580,000 42,000 144,000,000

1974 15,500,000 16,000 79,600,000 2003 8,700,000 77,000 153,000,000

1975 12,100,000 20,000 74,800,000 2004 10,300,000 63,000 164,000,000

1976 13,100,000 15,000 77,400,000 2005 12,600,000 52,000 179,000,000

1977 13,200,000 26,000 81,900,000 2006 12,400,000 33,000 190,000,000

1978 14,100,000 13,000 81,000,000 2007 10,600,000 23,000 202,000,000


21/147

7-1)tonne(x1000

2007 2008

Guinea 18,000 18,000 7,400,000 8,600,000

Australia 62,400 63,000 5,800,000 7,900,000

Vietnam 30 30 2,100,000 5,400,000

Jamaica 14,600 15,000 2,000,000 2,500,000

Brazil 24,800 25,000 1,900,000 2,500,000

Guyana 1,600 1,600 700,000 900,000

India 19,200 20,000 770,000 1,400,000

China 30,000 32,000 700,000 2,300,000

Greece 2,220 2,200 600,000 650,000Suriname 4,900 4,500 580,000 600,000

Kazakhstan 4,800 4,800 360,000 450,000

Venezuela 5,900 5,900 320,000 350,000

Russia 6,400 6,400 200,000 250,000

United States NA NA 20,000 40,000

Other countries 7,150 6,800 3,200,000 3,800,000

World total (rounded) 202,000 205,000 27,000,000 38,000,000

. 3-1 .

. ..

1-3-1 50%

)(Al2Si2O5(OH)4 .

. 24%22% . 50% 60%


22/147

.6%%4 .

.30% 8-1.

.8-1

.

.25/1 6/2

2-3-1.

.-1-2 ( ).

.-3 .


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.. .

. 4-3-1

.

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5-3-1.50

.

.

. .

. .

600550 .Al2Si2O7

-OH900.2 Al2Si2O5(OH)42 Al2Si2O7+ 4 H2O


25/147

1050 (Si3Al4O12).

3 Si3Al4O122 Si2Al6O13+ 5 SiO2

.C

o= (360*Al2O3*(Fe2O3+CaO+MgO+So3+K2O+Na2O))/0.228

Co= (390+Al2O3+3Fe2O3-0.5SiO2

:--.-

6-3-1

9-1. .9-1

)(3700450

5500720 450

70 10-1)1384(

.


26/147

10-119931994199519961997

8830000877000094800009180000941000024606322530277258588122814382359676

117415113234431269468130000015000005444000600000570000550000

15600241001330023402322720919378887752897360852457898347

80000085000090000950000254413227650265591364506

.

4-1.

. :

1-4-1

. .

. ).11-1(

2-4-1


27/147

.

).(3-4-1

. .

. . .)11-1(

11-1


28/147


29/147

1-2

. .

.

2-2

))1972. . )1370(

.

.))1376-

.))1381-

.))1382-

.

))1382- .

.


30/147

))1383- .

))1383- .

Al2O3/SiO2))1384- .)(

)2007(- .

. .))2005-

3 5 .

.

))1387- -

.

. .

.

- )1388(

.


31/147

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. -02/21 .-24/-1

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3-2

30462046.)1-2(35362736

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4-2 )1355(

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.

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.)(30660 .

. .

.2-4-21-2-4-2

.

. .

.2-2-4-2

..


33/147

1-2 . 250000/1

.

46 20 46 30

36 27

36 35

0 5 km


34/147

.)(2-2

3-2-4-2

. .

.


35/147

.250000/1.3-2 .

4-2-4-2 ..

. .

.

46 15

5 km


36/147

5-2-4-2 .

. ..

.3-4-2

. .

.

.1-3-4-2

.

. .

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37/147

. .

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. ) (

. . .

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)( ) (

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.)()(

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39/147

-1-2AgeFossil

Late Permian (Julfian)

Baisalina cf. pulchra, Pachyphloia sp., Protonodosaria

praecursor, Stipulina sp., Frondina permica,

Hemigordius cf. brunni, Pachyphloia iranica Bozorgnia,

Paraglobivalvulina mira, Paleofusulina sp.,

Pseudovermiporella sp.

Late Permian (Early Djulfian)

Stipulina sp., Frondina permica Ichtyolaria primitive,

Pachyphloia iranica, paraglobivalvulina mira, Basalina

sp., Tubritina sp., Conodofusiella sp., Pachyphloia sp.,

Langella sp., Permocalculus sp., Pseudovermiporella sp.

Late Permian (Early Julfian

Paraglobivalvulina mira, Stipulina sp., Hemigordius sp.,

Geintizina iranica Bozorgnia, Aghathammina Pusilla,

Pseudovermiporella sp., Mizzia sp.

Early Djulfian

Neoendothyra cf. Recheli, Codonofusiella sp., Nankinella

sp., Hemigordius sp., Neoendothyra sp., Permocalculus

sp.

Late Permian (Murghabian)

Climacammina sp., Langella sp., Hemigordius sp.,

Monogenerina sp., Baisalina sp., Ostracods

Pseudovermiporella sp. & Bryozoa.


Tuberitina sp., Langella sp., Pachyphloia cukuroyi,

Globivalvulina sp., Geinitzina sp., Bryozoa and Algal

fragmenta.


Pavhyphloia cukurkoyi, Langella sp., Ostracods,

Tuberitina sp., Microgastropods, Permocalculus sp.,

Bryozoa.

Late Murghabian

Neoschwagerina sp., Globivalvulina sp., Climacammina

sp., Geinitzina sp., Tuberitina sp., Conodofusiella sp.,

Neoendothyra Reicheli.


40/147

.2-2AgeFossil

Early Traiassic (Scythian)

- Spirobis sp., Microgastropods, Bivalve with Shell

- Fragmets, Microgastropods with worm tube

- Abundant Microgastropods, Ostracods with whorm

tube

- Abundant Microgastropods. Bivalve and shell

fragments

))Transitional .

5-4-2.

.

. .

.

..

. . 200

60 .

""


41/147

. . .

6-4-2.

.

..

..

.45

. 7-4-2

. ( (

).3-2(.


42/147

.3-2AgeFossil

Early Miocene (Burdigalian)

Neoalveolina melo Curdica, Dentritina Rangi,

Miogypsina cf., irregularis, Amphistegina sp.,

meandroposina iranica, Astrigerina sp., Echinoid spine,

Coral, Bryzoa with Algal fragments.

5-2

.

18 . .

.

.

..

.

..

. ( ...)


43/147

.

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.:

.

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4-2 ...

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.)( .

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))))5-2 .4-2

.

.


46/147

. .

.

. 6-2

.

).1370(4010 .

..

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. ..

.

.


47/147

1-6-2 . )1370( .

..94150

1. .

. . . .

.

( 6-2(.

25 .

..

.(

.)1 .


48/147

)).6-2 ) .)


49/147

2-6-2

. . .

.

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).7-2(126)1370(

.45 .

.

.

. .


50/147

).7-2 .)


51/147


52/147


53/147


54/147


55/147


56/147


57/147


58/147


59/147

7-2 (

.)1370SiO2 30 55

Al2O3.2816. 30.4932 . Fe2O3

5/0 . .8

4520 .. .1

.5/21TiO2 3 .

4.8 . )1370(.

XRF

..-.1-.-.-.-.-


60/147

) (. .

.

. .

.

10.3319.

. 8-2.(( .

( 9-2.(

.

. 50 .100

(15 8 ( .9

.)10-2(920).1-2(GPS

.)10-2(


61/147

1-2

123236532936

052346472246

).8-2 PPL2.5X()2.5XPPL XPL5X

.PPL)


62/147

).)9-2 ((5X).2.5X

). .(XPL(5X.


63/147

).)10-2.).

BK18 BK19BK20

BK 55 BK 56 BK 57


64/147

8-2 XRF

.XRD )1370(

.

.

.

.)2-2( .

. ..

.

.

9-2

. ))1384. .

.

.


65/147

(*XRF2-2 .)

2 1 21 *2 *1 28.8327.2753.8742.3944.74SiO2

31.1029.5332.3839.7038.83Al2O3

21.8022.810.160.600.20Fe2O3

4.103.925.257.725.63TiO2

0.630.920.110.300.8CaO0.931.07


66/147

1-2. .

100 ..12

) 11-2( .N92W, 29NE.3126

3011-2 .

150

450).12-2(

12-2


67/147

).13-2(

.)(

13-2 . .PPL, 10X

XRD .


68/147


69/147

1-3 100

. .

:

.

XRFXRD

( ) )(

:

2-3

.


70/147

100 .

. 2

:2 .

..

2100 3075

.XRFXRD

1-2-3 5

. 1-3.

2-2-3 1

. 2-3 .3-2-3


71/147

8

8 .3-3.

)(1-3

)(2-3

D80=39000

D80=14000


72/147

)(3-3

4-2-3 .

.4-3

XRFXRD3-3

.

. .

100. XRD

.XRF2-3XRD1-3.

D80=1800


73/147

4-3

XRD1-3XRD Analysis

Compound Name quantity(%)

Diaspore 30

Pyrophyllite 26.2

Pyrophyllite-2 ITM RG 17.2

Pyrophyllite 16.2

Rutile, syn 5.6

Ilmenite 3.1Anatase, syn 1.7


74/147

)(1-2XRFXRF Analysischemical compound (%)

SiO2 53.87

Al2O3 32.38

Fe2O3 0.16

TiO2 5.25

CaO 0.11

MgO


75/147

1000 2000 . .45

TiO25-3

5-31-5-3

.

. 5 80

20 50 .


76/147

. . 8-10

. .

Fe2O36-350+_30- ) -)300+590

. .

.)(


77/147

70+_50- -)210+300 (

).7-3( . 15 20

. 5 .

.70

-210+3007-3

)-)150+210-70_+100

( 8-3.( 5 7

.

.2015


78/147

-150+2108-3150+_100- ) -)100+150

.

. 10

.)9-3(20-25

-100+1509-3


79/147

200+_

150- ) -)75+100 6-8 ) 10-3(.

20-25

30-35 .

-75+10010-3

270+_200- ) -)53+75

30 . 35-40

.)11-3(


80/147

-53+7511-3

325+_270- ) -)44+53

. 30-35 30

.)12-3(

-44+5312-3


81/147

400+_235- ) -)37

. 40 .

.)13-3(35:

-1 .

-2

.-3

.

-3713-3


82/147

2-5-3 .

.

. .

) ( . 8-10 5 100

. 50 .

. 30 .

.

.30+_18- ) -)590+1000

.

( ( 5 .)14-3(


83/147

-590+100014-3

70+_50- -)210+300 (

5 . 15

.)15-3(

-210+30015-3


84/147

) -)100+150-100_+150

10 . 20-25)16-3( .

-100+15016-3200+_150- ) -)75+100

20-25 ).17-3(30

-75+10017-3


85/147

270+

_

200- ) -)53+75 35-40

. 25-30).18-3(

-53+7518-3) -)44+53-270_+325

30 . 30

.)19-3(


86/147

-44+5319-3

400+_325- ) -)37+44

30-35 .

.)20-3(35-40

-37+4420-3


87/147

400- ) -)37

) 30 (

)40-45 .( 45-50

.)21-3(

-3721-3

6-31-6-3

250

500


88/147

. 3-3 3-3

12)gram(259.8293.1

)3cm(175190 172190170190 172.3190

)3cm

gr(1.511.54

)3cm

gr(1.52

2-6-3 300

.4-3.

4-312

)gr(259.8293.1)3cm(92108

)3cmgr(2.822.7)3

cm

gr(2.76


89/147

7-3 .

.

2020) ( 86 .5-3

5-3))mm111/38

1875/31

34/25

1905/19

52/176/2 .

:1800=F80)(

29/8=a)150(207=A315.

A 250% :

90p=A/3.5= .p8A A 258) 3(

. )( )(


90/147

)( )(.

=A-

= -a

= /

A .

. )hi+1 (hi+1=p-afi )ni+1 (

ni+1=hi )t (t=ni/N

) 5 ( P) 80

( . 22-3 . P80

..

)150 (FP d80 . 78/24

.23-3.


91/147

22-3

8-3

. 10203040

d80 . 24-325-326-3 102030 .

.379840

P80=114


92/147

23

-3


93/147

37

37 d80 37 .

d80 -

.

1024-3


94/147

2025-3

3026-3

Size()

d80=45


95/147


96/147

1-4 .

AB AB

. .

) (

) 3

)

.

).( 3

.

2-4

30 .


97/147

. 04/3kg/lit . 1-4 . 2-4 -

.

TiO21-4 TiO21-4 .

TiO2 . 1-4 2-4 .

.

2-4.-04/3

.


98/147

2-4

1-4 ))gr/cm3(%)

598/2304/36/52/4

1/37/47/19/3


99/147


100/147

1-5 ..

.

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62.6 ...

.

21-5..,Haydn)(2006

21-5 (Haydn(2006,.


101/147

19371. 430 .

2010 .9080 5/1

21955..20

. .

19661010.

..

3 .20

. )HEMF

41220)

. .

.30020.2

842-5. )1976 ,Iannicell(.

1 S.G.Frantz2 G.H.Jones3-Frantz Ferrofilter4 HighExtractionMagneticFilter


102/147

.

. .

MmX)(H).)Prasad et al 1991

1-5 .

))1976 ,Iannicell2-5

1-5


103/147

))2007,Wills1-5)()( 16-1018-1419-1215-11

18-1516-820-1618-10

>13-1018-1318-10

))MET52-51-5

()

. ..

-.

.

. )(

.)1)1/0

5 Magnet Enhancer Technology


104/147

) ()Ravishankar ).

MET2-5 TiO2.

TiO2 5/05/1.

)TiO2)RavishankarMET2-5

.3-5.


105/147

MET))F/SF))MS3-5)Ravishankar(

3-5

6/1 )16000 ( .

)HGMS(HIMS.

.1%7%1-3-5

.)4-5(4/1


106/147

4-5

.

. 10

100)150 ( . 100

. 5-56-5 2-5 .


107/147

5-5

6-5

149


108/147

4/12-5

. )coefficient of separation(

.

. .

.03/0 21

98 100 . 25 .

.

.6-54-58-57-5

feed con middling tailingsweight 230 190 - 40

weight percent 100 82.61 - 17.39

TiO2grade % 8.33 8.02 - 8.94

TiO2 content 19.16 15.24 - 3.58

percent of TiO2 content 100.00 79.53 - 18.66

C.S 0.03


109/147

7-5901003-5

90 feed Conc. middling tailings

Weight(gr) 90.1 30.8 47 12.3weight percent 100 34.18 52.16 13.65

Grade(%) 9.35 7.78 9 11.45

TiO2 content(gr) 8.42 2.40 4.23 1.41

percent of TiO2 content 100.00 28.44 50.21 16.72

C.S 0.06

801004-580 feed con middling talings

Weight(gr) 97.8 33.2 41.8 22.8

weight percent 100 33.95 42.74 23.31

Grade(%) 9.35 7.66 9.14 11.03

TiO2 content(gr) 9.14 2.54 3.82 2.51

percent of TiO2 content 100.00 27.81 41.78 27.50

C.S 0.06


110/147

)(8-5801006-5

Cleaner 80 feed con middling tailings

Weight(gr) 112 29 37 46

weight percent 99.47 25.75 32.86 40.85

Grade(%) 9.35 7.42 8.83 10.14

TiO2 content(gr) 10.47 2.15 3.27 4.66Percent of TiO2

content 100.00 20.55 31.20 44.54

C.S 0.052


111/147

2-3-5 .

.FV (Sp-So) H

dH/dl

F:V:

SpSo:H:

dH/dl:

. .

BoxMag .))407/1 9-5

..2-5.5))8-5(5/2)

.1.10-5)..1(.2.3 ) .2.( 11-5

.


112/147

9-557-5

rougher(5lit/min) feed Conc. tailings

Weight(gr) 458.4 433.8 24.6weight percent 100 94.63 5.37

Grade(%) 7.77 7.02 8.9

TiO2 content(gr) 35.62 30.45 2.19

C.S 0.091

5/28-5rougher(2.5 lit/min) feed Conc. tale

Weight(gr) 793.4 721.4 72

weight percent 100 90.93 9.07Grade(%) 7.77 7.44 9.08

TiO2 content(gr) 61.65 53.67 6.54

C.S 0.039

40 grinding

wet high

TC


113/147

).1(10-5cleaner 1(2.5 lit/min) feed Conc. tailings

weight 662.5 540 122.5

weight percent 100 81.51 18.49

grade 7.44 7.17 8.97

TiO2 content 49.29 38.72 10.99

C.S 0.030

).2(11-5cleaner 2(2.5 lit/min) feed Conc. tailings

weight 475.2 456.5 18.7


grade 7.17 6.88 10.29

TiO2 content 34.07 31.41 1.92

C.S 0.039

.

)(

. -

.

5/25 5/2

. .


114/147


115/147

1-6 8/235/3-45/32/4 .

25/1)-/-(

5/2 75 .

25/1 6

.

. 5/1

) ( .

.1-6


116/147

1-6

((Shaking Table2-6 10 149 )1-6.(

. 1-6 .

1-6 shaking table feed Conc. middling tailings

Weight(gr) 783 370 352 61

weight percent 100 47.25 44.96 7.79

TiO2 Grade(%) 9.35 7.78 9 11.45

TiO2 content(gr) 73.21 28.79 31.68 6.98

percent of TiO2 content 100. 39.32 43.27 9.54

C.S 0.079


117/147

TiO2 35/9% 78/7% .

((multi gravity3-61-3-6

2 .2-6310

2-6mozli feed Conc. tailings

Weight(gr) 823 775 48


Grade TiO2(%) 7.26 6.63 13.97

TiO2 content(gr) 59.75 51.38 6.71

percent of TiO2 content 100.00 86.00 11.22

C.S 0.082

.

. DX7 24-1 4 .

.((multi gravity 2-3-6


118/147

.

.DX7..))fractional

)( . .1624 .

. 3.

.2 . 4

. )( .

.3-6

.

3-6(+)))0)-(

A30)d80=45(35)d80=45(40)37


119/147

.4-6 . .))ANOVADX7

. ))95%5%

. .

3-62-6..ANOVA

4-6)79/7TiO2(

ABCDTiO2 (%)TiO2

(%)

TiO2 (%)

1301214.867.0112.1254.43

2401235.018.6615.671.573303236.28.0115.5775.12

4403215.638.716.8473.67

5301435.938.0514.870.30

6401415.578.5214.8671.06

7303415.868.4914.270.16

8403436.512.8124.0487.80

9352325.568.0614.968.30

10352325.568.0715.6568.56

11352325.358.114.8867.71

12352325.427.9416.2769.02


120/147

2-6.2-6

..TiO2

.FMean.F05/0P.95%

squareMean square))62/17F

noise.88/99%


121/147

-. .

3-6

.)6)RSM.3-6

.7

. )notsignificant(.

6 ResponseSurfaceMethod7-lackoffit


122/147

4-6 Pred R-square 59/0 Adj R-s

.Adeq-Precisior 4 . Adeq-

Precisior52/13.

3-3-6

. optimization

4-6


123/147

TiO2)5-6( 1. .

5-65-6

74/39.11.201/2.31.4


124/147

4-61-4-6

.

.

.

-

.2-4-6

. - )(

. ) 6-6(

. ) 8 ( 203040 )6-6.(5-69-6

.


125/147

6-6

7/0205-6cyclon 20- 0.7(kg/cm

3) Feed OF UF

Weight percent (%) 100 23.60 76.40

Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.56 8.72

TiO2 content(%) 100.00 13.79 85.42

c.s 0.098

1206-6cyclon 20- 1 (kg/cm

3

) Feed OF UFpercent weight(%) 100 22.87 77.13

Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.58 8.47

TiO2 content(%) 100.00 13.43 83.76

c.s 0.094

5001207-6

cyclone 20 - 1kg/cm3 -with

dispersant Feed OF UF

Weight percent (%) 100 26.25 73.75

Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.52 8.76

TiO2 content(%) 100.00 15.21 82.82

c.s 0.110


126/147

1308-6cyclone 30 1 kg/cm3 Feed OF UF

Weight percent (%) 100 34.18 65.82

Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.97 9.16

TiO2 content(%) 100.00 21.78 77.30

c.s 0.124

1409-6cyclon 40 1 kg/cm3 Feed OF UF

Weight percent (%) 100 39.16 60.84

Grade TiO2 (%) 7.80 5.15 8.73

TiO2 content(%) 100.00 26.54 69.88

c.s 0.133

UF: :OF 3-4-6

))

. .

.

50% .40%


127/147


128/147

1-7 .

.

. :

-1-2

-3

.-4

. .

.

2-7)(carrierFlotation1-2-7

8 1961

8 EngelhardCorporation


129/147

)Green et al.1961(.

. 1-7 .

))Green et al.19611-7

.

. 9 10 1990

:-1-2

9 Forssberg10

Subrahmanyam


130/147

-3 ) ( ) ()2007,Koca&Koca(

11 12 . " "13) (

.

.

1983 (High intensity Conditioning, HIC)

. .

.

.

.

14 1967 ) ( .

15

11 Wang

12 Somasundaran

13 Piggybackphenomenon

14 Mercade

6 oligomer


131/147

. TiO2.8/0

ECCI16 2-2-7ECCI .

40 60 . 17

.

.

.

. ECCI . 15 20

.),)Parekh &Miller1999

TREP18 3-2-7 TREP Freeport kaolin) ( .

.

16

EnglishChainaClayIntenational 17

Cundy18

TitaniumRemovalandExtractionProcess


132/147

)25( .

)Bacon & Brooks 1984( )Bacon 1984.(

200 . 19

. TREP . 50 65 2

N 3 lb/ton-1 250 .pH NaOH7-5/6 .

15 24 . )oxidizing( oxone

.pH 5/6 8/6 .pH

1/6 . 5/0lb/ton 5lb/t 20 .

pH 4 .pH 1/6 3/6 .

.ECCITREP 4lb/t

. pH

19

deflocculant


133/147

8/7 . H2SO410 15lb/tk Brite

) ( . .

TREP .

).1-7(

))Parekh & J. D. Miller1-7

TiO2 .

TiO2 .

.

4-2-8

.


134/147

.

))Parekh & J. D. Miller2-7

.

--

.-

.

.

. .

(RC(O)NHOM) R M


135/147

:.))1991,Prasad & Reid-1-2

20 . pH 6 .

. 70 15

45 . .

. pH 8 10

pH pH 10 .

pH 9 5/9 . 3-7 pH TiO2.))Mathur, 2002

-1-2

)(

20 Yoon&Hilderband


136/147

))Mathur, 2002pH3-7

TiO2

. 4-7

).)Mathur, 2002))Mathur, 20024-7

3-71-3-7 510 .

25 1600 5 1200 .pH

5/9


137/147

pH 5/10 . 5-7 .6-7 .

5-7C.Sgrade(%)

whight

percent (%)Carrier flotation

c.sUFOFFEEDUFOFpHDispresent

(gr/ton)

Despresent

(gr/ton)collector

carrier

particle

(%)

test

no

0.0494.595.044.97

64.47

35.53

10--

oleic

acid51

-0.0389.8289.1552.0947.919.8--oleic

acid52

-0.0958.035.727.0568.4631.549.5--oleic

acid53

-0.1048.215.957.1771.4228.589.5--oleic

acid54

-0.0857.526.086.7979.3720.639.61000-sodium

oleat105

-0.0467.3766.9882.1617.849.61000-oleic

acid106

0.0286.226.636.4480.88

19.12

10.51000-

sodium

oleat107

0.0665.846.586.3581.7718.2310.510001000oleic

acid108

6-7wieght recovery Ca (%)

test no of uf

1 - -

2 - -

3 27.44 71.434 5.06 91.94

5 3.03 93.34

6 0.86 95.35

7 1.62 95.96

8 1.17 93.56


138/147

C.S pH 10 . pH

. .

. -

. .

2-3-7 pH

.7-77-7

uncarrier flotation whight percent grade(%) C.S

collector

Activator(lead

acetat)

(gr/t)

Despresent

(gr/t)

Dispresent(sodium

silicate)

(gr/t)

pH of Uf Feed of uf

1 sodium oleat 200 - 1000 9.6 25.58 74.42 7.77 6.28 8.23 -0.044

2 oleic acid 200 - 1000 9.6 19.39 80.61 7.77 5.97 8.21 -0.046

3 oleic acid 200 1000 1000 10.5 15.97 84.03 7.77 6.35 7.85 -0.009

4

90%oleic

acid+10%aero845

200 1000 1000 10.5 21.32 78.68 7.77 6.33 8.15 -0.038

5 sodium oleat 200 1000 1000 10.5 19.60 80.40 7.77 6.43 8.08 -0.032

6 oleic acid 1300 1000 1000 10.5 18.91 81.09 7.77 6.34 7.96 -0.020

790%sodiumoleat+ 10%

aero845

1300 1000 1000 10.5 15.13 84.87 7.77 6.42 7.88 -0.012


139/147

7-7 45 Aero 845 .

Aero845 830 . 10 . Aero845

pH . .

4-7-

.( )

. .

.

. .

.


140/147


141/147

1-8.

).2(

. .

.

)(..

. .

.TiO2XRF XRF 13/625/5 .

. .5/8

TiO2 .

2-8.-1-2

1-8.7/159306/51/3TiO2.

. 5/8.XRF.


142/147

XRF TiO25/8 . .

1-8XRFXRF Analysis

chemical compound (%)

SiO2 53.87

Al2O3 32.38

Fe2O3 0.16TiO2

*5.25

CaO 0.11

MgO


143/147

(-140+21016/8TiO2)

49/5 41/24149..

35/9.25/4778/7

DX7 .

79/7 86/4 .43/54 6/37%

.343

24

.

-6 .

4/142/735/9TiO2 25

)7/1(40.77/7TiO25

.9475/2

88/677/7.

).70(


144/147

)(-7

52/48/7 26 d80110.

.42%

-8 .

.

.

-9 )42% ) TiO26/5))6/37%.2TiO2

)7/1(40945

.10

3-8-1 XRF TiO2 .

13/625/5XRF TiO2XRF.5/8

)(


145/147

.

-2 )24(TiO2.


146/147

- ))1382

.- ))1370

.285- ))1383

.138..- ))1388

. 7255-62- ))1381

.- ))1387

. ..3459473

- -))1387 .

- Al2O3/SiO2))1384 ..)(

.156- ))1382 )

.2167-184.).- ))1383

. 4 2387-400.

- ))1376 . .156- "" 9


147/147

-Bahrami, B. and Emam Alipour, A. (2005) Processing of bauxite mineral

bearing titanium of Ghopi Baba Ali (Mian doab) mine. World Mining

Congress, Tehran, Iran.

-Balkay, B., Samimi, M. (1972) Geological investigations of Iranian bauxites

and other high alumina minerals. Geological Survey of Iran. Internal report.

-Calagari, A.A. and Abedini, A. (2007) Geochemical investigation on Permo-

Triassic bauxite horizon at Kanisheeteh, east of Bukan, West-Azarbaidjan,

Iran.Journal of Geochemical Investigation, 94, 1-18.

-Haydn, H. M. (2006) Developmentsin Clay Science. Exploration, Mininig and

Processing. Volume 2, Chpter 4, pp. 67-83

-Iannicell, J. (1976)IHigh extraction magnetic filtration of kaolin clay.Clays

and Clay Minerals, Vol. 24, pp. 64-68

-Koca, S. and Koca, H. (2007) Carrier Flotation of alunite from kaolin clay.

Processing of Raw Materials for Glass and Ceramics Cl1-1

-Mathur, Sh. (2002)Kaolin Flotation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

v 256,pp153158

-Parekh, B. K. & Miller, J. D. (1999)Advances in flotation technology. SME, p

222-228

- Prasad M S ; Reid K J and Murray H H (1991) Kaolin: processing

tio2 production methods

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