Historical Skills

ToolboxTimelines

and Primary & Secondary Sources

Activity:Examine the timelines of the civilisations of Egypt (Timeline 1), Greece (Timeline 2) and Rome (Timeline 3) and answer the following questions.

1 Over what timespan did the Egyptian Old Kingdom exist?The Egyptian Old Kingdom existed between __________ and ___________2 During which years were the Greeks at war with the Persians?The Greeks were at war with the Persians between _______ and _______3 When did the Roman Empire begin?The Roman Empire began in _______4 How long did the Roman Empire last?The Roman Empire lasted for _______ years5 Which of the three civilisations lasted for the longest period of time?The longest civilisation was the _____________. It lasted ______ years.

T im e lin e

C H A P T E R E V E N T S

5 0 00 B C E

T h e firs t se ttle rs a rrive in E gyp t c. 5 50 0 B C E

The pre -dynastic period : c. 5500–3000 B C E

3 0 00 B C E

T he un ifica tion o f E gypt under c. 3600–3100 B C E

K ing N arm er

E arly D ynastic P eriod c. 3100–2686 B CE

The P yram id o f D joser is bu ilt c. 2700 B C E

The O ld K ingdom c. 2649–2150 B C E

T he G rea t Pyram id o f G iza is bu ilt c 2560 B C E

2 0 00 B C E

The M idd le K ingdom c. 2040–1640 B C E

K in g M entuh o te p un ite s E gyp t a fte r c. 20 2 0 B C E

a p eriod o f c iv il w ar

K ing A m enem het III leads E gyp t to c. 1850 B C E

great prosperity

T he ru le o f the H yksos 1730–1530 B C E

The N ew K ingdom c. 1550–1070 B C E

The w orkers ’ v illage o f D e ir e l-M edina 1500 B C E

is bu ilt

The re ign o f R am eses II c. 1303–1213 B C E

‘the G rea t’

1 0 00 B C E

A ssyrian arm ies and P ers ian a rm ies 747–332 B C E

conquer E gyp t

T h e M a ce do n ia n ge n era l A le xa nd e r th e G rea t 33 2 B C E

conquers E gyp t E g yp t is ru le d b y G ree k k in g s ca lled 32 3 –3 0 B C E

the P to le m ie s

The last o f the P to lem aic pharaohs, 30 B C E

C leopa tra V II, d ies and R om e takes over E gyp t

1 C E

W O R L D E V E N T S c. 4000 B C E In Iraq, la rge c ities bu ilt in S u m er c. 3000 B C E In Iraq , S um erians in troduce w riting c. 3000–1450 B C E In C re te , the M inoan c iv ilisa tion flo u rishe s c. 2500 B C E In Ind ia , the Indus R ive r Va lley c iv ilisa tion deve lops 19 00 B C E In Turkey, th e H ittite pe op le d eve lo p iron production

1800 B C E In P eru , the firs t v illages are bu ilt

17 66 B C E In C h ina , th e S h an g dyna sty beg ins

1750–1200 B C E In Turkey, the H ittite E m pire is a t the he igh t o f its pow er 15 00 B C E In S outh A m erica , th e M a ya n c iv ilisa tion beg ins c.1 20 0 B C E In C h in a , b ro nze ca sting is deve loped

10 00 B C E In G re ece , th e p ro du ction o f iron be co m e s com m on 753 B C E R om e is founded c. 27 B C E A ugus tus becom es the firs t em peror o f R om e c. 1 C E T h e tra d ition a l da te o f the b irth o f C h ris t

126 History for the Australian Curriculum 7

T im e lin e

C H A P T E R E V E N T S

3 0 00 B C E

M inoan civ ilisa tion in C re te c. 3000–1600 B CE

G ree k spe aking tribe s en te r G ree ce c. 3000–1450 B C E

2 0 00 B C E

W O R L D E V E N T S

c. 3100–2686 B C E E arly Egyptian dynastic period

c. 2500 B C E Indus R ive r Va lley c iv ilisa tio n deve lops

M ycenaea n c iv ilisa tio n c. 2000 –110 0 B C E c. 1600 B C E S han g dynasty beg in s in C h ina

c. 1600 B C E Thera destroye d by vo lcano

c. 1674–1550 B C E H yksos ru le E gyp t

1550 –1085 B C E N ew K ingdo m in E gyp t

P hoen ic ian c iv ilisa tio n c. 1500 –300 B C E

A thens estab lished c. 1400 B CE

Tro jan W ar c. early 1100s B C E

D orians overru n M ycenaean s c. 1100 B C E

P erio d o f D a rk A ge c. 1100–900 B C E

1 0 00 B C E

Last A then ia n k in g d ies c. 900 B C E

G reek po le is and co lon isa tion c. 750 B C E

I liad and O dyssey w ritten c. 700s B C E

E arly A thenian dem ocracy c 750–594 B C E

Pe isistra tid tyranny in A thens c. 546–527 B C E

K le isthenes’ re fo rm s c. 508–507 B C E

5 0 0 B C E

Ion ia n revo lt c. 499–492 B C E

G reco-P ers ian W ars c. 490 –479 B C E

Peric les’ dem ocratic re form s c. 460s B CE

P elo p on ne s ia n W a r c. 4 3 1– 40 4 B C E

4 0 0 B C E

Battle o f Leuctra c. 371 B C E

A ssa ss ina tio n o f P h illip II o f M aced o n c. 3 3 6 B C E

A lexande r’s re ign c. 336–32 3 B C E

3 0 0 B C E

1 C E

c. 1391–1358 B C E A m arn a pe rio d in E g yp t

c. 1368–1349 B C E R eign o f Tu tankham un

c. 1070–71 2 B C E Third E gyptian in term edia te period c. 753 B C E R om e is founded c. 509 B C E R om ans overthrow the E truscan ru ling fam ily and estab lish a repub lic 34 0 B C E T he L a tin W a r beg ins 44 B C E A ssassina tion o f Ju lius C aesar

c. 27 B C E P rincipate – R om an E m pire beg ins c. 1 C E T he trad itiona l da te o f the b irth o f C hris t

ISBN 978-1-107-67593-3 © Angela Woollacott, Michael Adcock, Helen Butler, Richard Malone, Robert Skinner, Nicholas Vlahogiannis 2012 Cambridge University P Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.

Analysing primary and secondary sourcesSources are items that contain information for historians. Sources come in a number of forms, such as written texts, artefacts (pots, weapons, jewellery, etc.), art and even buildings.

Primary sourcesPrimary sources are those created at the time of the event. You may like to think of primary sources as ‘first-hand accounts’.There are many different types of primary sources, such as royal inscriptions, memoirs, letters, photographs, books and articles, speeches, artefacts, buildings, government documents, diaries, and many more.

Secondary sourcesSecondary sources are those created after the time of the event. You may like to think of the secondary sources as ‘second-hand accounts’.Secondary sources often make reference to primary sources, and much like primary sources there are different types of secondary sources, e.g. textbooks, magazines and documentaries.

Please complete the following worksheet to practice identifying sources.

Primary and Secondary Sources

Analysing Primary and Secondary Sources

Sources are items that contain _________________ for historians. Sources come in a number of

forms, such as written _____, ___________ (pots, weapons, jewellery, etc.), art and even

_____________.

Primary sources

Primary sources are those created ________________________. You may like to think of primary

sources as ‘___________-________ accounts’.

There are many different types of primary sources, List 3 from the slide:

, ,

Secondary sources

Secondary sources are those created _________ the time of the event. You may like to think of the

secondary sources as ‘‘___________-________ accounts’.

Secondary sources often make reference to primary sources, and much like primary sources there

are different types of secondary sources, e.g. __________, ____________ and

__________________.

Identifying Primary and Secondary Sources

Determine if the sources below would be a Primary Source or a secondary source:

1) A biography about Abraham Lincoln. Primary Secondary

2) The declaration of independence. Primary Secondary

3) A TV show explaining what happened in Vietnam. Primary Secondary

4) A website describing what the first World's Fair was like. Primary Secondary

5) A Vietnam veteran talking about the war in Vietnam. Primary Secondary

6) A letter from a soldier describing World War 2. Primary Secondary

7) An actor describing a movie role about World War 2. Primary Secondary

8) A history book describing the Bourke and Wills exploration. Primary Secondary

9) A friend describing the snowstorm he was in last year. Primary Secondary

10) A journal written by a scribe in ancient China. Primary Secondary

11) A 1992 journal article written about how Indians lived. Primary Secondary

12) A classmate giving a report about World War 2. Primary Secondary

13) A 1941 newspaper article describing the attack on Pearl Harbor. Primary Secondary

14) A diary from a soldier in Gallipoli Primary Secondary

15) An autobiography* about John Howard. Primary Secondary

*An autobiography is a biography (life story) written by the person it is about.