TIME MANAGEMENT 641 Topic 03 Activity Sequencing.
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Transcript of TIME MANAGEMENT 641 Topic 03 Activity Sequencing.
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TIME MANAGEMENT 641
Topic 03
Activity Sequencing
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• Assemble project scope, historical data, WBS
and identify constraints & assumptions;
• Create an Activity List, document supporting
detail and update WBS;
SUMMARY TO DATE
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TIME MANAGEMENT PROCESS
• Definition of activities;
• Sequencing of activities;
• Estimating duration of activities;
• Schedule development;
• Monitor and control of schedule;
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2. - ACTIVTY SEQUENCING
• Armed with the Activity Definitions we can move
onto the Activity Sequencing Phase of the
process:
Step 2 - Activity Sequencing
• Identifies and documents activities’
dependencies upon each other.
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Activity Sequencing
• performed on paper or computer software;
• purpose is logical planning only;
• an understanding is achieved through a manual
process - remember the software is only a tool;
• manual process is useful where little detail exists
or for small projects;
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Activity Sequencing - Inputs
EXERCISE No. 3
• Activity Sequencing is step 2 in the process of
Time Management and again requires certain
inputs and outputs.
• Attempt to identify those Inputs are.
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Activity Sequencing - Inputs
• Activity List;
• Constraints & Assumptions;
• Product Description;
• Mandatory Dependencies;
• Discretionary Dependencies;
• External Dependencies;
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Activity List:
• This is the activity list is derived from the first phase of the process.
Constraints & Assumptions:
• These are the Constraints & Assumptions derived from the first phase of the process.
Activity Sequencing - Inputs
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Product Description:
• documents characteristics of the project;
• in construction this is normally contained within drawings, specifications and related documentation;
• project characteristics determine the actions e.g layout of a gold mine;
• effects may be apparent through activity list but should be confirmed at this point for accuracy;
Activity Sequencing - Inputs
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Dependencies:
• a dependency is reliance by one activity on
another:
• activities or parts of activities cannot be done until
another activity or part of activity is done;
• requires asking “which activities depend on others
for completion?”
• in a dependency the first activity is a predecessor
followed by a successor;
Activity Sequencing - Inputs
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Mandatory Dependencies:
• a Mandatory Dependency is one inherent to the
construction method or sequence;
• they usually involve physical limitations - eg brick
wall cannot be started until footings are placed
and cured;
• mandatory dependencies are referred to as
“Hard Logic”;
Activity Sequencing - Inputs
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Discretionary Dependencies:
• referred to as “Soft Logic”;
• these dependencies are defined by the team;
• must be documented - no rules to govern them;
• must be used carefully - may restrict you later;
• are usually based on project manager’s
discretion based on “Best Practices” or available
alternatives;
Activity Sequencing - Inputs
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External Dependencies:
• are factors outside the project that affect activity
sequencing of activities e.g. outcome of
Environmental Impact Studies prior to project
commencing;
Activity Sequencing - Inputs
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Activity Sequencing - Inputs
The logic of a dependency occurs in 1 of 4 ways:
1 Finish to Start - predecessor must finish before
successor can start e.g. place reinforcement
before concrete pour;
2 Start to Start - predecessor must start before
successor can start e.g. site clearance before
topsoil removal;
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Activity Sequencing - Inputs
3 Finish to Finish - predecessor must finish before
successor finishes, similar to Start - Start eg site
clearance must finish before topsoil removal can
finish;
4 Start to Finish - predecessor must start before
successor finishes eg electrical cable installation
must start before a pump installation can be
finished;
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Activity Sequencing - Inputs
• finish-to-start is most common type of logic;
• start-to-finish rarely used, only by professional
scheduling engineers;
• start-to-start, finish-to-finish, or start-to-finish
relationships with project management software
can produce unexpected results since they are
not consistently implemented.
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Activity Sequencing - Inputs
“LAG”:
• Lag is an appreciation of activity relationships;
• Site Clearance & Topsoil with a Start - Start
dependency is typical;
• lags are similar to discretionary dependencies;
• they are subjective and must be fully
documented and substantiated;
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Activity Sequencing - Tools
• We have now identified our activities through the
WBS and Activity Definition Process:
• We should now be able to determine their
relationship and use a diagramming tool to
display them.
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Activity Sequencing - Tools
EXERCISE No. 4
• The noise wall activities were identified through
the WBS and Activity Definition Process:
• We should now be able to determine their logical
relationship and use a diagramming tool to
display them. Nominate, for each activity, what
it’s predecessor is.
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1.01 Contract Award
2.01 Site Preparation
2.02 Excavate Footings
3.01 Order/Deliver Bricks
3.02 Order/Deliver Concrete
4.01 Pour footings (S/C)
4.02 Concrete curing
4.03 Erect walls
4.04 Hang gate
5.01 Practical Completion
Activity ListPredecessor
-
1.01
2.01
1.01
1.01
2.02 & 3.02
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
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Diagrammatic Representation
There are two principal ways of showing this
information:
• Network Diagrams;
• Bar “Gantt” Charts;
Gantt charts are part of Schedule Development.
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Statistical Programming Techniques:
• for use in sophisticated programming situations
only;
• known as PERT and GERT;
• Program (Graphical) Evaluation & Review
Techniques;
• rely on probability analysis of activity durations
and likelihood of achieving them;
Diagrammatic Representation
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Network Diagrams;
• organisation of activities and relationships in a
diagrammatic form;
• highlights important relationships;
• allows analysis and review;
• is most common form in software packages;
• known as activity on node;
Diagrammatic Representation
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Network Diagrams;
Diagrammatic Representation
Repair Walls
Buy Paint & Grout
Sand & Clean
Remove Grout
Paint Walls
Regrout
Install Fittings
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EXERCISE No. 5
• Prepare a Network Diagram (activity on node) for
the brick security wall as per the actvity list
developed.
Diagrammatic Representation
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Security Wall Network Diagram
Diagrammatic Representation
Award
Site Prep
Order Concrete
Excavate
Order Bricks
Pour Concrete
Erect Walls
Hang Gate
Curing
PC
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Diagrammatic Representation
• network diagrams show paths & dependence
of activities;
• demonstrates how delay in one affects a
successor;
• ultimately after further development it helps
define the CRITICAL PATH;
• this is the path of activities that take the
longest time to complete;
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• this is the path where a delay in an activity will
delay the project by the same amount;
• it also shows the path where time can be saved
because acceleration of those activities will lead
to earlier completion;
• the network diagram is consequently an
important communication tool for discussion with
project participants.
Diagrammatic Representation
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Our outputs for the Activity Sequencing step are:
• Network Diagram
• Updated Activity List
Activity Sequencing - Outputs
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Network Diagram:
• schematic display of project activities and
relationships;
• produced manually or by computer;
• maybe detailed by summary or detail activities;
• provide a narrative summary to accompany
diagram;
• is NOT a PERT or GERT;
Activity Sequencing - Outputs
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Updated Activity List:
• similar to WBS update during Activity Definition;
• sequencing phase identifies activities not
previously listed or detailed;
• list is updated to accommodate new or redefined
activities;
Activity Sequencing - Outputs
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• Assemble project scope, historical data, WBS
and identify constraints & assumptions;
• Create an Activity List, document supporting
detail and update WBS;
• Identify logic and relationships between activities
to develop into a network diagram;
• Evaluate & analyse network - refine where
possible;
SUMMARY TO DATE
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TIME MANAGEMENT PROCESS
• Definition of activities;
• Sequencing of activities;
• Estimating duration of activities;
• Schedule development;
• Monitor and control of schedule;