TIMECRYSTALSPerpetual motion without energy.

Contents:•What is a time crystal?•Put forward by•Experimental proofs•Methods•Phasor representations•Symmetry breaking•Speculations•Applications•conclusion

What is a time crystal?A time crystal or space-time crystal is an open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking (TTSB). It is impossible for a time crystal to be in equilibrium with its environment

First predicted by Nobel-Prize winning theoretical physicist Frank Wilczek back in 2012, time crystals are structures that appear to have movement even at their lowest energy state, known as a ground state.

• Experimental setup on trapped ions

University of Maryland:Ytterbium atoms.Two lasers for spin flip orientations.Period T-resulted 2T.Harvard university:Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamonds.Microwaves for spin orientations.Period T-result 2T.

• Symmetry breaking – symmetry of the liquid has been broken freezing into ice.• Imagine it like jelly - when you tap it, it repeatedly jiggles. The same thing happens

in time crystals, but the big difference here is that the motion occurs without any energy.

• A time crystal is like constantly oscillating jelly in its natural, ground state, and that's what makes it a whole new form of matter - non-equilibrium matter. It's incapable of sitting still.

Graphical view on trapped ions

a)A four dimensional (4-D) crystal structureb)A typical 3-D structure

Phase diagram of a discrete time crystal as a function of Ising interaction strength and spin echo pulse imperfections.

Applications cum Advantages

• Chrono metamaterials.• Quantum machines.• Quantum computing– qubits of higher order.• Nano-sized Storage devices.• DE coherence corrected.• Electron spin can be used instead of transistor.• A speculation that time can be theorized.

Conclusion:

Thus, Time crystals can make things unpredictable like time travel and even quantum computation at the first place.

References:F. Wilczek, “Quantum Time Crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 160401 (2012).P. Bruno, “Comment on “Quantum Time Crystals”,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 118901 (2013).H. Watanabe and M. Oshikawa, “Absence of Quantum Time Crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 251603 (2015).V. Khemani, A. Lazarides, R. Moessner, and S. L. Sondhi, “Phase Structure of Driven Quantum Systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 250401 (2016).C. W. von Keyserlingk, V. Khemani, and S. L. Sondhi, “Absolute Stability and Spatiotemporal Long-Range Order in Floquet Systems,” Phys. Rev. B 94, 085112 (2016).D. V. Else, B. Bauer, and C. Nayak, “Floquet Time Crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 090402 (2016).N. Y. Yao, A. C. Potter, I. D. Potirniche, and A. Vishwanath, “Discrete Time Crystals: Rigidity, Criticality, and Realizations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 030401 (2017).J. Zhang et al., “Observation of a Discrete Time Crystal,” arXiv:1609.08684.S. Choi et al., “Observation of Discrete Time-Crystalline Order in a Disordered Dipolar Many-Body System,” arXiv:1610.08057.J. Smith, A. Lee, P. Richerme, B. Neyenhuis, P. W. Hess, P. Hauke, M. Heyl, D. A. Huse, and C. Monroe, “Many-body Localization in a Quantum Simulator with Programmable Random Disorder,” Nature Phys. 12, 907 (2016).