Tm hiu v Mainbo a d

Tm hi u v Mainboad - M ch t o xung Clock Gen Xung Clock hay cn g i l xung nh p ch c a my tnh, n chnh xc v m t th i gian v v y m n c thu t ng Clock t c l ng h th i gian.

Ki n th c v Mainboard

1 - Ch c nng c a m ch Clock Gen (M ch t o xung Clock)

M ch Clock Gen l g ? Clock Gen (Clock Generator - M ch t o xung Clock) - Xung Clock hay cn g i l xung nh p ch c a my tnh, n chnh xc v m t th i gian v v y m n c thu t ng Clock t c l ng h th i gian.

ngha c a xung Clock trn my tnh.- Xung Clock trn my tnh c ngha h t s c quan tr ng, n i theo cc d li u Data nh ngha gi tr cho d li u ny, m t d li u Serial Data (d li u n i ti p) n u khng c xung Clock i cng th n tr nn v ngha.- Trn cc h th ng s , cc IC x l tn hi u s m khng c xung Clock th n khng ho t ng c, v v y xung Clock l m t i u ki n cho cc IC trn my tnh c th ho t ng.- Xung Clock cn c ngha ng b d li u trong ton h th ng my tnh.

CPU ch ho t ng khi c 3 i u ki n: Vcc, xung Clock v tn hi u kh i ng Reset

Chipset b c ch ho t ng khi c 3 i u ki n: Vcc, xung Clock v tn hi u kh i ng Reset

2 - V tr m ch c a m ch Clock Gen v c i m nh n bi t

V tr c a m ch Clock Gen trn s nguyn l - Trn s nguyn l, m ch Clock Gen ng c l p v khng ph thu c vo cc thnh ph n khc trn Mainboard, m ch ho t ng u tin sau khi c ngu n chnh cung c p v t o ra nhi u t n s Clock khc nhau cung c p cho cc thnh ph n khc nhau trn Main.

M ch t o xung Clock trn s nguyn l

V tr c a m ch Clock Gen trn v my

M ch t o xung Clock - Clock Gen trn Mainboard GIGABYTEm ch g m m t IC c th ch anh 14,3MHz ng bn c nh

c i m nh n bi t m ch Clock gen trn Mainboard - B n hy tm trn Mainboard m t IC (th ng l IC c hai hng chn) v bn c nh c th ch anh 14.3MHz => chnh l IC t o

xung Clock, IC v th ch anh t o nn m ch Clock Gen.

M ch Clock Gen trn Mainboard ASUS g m m t IC hai hng chn c th ch anh 14,3MHz bn c nh

3 - Nguyn l ho t ng c a m ch Clock Gen (m ch t o xung Clock)

S nguyn l c a m ch Clock Gen

S nguyn l m ch Clock Gen

Ch thch:- VDD - Chn i n p cung c p 3,3V - FS0, FS1, FS2 - Chn ch n t n s Clock cho CPU - CPU_STOP - Tn hi u ng ng ho t ng c a CPU - PCI_STOP - Tn hi u ng ng ho t ng c a PCI - PWRDN# - Tn hi u t t ngu n - SDATA - Trao i d li u v i Chipset nam v RAM - SCLOCK - Trao i xung nh p - PWR_GD# - Tn hi u bo s c c a c a ngu n ATX v cc m ch n p trn Main

- XTAL - Chn th ch anh

- CK_CPU - Xung Clock c p cho CPU- CK_MCH - Xung Clock c p cho Chipset b c - CK_AGP - Xung Clock c p cho Card Video- CK_ICH - Xung Clock c p cho Chipset nam- CK_FWH - Xung Clock c p cho ROM BIOS- CK_LPC - Xung Clock c p cho IC- SIO- CK_LAN - Xung Clock c p cho IC Card Net onboard- CK_MPC - Xung Clock c p cho khe PCI- CK_SLOT - Xung Clock c p cho khe PCI- CK-14M - Xung c p cho cc IC Chipset nam, SIO, Card video

Nguyn l ho t ng c a m ch Clock Gen

S kh i c a IC - Clock Gen

- Khi c i n p VDD 3,3V cung c p vo cc m ch trong IC, m ch dao ng t o xung g c b ng th ch anh 14,3MHz ho t ng t o ra dao ng chu n l 14,3MHz., sau cc m ch t o xung Clock s l y dao ng chu n t th ch anh r i nhn v i m t t l nh t nh t o ra cc t n s xung Clock khc nhau cung c p cho cc thnh ph n c a Mainboard.

L u : - Tn hi u Vtt_PWR_GD# l tn hi u bo s c t m ch Logic t p h p t cc tn hi u P.G (Power Good - Bo s c cho ngu n ATX) , VRM_GD - Bo s c c a m ch n p cho

CPU, PG_VDDR - Bo s c c a m ch n p cho RAM v PG_V1,5V - bo s c c a m ch n p cho Chipset - N u m t trong 4 thnh ph n l ngu n ATX, m ch VRM, n p cho Chipset v m ch n p cho RAM c s c th s m t tn hi u Vtt_PWR_GD# v m ch t o xung Clock s khng ho t ng.

M ch bo s c t cc m ch n p v kh ng ch IC t o xung Clock v Chipset nam, Khi cc m ch n p c s c => s m t tn hi u PWR_GD => M ch Clock v Chipset nam s khng ho t ng

4 - H h ng v ph ng php ki m tra, s a ch a.

Bi u hi n c a my khi h ng m ch Clock Gen - M ch Clock Gen ho t ng tr c cc IC trn Mainboard v ho t ng sau b ngu n ATX (ngu n chnh) v sau cc m ch n p nh m ch VRM ( n p cho CPU), m ch n p cho RAM, cho Chipset.- M ch cung c p xung Clock cho cc thnh ph n khc trn Mainboard ho t ng nh CPU, Chipset b c, Chipset nam, SIO, ROM BIOS, cc khe AGP, PCI, IDE

V v y khi h ng m ch Clock Gen th Mainboard s khng kh i ng, khi b t cng t c qu t ngu n c quay nh ng my khng kh i ng, khng c m thanh bo s c , khng ln mn hnh.

Ph ng php ki m tra xung Clock - Dng Card Test Main, g n vo khe PCI, c p ngu n cho Mainboard v b t cng t c, quan st tr ng thi c a n CLK(Khi ki m tra xung Clock, trn cc Mainboard Pen3 b n khng c n g n CPU, trn cc Main Pen4 b n c n ph i g n CPU) L u : Tr c khi g n CPU vo Main, b n c n ki m tra i n p VCORE phng m ch VRM h ng ra i n p tng cao lm h ng CPU c a b n.

* (B n m ngu n b ng cch dng t vt ho c panh, ch p hai chn PW trn cc r c c m ra cng t c pha tr c my l i)

2.1 - Tr ng h p ki m tra th y m ch xung Clock t t nh sau

Khi b t ngu n m n CLK trn Card Test Main sng ln (sng duy tr) th cho ta bi t cc thng tin nh sau:- B n thn m ch Clock Gen trn Mainboard ho t ng t t - Ngu n ATX v m ch n p VRM c p cho CPU th ng l ho t ng t t

2.2 - Tr ng h p ki m tra th y m t xung Clock nh sau

Tr ng h p ki m tra b ng Card Test Main th y n CLK khng sng th thng th ng l do m ch Clock Gen b h ng - Do bong m i hn chn IC- Do h ng th ch anh dao ng 14,3MHz - Do h ng IC - Clock Gen

2.3 - Tr ng h p ki m tra th y n CLK sng m t lc (kho ng 10 giy) r i t t

Tr ng h p ny th ng do m t trong cc nguyn nhn sau: - Ngu n ATX b l i => M t i n p P.G - M ch VRM ( n p cho CPU) khng ho t ng ho c ra i n p sai => M t tn hi u VRM_GD- M ch n p cho RAM c v n (ch m t s Main m i nh h ng n xung Clock) - M ch n p cho Chipset c v n (ch m t s Main m i nh h ng n xung Clock)

S a ch a b nh m t xung Clock (n CLK khng sng khi ki m tra b ng Card Test Main)

Nguyn nhn:Hi n t ng ny th ng do h ng m ch Clock Gen - Do bong m i hn chn IC

- Do h ng th ch anh 14,3MHz - Do h ng IC t o xung Clock S a ch a: - Xc nh ng v tr m ch Clock Gen ( B n hy tm trn Mainboard m t IC (th ng l IC c hai hng chn) v bn c nh c th ch anh 14.3MHz => chnh l IC t o xung Clock, IC v th ch anh t o nn m ch Clock Gen )

- V sinh s ch s khu v c quanh IC - Dng my hn kh, kh l i chn IC t o xung Clock

- Thay th th ch anh 14.3MHz - N u khng c b n hy thay IC t o xung Clock Sau m i m t thao tc b n c n th l i, n u c n CLK trn Card Test Main sng ln l b n

s a xong

S a ch a b nh m t xung Clock (n CLK sng m t lc r i t t khi ki m tra b ng Card Test Main)

Nguyn nhn:Hi n t ng ny th ng do - Ngu n ATX c s c lm m t xung P.G - M ch VRM c s c lm m t i n p VRM_GD ho c b n ch a g n CPU vo Mainboard. - H ng th ch anh 14,3MHz trn m ch dao ng - Bong chn IC t o xung Clock

S a ch a: - Thay th ngu n ATX t t - G n CPU vo Mainboard r i ki m tra l i - Ki m tra m ch VRM v i n p VCORE c p cho CPU - Thay th ch anh 14,3 MHz- Kh l i chn IC t o xung Clock

Tm hi u v Mainboad - M ch Clock Gen trn Mainboard MSI Ta c n ki m tra xung Clock u tin, n u c xung Clock ta m i ki m tra ti p cc nguyn nhn sau .

Ki n th c v Mainboard

1 M ch t o xung Clock trn Mainboard MSI MS-6507

V tr c a m ch Clock Gen trn Mainboard MSI - MS 6507 B n a tr chu t vo xem ch thch trn main

M ch Clock Gen trn Mainboard

S nguyn l c a m ch Clock Gen

S nguyn l c a m ch Clock Gen trn Mainboard MSI MS-6507

Xung Clock c p cho CPU

Xung Clock c p cho Chipset b c

Xung Clock c p cho Chipset nam

Xung Clock c p cho ROM BIOS

Xung Clock c p cho IC - SIO

Xung Clock c p cho Card Video trn khe AGP

Xung Clock c p cho cc khe PCI

2 - H h ng c a m ch t o xung Clock v ph ng php ki m tra s a ch a

Hi n t ng - B t cng t c ngu n trn My tnh, qu t ngu n v n quay, my khng kh i ng, khng c m thanh bo s c pht ra t loa trong, khng ln mn hnh. Nguyn nhn: Hi n t ng trn c th do m t trong nh ng nguyn nhn sau: - H ng m ch Clock Gen => m t xung Clock c p cho cc thnh ph n trn Main - H ng m ch VRM lm m t ngu n c p cho CPU

- H ng m ch c p ngu n cho Chipset - H ng Chipset nam v khng a ra tn hi u Reset h th ng - Chn Socket CPU khng ti p xc- H ng ROM ho c l i ch ng trnh BIOS

Th t ki m tra: V i hi n t ng trn ta c n ki m tra xung Clock u tin, n u c xung Clock ta m i ki m tra ti p cc nguyn nhn sau .

Ph ng php ki m tra: - Chu n b Main (ch a g n CPU v RAM) - C p ngu n cho Mainboard qua dy 20 s i v dy 4 s i - G n Card Test Main vo khe PCI- Dng t vt ch p chn cng t c PW trn Main m ngu n - Quan st n CLK=> N u n CLK sng l c xung Clock=> N u n CLK t t l m t xung Clock hay h ng m ch Clock Gen

Ki m tra th y n CLK v n sng => M ch Clock Gen t t

Ki m tra th y n CLK t t => M ch Clock Gen b h ng

Ph ng php s a ch a - V sinh s ch xung quanh IC - Clock Gen

- Dng m hn kh, kh l i chn IC - Thay th th ch anh 14.3MHz - Thay IC t o xung Clock=> Sau m i thao tc b n hy th l i ki m tra k t qu

Tm hi u v Mainboad - Phn tch s m ch qu n l ngu n trn Mainboard M ch i u khi n ngu n trn Mainboard c ch c nng i u khi n qu trnh t t m ngu n, n nh cc i n p c p cho CPU, Chipset, b nh RAM, Card Video v cc linh ki n khc.

M ch i u khi n ngu n trn Mainboard

1. Cc thnh ph n c a m ch. M ch i u khi n ngu n trn Mainboard c ch c nng i u khi n qu trnh t t m ngu n, n nh cc i n p c p cho CPU, Chipset, b nh RAM, Card Video v cc linh ki n khc.

- Cc ch ta c n tm hi u bao g m: - Cc i n p c a ngu n ATX - M ch n p VRM c p ngu n cho CPU- Mach n p ngu n cho Chipset - M ch n p ngu n cho RAM

2. Cc i n p c a ngu n.

Ngu n ATX c hai ph n l ngu n c p tr c ( Stanby) v ngu n chnh ( Main Power)- Khi ta c m i n AC 220V cho b ngu n, ngu n Stanby ho t ng ngay v cung c p xu ng Mainboard i n p5V STB, i n p ny s cung c p cho m ch kh i ng ngu n trn Chipset nam v IC-SIO (ngu n chnh ch a ho t ng khi ta ch a b m cng t c) - Khi ta b m cng t c => tc ng vo m ch kh i ng trong Chipset nam => Chipset a ra l nh P.ON => cho i qua IC- SIO r i a ra chn P.ON c a r c c m ln ngu n ATX (chn P.ON l chn c dy m u xanh l cy), khi c l nh P.ON (= 0V) => ngu n chnh Main Power s ho t ng. - Khi ngu n chnh ho t ng => cung c p xu ng Mainboard cc i n p 3,3V (qua cc dy m u cam), 5V (qua cc dy m u ), 12V (qua cc dy m u vng), -5V qua dy m u tr ng v -12V qua dy m u xanh l .