Tim Hieu Excel 2007

GIO TRNH

2009

Tm hiu Microsoft Office 2007

Tm hiu Microsoft Excel 2007

L VN HIU

V I T N A M

http://nguyensonbkpro.blogtiengviet.net

Tm hiu Microsoft Office 2007- Tp 2: Tm hiu Microsoft Excel 2007

Bin Son: [email protected] 2

MC LC

PHN I: LM QUEN VI EXCEL 2007 ..................................................................... 6

1. Lm quen nhanh vi Excel 2007............................................................................. 6

a. Nhng thut ng cn nh ..................................................................................... 6

b. Ribbon cng c mi ca Excel 2007 ................................................................... 6

c. Chun XML ......................................................................................................... 7

2. Tm hiu Excel 2007: To mt workbook u tin ................................................ 7

a. M mt workbook c sn .................................................................................... 7

b. Lu workbook ...................................................................................................... 8

c. ng workbook .................................................................................................... 9

d. Sp xp workbook ............................................................................................... 9

e. Th thut c bn vi worksheet ........................................................................... 9

3. Tm hiu Excel 2007: Cch nhp cng thc ......................................................... 11

a. Tm hiu v cng thc Excel 2007 .................................................................... 11

b. Bt u vi du bng (=) ................................................................................... 12

c. Tm hiu v cng thc tng gi tr trong mt ct (SUM) .................................. 12

d. Nn copy mt cng thc thay v to ra mt cng thc mi .............................. 13

e. Tm hiu v cell () ............................................................................................ 14

f. Cp nht kt qu cng thc ................................................................................ 14

g. S dng cng thc Sum cho mt vi gi tr trong ct ....................................... 15

h. S dng cng thc n gin khc trong Excel 2007 ......................................... 15

i. Tm gi tr trung bnh .......................................................................................... 15

j. Tm gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht ...................................................................... 16

k. In cc cng thc d ghi nh .......................................................................... 16

l. Du hiu l xut hin trn bng tnh ................................................................... 17

m. Tm nhiu cng thc khc ................................................................................ 18

4. Cch dng hm trong Excel 2007 xc nh thng tin ngy ............................. 18

a. Bi hc th nht: Ngy lin quan n Excel nh th no? ................................ 18

b. Bi hc th hai: Tnh ton ngy thng bng cch s dng cng thc ............... 20

PHN II: CCH TO BIU ................................................................................ 24




1. Lm th no to mt biu trong Excel 2007 ............................................... 24

a. To biu trong Excel 2007 ............................................................................ 24

b. Cch to biu ................................................................................................ 24

c. Lm th no d liu worksheet xut hin trong biu ............................... 25

d. Tm hiu v Chart Tools .................................................................................... 26

e. Thay i biu ................................................................................................ 26

f. Thm tiu cho biu ................................................................................... 27

PHN III: CCH TO BO CO VI PIVOTABLE ............................................. 28

1. PivotTable I: Lm quen vi PivotTable reports trong Excel 2007 ....................... 28

a. Ly d liu lm vic ...................................................................................... 28

b. Xem li d liu ngun ....................................................................................... 28

c. To hp thoi PivotTable ................................................................................... 29

d. C bn v PivotTable Report ............................................................................. 30

2. PivotTable II: Lc cc d liu trong mt PivotTable ca Excel 2007 .................. 30

a. Ch xem d liu m bn mun xem trong bo co PivotTable .......................... 30

b. Lc xem ra mt trong nhiu sn phm.......................................................... 31

c. Gii hn b lc cho mt sn phm .................................................................... 31

d. Tm loi sn phm c doanh thu cao ................................................................. 32

e. Lc thng tin theo thi gian ............................................................................... 32

f. Hy b b lc ..................................................................................................... 32

g. Hy b mt filter trong bo co PivotTable ...................................................... 33

3. PivotTable III: Tnh ton d liu trong nhng bo co PivotTable ca Excel 2007

................................................................................................................................... 34

a. Lm vic vi s .................................................................................................. 34

b. Tm tt d liu mt cch khc........................................................................... 34

c. Thc hin mt php tnh % ................................................................................ 35

d. Nhn vin no nhn tin thng? ...................................................................... 35

PHN IV: CHIA S THNG TIN .............................................................................. 36

1. Chia s d liu ca Excel vi nhng ng dng khc bng cch xut bn ln

SharePoint ................................................................................................................. 36

a. Chia s d liu Excel ln SharePoint ................................................................. 36

b. Ly a ch website cho trang SharePoint.......................................................... 36




c. Xut bng biu n SharePoint: phn I .............................................................. 37

d. Xut bng biu n SharePoint: phn II ............................................................ 37

e. Xem danh sch mi ca bn trn trang web SharePoint ................................... 38

f. Cho mi ngi bit danh sch u .................................................................. 38

g. Duyt li danh sch SharePoint ......................................................................... 39

h. Cp nht d liu bng biu Excel ...................................................................... 39

2. Excel Services I: Phn cn bn ............................................................................. 40

a. Lu Workbook n trang web SharePoint ca bn ........................................... 40

b. Tm hiu v Excel Services ............................................................................... 40

3. Excel Services II: Yu cu, ngh v phn quyn .............................................. 41

a. Lm th no ngn ngi khc chnh sa ....................................................... 41

b. S khc nhau gia s dng workbook trong Excel v Excel Services ............. 42

c. Nhng g bn cn cho Excel Services ................................................................ 43

d. Phn mm yu cu cho Excel Services .............................................................. 44

e. Nhng th vin ti liu v Excel Services ......................................................... 44

f. Thit lp th vin ti liu cho Excel Services .................................................... 45

2. Excel Services I: Phn cn bn (box) ................................................................... 46

a. Lu Workbook n trang web SharePoint ca bn ........................................... 46

b. Tm hiu v Excel Services ............................................................................... 46

4. Excel Services III: Kim sot nhng g bn chia s ............................................. 47

a. Gii thiu v vic phn quyn vi Excel Services ............................................ 47

b. Tc ng ca vic phn quyn ........................................................................... 48

c. Lm th no thm ngi cho nhm Viewers ................................................ 48

d. Gi d liu ring t trong Excel Services ......................................................... 49

5. Excel Services IV: Cho php nhp thng tin ........................................................ 49

a. Bc 1: Kim tra tn cell ................................................................................... 50

b. Bc 2: t tn cell cho Excel Services ............................................................ 50

c. Bc 3: Cho php d liu c truy cp trong Excel Services ......................... 51

d. Bc 4: Nhp nhng gi tr trong Excel Services ............................................. 51

PHN V: CC K NNG OFFICE C BN ........................................................... 52

1. Lm quen nhanh vi h thng Office 2007 .......................................................... 52




a. Ribbon ................................................................................................................ 52

b. Nhiu ty chn cn thit khc ........................................................................... 53

c. To thanh cng c cho ring bn ....................................................................... 54

d. Chun XML ....................................................................................................... 54

e. H thng phm tt trong Office 2007 ................................................................. 54

2. An ton thng tin ................................................................................................... 55

a. Cc e da an ninh ............................................................................................. 56

b. Ngun ly nhim ................................................................................................ 57

c. Microsoft Update mt cch hn ch ri ro .................................................... 57

d. Phn mm chng Virus ...................................................................................... 58

e. Mt s thit lp an ninh khc ............................................................................. 59

f. An ton cho email ............................................................................................... 59




PHN I: LM QUEN VI EXCEL 2007

1. Lm quen nhanh vi Excel 2007

Tm hiu giao din mi v cch hon thnh cc tc v hng ngy trn Excel 2007,

mt cht khi nim v chun nh dng XML.

a. Nhng thut ng cn nh

Workbook: y l mt tp tin lm vic nh: tnh ton, v th, v lu tr d liu. Mt workbook c th cha nhiu sheet, do vy c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin. Mi workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet, ty thuc vo b nh my tnh.

Worksheet: C khi c gi l sheet hay bng tnh, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu. Mt worksheet c nhiu v cc c cha cc ct v dng. Worksheet c lu trong workbook.

Trong Excel 2007, mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng, thay v 256 ct v 65,536 dng ca phin bn c.

Chart sheet: Thc cht l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. V vy, nu ch mun xem tng th ring l th chart sheet l la chn ti u.

Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc th t gc tri di ca ca s

workbook. Bn c th di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc bng thao tc n gin

l nhp chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab.

b. Ribbon cng c mi ca Excel 2007

Ribbon - trung tm kim sot mi ca bn




Khi ln u tin s dng Excel 2007, giao din ca n c th lm cho bn chong

ngp bi s thay i khc hn so vi cc phin bn trc. Thay cho cc thanh trnh

n (menu) truyn thng l cc cm lnh c trnh by ngay pha trn mn hnh,

gip ngi dng s dng thun tin hn, chnh l Ribbon. B cng c Ribbon

gm: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer,

Add-Ins. Nhng th bn cn by gi rt trc quan, d nhn, r rng v d s dng

hn. Ribbon thc s l mt trung tm h tr cng vic tuyt vi. Vi Excel 2007, cc

lnh c tp hp li theo nhm chc nng, khi cn l c ngay.

Hnh minh ha cc Ribbon

c. Chun XML

Excel 2007 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l XLSX da trn chun XML

(eXtensible Markup Language) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l XLS. Chun

ny gip cho cc ti liu an ton hn, dung lng ti liu nh hn v tch hp su vi

cc h thng thng tin v cc ngun d liu bn ngoi. Nh vy, cc ti liu c

qun l, phn tch v chia s d dng, hiu qu hn bao gi ht.

2. Tm hiu Excel 2007: To mt workbook u tin

Lm th no to mt workbook, nhp v chnh sa vn bn v s liu, thm dng, ct

a. M mt workbook c sn




WorkBook v Worksheet

Bn c th m mt tp tin sn c bng nhng cch khc nhau:

Cch th nht: Bm chut vo nt Office, chn Open. Trong hp thoi Open, ch ng dn n ni lu tr tp tin v chn tn tp tin cn m ri nhn nt Open (hay nhn ENTER trn bn phm hoc bm i phm tri chut) m tp tin.

Cch th hai: Ch c tc dng i vi nhng tp tin tng c lm vic vi phn mm Excel trn my tnh ca bn. Bm chn tn tp tin trong danh sch ti liu c m trong thi gian gn nht (Recent Documents) trn nt Office m tp tin. Excel 2007 mc nh lu li ti a 50 tn file s dng gn nht.

Cch th ba: Tm n tp bng trnh qun l tp tin, Windows Explorer, nhp i

chut ln tp tin m.

b. Lu workbook

Sau khi lm vic vi tp tin, iu ct t l phi lu li nhng chnh sa, thay i, nu

khng, cng sc ca bn xem nh b bin. Excel 2007 cung cp mt c ch sao lu t

ng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh (mt nh l 10 pht/ln). Nhng bn c

th ty chnh rt ngn khong thi gian gia cc ln sao lu li phng trng

hp my tch b trc trc bt ng hay b cp in. Cch ty chnh rt n gin: Bm

vo nt Office, chn Excel options, chn Save, bn ch cn nh du vo tu chn

Save AutoRecover Information Every ri chnh li thi gian sao lu t ng theo

mun.




Ty chnh sao lu t ng trong Excel 2007

Trn y l ch lu t ng, tuy nhin c lc bn cn phi thc hin sao lu th cng. Sau y l vi cch lu workbook:

Chn nt c hnh chic a mm trn thanh Quick Access Tollbar gc trn cng

bn tri mn hnh m nhanh chc nng Office Save tin hnh sao lu ti liu. Bn cng c th s dng t hp phm Ctrl+S hay Shift+F12 thc hin cng vic quan trng ny.

Nu mun to bn sao gi tp tin gc, bn chn chc nng Save As v t tn

khc, cng nh chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type, chn ni cha cho tp tin (bn sao)

bn va to ra. Cui cng nhn nt Save lu tr.

c. ng workbook

Sau khi lm vic v sao lu xong, bn phi ng workbook. y l nhng cch ng

ph bin: Chn nt Office, sau chn Close; bm vo nt c k hiu " X " gc

trn bn phi mn hnh, dng t hp phm Ctrl+F4 hoc Ctrl+W.

d. Sp xp workbook

Excel 2007 cung cp cho bn kh nng sp xp li cc workbook c m cng lc. Nh vy, vic tham kho qua li gia cc cc workbook thun tin hn. sp xp, bn bm chut vo nhm lnh View, chn Arrange All, tip theo chn cho mnh mt kiu b tr thch hp nht.

e. Th thut c bn vi worksheet

Chn v xa ct (cell), (column) , dng (row): Bn c th chn thm cc ct, dng, vo vng lm vic ca worksheet.




Cc c chn ty vo c v tr: bn tri, bn trn hin hnh. Cc ang c chn cng c th dch chuyn c qua phi hoc xung di hin hnh. Excel 2007 cho php thc hin vic chn thm cc dng ln bn trn, cc ct vo bn tri hin hnh. ng thi, bn c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct khng ph hp.

Cc cha d liu

Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook: lm vic ny, bn ch cn lm theo mt trong cc cch sau: Dng t hp phm Shift+F11 chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh; chn tab Home, trong nhm Cells - Insert - Insert sheet; nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK trong hp thoi Insert, s c ngay mt Sheet mi c chn vo.

Xa worksheet: Mun xa work sheet, bn chn Sheet mun xa ri chn nhm Home - chn nhm Cells - chn Delete - chn Delete sheet. Cch nhanh hn l nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, bm OK xc nhn xa.

i tn mt worksheet: Vic ny rt n gin, ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, k n nhp vo tn mi v cui cng nhn phm ENTER.

Lu : Excel 2007 khng cho php dng cc k hiu, k t c bit t tn (nh: / \ ? *: ) t tn cho sheet.

Sp xp cc worksheet: i vi vic di chuyn mt s sheet, cch nhanh nht l dng chc nng ko th ca Excel. Ngi dng c th bm v gi phm tri chut ln tn sheet ri ko n v tr mi th xung.

Khi phi di chuyn hay copy nhiu sheet, th bm phm phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp, chn Move or Copy. Lc s xut hin hp thoi Move or Copy. Ch cn bm chn tn sheet, sau bm OK di chuyn.




Sao chp: Nhp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copy chn v tr t bn sao trong vng Before sheet, chn Creat a copy, nhn OK hon thnh.

Mun cng lc sao chp nhiu sheet, nhn gi phm Ctrl, dng chut chn tn sheet cn sao chp, gi tri chut ko n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab ri th chut. Lu : cn chn nhiu sheet bng lnh Ctrl + nhp chut trc khi thc hin lnh ny.

Trng hp bn mun chp cc sheet sang mt workbook khc th m workbook ngun, chn lnh Move or Copy, chn tn workbook ch trong To book.

Ngoi nhng th thut trn, bn c th t mu cho sheet tab d qun l thanh sheet tab hn. Ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet m bn mun t mu ri chn Tab Color v chn mu thch hp t.

Bn cng c th lm n hoc hin worksheet bng cch nhp phm phi chut ln tn

sheet, sau chn Hide giu n i. Khi cn lm vic tr li vi sheet ny, bn nhp

phm phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab, chn Unhide, tip theo chn tn sheet v nhn

nt OK cho n hin th trn mn hnh.

3. Tm hiu Excel 2007: Cch nhp cng thc

Lm th no chn nhng cng thc n gin vo bng tnh v t ng cp nht kt qu.

a. Tm hiu v cng thc Excel 2007

V d hnh trn bn ang nhn vo ngn sch chi tiu gia nh cho phn Entertainment v worksheet C6 cn trng (chi tiu cho a CD thng 2) vn cha c nhp. Trong phn ny bn s c hng dn s dng Excel lm nhng bi ton cn bn bng nhng cng thc n gin.




b. Bt u vi du bng (=)

1. Nhp cng thc trong C6. 2. Nhn nt ENTER xem kt qu. 3. Khi no bn click vo C6, cng thc s xut hin trn thanh cng thc (formula bar).

Hai a CD c mua trong thng Hai tr gi l $12.99 v $16.99. Vy tng gi tr chi tiu cho a CD trong thng hai l hai a CD. Bn c th cng nhng gi tr ny trong Excel bng cch nhp cng thc vo C6.

Nhng cng thc ca Excel lun bt u t du (=). Nh vy cng thc ca C6 l: =12.99+16.99

Du cng (+) l mt thut ton Excel cng thm gi tr. Nu bn t hi lm th no c c kt qu ny th cng thc s hin r hn thanh cng thc

khi bn click vo C6.

Bn cng nn bit cc thut ton ca Excel bao gm du cng (+) du tr (-), du

nhn (*) v du chia (\).

c. Tm hiu v cng thc tng gi tr trong mt ct (SUM)




c kt qu chi tiu trong thng 1, click vo B7 v sau thc hin cc bc sau:

1. Trn tab Home, click nt Sum trong nhm Editing.

2. Cng thc s xut hin trng B7. 3. Nhn ENTER c kt qu trong B7. 4. Click vo B7 hin th cng thc trn thanh cng thc.

Bn c th cng chi tiu trong thng Ging trong B7 bng cch nhn lnh Sum

trong nhm Editing, trn tab Home, n s t ng cng gi tr ca mt ct. Cch lm

ny lm cho ngi dng tn thi gian, thay v phi nhp cng thc. Khi nhn

ENTER kt qu hin ra trong B7 l 95.94. Cng thc l =SUM(B3:B6) xut hin

trn thanh cng thc khi bn click vo B7.

d. Nn copy mt cng thc thay v to ra mt cng thc mi

1. Dng chut ko phn di ca cng thc n mt cng s dng cng mt cng thc, sau th chut ra. 2. Nt Auto Fill Options xut hin v kt qu cng hin ra

Trong mt vi trng hp th vic copy cng thc d thc hin hn vic to ra mt cng thc mi. Trong v d trn bn c xem qua vic copy cng thc tng cng chi tiu trong thng 1 ng dng tng cng chi tiu cho thng 2.

lm iu ny u tin chn cng thc B7, sau dng chut tr vo gc bn di bn phi ca B7 n khi con tr tr thnh du thp mu en (+). K tip ko

phn fill handle sang C7. Khi phn fill handle c th ra, th tng gi tr C7 xut hin vi gi tr 126.93. Cng thc xut hin trn thanh cng thc l =SUM(C3:C6), khi bn click vo C7.




Sau khi copy cng thc nt Auto Fill Options xut hin bn c thm chn la

format, nhng trong trng hp trn bn khng cn s dng chng. Nt s bin mt khi bn click vo mt khc.

e. Tm hiu v cell ()

kham kho Gi tr kham kho

A10 trong ct A v dng th 10

A10, A20 A10 v A20

A10:A20 Bao gm cc trong ct A t dng th 10 n dng th 20

B15:E15 Bao gm cc t dng 15 t ct B n ct E

A10:E20 Bao gm cc trong ct A n ct E t dng th 10 n dng th 20

Vic xc nh cc dng vo vic ng dng cng thc. Excel thng s dng cch s dng ngn ngn nh A1 xc nh ct bng k t v dng l nhng con s.

f. Cp nht kt qu cng thc

Gi s rng gi tr 11.97 trong C4 b sai, v n phi c cng thm 3.99 mi chnh

xc do vy bn nn chn C4 v nhp cng thc "=11.97+3.99" cho ny sau

nhn ENTER:

Trn hnh trn cho thy gi tr ca C4 thay i v d nhin Excel cng t ng cp nht tng gi tr chi tiu trong C7 thnh 130.92 t 126.93. Excel c th cp nht c v cng thc ca n trong C7 l "=SUM(C3:C6)". Nu bn khng s dng cng thc cho C7, th gi tr s khng c cp nht. Bn cng c th sa i hoc

nhp cng thc trc tip trn thanh cng thc thay v nhp vo cc .




g. S dng cng thc Sum cho mt vi gi tr trong ct

1. Trong C9, nhp du bng (=), nhp SUM v sau m du ngoc n (. 2. Nhn vo C4 v sau g dy phy (,) trong C9. 3. Nhn vo C6 v sau ng du ngoc n ) trong C9. 4. Nhn ENTER hin th kt qu.

Trong v d trn cho thy hm SUM cng c th p dng cho mt vi gi tr trong ct bng cch chn mt vi gi tr c lin quan.

h. S dng cng thc n gin khc trong Excel 2007

Cng thc Tnh nng

AVERAGE Tnh trung bnh

MAX Gi tr ln nht

MIN Gi tr nh nht

Hm SUM ch l mt trong cc tnh nng ca Excel, ngoi ra n cn c cc cng thc khc nh AVERAGE, MAX, MIN h tr bn thc hin cc cng thc c kt qu ngay. Nu bn t tnh ton, th tht s kh khn ra kt qu chnh xc.

i. Tm gi tr trung bnh




tm gi tr trung bnh ca hai thng, click vo C7 v sau :

1. Trn tab Home, trong nhm Editing, chn mi tn ca nt Sum v sau chn Average.

2. Nhn ENTER hin th kt qu trong D7.

Bn cng c th nhp cng thc trc tip trn D7 =AVERAGE(B7:C7), kt qu s ra tng t.

j. Tm gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht

tm gi tr ln nht trong mt phm vi, click F7 v sau :

Trn tab Home, trong nhm Editing, chn mi tn trn nt Sum v sau chn Max.

1. Nhn Enter hin th kt qu trong F7.

2. Cng thc MAX tm ra gi tr ln nht trong mt dy s v chc nng MIN tm ra

gi tr nh nht. Vi v d trn cng thc l MAX(F3:F6) v gi tr ln nht l

131.95.

tm gi tr nh nht trong v d trn, click vo Min sau ENTER, kt qu s hin ra. Trong trng hp ny cng thc l =MIN(F3:F6) v kt qu l 131.75.

k. In cc cng thc d ghi nh




Bn c th in cc cng thc v t chng trn bng hoc bn lm vic nhc nh bn to ra cng thc ny nh th no. in cc cng thc bn cn th hin cng thc trn bng tnh (worksheet), lm iu ny bng cch nhn tab Formulas v trong nhm

Formula Auditing chn Show Formulas . By gi ch vic click nt Microsoft

Office v in n.

Nu bn mun n cng thc th cng lp li cch bn lm cho n hin ln bng tnh. Hoc bn c th dng phm tt CTRL+` (phm ` hu ht u c trn bn phm) hin hoc n cng thc trn bng tnh.

l. Du hiu l xut hin trn bng tnh

Mt khi du ##### xut hin trn bang tnh th n cho bit do b li hoc ct qu hp hin th kt qu ca n.

Thnh thong Excel khng th tnh ton kt qu v cng thc b li. Sau y l 3 li thng gp nht:

##### Ct khng rng hin th kt qu trong , nn ko chiu rng cho .




#REF! Mt gi tr khng hp l. Cc b xa hoc b dn gi tr khc ln.

#NAME? Tn cng thc b sai v Excel khng hiu cng thc . Khi bn click vo #NAME? th n s hin ra nt bn c th sa sai.

m. Tm nhiu cng thc khc

Click vo nt Sum trong nhm Editing, trn tab Home v sau chn More

Functions m hp thoi Insert Function. Excel cung cp nhiu tnh nng hu ch

nh tnh nng ngy gi. Trong hp thoi Insert Function, chn Help on this

function tm hiu cc tnh nng khc.

4. Cch dng hm trong Excel 2007 xc nh thng tin ngy

a. Bi hc th nht: Ngy lin quan n Excel nh th no?




C mt s khc bit gia ngy c ngha g vi bn v ngy c ngha nh th no i vi Excel. Vi bn 8/22/2010 l thng, ngy v nm, cn vi Excel, 8/22/2010 l mt dy s 40412. Chnh v vy bn cn phi hiu cch nhp ngy thng nh th no Excel c th hiu c, chuyn ny s gip bn tit kim thi gian.

Calendar (Lch) ca Excel bt u t nm 1900

Thnh thong Excel khng th tnh ton kt qu v cng thc b li. Sau y l 3 li thng gp nht:

Ngy thng lu tr trong Excel l mt dy s bt u bng 1 i din cho ngy 1

thng 1 nm 1900, chnh l ngy lch ca Excel bt u. V mi ngy Excel cng

thm mt con s. Chng hn nh ngy 2 thng 1 nm 1900 tng ng vi s 2.

iu ny c ngha l khi bn nhp 8/22/2010, th Excel lu tr l 40412 hoc 40411

ngy k t ngy 1 thng 1 nm 1900.

Excel nhn din ngy thng nh th no?

1. Chn Date trong Category. 2. Chn cch th hin ngy thng trong Type.




Khi nhp 8/22/2010, 22-Aug-2010, hoc August 22, 2010, Excel s lu tr dy s 40412. Ch trong trng hp bn chn format m Excel khng nhn ra ngy nh August-22,2010 hoc 8,22,10, Excel s lu tr di dng text, ch khng phi lu tr di dng dy s.

b. Bi hc th hai: Tnh ton ngy thng bng cch s dng cng thc

Hm Tm kim

NETWORKDAYS S lng ngy lm vic gia hai thi im

WORKDAY Tm thi im sau mt s ngy lm vic v xc nh thi gian bt u

DATE Tm mt thi im sau mt s thng

TODAY Tm thi im sau mt s nm, mt s thng v mt s ngy

thc hin php tnh s hc trong Excel, cn thit phi s dng cng thc. Trong phn ny bn s c hng dn nhng cng thc n gin tnh ton s ngy gia hai thi im v bn cng s hiu ti sao n rt quan trng trong vic nhp ngy thng m Excel c th hiu c. Bn cng s c hng dn tm hiu nhng cng thc gii nhng thut ton nh tm hiu bn sng c bao nhiu ngy.

Cch tm ra s ngy gia hai thi im

1. Cng thc trong bng tnh. 2. Kt qu ca cng thc. 3. Cng thc trong thanh Fomular.

V d rng hm nay l ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2010 v k ngh ca bn bt u t ngy 21 thng 8 nm 2010 v bn mun tm hiu cn bao nhiu ngy na n k ngh. tnh ton iu ny bn nhp cng thc nh sau: =A3-A2. Kt qu l 73 ngy gia hai thi im. Excel hiu c gi tr ca A2 v A3. Trong A2 c gi tr l 40411 (6/9/2010) v A3 c gi tr l 40338. Ly A3 tr A2 th bng 73.




Ch rng du bng (=) trong Excel c ngha l cng thc, du tr (-) c ngha l tr i mt gi tr v A3, A2 l nhng c gi tr lin quan.

Cch tnh ngy lm vic gia hai thi im


Tnh ngy lm vic (Th Hai n th Su) gia hai thi im khng th thc hin

bng php tnh n gin, m n cn c mt cng thc tnh l NETWORKDAYS.

Ly li v d hm nay l ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2010 v k ngh ca bn bt u t ngy

21 thng 8 nm 2010 v bn mun tm hiu cn bao nhiu ngy lm vic na mi n

k ngh. Bn c th nhp cng thc =NETWORKDAYS(A2,A3). Kt qu ra l cn

53 ngy lm vic na mi n k ngh h.

Tm kim ngy sau mt s ngy lm vic

1. Cng thc trong bng tnh.




2. Kt qu ca cng thc. 3. Cng thc trong thanh Fomular.

Gi s bn cn tm ra mt ngy chng hn nh ngy hon thnh d n sau mt s ngy ml vic (Th Hai n th Su), iu ny tht d dng vi cng thc WORKDAY. Gi s bn c tnh khong 80 ngy lm vic hon thnh v d n bt u t ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2010 (12/31/2010) v bn mun bit ngy kt thc d n. Trc tin bn phi nhp thng tin vo A2 v A3 nh hnh trn, k tip bn nhp thng tin v nhng ngy ngh, mi ngy ngh l mt v sau nhp cng thc =WORKDAY(A2,A3,A4:A6) vo mt trng.

D n s hon thnh trc ngy 22 thng 4 nm 2011 (4/22/2011). Excel cng 80 ngy lm vic ( A3) v t ng tr ngy cui tun cng nh ngy ngh trong khong thi gian A4:A6.

Tm mt thi im sau mt s thng


Chng hn bn c 25 thng hon thnh d n t ngy 9 thng 6 nm 2011 (6/9/2011) v bn cn tm ra ngy kt thc d n. Bn c th s dng DATE, hm ny c ba i s gm nm, thng v ngy.

V d 25 trong B2 v bn nhp cng thc trong A4 =DATE(2011,6+B2,9). 2011l i s nm, 6 cng mt gi tr trong B2 l i s thng v 9 l i s ngy, du phy (,) chia cch cc i s v du ngoc n () dng m v ng cc i s. Kt qu l d n s kt thc vo ngy 9 thng 7 nm 2013 (7/9/2013)

Tm thi im sau mt s nm, mt s thng v mt s ngy





Hy tng tng rng bn c giao mt nm by thng v 15 ngy hon thnh d

n v bn cn tm ngy kt thc d n. Hm DATE ph hp vi yu cu ny, bn hy

nhp cng thc =DATE(2011+B2,6+B3,9+B4) vo A6 nh hnh minh ha trn.

2011 cng mt gi tr trong B2 l i s nm, 6 cng mt gi tr trong B3 l i s

thng, 9 cng mt gi tr trong B4 l i s ngy, du phy (,) chia cch cc i s

v du ngoc n () dng m v ng cc i s. Kt qu d n kt thc vo

ngy 24 thng 1 nm 2013.




PHN II: CCH TO BIU

1. Lm th no to mt biu trong Excel 2007

a. To biu trong Excel 2007

Trong Excel 2007, bn c th to ra mt biu trong 10 giy. Sau khi bn to ra mt biu , bn c th d dng thm cc yu t mi vo n nh tiu hoc thay i cch trnh by ca biu . Vi Excel 2007 bn cng bit cch bin cc con s v text thnh ni dung ca mt biu .

b. Cch to biu

To mt biu bng cch nhp chut vo mt trong cc loi biu nhm Charts, trn tab Insert.

Hnh trn l mt worksheet cho thy tnh hnh kinh doanh ca Cng ty Northwind

Traders Tea theo dng bo co con s v bn c th chuyn sang dng biu d

dng so snh tnh hnh kinh doanh.

1. Chn d liu m bn mun to biu , bao gm cc ct tiu (thng mt, thng hai, thng ba) v tn ca nhn vin bn hng.

2. Sau , click vo tab Insert, v trong nhm Charts, click vo nt Column. Bn c th la chn mt loi biu , nhng biu ct thng c s dng so snh.

3. Sau khi bn click vo Column, bn s thy mt s loi biu ct la chn. Click vo Clustered Column, ct u tin ca biu trong danh sch 2-D Column. Mt ScreenTip hin th tn biu loi khi bn ngng con tr vo bt c biu no. Cc ScreenTip cng s cho bn thy thng tin ca tng loi biu .




Nu bn mun thay i cc loi biu sau khi bn to biu ca bn, nhp chut vo bn trong cc biu . Trn tab Design, di Chart Tools, trong nhm Type, bm vo Change Chart Type v chn mt loi biu khc.

c. Lm th no d liu worksheet xut hin trong biu

Trong biu trn, d liu t mi worksheet cell l mt ct. Hng tiu (tn nhn vin kinh doanh) l nhng biu ghi ch vn bn bn phi, v tiu ct (nhng thng ca nm) di cng ca biu . Trong biu , Cencini (i din bi gia ct cho mi thng) bn c nhiu nht sn phm tr (tea) trong thng mt v thng hai, nhng c b qua mt bi Giussani trong thng ba.

D liu cho mi ngi kinh doanh xut hin trong ba ct ring bit, mt ct cho mi thng. Chiu cao ca mi biu tng ng n cc gi tr trong cell m n i din. Biu hin th cho bn bit lm th no nhng nhn vin kinh doanh so snh vi nhau theo tng thng.

Mi hng d liu ca nhn vin kinh doanh c mt mu khc nhau trong biu . Biu

ghi ch to ra t cc hng tiu trong worksheet (tn nhng nhn vin bn hng),

mu sc m i din cho cc d liu cho mi nhn vin kinh doanh. V d d liu ca

Giussani l mu xanh m v l ct bn tri ca tng mi thng.

Ct tiu t worksheet, thng Ging, thng Hai, v thng Ba, by gi ang di cng ca biu . pha bn tri ca biu , Excel to ra mt t l ca s gip bn gii thch ct chiu cao.

Bt k thay i d liu trong cc worksheet sau khi biu c to ra, ngay lp tc biu cng thay i.




d. Tm hiu v Chart Tools

Khi bn to mt biu , Chart Tools xut hin trn Ribbon, trong bao gm cc tab Design, Layout v tab Format.

Bn nn bit v Chart Tools, trc khi bn tm hiu v biu . Sau khi biu c chn vo worksheet, Chart Tools xut hin, vi ba tab: Design, Layout v Format. Trn nhng tab ny bn s tm thy nhng lnh cn thit lm vic vi biu .

Khi bn hon thnh cc biu , nhp chut bn ngoi biu . Chart Tools s bin mt, n xut hin tr li, th click vo biu .

e. Thay i biu

Bn c th to biu ca bn so snh d liu ca ngi khc bng cch nhp chut vo mt nt chuyn biu xem t loi ny sang loi khc. to biu , click vo Switch Row/Column trong nhm Data trn tab Design. Trong biu bn phi,




d liu c nhm theo cc hng v so worksheet ct. Bn c th chuyn biu tr li xem bn gc bng cch click vo Switch Row/Column ln na.

gi c hai ln xem, chn biu view th hai, copy n v sau paste n trn worksheet khc. Sau , chuyn v xem bn gc ca cc biu bng cch click vo trong biu ban u v click vo Switch Row/Column.

f. Thm tiu cho biu

Bn c th cung cp mt tiu cho chnh biu chnh cng nh biu trc o v m t d liu biu . iu ny c hai biu trc. Mt pha bn tri l trc chiu dc (cn gi l gi tr hoc trc y). Trc ny l t l ca cc s m bn c th gii thch ct chiu cao. Nhng thng ca nm di cng l trn trc ngang (cng c bit n nh l cc th loi hoc trc x).

Tiu biu m t thng tin v biu ca bn

thm tiu biu mt cch nhanh chng bng cch click chut vo biu , sau

n nhm Chart Layouts trn tab Design, click vo nt More xem tt c cc layout (trnh by). Mi s la chn hin th mi layout khc nhau c th lm thay i nhng yu t ca biu . Trong biu trn:

1. Tiu cho biu ny l Northwind Traders Tea, tn ca mt sn phm. 2. Tiu cho cc trc dc bn tri l Cases Sold. 3. Tiu cho cc trc ngang di cng l First Quarter Sales.

Mt cch khc nhp tiu l trn tab Layout, trong nhm Labels, bn c th

thm tiu bng cch click chut vo Chart Titles v Axis Titles.




PHN III: CCH TO BO CO VI PIVOTABLE

1. PivotTable I: Lm quen vi PivotTable reports trong Excel 2007

Lm th no t to ra mt bo co dng PivotTable

a. Ly d liu lm vic

Hy tng tng mt worksheet Excel ca nhng con s doanh thu vi hng trm ngn dng d liu. Nhng worksheet trnh by tt c nhng d liu v nhn vin kinh doanh hai quc gia v h bn bao nhiu hng ha trong ngy, c rt nhiu d liu gii quyt theo tng hng chia thnh nhiu ct khc.

Lm th no bn c th c c thng tin trong worksheet? Lm th no c th hiu v tt c nhng d liu ny? Tnh tng th th ai c bn c nhiu nht? Ai bn nhiu nht theo mi qu hay theo mi nm? Quc gia no c doanh s bn hng cao nht? Bn c th c cu tr li bng cc bo co PivotTable. Mt bo co PivotTable chuyn tt c d liu thnh cc bo co ngn gn cho bn bit chnh xc nhng g bn cn phi bit.

b. Xem li d liu ngun

Trc khi bn bt u lm vic vi mt bo co PivotTable, hy xem li worksheet chc chn rng n c chun b cho bo co. Khi bn to mt bo co PivotTable, mi ct d liu ngun tr thnh mt field m bn c th s dng trong cc bo co. Fields tng kt nhiu hng thng tin t cc d liu ngun.




Tn ca cc field cho cc bo co n t cc tiu ct trong d liu ngun. Hy chc chn rng bn c tn cho mi ct trn dng u ca worksheet trong d liu ngun.

Trong hnh trn, cc tiu ct Country, Salesperson, Order Amount, Order Date v OrderID tr thnh tn cc field. Cc dng cn li pha di tiu nn cha mc tng t trong cng mt ct. V d, phn text nn trong mt ct, ngy thng trong mt ct khc. Ni cch khc, mt ct khng nn c cha s v text. Cui cng, khng nn c ct trng vi d liu bn ang s dng cho cc bo co PivotTable.

c. To hp thoi PivotTable

Khi cc d liu c, t con tr bt c ni no trong phn d liu bao gm tt c cc d liu worksheet trong bo co hoc chn d liu bn mun s dng trong cc bo co, sau trn tab Insert, trong nhm Tables, bm vo PivotTable v sau nhp vo PivotTable ln na, hp thoi Create PivotTable s m ra. Chn Select a table or range, hp Table/Range cho thy phm vi ca cc d liu c chn, chn New Worksheet hoc Existing Worksheet, nu bn khng mun bo co c t trong mt worksheet mi.




d. C bn v PivotTable Report

1. Khu vc layout cho bo co PivotTable. 2. PivotTable Field List.

Hnh trn cho bn nhn thy trong worksheet mi sau khi bn ng hp thoi Create PivotTable. mt pha l khu vc layout c sn sn cho bo co PivotTable v pha bn kia l PivotTable Field List. Danh sch ny hin th cc ct tiu t d liu ngun. Nh cp trn, mi tiu l mt field nh Country, Saleperson, Bn to mt bo co PivotTable bng cch di chuyn bt k field no n khu vc layout cho bo co PivotTable. Bn lm vic ny hoc bng cch chn hp bn cnh tn field, hoc bng cch bm chut phi vo mt tn field v chn mt a im di chuyn field n. Nu bn click bn ngoi khu vc layout (ca mt bo co PivotTable), PivotTable

Field List s bin mt. c PivotTable Field List tr li, nhp chut vo bn trong

khu vc layout bo co PivotTable.

2. PivotTable II: Lc cc d liu trong mt PivotTable ca Excel 2007

Lm th no lc v du nhng d liu c chn trong nhng bo co PivotTable

a. Ch xem d liu m bn mun xem trong bo co PivotTable




Bo co PivotTable trc khi lc

Hy tng tng rng bn m mt bo co PivotTable cho cc sn phm c bn bi Adventure Works, mt cng ty hng th thao.

Bo co tm tt hn 6.000 hng d liu, iu cho bn thy rng d liu c ngha nh th no. V d tng doanh thu hng nm cho mi sn phm trong mt khong thi gian ba nm v cng l mt tng s doanh thu mi cho mi sn phm. By gi bn mun xem chi tit. Adventure Works bn cc sn phm khc nhau, t chai nc ng xe p v vests. Bn ch mun xem doanh s bn xe p thi. Sau , bn mun xem loi xe p no c doanh s cao nht. V sau bn mun xem mt loi xe p bn trong khong mt thi gian nht nh.

Bn to mt bo co PivotTable bng cch di chuyn bt k field no n khu vc layout cho bo co PivotTable. Bn lm vic ny hoc bng cch chn hp bn cnh tn field, hoc bng cch bm chut phi vo mt tn field v chn mt a im di chuyn field n.

Nu bn click bn ngoi khu vc layout (ca mt bo co PivotTable), PivotTable Field List s bin mt. c PivotTable Field List tr li, nhp chut vo bn trong khu vc layout bo co PivotTable.

b. Lc xem ra mt trong nhiu sn phm

By gi bn ch mun xem cc d liu bn hng xe p v cho n tt c cc d liu cn li. lc cc bo co, bm vo mi tn bn cnh Row Labels, chn mc Road bikes (xe p) trong khu vc ca bo co. trong mc Bn bm vo , v xe p c hin th trong khu vc hng ca bo co. Khi bn bm vo mi tn , mt trnh n xut hin vi hp Select field bn chn la v lc thng tin. Trn trnh n ny l mt danh sch cho thy tt c cc hng trong lnh vc m bn chn. Xem cc mc trong danh sch chn ng sn phm cn tm thng tin v sn phm no cn lc. Trong v d ny, mc Product Category bao gm Road Bikes l sn phm bn cn tm thng tin.

lc thng tin bn b mc Select All, sau chn Road Bikes cui cng nhp Ok, bo co PivotTable s cho thy d liu ca phn road bikes. Cc d liu khc s khng thay i, nhng chng khng xut hin.

c. Gii hn b lc cho mt sn phm

By gi bn lc thng tin cho mt sn phm v bn mun thu hp thng tin hn na, do c nhiu loi xe p khc nhau. V d bn chn sn phm xe p Road -350-W, th cch thc hin nh sau: Dng chut chn sn phm Road -350-W trong ct




Road Bikes, sau nhn chut phi v a chut n filter, n s hin ra mt ca s nh v bn chn Keep Selected Items. Cui cng ch c d liu ca Road 350-W hin ra.

d. Tm loi sn phm c doanh thu cao

Gi s bn mun xem loi xe p no c doanh s hn $100.000, bn c th s dng Excel xem thng tin trn, cn cc khng tin khc th tm thi n. thc hin vic

ny click vo mi tn trn biu tng filter nm st bn hp Row Labels, chn Product Name, tip theo ch vo ValueFilters. B lc c d liu v chn nhng dng c nhng ph hp vi yu cu ca bn, chn Greater Than Or Equal To v chn hp thoi Value Filter, nhp 100,000 trong hp rng. Kt qu bao gm 13 trong tng

s 38 loi xe p c doanh thu hn $100,000.

e. Lc thng tin theo thi gian

Gi s bn mun xem xe p bn nh th trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. Bng cch s dng b lc, bn c th xem nhng thng tin trong khong thi gian bn thch v cc thng tin khc tm thi b n.

lc thng tin theo tng nm chng hn bn mun xem d liu trong nm 2011 thi th bm vo mi tn bn cnh Column Labels, sau click vo hp Select All v cui cng chn hp 2011. Excel n cc s liu ca 2009 v 2010, ch cn li s liu nm 2011.

Nu bn mun xem mt thi gian c th th bn hy lm cch sau: chn mi tn bn

cnh Column Labels, sau ch vo Date Filters, click Between, trong hp thoi

Date Filter nhp d liu ngy thng vo chng hn 11/8/2011 v 12/8/2011 trong hai

hp rng, th bo co s hin thng tin t ngy 8 thng 11 nm 2011 n ngy 8 thng

12 nm 2011.

f. Hy b b lc




1. Xa b mt b lc trong bo co PivotTable bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng b lc , v sau nhp vo Clear Filter From "Product Category".

2. Xo b mt b lc trong PivotTable Field List bng cch di chuyn con tr qua

biu tng b lc bn cnh tn field, nhp chut vo mi tr xut hin v sau nhp vo Clear Filter From "Product Category".

Cha kha xa b cc b lc cng mt lc bng cch s dng biu tng b lc, n

xut hin hai a im khc nhau, mt trn bo co PivotTable v mt trong

PivotTable Field List .

g. Hy b mt filter trong bo co PivotTable

loi b mt b lc t mt field xc nh, click vo biu tng bt c ni no field b lc xut hin trong bo co, ngay c trn Row Labels hoc trn Column Labels. Sau click vo Clear Filter From < Field Name >. Hoc la chn cc hp kim tra bn cnh (Select All) lm cho tt c cc d liu trong field nhn thy c.

Nu bn khng xem thy lnh Clear Filter From cho field lc:

Hy chc chn rng bn chn ng khu vc ca bo co xa b lc: hoc l hng hoc l ct.

Phi chn ng tn field trong hp Select field. Bn thy rng hp khi bn nhp chut

vo biu tng b lc, tn field trong hp phi khp vi tn ca field m bn xa b

lc t . Nu cc tn field trong hp khng ng, chn ng field t danh sch xut

hin khi bn bm vo mi tn bn cnh hp.

Hy b mt b lc trong danh sch PivotTable Field

Di chuyn con tr qua cc biu tng b lc bn cnh cc tn field m bn mun xa b b lc t . Click vo mi tn xut hin v sau nhp vo Clear Filter From < Field Name >.

Xa b tt c b lc ngay tc khc

Trn Ribbon, click vo tab Options di PivotTable Tools. Trong nhm Actions,

click vo Clear v sau nhp vo Clear Filters.




3. PivotTable III: Tnh ton d liu trong nhng bo co PivotTable ca

Excel 2007

Lm th no tng hp d liu bng nhng hm khc ngoi hm SUM, nh l COUNT v MAX. Lm th no din t d liu dng phn trm bng cch s dng nhng tnh ton c th. Lm th no t to cc cng thc trong cc bo co PivotTable.

a. Lm vic vi s

D liu bn hng tm tt trong mt bo co PivotTable.

l vn tin thng Contoso, Cng ty phn phi thc phm. Hy tng tng rng bn m ra mt bo co PivotTable c cha d liu v nhn vin kinh doanh ca cng ty. Bo co tm tt ca cng ty ny c khong 800 hng d liu trong Excel. N cho bit doanh s ca mi nhn vin trong tng nm v trong tng qu. By gi bn mun s dng bo co nhn vo con s theo mt vi cch khc nhau, bn mun bit s lng bn hng ca mi nhn vin c thc hin trong nm nay v bn mun xem mi nhn vin ng gp bao nhiu cho tng doanh s ca cng ty, Khi bn thc hin iu , bn s thy nhn vin no s nhn c tin thng v mi ngi c thng bao nhiu.

b. Tm tt d liu mt cch khc

Bn mun thay i bo co t tnh ton doanh s ca tng nhn vin qua tng nm, bn c th lm iu bng cch thay i t hm SUM qua COUNT tm tt thng tin.

thay i chc nng, nhp chut phi vo bt c gi tr trong bng bo co, l khu vc c tiu "Sum of Sales Amount", r chut n Summarize Data By v sau




nhp vo Count. Nhng con s s chuyn i t mt gi tr tng thnh gi tr count. Cc tiu trn cc s thay i t "Sum of Sales Amount" "Count of Sales Amount."

Sau bn c th phn loi cc n t hng xem ai c c hu ht cc n t hng mt cch d dng nht. lm vic ny, hy nhp chut phi vo trong bt k nhn vin kinh doanh no, tr chut n Sort v sau nhp vo Sort Largest to Smallest. Kt qu, Peacock l ln u tin, vi mt grand tng s 100 n t hng, theo sau l vua vi 74, v sau Leverling vi 73.

c. Thc hin mt php tnh %

By gi bn mun xem t l % ca tng nhn vin trn tng doanh thu. Peacock c c hu ht cc n t hng, nhng chng ta c th tnh s lng n t hng ca c nh th no so vi tng doanh thu.

lm c iu ny, click chut phi vo khu vc gi tr, tr chut n Summarize Data By v sau nhp vo More options, nhp vo tab Show values as trong hp thoi Value Field Settings m ra. Sau , trong hp Show values as, bm vo mi tn v chn % of total.

Peacock c 18 phn trm trong tng doanh s bn hng cho cc nm, c ta c doanh s cao nht trong cc nhn vin, t l % trn tng doanh thu khng tng ng vi s n hng nhiu nht. King ct l doanh thu cao k tip vi 14,42%, theo sau l Davolio vi 12,52%.

d. Nhn vin no nhn tin thng?

By gi bn s tnh ton ai s nhn tin thng v s tin thng l bao nhiu bng cch to ra mt cng thc s dng calculated field. y l mt cng thc mi c a vo bo co PivotTable.

V d nhn vin no bn hng nhiu hn $ 30.000 trong bt c qu no th c nhn 3% tin thng doanh thu trong qu . to cng thc, pha trn cng ca ca s, trn Ribbon, bn bm vo tab Options di PivotTable Tools, trong nhm Tools, bm vo mi tn trn nt Formulas v sau bm vo Calculated Field.

Trong hp thoi Insert Calculated Field, g tn cho cng thc trong hp Name, trong hp Formula, nhp cng thc ='Sales Amount' * IF('Sales Amount'>30000,3%) tm ra ngi nhn tin thng v sau bm vo OK.

Din gii cng thc ny nh sau: Nu s doanh thu ln hn 30,000 trong mt qu

th thng 3% (3% ny trn doanh s bn hng). Cn nu doanh s di 30,000 th

tin thng l 0.




PHN IV: CHIA S THNG TIN

1. Chia s d liu ca Excel vi nhng ng dng khc bng cch xut bn

ln SharePoint

a d liu ln SharePoint nh th no.

a. Chia s d liu Excel ln SharePoint

D liu Excel chia s ln SharePoint c nhiu thun tin hn thay v chia s d liu bng cch s dng e-mail, hoc bng cch a d liu vo mt th mc mng no , do SharePoint ch dnh cho nhng ngi c thm quyn mi c truy cp d liu v SharePoint to thun li cho nhng ngi c thm quyn lm vic theo nhm ht sc hiu qu.

b. Ly a ch website cho trang SharePoint

Trc khi bn c th xut file bng biu n SharePoint, bn cn phi c a ch web, hoc URL ca SharePoint.




Phn chnh ca URL

Nu cha bit v SharePoint, bn c th hi nhn vin CNTT ph trch website ca cng ty ca mnh.

c. Xut bng biu n SharePoint: phn I

By gi bn sn sng xut file bng biu n SharePoint.

1. Trn tab Table Tools Design xut hin khi bn to ra mt bng biu trong nhm External Table Data group 2. click Export 3. v sau click Export Table to SharePoint List.

d. Xut bng biu n SharePoint: phn II

Xut file bng biu n SharePoint List. Trong Export Table n SharePoint:




1. Nhp hoc dn URL a ch ca SharePoint trang web ca bn. Nn nh, bn ch cn tt c mi th t trc khi "/ default.aspx." V vy, nu URL ca bn c http://contoso/default.aspx, a ch Web cho danh sch s c http://contoso. 2. G mt tn cho danh sch, v d tn file l Training presentations. 3. G mt on gii thiu ngn ca danh sch ny. 4. Quyt nh xem bn c mun c th cp nht file Excel hay khng. Nu bn mun th chn chn hp thoi Create a read-only connection to the new

SharePoint list. 5. Click vo Next trong hp thoi xc nh rng cc loi d liu trong mi ct c nhn din hon ton. Sau , nhp vo Finish. Excel t ng xut file bng biu nh l mt danh sch n trang SharePoint ca bn.

e. Xem danh sch mi ca bn trn trang web SharePoint

Click vo ng lin kt trong Excel xem danh sch SharePoint. Mt ng lin kt vo danh sch ca bn s xut hin trong hp thoi Windows SharePoint Services. Bn c th bm vo OK ng hp thoi, hoc bm vo ng lin kt trong hp thoi hy xem danh sch ca bn. N s m ra trong SharePoint trn Datasheet view (Ci trng ging mt bng tnh), sn sng cho nhng ngi c thm quyn thm thng tin ca h vo danh sch m khng cn m chng trnh Excel.

f. Cho mi ngi bit danh sch u




Bc tip theo l cho php mi ngi bit l ni danh sch trn trang SharePoint. C hai cch lm c iu ny: 1. Bn c th gi mt lin kt n danh sch. Bn s thy a ch URL cho danh sch trn cng ca trnh duyt Web ca bn trong thanh a ch. Ch rng a ch URL bao gm cc "lists" trong lin kt. l v trong danh sch c t ng t trong th mc Lists trn trang SharePoint, ni m tt c cc danh sch SharePoint c lu tr. K hiu "% 20" trong lin kt tng trng cho mt space trong mt URL. 2. Bn cng c th thm danh sch n thanh SharePoint Quick Launch, thng thng nm pha bn tri ca hu ht cc trang SharePoint. Sau , mi ngi c th click vo lin kt trn nhanh Quick Launch bar di Lists c c file Training

Presentation.

g. Duyt li danh sch SharePoint

Vi danh sch trong Datasheet view, ty theo tng ngi m c quyn hn khc nhau.

V d, Wendy c th g trnh by ngy v tn ca c y.

h. Cp nht d liu bng biu Excel

Tng tng rng nhng ngi khc thm thng tin ca h vo danh sch SharePoint. Tt nhin bn c th thy c sa i d liu trong danh sch SharePoint. Nhng nu bn mun, bn c th refresh bng biu trong Excel bn cng c th xem nhng thng s sa i trong Excel.




refresh cc d liu, trn tab Table Tools Design, trong nhm External Table Data, click chut vo Refresh. Cc d liu trong Excel s c cp nht.

Mt cu hi pht sinh y, mi ngi t hi rng nu sau khi refresh v cp nht t danh sch SharePoint n Excel, th ngc li bn c th thay i trong Excel v gi ci thay i ny ln danh sch SharePoint khng? Tht tic, iu ny khng th thc hin c. D liu ch c th c bin tp trn trang SharePoint v refresh trong Excel, ch khng th lm cch no khc. Hoc bn c th thc hin cc thay i trong Excel v sau xut ca bng biu nh l mt danh sch SharePoint mi v vi mt ci tn mi cho danh sch.

2. Excel Services I: Phn cn bn

Excel Services l g? Lm th no chia s d liu bng tnh vi ngi khc trn

SharePoint Server 2007 Enterprise

a. Lu Workbook n trang web SharePoint ca bn

D liu trong bng tnh Excel 2007

Bn tng tnh hung ny cha? Bn l ngi chu trch nhim mt bo co Excel, ging nh d liu bn hng ca Cng ty Adventure Works trong hnh trn. Bn cn phi a cc d liu trn trang SharePoint ca cng ty nhng ngi khc trong cng ty c th s dng n cho cc nhu cu ca h. V d, phng k ton s s dng n nh l mt c s cho vic tnh ton tin thng v phng th trng s s dng n tnh ton lm th no chi tiu qung co.

V vy, bn mun mi ngi c th nhn v lm vic vi d liu ny, nhng bn

khng mun h bin tp cc d liu trong bng Excel gc bi v Workbook l phin

bn chnh.

b. Tm hiu v Excel Services




iu g xy ra nu mt ngi no mun s dng mt tnh nng m Excel khng c sn trong Excel Services? V d, mt ngi no c th mun s dng nt AutoSum, p dng cc nt lc hay s dng kh nng in n ca Excel.

Lnh Open Snapshot in Excel trong Excel Services

H c th lm tt c bng cch m mt snapshot trong Excel. Mt snapshot l mt phin bn gii hn ca d liu workbook trong Excel. Cc snapshot khng cha cng thc, d liu kt ni, nh dng c iu kin, cc cell n, cc hng, ct hoc worksheets, thng tin c nhn nh tn tc gi workbook v cc nt lc. Lm vic vi mt snapshot trong Excel khng c g khng c trong bt k cch no

thay i d liu xut n trang SharePoint. m mt snapshot t Excel Services,

click vo Open v sau bm vo Snapshot in Excel.

3. Excel Services II: Yu cu, ngh v phn quyn

Phn quyn SharePoint ngi th c quyn sa, ngi ch c xem.

a. Lm th no ngn ngi khc chnh sa

Nhng mc menu mi ngi c th nhn thy trong th vin SharePoint ph thuc

vo vic cho php. Ngi ch trang ny ch nh ngi thnh nhng nhm

SharePoint, mi nhm i km vi vic cho php lm mt s iu nht nh.




Mt s linh hot (animation) rng bn c th chnh sa mt worksheet bng cch s dng lnh Edit in Microsoft Excel hin th trong hnh trn. Nhng nu bn mun ngn nga mt s ngi t chnh sa tp tin, C cch no n lnh t mt s ngi? Cu tr li l c.

1. S ngi trong nhm s hu v cc thnh vin nhm c php sa i tp tin trong Excel. Trong SharePoint, nhng ngi ny c th thy mc menu Edit in Microsoft Office Excel.

2. Khch hoc ngi trong nhm ch c quyn xem s khng nhn thy lnh Edit in

Microsoft Office Excel . Do h khng th chnh sa file SharePoint.

b. S khc nhau gia s dng workbook trong Excel v Excel Services

Workbook bao gm mt s tnh nng khng th xut d liu cho Excel Services. Trong v d hnh trn, bn thy message ny khi mt workbook c nhng cng thc hin th trong cc cell thay v kt qu ca cng thc.

C mt s tnh nng Excel m bn c th khng c s dng trong Excel Services. V d, bn khng th xem workbook c bo v hoc c cha lin kt hoc nhng i tng. C mt danh sch cc tnh nng khng c h tr trong Quick Reference

Card.




Nu bn vn tip tc m trong check box Open in Excel Services, c chn trong

hp thoi Save As, bn s bit ngay nu mt tp tin khng c h tr cc tnh nng.

Khi bn xut mt tp tin v n c gng m trong trnh duyt trn trang SharePoin,

bn s thy cng mt thng bo tng t nh hnh trn.

Trong v d ny, xut d liu v xem n trong Excel Services, bn cn phi hin th

kt qu cng thc trong workbook thay v hin th cng thc.

c. Nhng g bn cn cho Excel Services

Mi ngi c th xem d liu workbook trong Excel Service thay v m file trong

chng trnh Excel.

Nh chng ti gii thiu " Excel Services l mt cch hu hiu lm cho d liu ca bn c th n c vi ngi s dng trnh duyt Web.

Nhng nhng g bn cn lm cho Excel Sevices lm vic tri chy hn? S dng

n nh l mt n lc hp tc gia ngi xut d liu v ngi s dng chng. Tm

hiu thm v Excel Sevices s lm cho bn thch th hn.




d. Phn mm yu cu cho Excel Services

Nhng g bn cn s dng Excel Services.

Di y l cc yu cu cho dch v bng cch s dng Excel:

Mt trang SharePoint da trn SharePoint Server 2007 Enterprise.

Excel Services thit lp cho trang SharePoint.

mi ngi xut d liu Excel vo trang SharePoint, h cn phi ci t Excel

2007 trn my tnh ca h bng cc loi office sau: Office Professional Plus 2007,

Office Enterprise 2007, or Office Ultimate 2007.

nhn vo mt worksheet trong Excel Services, mi ngi khng cn ci t Excel. Tt c h cn l mt trnh duyt Web ci t l c.

Vi Excel 2003 ngi s dng c th s dng lnh Save As trong Excel 2003 lu

tr workbook trn mt trang SharePoint Server 2007 Enterprise, ni m cc d liu c

th c xem trong Excel Services. s dng Excel 2003 vi Excel Services, ngi

dng cn ci t cc Compatibility Pack cho Office 2003.

e. Nhng th vin ti liu v Excel Services

To mt th vin ti liu ring bit cho nhng file Excel Services bn khng cn

phi lu nhng tp tin ny trong mt th vin, ni m hu ht mi ngi c th chnh

sa file.

Bn bit rng phn mm yu cu cho Excel Services. Bt u trong Excel bng cch xut file n mt th vin ti liu trn trang SharePoint. y l mt khuyn co v cc th vin ti liu m bn s xut bn cc tc phm n: To mt th vin ring




cho cc file Excel Serves. V cc file Excel Services m bn khng mun ai cng c quyn chnh sa. Gi cho chng trong mt th vin ring bit.

Hnh nh trn cho thy y l mt v d ca mt th vin d liu bng bo co bn hng. Ai to ra n mt cch rt c bit bi v h mun hu ht mi ngi xem tp tin trong Excel Services ch khng phi trong chng trnh Excel.

Bn c th khng cn phi to mt th vin mi cho Excel Services, v n c th

c sn cho bn nu trang Excel Services Report Center c s dng ti cng ty

ca bn. Trang Report Center d nhin sn th vin ti liu, c l Reports

Library.

f. Thit lp th vin ti liu cho Excel Services

Tin nhn m bn nhn thy khi bn m mt tp tin trong Excel Services, nu mt th vin ti liu khng c thit lp nh mt Trusted File Location.

Excel Services yu cu i hi nhng th vin ti liu c thit lp nh l mt ni ng tin cy xut cc file. Khng c bc ny, cc file lu n mt th vin s khng m c trong Excel Services. Thay vo ,bn s thy thng bo ny: "Bn




khng c quyn m tp tin ny trn Excel Services. Hy chc rng tp tin trong mt v tr ng tin cy ca Excel Services v bn c th truy cp vo tp tin."

Hy chc chn rng bt k th vin ti liu bn mun mi ngi s dng vi Excel

Services c thit lp nh mt Trusted File Location.

2. Excel Services I: Phn cn bn (box)

Excel Services l g? Lm th no chia s d liu bng tnh vi ngi khc trn SharePoint Server 2007 Enterprise

a. Lu Workbook n trang web SharePoint ca bn

D liu trong bng tnh Excel 2007

Bn tng tnh hung ny cha? Bn l ngi chu trch nhim mt bo co Excel, ging nh d liu bn hng ca Cng ty Adventure Works trong hnh trn. Bn cn phi a cc d liu trn trang SharePoint ca cng ty nhng ngi khc trong cng ty c th s dng n cho cc nhu cu ca h. V d, phng k ton s s dng n nh l mt c s cho vic tnh ton tin thng v phng th trng s s dng n tnh ton lm th no chi tiu qung co.

V vy, bn mun mi ngi c th nhn v lm vic vi d liu ny, nhng bn

khng mun h bin tp cc d liu trong bng Excel gc bi v Workbook l phin

bn chnh.

b. Tm hiu v Excel Services

iu g xy ra nu mt ngi no mun s dng mt tnh nng m Excel khng c sn trong Excel Services? V d, mt ngi no c th mun s dng nt AutoSum, p dng cc nt lc hay s dng kh nng in n ca Excel.




Lnh Open Snapshot in Excel trong Excel Services

H c th lm tt c bng cch m mt snapshot trong Excel. Mt snapshot l mt phin bn gii hn ca d liu workbook trong Excel. Cc snapshot khng cha cng thc, d liu kt ni, nh dng c iu kin, cc cell n, cc hng, ct hoc worksheets, thng tin c nhn nh tn tc gi workbook v cc nt lc.

Lm vic vi mt snapshot trong Excel khng c g khng c trong bt k cch no thay i d liu xut n trang SharePoint. m mt snapshot t Excel Services, click vo Open v sau bm vo Snapshot in Excel.

4. Excel Services III: Kim sot nhng g bn chia s

Lm th no chia s d liu cng lc, lm th no che du d liu v khng cho ngi khc nhn thy

a. Gii thiu v vic phn quyn vi Excel Services

Phn quyn SharePoint rt quan trng khi s dng Excel Services, v bn c th phn quyn cho tng nhm ngi nh xem d liu, chnh sa, Trang SharePoint c bn nhm bao gm Owners, Members, Visitors v Viewers nh hnh trn.




1. Mi ngi trong nhm Owners c th lm c rt nhiu. H c th thit lp cc ci t site-wide, ci t th vin, H cng c th thm v chnh sa ti liu trong mt th vin.

2. Mi ngi trong nhm Members c t quyn hn. H khng c quyn ci t, nhng h c th thm v chnh sa ti liu trong mt th vin.

3. Mi ngi trong nhm Visitors c th quyn t hn. H ch c th m tp tin t th vin v copy file read-only. Nhng h khng th chnh sa tp tin v lu cc thay i.

4. Mi ngi trong nhm Viewers cc th lm tng t nh nhm Visitors: h c th

m cc file read only.

b. Tc ng ca vic phn quyn

Trnh SharePoint cho cc tp tin s thy cc quyn khc nhau ty thuc vo tng nhm. Ch lnh View Web Browser c sn cho tt c cc nhm. Nhng cng ch rng nhm Visitors v nhm Viewers khng c lnh Edit in Microsoft Office Excel. y l cch trang SharePoint ngn nga ngi khng c thm quyn chnh sa tp tin. Nu bn khng c s cho php chnh sa th d nhin lnh s khng c sn.

c. Lm th no thm ngi cho nhm Viewers




1. Trn trang SharePoint, click chut vo People and Groups. 2. Click vo Viewers.

3. Sau , click vo nt New thm ngi vo nhm Viewers

d. Gi d liu ring t trong Excel Services

Bn thy worksheet By Person trong chng trnh Excel. Nhng Worksheet By Person khng c hin th trong Excel Services.

1. Ngi dng mun hin th worksheet By Person trong chng trnh Excel, bi v thnh thong h cn lm vic vi n trong Excel.

2. Ngi dng mun n mun n worksheet By Person trong Excel Services, bi v

h khng ngh rng tt c mi ngi c th dng n.

5. Excel Services IV: Cho php nhp thng tin

Lm th no cho php ngi khc tnh ton trong Excel Services




a. Bc 1: Kim tra tn cell

1. Nu B4 c tn, click vo trong cell B4.

2. Sau , nhn trong Name Box trn thanh Formula Bar. Nu trn xut hin k hiu l B4, th c ngha l B4 cha c tn.

Trn SharePoint, bn mun mi ngi nhp gi tr cho cc B4 (gi c) v cho B5 (s lng bn). lm c iu ny, Excel Services i hi nhng ny phi c t tn. Thay v g trc tip trong cc cell ny, ngi khc s nhp gi tr trong c bit bn cnh worksheet. t tn cho cc B4 v B5 s gip cho ngi khc bit phi lm g v nhp d liu no.

Trc tin, hy chc chn rng nhng cell cha c t tn. Trong Excel, click chut vo c B4 v sau click B5 v tm kim cc tn trong Name Box trn thanh Formula Bar.

b. Bc 2: t tn cell cho Excel Services

1. t tn B4, click vo .




2. Sau nhp tn trong Name Box trn thanh Formula Bar v bm ENTER.

c. Bc 3: Cho php d liu c truy cp trong Excel Services

Trong Excel ch con tr vo nt Microsoft Office , chn Pubish v sau chn Excel Services Options. Ch con tr vo tab Parameters, chn Add, chn Enter_number_of_Units v chn Enter_price_here v sau nhn OK hai ln. Ch con tr chn Save v nhp a ch th vin ti liu SharePoint v nhn Save mt ln na.

d. Bc 4: Nhp nhng gi tr trong Excel Services

Trong th vin ti liu SharePoint, nhp chut phi vo ti liu, chn View Web

browser, Mt Workbook m ra trong Excel Services. Trong phn Parameters, nhp

vo mt gi tr trong hp Enter_number_of_Units v cng nhp mt gi tr trong

hp Enter_price_here. Chn Apply, sau s thy gi tr mi s xut hin trong

workbook.




PHN V: CC K NNG OFFICE C BN

1. Lm quen nhanh vi h thng Office 2007

Cch s dng h thng Ribbon nh th no to vn bn nhanh hn trong h thng

Office 2007

a. Ribbon

B cng c Ribbon gm: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View,

Developer, Add-Ins. Nhng th bn cn by gi rt trc quan, d nhn, r rng v d

dng hn. Ribbon thc s l mt trung tm h tr cng vic tuyt vi. Vi Excel

2007, cc lnh c tp hp li theo nhm chc nng, khi cn l c ngay.

Ribbon - trung tm kim sot mi ca bn Sau y l chc nng ca cc Ribbon:

Home: Cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh (ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng hoc ct,).

Insert: C cc cng c dng chn bng biu, s , th, k hiu, vo bng tnh.

Page Layout: Ni c cc lnh s dng trong vic hin th bng tnh v thit lp in n.

Formulas: y l ni cung cp cng c cho cng vic chn cng thc, t tn vng (range), theo di cng thc, iu khin cch tnh ton ca Excel.

Data: Cc nt lnh trao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch,




Review: Ribbon dnh cho cc lnh kim tra li chnh t, thm ch thch, ...

View: ng nh tn ca n, l ni thit lp ch hin th ca bng tnh (phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh, ).

Add-Ins: Ngn ny c cc tin ch b sung, cc hm b sung, Khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng chng.

Ngoi ra cn mt Ribbon c tn l Developer: Excel 2007 mc nh n Ribbon ny,

v n dnh cho cc lp trnh vin. Bn c th vo: Office - Excel Options - Popular

ri chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon m Developer.

Ba tab cha nhm lnh trn mt Ribbon

Trong sut qu trnh lm vic vi bng tnh, bn c th s dng shortcut menu, n cho php bn thc hin cc lnh nhanh chng hn.

Trong bng tnh, ch cn tr chut vo v nhp phi, bn s c ngay mt thanh

menu cha cc lnh thng dng bn la chn v s dng.

b. Nhiu ty chn cn thit khc




Bm vo hnh mi tn di cng ca mt nhm c thm cc lnh khc

Nt hnh mi tn (gi l Dialog Box Launcher) gc pha di bn phi ca mt nhm l ni cung cp thm cho bn nhng la chn sn c ca nhm, nhng mc nh th Excel 2007 khng hin th trn Ribbon. hin th chng, bn bm vo mi tn, ngay lc s c mt hp thoi hoc bng cha tc v xut hin. V d, trong nhm Font c tt c cc lnh c s dng nhiu nht thc hin cc thay i: thay i font ch, thay i kch c, thay i kiu (lm cho font m, nghing, hoc gch di). Nhng nu mun c nhiu la chn hn na, chng hn nh superscript, ch cn bm vo nt hnh mi tn gc di bn phi ca Font, bn s nhn c hp thoi cung cp cc cc superscript c cc ty chn khc lin quan n phng ch.

c. To thanh cng c cho ring bn

Nt lnh Office: l ni cha cc lnh c s dng thng xuyn nht nh lnh nh

to tp tin mi, m tp tin, lu tp tin, xut tp tin, in n v danh mc lu tm cc

tp tin va m trc . Nt lnh Office thay cho menu File ca phin bn c. Thanh

cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh quan trngv c bn nht. Ngi dng c th

ty bin thanh cng c ny bng cch nhn vo biu tng m danh mc cc

lnh v bm chn thm cc lnh cn hin th trn thanh lnh.

d. Chun XML

iu ng lu khc: Excel 2007 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l XLSX da trn chun XML (eXtensible Markup Language) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l XLS. Chun ny gip cho cc ti liu an ton hn, dung lng ti liu nh hn v tch hp su vi cc h thng thng tin v cc ngun d liu bn ngoi. Nh vy, cc ti liu c qun l, phn tch v chia s d dng, hiu qu hn bao gi ht.

e. H thng phm tt trong Office 2007

Ngoi cch s dng chut cun cc thanh cun ngang, dc, cc phm mi tn,

trong Excel 2007, ngi dng c th dng t hp phm tt (phm nng) di chuyn

n trong bng tnh mt cch nhanh chng hn.

Cc phm tt dng di chuyn nhanh trong Excel 2007

Nhn phm Di chuyn

hoc Tab Sang bn phi

hoc Shift + Tab Sang bn tri

Ln dng

Xung dng

Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh

Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong worksheet




Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet

Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh

Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh

Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh

Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh

F5 M hp thoi Go To

End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl +

n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng

End + hoc Ctrl + Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng

Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh

Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh

i vi cc Ribbon, bn cng c th thao tc vi phm nng:

Dng t hp phm Ctrl+F1 bt hay tt thanh Ribbon. Nhn nhanh phm ALT mt ln truy cp cc nhm lnh trn thanh nh Home, Insert, Bn cng c th dng cc phm di chuyn trong thanh Ribbon, sau nhn Enter kch hot lnh bn cn.

Nhn phm ALT mt ln hoc nhn phm ESC quay li vng lm vic trn bng tnh.

Nhn t hp Ctrl+N to nhanh mt Workbook.

2. An ton thng tin

C th bn khng nhn ra nhng my tnh ca bn ang b t trong tm ngm. Khng phi ch bn m tt c my tnh khc cng vy. C nhng ngi ang c thm nhp




vo cc my tnh nhm t li hoc mt mc ch no . Bn cn phi nhn thc c cc e da bo v my tnh ca mnh tt hn.

a. Cc e da an ninh

C th mt s khi nim quen thuc vi bn nh: virus, trojan, spyware, malware, la o qua mng. bo v my tnh ca bn tt hn, bn cn hiu cc mi e da trn l g.

Hu ht cc e da an ninh c bit n nh mt phn mm hoc mt on m c

hi (malicious software / code), cc phn mm ny m thm iu khin my tnh ca

bn m bn khng hay bit g. a s cc phn mm c thit k t nhn bn

v ly nhim sang cc file hoc cc my tnh khc. Mt trong cc cch ly nhim l

gi mt e-mail c cha m c di tn bn ti cc a ch lin lc trong my tnh ca

bn.

Nhng g m c thc hin trn my ca bn ph thuc vo n l dng g v tnh ph hoi ra sao. C th n ch to ra cc thng ip gy phin toi hoc thc s gy tn hi bng cch xa cc d liu v chng trnh ca bn.

y l mt s nh ngha v cc phn mm c, da vo bn s bit mnh ang phi i mt vi ci g:

Virus Phn mm hoc on m c kh nng t nhn bn. Mt virus ly lan bng cch nh kem n vo mt file hoc chng trnh khc.

Worm Phn mm nhn bn bng cch t gi bn sao ca n qua mng. Trojan horse Phn mm khng gy hi nhng n s li dng cc l hng h thng m ng cho mt phn mm khc (virus, worm...) tn cng my tnh ca bn.

Trojan horse Phn mm khng gy hi nhng n s li dng cc l hng h thng m ng cho mt phn mm khc (virus, worm...) tn cng my tnh ca bn.




Spyware Phn mm thu thp thng tin c nhn ca bn, hoc chng cng c th thay i cc thit lp h thng m khng thng qua bn. Thng my tnh b nhim Spyware khi truy cp cc trang web khng ng tin cy.

Phishing Mt phng thc la o thng tin ti khon, thng l thng qua email.

Mt s kch bn la o nhm ci Spyware vo my tnh ca bn. Tin tt l Outlook

2007 c tch hp h thng chng Phishing.

b. Ngun ly nhim

Cc m c ly nhim vo my tnh ca bn bng cch n mnh trong mt th g c v v hi. Chng hn nh mt file nh km trong email, mt phn mm ti t Internet, mt website m bn gh qua, mt file chia s hoc mng my tnh, mt a mm v thm ch l mt ti liu Office. C bn th mi th n t mt my tnh khc u tim n ri ro.

Lu i khi cc m c khng n mnh v tn cng mt cch cng khai.

Ngoi vic cn trng trc cc thng tin n t my tnh khc, bn cng nn cn thn khi gh thm cc website c yu cu thng tin c nhn, hy xc nh c phi trang web gi mo khng trc khi in thng tin. V d bn phi chc rng mnh ang trang web chnh thc ca ngn hng bn m ti khon ch khng phi mt trang c giao din ging n.

Mt lu khc l khi bn lt qua mt trang web thc t bn ang ti v cc file t

Server. Hy chc rng trang web ng tin cy.

c. Microsoft Update mt cch hn ch ri ro

Cch c bn nht tng cng an ninh h thng l bo m phn mm tren my tnh ca bn lun cp nht. Microsoft thng xuyn pht hnh cc bn cp nht - ci m gii truyn thng hay gi l bn v (patch) - chin u vi cc e da mi xut hin. Cc bn cp nht h tr Microsoft Windows v Microsoft Office.




Mt cch hay l thng xuyn kim tra v cp nht c Windows v office bng cch gh qua trang cp nht ca Microsoft. Ngoi ra bn cn c th thit lp Microsoft Update t ng ti v cc bn cp nht khi

chng c pht hnh. Mt khi thit lp xong, chng trnh s lun c t ng

cp nht.

d. Phn mm chng Virus

Cch phng v quan trng nht l s dng cc chng trnh chng Virus. Hy ci t v cp nht thng xuyn.

Nu my tnh ca bn nm trong h thng mng c th ngi qun tr mng s thc hin thay bn iu .

Cc phn mm chng Virus c thit k pht hin cc Virus c nhn dng.

V virus mi khng ngng c pht tn nn bn cn cp nht chng trnh thng

xuyn. Khi mt virus mi xut hin trn th gii, nh sn xut phn mm dit virus

thng tung ra bn cp nht trong vng vi gi sau khi nhn din virus.




e. Mt s thit lp an ninh khc

C th tng kt cc c bn cn th hin tng cng an ninh h thng nh sau:

Ci chng trnh dit virus v spyware.

S dng cc mt m phc tp (gm ch, s v cc k t c bit nh "&" "%" "$"...).

Ci t tng la (Firewall) kim sot cc lung thng tin

Thng xuyn sao lu d liu quan trng

f. An ton cho email

Mt khu vc nguy him d b nhim virus nht l email v cc file nh km. i khi ch cn m mt email cng c th kch hot virus.

Ngay c khi ci t chng trnh chng virus, mt virus mi c th xut v nh sn xut cha kp cp nht thng tin v n. V vy, hy thn trng vi cc file nh km c bit l khi ngi gi l hon ton xa l (hoc c th l tn mt ngi quen nh ni dung khng ph hp) , hoc nu tiu v tn file nh km c g bt thng.




Lu Outlook 2007 c cc tnh nng n phng chng virus trong file nh km. V d cc loi file thng c dng pht tn virus s t ng b chn . Ngoi ra nu bn vn lo lng v l thng tin bn nhn c c th cha virus th vn c mt s cch hiu qu ngoi vic dng phn mm. Chng hn bn c th gi in cho ngi gi xc nhn xem c ng h gi email cho bn khng hay email c gi t mt k mo danh no .

Lu ng bao gi m cc email v file nh km ng nghi trc khi bn c th

xc minh thng tin ngi gi.


Tim Hieu Excel 2007

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