Tieu Luan TT HCM

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Tir wong Ho Chi Minh, la h~ thong quan diem toan di~n va sau sac ve nhCrngvan de co ban

cua each rnanq Vi~t nam. Mot trong nhCrngnet d~c sac nOi b~t trong nr tlfong cua Nglfoi la

van de dao dlrc cua nglfoi each rnanq, Sinh thoi cno tlch HO Chi Minh khong chi luon nhac

nho can bO, di.mg vien phai quan tam remluy~n dao dlrc each rnanq rna chlnh ban than Nglfoi

con la tam glfong trong sang tuy~t vOi ve dao dlrc each rnanq,

Ngay nr khi bat dau heat dong each manq, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da co y thlrc rat ro ve vai tro

va srrc rnanh cua dao duc each rnanq, Chinh V I h~do, Nglfoi da day cong giao due Iy tlfong

each rnanq cho thanh nien va quan chung nhan dan. Nglfoi de Ii;li rat nhieu tac pham, bai noi,

bai viet chuyen ve dao dlrc. Ngay trong tac pham: "€llfong Kach menh", 0 chuonq dau tien

Nglfoi da neu len 23 dieu nr each cua cac can bO each rnanq, trong do chu yeu la cac tieu

chuan ve dao dlrc, the hi~n chu yeu trong 3 mOi quan h~: voi rnlnh, voi nglfoi va voi vi~c, day

la tac pham dau tien Nglfoi viet de huan luy~n nhCrng nglfoi yeu ruroc Vi~t Nam tre tuoi. Neu

nhir tac pham dau tien Nglfoi de cap den van de dao dlrc each rnanq thl tac pham cuoi cunq

Nglfoi tiep tuc kh2mg djnh tam quan trQng cua dao dlrc each rnanq. €lo la: "Nang cao dao dlrc

each rnanq, quet sach chu nghia ca nhan" day la tac ph am ban sau ve van de dao duc, the

hi~n nhCrng dieu tam huyet nhat rna Nglfoi rut ra nr truro tien lanh dao each rnanq cua €lang

tao

Sau khi qianh duoc chlnh quyen, HO Chi Minh noi nhieu toi dao dlrc cua can bO, dang vien, cua

€lang cam quyen.Trong ban Di chuc de lai cho toan dang va toan dan ta thl van de dao dlrc van

la van de dlfqc Nglfoi d~c bi~t nhan rnanh: "€lang ta la mot €lang cam quyen, mOi can bO va

dang vien phai thirc 51 ! tham nhuan dao dlrc each manq, th~t 51 ! can ki~m liem chlnh, chi cong

vo nr ", " €lang phai rat coi tronq giao due, remluy~n dao dlrc each rnanq cho can bO, dang vien",

"€lang can phai cham 10giao due dao dlrc each rnanq cho doan vien va thanh nien, dao tao ho

thanh nhCrngnglfoi thira ke xay dl,l11gchu nghia xa hOi vira "hong" vira "chuyen'',

VI sao Ho chi Minh nh~n ro va de cao van de dao dlrc nhir v~y?

Theo Ho Chi Minh, each rnanq nhat dinh se thanh congo€lo la mot dieu chao chan. Nhlfng thoi

gian nhanh hay cham, mire dO Ion hay nho, thuan Iqi hay kho khan. ..tat ca tuy thuoc vao dao dlrc

each rnanq, theo nghia do la nhan to chu quan cua con ngltbi , la trlnh dO giac ngo va y chi cua

quan chunq, la yeu to tinh than trong 51 ! nghi~p each rnanq. Bao cao tal €li; li hOi€li;li bieu toan quoc

Ian thu hai cua €lang lao dong Vi~t nam, HOChi minh noi: "Ll!c Ilfqng ta va djch so Ie nhieu nhir

the, cho nen luc do co nglfoi cho rang: cuoc khang chien cua ta la "chau chau oa voi". Chi nhln ve

v~t chat, chi nhln 0 hi~n tri;lng, chi lay con mat hep hoi rna xem thl nhir the th~t. VI de chong may

bay va di;li bac cua dich, luc do ta phai dung g~y tam vong. Nhunq €lang ta theo Chu nghia Mac-

Lenin, chunq ta khong nhCrngnhln vao hi~n tal rna con nhln vao nronq lai, va tin chao vao tinh than

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va 1 l ) ' C llJ'qng cua quan chung, cua dan tOc. Cho nen chung ta qua quyet tra IOinhCmgnglJ'bi lUng

chUng bi quan kia rang:

" Nay tuy cMu chau dB.voi,

Nhung mai voi se bj loi rU9t ra, '1(1)

TlJ'tlJ'Ong "NglJ'Oitnroc, sung sau" trong each rnanq giai ph6ng dan toc va "chien IlJ'(1Crang nglJ'oi"

trong each rnanq xa hOi chu nghia cua Ha Chi Minh kh2lng dinh SLrcrnanh tinh than, dao dLrc cua

con nglJ'bi, va con nglJ'bi can dao dLrc, each rnanq rat can dao dLrc. NglJ'bi viet: "Lam each rnanq

de cal tao xa hOi cOthanh xa hOi mOi la mot su nghi~p rat ve vang, nhunq n6 cOng la mot nhiern

vu rat n~ng ne, mot cuoc dau tranh rat phLrc tap, lau dai, gian kho. SLrc c6 rnanh mOi qanh dlJ'qc

n~ng va di dlJ'qc xa. NglJ'Oieach rnanq phai c6 dao dLrc each rnanq lam nen tang, mOi hoan thanh

dlJ'(1cnhi~m vu each rnanq ve vang"(2)

Khi danh gia ve vai tro cua dao duc each rnanq, Ha Chi Minh cho rang: £)?lo duc la mau 56

chung, la thuac do long cao thuQ'ng cLla mOi con nguai: "Tuy nang II/c va cong vi ~c cLla mOi

nguai kh8.c nhau, nguai lam vi ~c to, nguai lam vi~c nho, nhung ai gifl d uac aeo duc deu la

cao thuQ'ng."(3)

Dao dLrc each rnanq phai la pham chat dau tien, phai dlJ'qc coi la van de gac de giai quyet

cong vi~c each rnanq "qanh n~ng, dlJ'ong xa" chong de qudc, chong phong kien, qianh dOc I~p

dan toc, xay dl,l'ng chu nghia xa hOi. voi moi ng lJ'oi, Ha Chi Minh vi dao dLrc la nguan nuoi

dlJ'ong va phat trien con nglJ'oi,nnu

g6c cLla cay, nhU ng(m nguoncda

song suO;. Nguai

neu: "COng nhir song thl c6 nguan mOi c6 ruroc, khong c6 nguan thl song can, Cay phai c6

gac, khong c6 gac thl cay heo, NglJ'Oieach rnanq phai c6 dao dLrc, khong c6 dao dLrc thl du tai

gioi may cOng khong lanh dao duuc nhan dan"(4)

Ben canh d6, NglJ'bi con nhan manh, dao dLrc each rnanq lien quan tOimanh bi;li cua e ac h rn an q, VI

v~y, dao dLrcphai dlJ'(1cd~t trlJ'6ctal; "MQi vi~c thanh hay bal, chu chat la do can bO c6 tham nhuan

dao dLrc each rnanq hay khong". "Phai c6 ch lnh tr] trlJ'6c rai mOi c6 c hu ye n rn o n ; c hln h tri la dLrc

chuyen rnon la tal, C6 tal rna khong c6 dLrcla hong ...fJLrcphai c6 trlJ'6ctal..."(5)

Xac djnh dlJ'qc tam quan tronq cua van de dao dLrc, trong suet cuoc doi hoat dong each

rnanq, Chu tich Ha Chi Minh luon la tam glJ'ang mau rmrc, t turc hi~n tri~t de nhat nhCrng pham

dao dLrc each rnanq, Bac thlJ'ong nhik nho: "TrlJ'OCm~t quan chunq , khong phai ta err viet len

tran chCr "Cong san" rna ta dlJ'qc ho yeu men. Quan chunq chi yeu quy nhCrng nglJ'oi c6 nr

each, dao dLrc"(6).

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TU nhCrng nhan djnh tren, ta thay dao dLrc each rnanq c6 vai tro va srrc rnanh vo cunq to Ian.

Dao duc each rnanq giup cho con nglfoi vCrngvanq trong mol thLr thach, Nglfoi viet "NglfOi c6

dao duc each rnanq thl g~p kh6 khan, gian khd, that bai khong rut re, lui blfaC"; "khi g~p thuan

lei, thanh cong van giCrvCrng tinh than gian khd, chat phac, khiern ton", mai "10mroc thien ha,

vui sau thien ha"; "10 hoan thanh nhiem vu cho tot chir khong ken cira ve m~t hlfong thu:

khong cong than, khong quan lieu, khong kieu nqao, khong hu h6a"

Nhlfng trong thirc te nhCrng narn gan day, 5 1 , 1 ' xuong cap nqhiern tronq ve dao dLrc cua mQt bQ

ph~n can bQ, dilng vien va quan chung nhan dan, dang lam bang hoai nen dao dLrc xa hQi,

bang hoai truyen thong nhan van cua dan tQc. C6 the n6i,day la nhCrng thach thLrc Ian nhat

cua cong cuoc doi mai dat ruroc, la nguy co de doa 5 1 , 1 ' song con cua che dQ ta, lam mat thanh

danh uy tin cua flang, Nha ruroc, lam x6i rnon long tin cua dan chunq vao flang, vao che dQ.

fl6 la nhCrng dieu het srrc nguy h<;lidoi vai flang, V I can bQ, dang vien c6 vai tro rat quan trQng

doi vai 5 1 , 1 ' nghi~p each rnanq, flang vien la te bao cua flang. SLrc mann cua flang la do srrc

rnanh cua dQi ngOdang vien tao nen, Nglfoi thlfong nhik nho: "fle lanh dao each rnanq, flang

phai rnanh. flang rnanh la do chi bQ tot, chi bQ tot la do dang vien deu to1"(7).V~y rna, can bQ,

dang vien va quan chunq nhan dan lai thoai hoa, bien chat thl anh hlfong rat Ian den 5 1 , 1 ' lanh

dao cua flang.

Trong thoi gian tai, de khac phuc tlnh tranq tren va de xay dl,l'ng flang ta th~t 5 1 , 1 ' trong sach,

vCrng mann , th~t 5 1 , 1 ' "la dao dLrc, la van minh" va de cUQCv~n dQng "HQc tap va lam theo tam

glfong dao dLrc Ho Chf Minh" dat chat Ilfqng. MOi can bQ, dang vien va quan chung nhan dan

khong ngung hoc tap, tu dlfang, ren luy~n dao dLrc, quyet tam thuc hi~n nhCrng nguyen tac ve

dao dLrc rna cno tlch HO Chf Minh da neu, CI,l the nhu:

N6i di doi vai lam, phai neu glfong ve dao dLrc: Trong suet cuoc doi heat dQng each rnanq cua

mlnh du a ctronq vi nao Nglfoi cOng da n6i va lam nhCrng dieu fch nlfaC, Iqi dan. Vao nhCrng

ngay dan ta b] nan d6i nam 1945 hoanh hanh, Nglfoi da viet thir keu qoi dong bao ca rurc c: "

CU 10 ngay nhln an mQt bCra, mOi thanq nhjn 3 bCra. flem qao d6 de CUu dan ngheO"(B)va

chfnh Nglfoi da truro hi~n tnroc. Chfnh 5 1 , 1 ' thong nhat giCra IOi n6i vai vi~c lam, giCranr tlfong

vai hanh dQng la net d~c sac quy hiem tao nen be rQng, chieu sau va tam cao cua mQt nhan

each vi dai - HOChf Minh, mai mai la nguon anh sang, sire rnanh vo t~n de dan dat chunq ta di

tiep con dlfong tai dQc I~p nr do va am no hanh phuc,

floi vai vi~c lam, HO Chf Minh yeu cau can bQ, dang vien vi~c gl c6 Iqi cho dan ta phai het sire

lam, vi~c gl c6 hal cho dan, ta phai het sire tranh, Nglfoi phe phan nhCrng can bQ, dang vien

nhut nhat, kern co t , n6i khong dam n6i, lam khong dam lam, cai gl cOng cho cap tren bao sao

lam v~y. t .oa: can bQ ay la thu dQng, thieu sang teo. Va tot nhat la mi~ng n6i tay lam, lam

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glfang cho nglfoi khac bat chiroc .... Neu mi~ng thl tuyen truyen bao nglfoi ta sieng lam rna

mlnh thl nr an tnra, ngu tn~, bao nglfoi ta tiet ki~m rna mlnh thl xa xi, lung tung thl tuyen truyen

mQt tram narn cOng va dunq,

Theo H e Chi Minh, doi vOi ngltbi phuong flong, nhat la doi vOi ngltbi Vi~t nam giau tlnh cam, mQttam guong sang con han gia tr] 100 bai dien van tuyen truyen. VI v~y, phai neu nhCmgtam guong

sang ve dao dCrccho rnoi ngltbi hoc t~p va noi theo.

Xay di doi vOi chong. H e Chi Minh cho rang: "Moi con ngltbi deu co thien va ac 0 trong long. Ta phai

lam cho phan tot 0 trong moi ngltbi nay no nhir hoa mua xuan b] mat dan di, do la thai dQ cua ngltbi

each mi;lng"(9).Tuy nhien, xay luon phai di doi vOi chong, chong lai cal xau, cal sai, cal va dao dCrc,

theo quan diem cua Ngltbi la chong nham rnuc dlch xay. flay la qua trlnh gay go, phCrctap khong

phai ngay mQt, ngay hai co the lam dl1Qc.Cho nen, mQt nguyen tac khong the khong the thieu dl1Qc

dola:

Phai ren luy~n, tu dl.1Ongdao dCrcsuet dOi. H e Chi Minh chi ro, mOi nglfoi can bQ, dang vien phai

thlfong xuyen cham 10tu dlfang dao dCrcnhir vi~c nra m~t hang ngay, day la cong vi~c phai lam

kien trl, ben b l suet doi. Theo Ngltbi, dao dCrceach rnanq khong phai tren troi sa xuong. No do dau

tranh ren luy~n ben b l hang ngay rna phat trien va cunq co. COng nhir nqoc canq rnai canq sang,

vanq canq luy~n canq trong. Vi~c tu dl.1Ongdao dCrccua can bQ, dang vien va quan chunq nhan

dan phai dlfqc thuc hi~n thong qua hoat dQng thl/C tien sinh hoat, hoc t~p, lao dQng, chien dau.

Khi each rnanq thuan Iqi, cOng nhtr luc each rnanq g~p kho khan thir thach, can bQ, dang vien deu

phai ren luy~n de nang cao dao dCrceach rnanq , Boi V I , khi mOi dlfqc bau, mOi dlfqc de ba r hau

nhir ai cOng la nglfoi tot nhunq neu khong ren luy~n thlfong xuyen thl se de b] danh lei, uy quyen,

tien tal, sac dep ... lam cho que nga thoai hoa, bien chat ve dao dCrc,10i song. VI the, vi~c ren

luy~n dao dCrceach rnanq cua can bQ, dang vien va quan chunq nhan dan phai dl1Qc thuc hi~n

trong suot ca cuoc doi.

each day gan tron rnra the k Y (1958), bac Ho kinh yeu da viet bai ve ren luy~n dao dli"c each

rnanq danh cho dimg vien, doan vien - hai doi tUQng dUQc d~t len hang dau.

Chung ta luon ghi nho rang, nr each , pham chat dao dLrc gan lien voi hoat dQng hang ngay

cua mol cang dan khang phan bi~t bat cli" ai rna Bac thuong xuyen can d~n, nhac nho la canki~m, liem chinh, chi cang, va tu

Th~t v~y, trong hoc t~p, lao dQng, cang tac cOng nhir trong cUQcsong doi thuong cua tung

nguoi 0 xa hQi ta vao thoi k Y each rnanq nao cOng the, neu SI! bat liem, bat chinh, lang phi, thama, luoi bieng, va trach nhi~m, thu ven ca nhan, Ich k Y vllQi ta hai nguoi ... con Ian khuat dau do

bang sir doi tra voi chinh rnlnh, voi t~p the va cQng dong thl do la "ke thl) n9i xam"nguy hiem

khan luong. Gioi tre, tnroc het la can bQ, doan vien, lop nguoi voi sli" rnenh ke tuc SI! nghi~p

cua cha anh canq phai ra sue tu duong, ren luy~n va thirc hanh can ki~m, Iiem chinh, chi cang,

va nr trong bat cli" hoan canh va dieu ki~n nao ,

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Bac day: "Lam cscn m~mg de cai teo xii he)i cOthanh xii he)imai la me)t Sl/ nghi~p ve vangnhLfng no cOng la me)t nhi~m v(.l rat n~ng ne, me)t cue)c dau tranh rat phuc t~p, lau dai, gian kh(f".

Han bao gio het, nhCrngngl10i cQng san tre tuoi phai sam tl,f9 trurc dl1qc tfnh lau dai, gian kho, nharn cai tao xa hQ

than vira la rnuc tieu phan dau bang chfnh nQi lire cua mlnh nhir Bac da n6i mQt each hlnh anh: "s(rc co m~nh mai gan

xa. Nguai cach m~ng co d~o duc cach m~ng lam nen tang mai n o e n tMnh duac nhi~m vu cach m~ng ve vang".

Chi khi nao chOng ta dLrng vCrng tren nen tang dao duc ay, quan tri~t sau sac dieu chu chat ay 0 mol not, mol IOcch

nhan len sire rnanh cua mlnh de "ganh dUpc n~ng, di dUpc xa".

Thtrc te cho thay nhir Bac day: " S o dong dang vien, doan vien va can be) ta lam dung nhU the. NhLfng cOng co me)t sNguyen nhan dan den vi~c khong lam dOng chu yeu la do "chu nghia ca nMn" voi nhieu bieu hi~n khac nhau nhir "

cau nghi ngoi, muon II/a cnon cong tac theo 9 thich ca nMn cue minh, khOng muon lam cong tac ma doan the giao pho

cao nhLfng I~i sa trach nhi~m n~ng ... Dan dan tinh than dau tranh va tinh tich cl/c cue he)bi kem sUt, chi khi cach m~ng

cue nguai cach m~ng cOng kem sar.

Ngay nay, trong hoan canh va dieu ki~n mOi, Dang va Nha rnroc ta dang phat dQng va lanh dao toan Dang, toan dan

nhl1qng chong nan quan lieu, tham nhOng va nhCrngbieu hi~n sa doa, vi pharn nghiem tronq dao duc each rnanq cua m

dang vien, chOng ta thay nhCrngtien Il1qng het suc dOng dan cua Bac ve sir nay no va phat trien cua chu nghia ca nha

chat cua biet bao con ngl10i do thieu tu dl1ong, ren luy~n, xa roi tharn chf doi I~p voi "dieu chu chot nhat" cua dao dLrc

dau tranh cho rnuc tieu, 19tl10ng rna ban than da tltng gan b6.

Dieu nay c6 9 nghia quyet dinh den con dl10ng phan dau cua dong dao can bQ, doan vien V I su nghi~p Ion rna ho d

day, mOi mQt chOng ta can 9 trurc ngay mQt ro han, sau han qua trlnh nr tao dl,fng cho mlnh cal nen tang, cal dieu chueach rnanq, ay la "khOng me)tphUt giay nao nuac xa rai 19tuang phan dau" va khong bao gio buong long cuoc dau tran

- "ke dich con an nap trong minh moi nguai chUng taoNo cM dip ho~c that b~i, ho~c thang tai, de ngoc dau d~y ... " nh

duc cach m~ng la Ma minh vai quan chUng tMnh me)tkhOi, tin quan chung, hieu quan chUng, lang nghe 9 kien ctie quvi~c lam, dang vien, aoen vien va can be) lam cho dan tin, dan ph(.lc, dan yeu ... ",

ChOng ta dang c6 nhieu tam gl1ang dang vien, doan vien va can bQ dl1qc dan tin, dan yeu, dl1qc nhir vay la do cac d

luy~n va tmrc hi~n tot Ie song mlnh V I rnoi ngl1oi, trong d6 loi n6i luon di doi voi vi~c lam, lay vi~c mlnh lam de co vO ng

Song dang tiec hi~n nay trong to crurc Doan van con c6 nhCrng "quan f)oan" quan lieu, khong nam dl1qc nhCrngvan

nghi, nhCrngkh6 khan, nhCrngnguy~n vQng chfnh dang va ca nhCrng hanh vi sai trai cua mQt bQ ph~n thanh nien trong d

Thu ITnhthanh nien ngay nay chi la ngl10i truyen dat nqh] quyet thl chua duo Tieu chf hang dau cua thu linh thanh n

day phai la thuyet phuc thanh nien bang vi~c lam, bang nang lire hoat dQng thirc tien.

Neu chOng ta dl1qc "dan tin, dan ph(.lc, dan yeu" chOng ta se c6 tat ca, lam dl1qc tat ca, bang khong se la ngl1qc li;li

Minh tro thanh bat di~t boi cai nen muon doi ben vCrngay.

u tuang HO Chi Minh la m9t bubc phat trien mm clia chli nghia Mac

- Lenin, duvc v~n dl:lng m9t cach sang tiiJo vao thf!c tien giai phong dan

t9c va xay df!ng chli nghia xii h9i a Vi~t Nam. Dieu cOt loi clia tU tuimg

HO Chi Minh la d9c I~p dan t9c gan lien vm giai quyet xii h9i va giai

phong can ngum. Trang do, van d e can ngum. la van d e Ibn.,duvc d~t len

hang dau va la van d e trung tiim, xuyen sUOt trong toan b9 n 9i dung tUtuang clia Ngum..

V ii T hi K im D un g

Khoa Giao dl:lc Chinh tri - T rU 'O n g DHSP Ha

N Q i

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TU' n rong Ho Chi Minh la mOt bU'oc phat trien moi cua chu nghia Mac -

Lenin, duoc v~n dung mOt each sang tao van thtrc tien giili phong dan tOc va

xay dung chu nghia xa hOi a Vi~t Nam. Uieu cOt loi cua nr tU'ang HO Chi

Minh lQ dQc l~p dan tQc gan lien vai giai quyet x u hQi va giai ph6ng con

ngUai. Trong do, van de con ngUai la van de Ion, duoc d~t len hang dau va la

van de trung tam, xuyen sUOttrong toan bO nOi dung nr urong cua NgU'Oi. Tina dan, dua van dan, to chirc va phat huy strc manh doan ket toan dan, bOi

dU'Ong, dao tao va phat huy moi nang lu c cua dan (a tung ca nhan rieng h~ va

cua c a cong dong), do la nr tU'ang diroc HO Chi Minh v~n dung va phat trien

trong toan bO sl/ nghiep dau tranh each mang gianh dOc l~p dan tOc cling nhtr

xay dung dat nU'oc. TU' tU'ang do cling chinh la nOi dung cO ban ua toan bO ur

tU'ang ve con ngUai cua Ho Chi Minh.

UOi vOi HO Chi Minh, con ngUai vira tOn t«;:livLranr each ca nhan, vira la

thanh vien cua gia dinh va cua cong dong, co cuoc song t~p the va cuoc songca nhan hal hoa, phong phil. NgU'Oi da neu mOt dinh nghia ve con ngU'Oi: "ChCr

ngU'Oi, nghia hep la gia dinh, anh em, ho hang, bau ban, Nghia rong la dong

bao ca nircc. Rong nCra la c a 1 0M ngU'oi". Quan diem do the hi~n a cho

NgU'Oi chtra bao gio nhin nhan con ngU'oi mot each chung chung, triru nrong.

Khi ban ve chinh sach xa hOi, cling nhu a moi nOi, moi hie, trong moi hoan

canh, NgU'Oi luon quan tam den nhu cau, lc;1iIch cua con ngUai vOi nr each

nhu cau chinh dang. Dem l«;:lic;1iIch cho con ngUai chinh la tao ra dong ltrc vo

cimg Ian lao cho sl/ nghiep chung, vi neu nhtr nhfrng nhu cau, lc;1iIch cua moi

ca nhan khong diroc quan tam thoa dang thi tinh tich cue cua ho se khong the

phat huy duoc, Trong khi phe phan mot each nghiem khac chu nghia ca nhan,NgU'Oi viet: "Uau tranh chong chu nghia ca nhan khong phai la "giay xeo len

lc;1iich ca nhan", MOi ngU'Oi deu co tinh each rieng, sa tnrong rieng, doi song

rieng cua ban than va cua gia dinh minh". Trong quan diem ve thuc hi~n mot

nen dan chu xa hOi chu nghia, thea NgU'Oi, phal la mot nen dan chu chan

chinh, khong hinh thtrc, khong cue doan, trong do moi con ngU'Oi c u the phai

dU'c;1cdam bao nhfrng quyen lc;1iva nghia V l : J cua minh thea hien phap va phap

lu~t. Con ngUai, vOi nr each la nhfrng ca nhan, khong tOn t«;:libi~t l~p rna tOn

t«;:litrong mOi quan h~ bi~n chtrng vOi cong dong dan toc va vOi cac loai

ngU'Oi tren toan the giOi.

Con ngUai trong ur tU'ang HO Chi Minh khong tOn t«;:linhtr mot pharn truban the lu~n co tinh triru urong hoa va khai quat hoa, rna diroc de c~p den

mOt each cu the, do la nbiui dan Vi~t Nam, nhfrng con ngU'Oi lao dong ngheo

kho b] ap birc cung c u e dU'Oi ach thong tr] cua phong kien, de quoc; la dan

tQc Vi~t Nam dang b] do hO bai chu nghia thtrc dan; va r n a rong han nCra la

nhfrng "ngU'Oi no l~ mat ntroc" va "ngU'Oi ciing kho". Logic phat trien nr

tU'ang cua NgU'Oi la xuat phat tLr chu nghla yeu nuoc de den vOi chu nghia

6



Mac - Lenin, den vOi chu nghla quoc te chan chinh. Theo lOgic phat tri€~?nutudng ay, khai ni~m "con ngUai" cLla H o Chi Minh tiep c~n vai khai ni~m

"giai cap v o san cacti menq". NgU'Oi de c~p den giai cap vf san each mang

va sl)' thong nhat ve lc;1iich din ban cua giai cap do vOi cac tang lap nhan dan

lao dQng khac (d~c bi~t la nang dan). NgU'Oi nh~n thirc mQt each sau sac ding,chi co cUQc each mang duy nhat va tat yeu dar tOi duoc muc tieu giai phong

dan tQc, giai phong giai cap va toan the nhan loai khoi moi sl)' no djch, ap btrc,

Toan bQ cac nr tU'ang, ly lu~n (chiem mQt khOi lU'c;1ngan trong cac tac pham

cua NgU'Oi) ban ve cact: m~ng (chien luoc giai phap; ban ve ngU'oi each

mang va dao duc each mang, ve hnach dinh va thtrc hi~n cac chinh sach xa

hQi; ve ren Iuyen va giao due con ngU'Oi v.v ...) ve thtrc chat chl la sl)' cu the

hoa b~mg thtrc tien ur tU'ang ve con ngUai cua Ho Chi Minh.

Trang ur tU'ang Ho Chi Minh, con ngUai auac khai ni~m vira Id muctieu cLla sl/ nghi~p giai phong diin tc)c, giai phong xii hc)i, visa Id dc)ng II/c cLla

chinh sl/ nghi~p do. TU' tU'ang do diroc the hi~n rat tri~t de va cl:Jthe trong lylu~n chi dao each mang dan tQc dan chu nhan dan va xay dung chu nghla xa

hoi a nU'Octao. Trang ly lu~n ve xay dung che dQ mOi, HO Chu tich da khang dinh xay

dung che dQ dan chu nhan dan gan lien vOi vi~c thtrc hi~n bircc tien len chu

nghia xa hQi. Trang khang chien giai phong dan tQc can xay dung che dQ dan

chu nhan dan de day manh cong cUQc khang chien, dong thoi tao ra nhCrng

tien de cho vi~c xay dung chu nghla xa hQi; trong xay dung chu nghia xa hQi

can phai thtrc hi~n che dQ dan chu nhan dan, vi nhtr NgU'Oi noi: "Day la cUQc

chien dau khcng 10 chong l~i nhfrng cal gi da cii ky, hir hong, de tao ra

nhfrng cal mOi me, tOt nroi''. CUQCchien dau ay se khong di den thang lc;1i,neu khong "dua van ltrc luong cua toan dan". Ve chu nghla xa hQi, Ho Chi

Minh khong bao giO quan ni~m hinh thai xa hQi do nhtr mQt rna hinh hoan

chlnh, mQt cong thirc bat bien. Bao giO NgU'Oi cling coi trong nhirng dieu

ki~n kinh te, xa hQi, chinh tr] , van hoa khach quan. NgU'Oi chi de ra nhfrng

muc tieu cua cong cUQc xay dung chu nghla xa hQi vOi nhfrng bU'oc di thiet

thuc va nhirng nQi dung cO ban nhat, Theo NgU'Oi: "Noi mQt each tom tat,

mQc mac, chu nghia xa hQi truce het la lam cho nhan dan lao dQng thoat khoi

ban cung, lam cho moi ngU'Oi co cong an vi~c lam, duo c am no va dircc song

dOi hanh phtic"; "Chu nghla xa hQi la nham nang cao dOi song v~t chat va van

hoa cua nhan dan" xay dung chu nghia xa hQi nrc la lam cho nhan dan ta co mQtdoi song that sung sU'ong, tOt dep, NgU'Oi day xay dung chu nghla xa hQi

phai thiet thuc, phii hop vOi dieu ki~n khach quan, phai nam duoc quy lu~t

va phai biet v~n dung quy lu~t mQt each sang tao tren cO sa nam vCrng tinh

d~c thu, tranh giao dieu, r~p khuon may moe, Su' sang tao do gan gfii, nrong

dong, nhat quan vOi lu~n diem cua Angghen: "Doi vOi cluing ta, chu nghia

cQng san khong phai la trang thai can phai sang tao ra, khong phai la mQt ly

7



Ulang rna hi~n thuc phai khufm theo. Chung ta gol chu nghia eQng san la mQt

phong trao hi~n thuc, no xoa be trang thai hi~n nay". Vi v~y, khong chl trong

ly lu~n ve dau tranh gianh dQe l~p dan tQe rna c a trong ly lu~n xay dung chu

nghia xa hQi khi dinh ra nhCrng muc tH~ucua chu nghia xa hQi, t r u ce her , "eaneo eon ngU'Oi xa hQi chu nghia", HO Chi Minh da the hi~n nhat quan quan

diem ve eon ngU'Oi: eon ngUai 10.muc tiiu, dong thai vira 10.dQng tuc eua sl/

nghi~p giai ph6ng xii hQi vd giai ph6ng ehfnh ban than eon nguai.

Tam long HO Chi Minh luon htrong ve eon ngUai. NgU'Oi yeu thU'Ong

eon ngU'Oi, tin tU'ang eon ngU'Oi, tin va thU'Ong yeu nhan dan, t r uce het la

ngU'Oi lao dQng, nhan dan minh va nhan dan cac mroc, VOi HO Chi Minh, "long

tlurong yeu nhan dan, thuong yeu nhan loai" la "khong bao giO thay doi".

NgU'Oi eo mQt niem tin Ian a sere manh sang tao cua eon ngU'Oi. Long tin

manh li~t va vf t~n cua Ho Chi Minh van nhan dan, van nhCrng eon ngU'Oibinh

thuong da diroc hinh thanh rat sam. TLr nhCrng nam thang NgU'Oi bon ba tim

dU'ong cuu nircc, tham nhap, Ian IQn, tim hieu thuc te eUQe song va tam tU'cua nhCrng ngU'Oi dan lao dQng trong nU'oe va ruroc ngoai, NgU'Oi da khang

dinh: "Dang sau sl)' phuc tung tieu c u e , ngU'Oi Dong DU'Ong an giau mQt cai gi

dang soi sue, dang gao thet, va se bung nO mQt each ghe gam khi thOi co den"l.Tin van quan cluing, thea quan diem cua HO Chi Minh, dola mQt trong nhCrng

pham chat eO ban cua ngU'Oi eQng san. Va day ciing ehinh la eho khac can

ban, khac ve ehat, giCra quan diem cua Ho Chi Minh vOi quan diem cua cac

nha Nho yeu ntroc xU'akia (ke ca cac b~e si' phu tien bOi gan thOi vOi HO Chi

Minh) ve eon ngU'Oi. Neu nhU' quan diem cua HO Chi Minh: "Trong bau trOi

khong eo gi quy bang nhan dan. Trong the giOi khong eo gi manh bang ltrc

luong doan ket to an dan", thi cac nha Nho phong kien xU'a kia m~e dii eonhCrng tU' tU'ang tich cue "lay dan lam goe", mac dii ciing chu trU'Ong khoan

thU' sere dan", nhung quan diem cua ho moi chl dLrng l~i a eho eoi vi~e dua

van dan ciing nhtr mQt "ke sach'', mQt phtrong ti~n de thtrc hi~n muc dich "t r]

nutrc", "binh thien h~". Ngay ca nhCrng b~e si' phu tien bOi cua HO Chi Minh,

tuy la nhCrng ngU'Oi yeu nU'oe mQt each nhiet thanh, nhung ho chua eo mQt

quan diem dung dan va day du ve nhan dan, chua eo du niem tin van sere

manh cua quan cluing nhan dan. Quan die'm tin vdo dan, vdo nhan to eon

ngUai eua NgUai thong nhat vai quan diem eua Mae, Angghen, Lenin: "Quan

cnunq nhan dan 10.ngUai sang teo chiin ehfnh ra Ijeh sU".

Tin dan, dong thoi l~i het long thuong dan, tinh thuong yeu nhan dancua HO Chi Minh eo nguon goe sau xa t ir trong truyen thong dan tQe, truyen

thong nhan el i ngan dOi cua ngU'oi Vi~t Nam. Cling nhir bao nha Nho yeu nutrc

khac eo ciing quan diem "eli qudc la el i dan", nhung diem khac eO ban trong tU'

tU'ang "eli dan" cua NgU'Oi la tinh thU'Ong ay khong bao gio dung l~i a y there,

tU' tU'ang rna da tra thanh y ehi, quyet tam thtrc hi~n den ciing str nghiep giai

phong giai eap, giai phong dan tQe, giai phong nhan loai ean lao, xoa be dau

8



khO, ap birc bat cong gianh 19i tl/ do, nhan pham va gia t r ] lam nglloi cho con

ngU'Oi. a Ho Chi Minh, chu nghia yeu nU'Oc gan bo khong tach rOi vOi chu

nghia qudc te chan chinh, Tinh thuong yeu cfing nhtr toan bO ur tU'ang ve

nhan dan cua NgU'Oi khong b] gioi han trong chu nghia dan toc h~p hoi rna no

tOn t9i trong mOi quan h~ khang khit giCra c ac van de dan toc va giai cap,

qudc gia vOi qudc teo Yeu thuong nhan dan Vi~t Nam, NgU'Oi dong thoi yeu

tlurong nhan dan cac dan tOc b] ap birc tren toan the giOi. Trong sl/ nghiep lanh

d90 each mang, HO Chi Minh luon coi trong sire manh doan ket toan dan va

su dong tinh ung hO to Ian cua be ban khap nam chau, cua ca nhan 109i tien

bO. NgU'Oi cilng xac dinh sl/ nghiep each mang cua ruroc ta la mot bO phan

khong the tach rOi trong toan bO sl/ nghiep dau tranh giai phong nhan 109i tren

pham vi toan the giOi.

Tom 19i: Quan ni~m ve con nglloi, coi con nglloi 10.mQt thl/c the?thong

nhat cua "cai c a nhan" va "cdi xa hQi", con nglloi tOn t9i trong mOi quan h~

bi~n chUng giCrac a nhan vai cQng dong, dan tQc, giai cap, nhan 109i; yeuthllOng con nglloi, tin tllong tuy~t doi 0 con nglloi, coi con nglloi vira 10.muctieu, vira 10.dQng iu c cua sl/ nghi~p gicii phong xa hQi va gicii phong chinh

ban than con nglloi, do chinh lc 1 nhCrnglu~n diem ca ban trong tu tlldng ve

con nglloi cua H O Chi Minh. Xuat phat tir nhCrnglu~n die?mdung dan do,

trong khi tanh d90 nhan dan c a nllac tien hanh cUQca s « tranh giai phong dan

tQc vd xay dl/ng dat nllac, H o Chi Minh luon tin 0 dan, het long thllOng yeu,

quy tr9ng nhiu: dan, biet ttJ c turc va phat huy suc m9nh cua nbiui dan. TlI

tlldng ve con nglloi cua NgllOi thong qua thl/c tien aicti m9ng cua NgllOi

thong qua tnuc tien cad: m9ng da trO thanh mQt suc msnl: v~t chat to IO n va

10.nhiu: to quyet d!nh thang lc;1iua chinh sl/ nghi~p oicn m9ng ay.TU' nnrng ve con nglloi cua Ho Chi Minh dtra tren the giOi quan duy v~t

tri~t de cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin. Chinh vi xuat phat ur the giOi quan duy

v~t tri~t de ay, nen khi nhin nhan va danh gia vai tro cua ban than minh (vOi

nr ea ch la lanh tu), NgU'Oi khong bao giO cho minh la ngU'Oi giai phong nhan

dan. Theo quan diem cua Ho Chi Minh, ngU'Oi can bO (ke ca lanh tu) chi la

"day to trung thanh" co su menh phuc vu nhan dan, lanh tu chi la ngU'oi gop

phan vao str nghiep each mang cua quan cluing. TU' tU'ang nay da virot xa va

khac ve chat so vOi nr tU'ang "chan dan" cua nhCrng ngU'oi cam dau nha nutrc

phong kien co ur tU'ang yeu ruroc xU'a kia. Va day, cilng chinh la dieu da lam

nen chu nghia nhan van cao c a a HO Chi Minh, mot chu nghia nhan van congsan trong cOt each cua mOt nha hien triet phtrong Dong.

Dang Cong san Vi~t Nam do Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh sang l~p, lay chu

nghia Mac - Lenin va nr tU'ang HO Chi Minh lam nen tang nr tU'ang va kim chi

nam cho hanh dong. TU' tU'ang ve con nglloi c u a Dang Cong san Vi~t Nam

nhat quan vOi ur urong ve con nglloi cua Ho Chi Minh. Str nhat quan ay

duoc the hi~n qua dU'ong loi lanh d90 each mang va qua cac chu trtrong

9



chinh sach cua Bimg trong sUOt qua trinh Bimg lanh d90 cong eUQe dau tranh

giai phong dan tQe va xay dung chu nghia xa hQi a nUoe tao Trang sV nghiep

doi moi dat nUOe hi~n nay, ur urong do tiep tuc duoc Bang ta quan tri~t v~n

dung va phat trien. Con ngUoi Vi~t Nam dang la trung tam trong "chien luoc

phat trien toan di~n"; dang la dQng lu c cua cong cuoc xay dung xa hQi mOi

vOi muc tieu "dan giau, nUoe manh, xa hQi cong b~mg, van minh, vCrng butrc

di len chu nghia xa hQi".

Xay dl,l'ng €lang th~t sir tronq sach, "la dao dCrc, la van minh= la chu de cua CUQcv~n dQng "HQc

t~p va lam thea tam gllong dao duc He Chi Minh" nam 2010. €lay cCing chlnh la dieu rna sinh

thai Chu tlch He Chi Minh - nglloi sang I~p va ren luy~n €lang ta, luon luon quan tam sau sac.

Trang cang tac xay dl,l'ng €lang, mQt trong nhCmg cang vi~c Chu tlch He Chi Minh d~c bi~t quan

tam la xay dl,l'ng dQi ngO can bQ cua €lang. Nglloi cho rang muon vi~c thanh cang hay that bi;li

deu do can bQ tot hay kern, Nglloi luan doi hoi mOi nglloi can bQ, dang vien phai c6 dao duc

each manq, phai ket hop ch~t che dCrcva tat, trong d6 dCrc la goc. Thea nr tlJong cua Nglloi,

dao duc each rnanq la tuy~t doi trung thanh vOi €lang, vOi nhan dan, quyet tam suet doi dau

tranh cho €lang, cho each rnanq, bat k Y kh6 khan nao cOng kien quyet lam dung chlnh sach, nqh]

quyet cua €lang, lam gllong cho quan chunq, hoa mlnh vOi quan chung thanh mQt khoi, tin -hieu - lang nghe y kien cua quan chunq, t turc hi~n "can ki~m, liem chlnh, chi cang, va tu". Nglloi

coi dao dCrc la CQinguen cua nglloi each rnanq, Nglloi chi ro: Lam each rnanq de cai tao xa hQi

cOthanh xa hQi mOi la mQt su nghi~p rat ve vang, nhunq n6 cOng la mQt nhlem vu rat n~ng ne,

mQt cuoc dau tranh rat phirc tap, lau dai, gian khd, doi hoi nglloi each rnanq phai c6 dao dCrc

each rnanq lam nen tang, mOi hoan thanh dircc nhiern vu each rnanq,

Chu tlch He Chi Minh doi hoi nang cao dao duc each rnanq phai di dai vOi chong chu nghTa ca

nhan, Nglloi cho rang chu nghTa ca nhan trai ngllqc vOi dao duc each rnanq, "la me de ra rnoi

tfnh lur, t~t xau". Nglloi qoi chu nghTa ca nhan la "gi~c nQi xarn", "gi~c 0 trong long" va chong

chu nghTa ca nhan "Ia mQt cuoc each rnanq nQi bQ". Do d6 "thang Iqi cua chu nghTa xa hQi

khang the tach roi thang Iqi cua cuoc dau tranh chong chu nghTa ca nhan",

Trang qua trlnh lanh dao each rnanq, €lang da rat chu trQng lam thea loi day cua Nglloi, ren

luy~n nang cao dao dCrceach rnanq, chong chu nghTa ca nhan trong can bQ, dang vien. Tuynhien, tlnh tri;lng mQt bQ ph~n can bQ, dang vien suy thoai ve tu tlJong chlnh tr], dao duc 10i

song da va dang dien ra la rat nghiem tronq. Trang d6, mQt bQ ph~n khang nho can bQ, dang

vien, cang chirc trong h~ thong chlnh tr] da khang lam dllqc bon dieu day cua cno tlch He Chi

Minh la: Sieng nang, tiet ki~m, trong sach, chlnh dang. HQ da gay thi~t hal ve kinh te, xa roi

nhan dan, gay phien ha cho nhan dan, gay mat doan ket nQi bQ, d~c bi~t la lam giam sut niem

tin cua nhan dan doi vOi €lang.

Hi~n nay, toan €lang, toan dan ta dang ra sire t turc hi~n thang Iqi Ngh! quyet €li;li hQi Ian thu xcua €lang va tien hanh di;li hQi dang cac cap, chuan b] tien tOi €li;li hQi toan quoc Ian thu XI cua

€lang. Nhi~m vu quan tronq hang dau hi~n nay cua mOi can bQ, dang vien cua €lang la "phai

thl/C sl,l' tham nhuan di;lo dCrccach mi;lng, thl,l'c sl,l' can ki~m liem chinh, chi cang va tll ... Phai

gill' gin €lang ta th~t trong si;lch, phai xung dang la nglloi lanh di;lo, la nglloi day to th~t trung

thanh cua nhan dan" nhllioi cua Chu t!ch He Chi Minh da can d~n trong Di chuc.

A"" " ., ., ..l, ....

HOC TAP VA LAM THEO Ldl DAY CUA CHU TICH HO CHI MINH "CONG MINH,.,. , 'A • A f.. A

CHINH TRU'C, KHACH QUAN, THAN TRONG, KHIEM TON" TRONG CONG TAC• , .1 A 'f..,' '" ,.1 ,

THl!C HANH QUYEN CONG TO VA KIEM SAT £lIEU TRA AN AN NINH

LE TH! KIM OANH - Kiem sat vien VKSNDTC V~ 2 Vi~n kiem sat nhan dan tOi cao

10



1. Chu tich Ho Chi Minh la ngl1ai sang I~p, lanh dao va rem luy~n Dang ta, lanh dao va

dan dat toan Dang, toan dan ta dau tranh gianh thang loi ve vang nhu ngay nay. l.uc sinh thai

Ngl1ai hang quan tam va day cong xay dl!ng Dang ta thanh mQt khoi viing rnanh, trong sach,

cham 10 giao due dao dU'c each rnanq, dao tao, rem luy~n dQi ngO can bQ, dang vlen d~c bi~t la

the h~ tre tra thanh can ngl1ai vira hong vira chuyen, Trang cuoc song, Ngl1ai coi tronq ca dU'cva

tal, song dU'c la goc. Suot ca cuoc dai Ngl1ai hy sinh cho su nghi~p each rnanq, cho dan tQc dQc

I~p, cho cuoc song am no, hanh phuc cua nhan dan va cho toan nhan loal, Ngl1ai danh tat ca tlnh

yeu thl10ng cho dong baa, dong chi, gia, tre, gai, trai, mien xuci, mien ngl1c;1c,Bac cOng nhu Nam.

Moi mQt bai n6i, bai viet, moi lai can d~n, mQt bu5i g~p go, cong tao cua Ngl1ai deu chira dl!ng 'InghTa tl1 tl1ang, hanh vi va quan h~ dao dU'c each rnanq sang ngai. Can ngl1ai, cuoc dai va su

nghi~p each manq cua Ngl1ai deu la tam gl10ng dao dU'ccho toan Dang, toan dan ta hoc t~p suot

dai.

Trang suot cuoc dai hoat dQng each manq, Chu t!ch Ho Chi Minh d~c bi~t quan tam vi~c

boi dl10ng nang cao dao dU'c each rnanq doi voi can bQ, dang vien. Ngl1ai xac djnh lam each

rnanq d~ cai tao xa hQi cOthanh xa hQi rndl, la su nghi~p rat ve vang, nhl1ng n6 cOng la nhlern vu

rat n~ng ne, mQt cUQCdau tranh rat phirc tap, lau dai, gian kh5. SU'c c6 rnanh moi ganh dtroc

n~ng va di dl1c;1Ca. Ngl1ai each m~ng phai c6 dao dU'ceach m~ng lam nen tang rnoi hoan thanh

dl1c;1Chi~m vu each rnanq ve vang. Dao dU'ceach rnanq khong phal tu tren trai sa xuong, n6 do

dau tranh, rem luy~n ben b l hang ngay rna phat tri~n va cung co, cOng nhl1"ngQc canq rnai canq

sang, vanq canq luy~n canq trong". C6 dao dU'c each rnanq thl g~p kh6 khan gian kh5 that bai

cOng khong so set, rut re, lui btrdc, VI Ic;liIch chung cua Dang, cua each rnanq, cua giai cap, cua

dan tQc va cua loai ngl1ai rna khong ng~i ngan hy sinh tat ca Ic;liIch rieng cua ca nhan mlnh. C6

dao dU'ceach rnanq thl g~p thuan loi va thanh cong cOng giii viing tinh than chiu dl!ng gian kh5,

10 hoan thanh tot nhlern vu chir khong ken cira ve m~t hl1ang thu, khong cong than, khong quan

lieu, khong kieu nqao. Thea Ngl1ai thl can, ki~m, liem, chlnh, chi cong va tu la ph~m chat dao dU'c

trung tam cua dao dU'ceach rnanq, Ngl1ai da can d~n "Dang ta la mQtDang cam quyen, moi dang

vien va can bQ phai trurc sir tham nhuan dao dU'c each rnanq, phai thirc su can ki~m, liem chlnh,

chi cong va tl1. Phai giii gin Dang ta th~t trong sach, phai xU'ng dang la ngl1ai lanh dao, la ngl1ai

da y to trung thanh cua nhan dan".

Trang moi ITnhvirc cong tac, doi voi moi doi tl1c;1ngkhac nhau Bac Ho deu c6 nhiing tl1

tl1ang t1nh cam, lai day rat sau sac cl,l th~, Bac hi~u ro dtroc d~c tnrnq, nhi~m vu d~c thu cua tung

dQi ngO can bQ d~ d~t ra nhiing yeu cau ve ph~m chat, dU'c tfnh rieng do boi earth yeu cau nhi~m

vu cl,l th~ rna chi c6 Ngl1ai voi tam nhln xa trong rQng rnoi due ket thanh nhiing bai viet, lai n6i

chira dl!ng nhiing nr tl1ang rat ldn, rat sau sac.

Trang ITnhvue dau tranh phong, chong tQi pharn, Ngl1ai nhan ro dl1c;1Cai tro quan tronq

cua phap lu~t trong dai song xa hQi, coi phap lu~t la phuonq ti~n d~ duy trl sue rnanh cua Nha

rurdc, Bac Ho kh~ng d!nh phap lu~t cua chung ta baa v~ quyen tl! do dan chu cua nhan dan lao

dQng dong thai dau tranh lo~i bo ap bU'cbat congo Trang thl1 gUi HQi ngh! cong tac tl1 phap thang

02/1948, Ngl1ai viet "can bQ tl1 phap phai tuy~t doi trung thanh" va "cac b~n la nhiing ngl1ai phl,l

trach thi hanh lu~t phap, Ie tat nhien cac b~n phai neu cao tam gl10ng "phl,lng cong thu phap" chi

cong va tl1 cho nhan dan noi thea". Doi voi nhiing hanh vi ph~m tQi, Bac c6 thai dQ chi d~o xli 1 '1

11



ro rang "neu lam gL10ngkhong xong thl phai dung phap lu~t rna tri", NgL1ai yeu cau moi t6 clurc

Dang, chfnh quyem, doan th~ ... phai tri~t d~ chap hanh phap lu~t, bat k~ ngL1ainao vi pharn cOng

phai dL1Qcxli IV nghiem minh. NgL1aikh~ng dinh dau tranh chong tQi pharn la nhi~m vu trc;>ngtam

cua cac nqanh tL1phap, tuy nhien cOng khong th~ sao nhang van de phonq nglta. NgL1ain6i "xet

xli la tot nhL1ngneu khong phai xet xli thl cang tot hon", Quan di~m tL1tL1dngd6 cua NgL1aida d~t

nen m6ng cho vi~c hlnh thanh phL10ngcham lay giao due thuyet phuc la chfnh va luon coi trc;>ng

cong tac phonq nglta trong cong tao dau tranh xli IV tQi pham cua Dang va Nha nL1dCao

2. Nganh Ki~m sat nhan dan dL1QcDang, Nha nL1dCva nhan dan giao cho chirc nang thirc

hanh quyen cong to va ki~m sat cac hoat dQng tL1phap, Trong ITnhvl!c hlnh sir, nqanh Ki~m sat

la mQt trong nhiing co quan tnrc tiep dau tranh phonq chong tQi pham bao dam phap che xa hQi

chu nghTa, bao dam quyen tl! do dan chu cua cong dan, dong thai thay m~t Nha nL1dCtruy to

ngL1aipham tQi ra tnroc Toa an va bao dam cac heat dQng dieu tra tuy to, xet xli, thi hanh an hlnh

sir, thuc hi~n dL1Qcdung quy dinh cua phap lu~t. Day la chirc nang, nhi~m vu d~c thu cua nqanh

Ki~m sat, do v~y can bQ Ki~m sat phai c6 nhiing ph~m chat dao dlic tot d~ thuc hi~n nhiern vu.

D~ thuc hi~n chirc nang, nhi~m vu dL1Qcgiao, ngL1aiKi~m sat khong chi c6 nhiing ph~m chat dao

dlic cua ngL1ai can bQ n6i chung la "Can, ki~m, liem, chfnh, chf cong vo tu", phai c6 nhiing rnuc

lieu, IV tL1dngcao dep "Trung vdi nL1dC,hieu vdi dan, nhiern vu nao cOng hoan thanh, kh6 khan

nao cOng VL1Qtqua ... " rna can phai c6 5 dlic tfnh "Cong minh, chfnh tnrc, khach quan, th~n tronq,

khiern ton" nhL1lai day cua NgL1aidoi vdi can bQ nqanh Ki~m sat.

Trai qua 47 narn xay dl!ng va trL1dngthanh, du da c6 nhiing thay d6i ve chirc nang, nhi~m

vu, quyen han cua Vi~n ki~m sat cho phu hop Vdi qua trlnh phat tri~n cua dat nL1dCqua cac thai

ky nhL1nglai day cua Bac Ho doi vdi can bQ Ki~m sat van can nguyen gia trioTrong giai doan hi~n

nay, d~ thirc hi~n tot chirc nang, nhi~m vu cua Vi~n ki~m sat trong boi canh cai each tL1phap d

nL1dCa dang dL1Qctien hanh thl vi~c hoc tap va lam theo lai day cua Chu tich Ho Chf Minh dL1Qc

coi la nhi~m vu thL1angxuyen va rat can thiet doi vdi can bQ cua nqanh Ki~m sat.

3. Tlt thirc tien cong tao thl!c hanh quyen cong to va ki~m sat dieu tra an an ninh trong

nhiing nam qua c6 th~ thay rang doi vdl dQi ngO Ki~m sat vien, can bQdL1Qcphan cong thirc hi~n

khau cong tao nay, vi~c van dunq dung va thirc hi~n day du 5 dlic tfnh cua ngL1aican bQ Ki~m sat

c6 V nghTa quan trcnq trong qua trlnh giai quyet cac vu an xam pham an ninh quoc gia g6p phan

bao dam vi~c xli IVvu an dung ngL1ai, dung tQi, dung phap lu~t, khong bo lot tQi pharn va ngL1ai

pharn tQi, khong lam oan ngL1aivo tQi.

Dau tranh chong va phong nglta cac tQi xarn pharn an ninh quoc gia la mQt nhi~m vu

quan trc;>ngrong chien IL1QCao v~ an ninh lanh th6, g6p phan bao dam 6n dinh va phat tri~n che

dQ chfnh trio Day la mQt nhi~m vu c6 khong It kh6 khan phirc tap, doi hoi ngL1aican bQ Ki~m sat

khong chi nam viing phap lu~t va nghi~p vu cong tac ki~m sat rna can phai c6 ban ITnhchfnh tr]

viing vang, v~n dl,lng dung dan cac quan di~m tL1tL1dng,chi dao cua Dang trong giai quyet cac vu

vi~c cl,l th~ d cac thai di~m xac dinh. Trong qua trlnh thirc hi~n chirc trach, nhi~m vu dL1Qcphan

cong, can bQ, Ki~m sat vien lam cong tac ki~m sat dieu tra an an ninh luon tham nhuan tL1tL1dng

chi dao d6, tham nhuan lai day cua Bac Ho, nhat la tL1tL1dng"khach quan, th~n trc;>ng"va v~n

dl,lng vao hot;l.tdQng thl!c tien d~ dt;l.thi~u qua cao nhat.

Cung vdi Co quan dieu tra, cong tac thl!C hanh quyen cong to va ki~m sat dieu tra an an

ninh da g6p phan phat hi~n va xli IV kip thai cac vl,l an xam pht;l.man ninh quoc gia, tri~t pha

12



nhieu t6 chirc phan each m~ng c6 sir m6c noi giiia cac phan tli bat man, tieu eire a trong ruroc vai

cac t6 chirc phan dQng ngl1di Vi~t luu vong c6 su tiep tay cua cac the II!C thu dlch a rurdc nqoal,

Trong ITnhvl!c an ninh tu tl1ang - van hoa da phoi hop chat che vai cac nqanh phan loal va xli Iy

nhieu vu bon phan dQng dQi lot ton giao, nhan sTtrf thllc d~ hoat dQng tuyen truyen, xuyan tao sir

that, kfch dQng h~n thu pha hoal chfnh sach doan ket dan tQc, ton giao ... Cac vu tuyen truyen,

tan phat cac ta i li~u phan dQng, cac an ph§:m van hoa dQc h~i dl1c;1Cip thdi phat hi~n va xli Iy

nghiem khac tnroc phap lu~t, c6 tao dunq giao due phonq nglta.

Tuy nhlen, trong giai doan hi~n nay khi ruroc ta hQi nhap quoc te, vdl nhiing thdi co va

thach thirc mol, yeu cau cua sir nghi~p each m~ng va yeu cau cl,l th~, tnrc tiep cua cong tao dau

tranh phonq chong tQi pham, giii viing ky wdng phap che doi hoi ngl1di can bQ Ki~m sat phai c6

nhan thirc dung dan hen va tfch CI!C, chll dQng, sang tao hen trong khi thirc hi~n nhlern vu cong

tac cua mlnh.

MQt van de rat quan tronq trong xli Iy tQi pharn xam pharn an ninh quoc gia la vi~c phan

hoa doi tl1c;1ngpharn tQi. Doi tl1Qngpharn tQi xam pham an ninh quoc gia khong chi la nhiing phan

tli chong doi vai y thirc giai cap sau sac rna can ca nhiing ngl1di rno ho ve I~p trl1dng giai cap, la

su ngQ nh~n nhat thdi ve chfnh tr], tham chf b] mua chuoc, loi keo bai nhiing nhu cau v~t chat tam

thl1dng, ngoai nhiing ke chll rnuu, cam dau thl c6 khong It nhiing ngl1di lao dQng khong c6 vi~c

lam, nhiing ngl1di c6 hoan canh kh6 khan dan den vi~c pham tQi. Vi~c xem xet tfnh chat vu an,

hoan canh va nhan than cua ngl1di pharn tQi d~ c6 bi~n phap xli Iy dung dan khong chi c6 y nghTa

cam hoa va giao due ngl1di pham tQi rna can de cao tfnh nhan van cua phap lu~t Nha ruroc tao

Nhiing thanh tfch ket qua da dat dl1c;1Cay nhiing ton tal, yeu kern cua cong tac thirc hanh

quyen cong to va ki~m sat dieu tra an an ninh la sir phan anh chat Il1Qngcua ngl1di can bQ. Ngoai

nhiing yeu cau ve "tam - dllc" thl cong tao thirc hanh quyen cong to va ki~m sat dieu tra an an

ninh doi hoi ngl1di can bQ Ki~m sat phai c6 nhiing tl1 duy chfnh tr] sau sac d~ c6 th~ v~n dl,lng

dung dan chfnh sach, quan di~m cua Dang vao vi~c xli Iy cac vu vi~c cl,l th~.

Giai quyet mQt vu vi~c xarn pharn an ninh quoc gia khong chi la sir van dl,lng mQt each

"khuon phep" nhiing quy dlnh cua phap lu~t hlnh sir ma trong mQt giai han nhat dlnh n6 can la su

t6ng hop cac yeu to chfnh tr] - phap lu~t - xa hQi, d~ hra chon mQt quyet dinh dung dan. D6 cOng

la nhiing yeu cau doi hoi ngl1di can bQ Ki~m sat phal c6 ban ITnh, trf tu~, c6 tu duy each rnanq

khoa hoc, c6 ph§:m chat trong sang, thl!C hi~n tot Idi day cua Bac Ho "Cong minh, chfnh true,

khach quan, than tronq, khiern ton" d~ thirc hi~n tot chirc trach nhi~m vu diroc Dang va Nha ruroc

giao ph6.

Muon lam quan each miilln9, phai eai each tlnh net cua mlnh truoe tien"19:4' 7/11/2006

cnu tich He Chf Minh luon quan tam cham 1 0 giao due Iy wong each rnanq, bei dlfang, ren

luy~n dao duc cho dQi ngO can bQ, dilng vien. He Chf Minh hieu sau sac vai tro to Ian cua dao

d(rc trong doi song xa hQi, nhat la trong nhan each nglfoi can bQ, dilng vien. Bang chfnh tam

glfang cua mlnh va bang rat nhieu bai n6i va viet, Nglfoi da d~t nen m6ng xay dl,f'ng nen di;1O

d(rc cach mi;mg.

Ti;li buoi be mi;lc HQi nghi can bQ clla Dang Ian thu sau (khoa I, ngay 18-1-1949), Nglfoi

can d~n can bQ, dang vien: "Muon lam cach mi;lng, phai cai cach tfnh net clla mlnh trlfaC

tien"(l). Ban than Nglfoi, suot ca cUQc doi Nglfoi neu glfang mau ml/C ve di;lo dCrccach mi;lng V I

nlfaC, V I dan.

13



£)e cao y truro cong dong va gia tr] dao dLrc da tro thanh truyen th6ng t6t dep cua dan

toc Vi~t Nam. Ca ngqi tam glfang dao dLrc cua V.l.Lenin, Ho Chf Minh da viet: "Khong phai chi

thien tai cua Nglfoi, rna chfnh la tfnh coi khinh sir xa hoa, tinh than yeu lao dong, doi nr trong

sang, nep s6ng gian d], tom l<;Iila dao dLrc vTd<;liva cao dep cua nglfoi thay, da anh hlfong Ion

lao tOi cac dan toc Chau a va da khien cho trai tim cua ho hlfong ve Nglfoi va khong gl ngan can

noi"(2).

TLr logic bi~n chCrng "each menh tnroc het phai co £)ang each menh", "can bO la cal g6ccua rnoi cong vlec", "muon vi~c thanh cong hoac that bai deu do can bOt6t hoac kern", va "huan

luy~n can bO la cong vi~c g6c cua £)ang", HO Chf Minh xac djnh: Khi da co dlfong hlfong dung

thl rnoi vi~c t6t hay xau deu do can bO. Co can bO t6t thl thanh cong, khong co can bO t6t thl

hong vi~c. Can bO t6t, theo Nglfoi, bao ham ca dLrc va tai trong do dLrc la g6c. Trau doi dao dLrc

V I the la yeu cau nen tang het SLrCquan trQng khong the thieu d6i vOi can bO, dang vien cua

£)ang. Ho Chf Minh can d~n: "Nglfoi can bO each rnanq phai co dao dLrc each manq, Phai giCr

vCrng dao dLrc each rnanq mOi la nglfoi can bO each rnanq chan chfnh ... MQi vi~c thanh hay la

b<;lichu chot la do can bO co tham nhuan dao dLrc each rnanq hay la khong"(3).

Nglfoi chi ro: "Trlfoc m~t quan chunq, khong phai ta CLrviet len tran chCr"cong san" rna

ta dlfqc ho yeu men. Quan chunq chi quy men nhCrngnglfoi co tu each, dao dLrc"(4), "£)ang vien

va can bO cCing la nglfoi. Ai cCing co tfnh t6t va tfnh xau. Song da hieu het, da tlnh nguy~n vao

mot dang V I ruroc V I dan, da la nglfoi each rnanq thl cO'g~lng phat trien nhCrngtfnh t6t va sua bo

nhCrng tfnh xau. VI tfnh xau cua mot nglfoi thlfong chi co hal cho nglfoi do; can tfnh xau cua

mot dang vien, mot can bO se co hal cho £)ang, co hal den nhan dan"(5). "Lam each rnanq de

cal tao xa hOi cO thanh mot xa hOi mOi la mot su nghi~p rat ve vang, nhunq no cOng la mot

nhiem vu rat n~ng ne, mot cuoc dau tranh rat phirc tap, lau dai, gian kho. SLrc co manh mOi

ganh dlfqc n~ng va di dlfqc xa. Nglfoi each rnanq phai co dao dLrc each rnanq lam nen tang,

mOi hoan thanh dlfqc nhi~m vu each rnanq ve vang"(6). Can bO, dang vien phai coi vi~c tu

dlfong ren luy~n dao dLrc la van de thlfong xuyen va su6t doi. £)<;10dLrc each rnanq khong phai

tren troi sa xu6ng, rna do dau tranh, ren luy~n ben bl hang ngay rna phat trien va cung cO', cOng

nhtr nqoc canq rnai canq sang, vang cang luy~n canq trong. Tu dlfong, ren luy~n, sua doi tfnh

net cua mlnh phai thong qua hoat dong thirc tien, ben bl rnoi luc, rnoi nol, trong rnoi dieu ki~n,

hoan canh,

HO Chf Minh xac dlnh: "£)<;10dLrc each rnanq la vo lu~n trong hoan earth nao cOng phai

quyet tam dau tranh, ch6ng rnoi ke dlch, luon luon chien dau, quyet khong chlu khuat phuc,

khong chiu cui dau"(7). Nglfoi doi hoi can bO cua £)ang phai luon hQClay b6n dLrc "can, ki~m,

liem, chfnh". Neu nhir "trung vOi ruroc, hieu vOi dan" la pham chat xuyen su6t, phan anh m6iquan h~ giCraca nhan vOi To qu6c va nhan dan thl can, ki~m, liem, chfnh la pham chat nen tang

de thuc hi~n "trung vOi ruroc, hieu vOi dan". No phan anh m6i quan h~ "tl/ mlnh d6i vOi mlnh" nr

ren luy~n trong hoat dong h2lng ngay de hlnh thanh nhCrng pham chat t6t dep dap Lrngyeu cau,

tieu chuan ve dao dLrc nglfoi can bO cua £)ang.

Trong xa hOi ton t<;lidan xen nhieu Iqi fch kMc nhau, giCraIqi fch chung va Iqi fch rieng,

Iqi fch ca nhan va Iqi fch t~p the - xa hOi, Iqi fch trlfoc mat va Iqi fch lau dai, Iqi fch v~t chat va Iqi

fch tinh than ... Cac Iqi fch nay luon lien quan ch~t che vOi nhau. La nglfoi can bo cua £)ang phai

giai quyet hai hoa cac Iqi fch do va m6i quan h~ giCranglfoi vOi nglfoi. £)<;10dLrCcach m<;lngluon

doi hoi: "Moi can bO, dang vien phai d~t Iqi fch cua cach m<;lng, cua £)ang cua nhan dan len tren

het, trlfoc het"(8). HO Chf Minh thlfong nhac nho can bO, dang vien phai dau tranh vOi chu nghTa

ca nhan, V I no la mot thLr "gi~c noi xam" rat nguy hiem. Do chu nghTa ca nhan ma de ra cac tlf

tlfong sai I~ch, cac thoi hlf t~t xau nhlf: Tham lam, IlfOi bieng, kieu ng<;lo, ham dia vi. thieu ky

lu~t, oc lanh tl,l, keo be keo canh, b~nh c~n thi khong biet nhln xa trong rOng. Chu nghTa ca nhantrai nglfqc vOi d<;lodLrCcach m<;lng. No rat gian giao, xao quy~t, kheo do danh nglfoi ta di xu6ng

d6c, V I the ma no rat nguy hiem, can phai dau tranh trLr bo no. Ban than mOi can bO, dang vien,

d~c bi~t la nhCrngnglfoi co chLrc, co quyen phai tl/ mlnh nhln nh~n l<;Iimlnh va lang nghe y kien

dong gop cua quan chung, tLrdo sua mlnh va sua nglfoi, nang cao chat Ilfqng cong vi~c va de

dlfqc quan chung tin men. Bac Ho can d~n: "Trong cong tac, trong tranh dau, trong huan luy~n,

cac dang vien, can bO can phai luon tl/ hoi minh, tl,l' kiem diem mlnh va dong chf mlnh. Luon

dung va kheo dung cach phe blnh va tl/ phe blnh, thl khuyet diem nhat dinh het dan, lfu diem

nhat dinh them len va £)ang ta nhat dinh se thang Iqi"(9).

14



Thl,fC hi~n dlfong 10i doi mai cua £lc?mg,dat ruroc ta da thu d uo c thanh U,1tJo Ian va

quan tronq: Kinh te tang trlfong kha, van hoa, xa hQi co nhieu tien bQ, doi song nhan dan tiep

tuc rnrcc cai thi~n, tlnh hlnh chfnh trj-xa hQi on djnh, quoc phonq, an ninh dlfqc tang clfong,

cong tac xay dl/llg, chlnh don £lang dlfqc chu tronq, h~ thong chfnh tr ] diroc cung co; quan h~

doi nqoai khong ngung duoc mo rQng, uy tfn cua Vi~t Nam tren tnronq qu t ic te ngay canq nang

cao. Nhiing thanh U,I'udo tnroc het la nho dlfong 10i doi mai dung dan, su dong gop cua toan

dan, su ung hQ cua be ban quoc te, dong thoi la su dong gop cua cac the h~ can bQ, dang viencua £lang.

Trlfac t1nh hlnh chong pha cua cac the nrc thu dlch va m~t trai cua COche th] trlfong ...

hi~n nay nhiing bieu hi~n hu hong ve dao duc, 10i song trong mQt bQ ph~n can bQ, nhan dan

dang co chieu hlfang tram trQng han. cac t~ nan xa hQi, t~ tham nhOng, huon I~u, lam an phi

phap dang dien ra pho bien a nhieu nci, Sl,I' bien chat cua mQt bQ ph~n khong nho can bQ, dang

vien dang lam giam sut uy tfn ve vai tro lanh dao cua £lang, quan 19cua Nha ruroc. Thirc tr~ng

do tUng dlfqc £lang ta chi ro trong nhieu van ki~n.

VI v~y, vi~c boi dlfong, ren luy~n dao dLrc each rnanq cho can bQ, dang vien noi chung,

can bQ, dang vien trong quan dQi noi rieng vira la yeu cau thlfong xuyen, dong thoi mang tfnh

cap thiet. £le thirc hi~n duoc yeu cau do, doi hoi phai tien hanh dong bQ nhieu giai phap:

Tiep U:JCtien hanh nqhiern tuc vi~c hoc t~p Chu nghia Mac-Lenin, Ttr tlfong Ho Chf

Minh, nharn nang cao nh~n tturc, trach nhiem trong tu dlfong, ren luy~n pham chat, dao duc

each rnanq cua nglfoi can bQ, dang vien.

Thuc hi~n tot cac bi~n phap chong suy thoai pham chat dao dLrc cua can bQ, dang vien,

trong do ca nhan phai nr tu dlfong, ren luy~n di doi vai su giao due, kiem tra cua t~p the.

so dunq dong bQ h~ thong qiarn sat can bQ, dang vien, nhat la su qiam sat cua to chirc

dang, nhan dan va cong lu~n doi vai pham chat dao dLrc, 10i song cua can bQ, dang vien trong

cac co quan dang, nha ruroc, d~c bi~t la nhiing can bQ chu chat.

cac cap uy dang va nglfoi dCrngdau cac co quan, cac nqanh nr Trung lfong den co so

phai chju trach nhiern chong tham nhOng, tieu eire a nOi mlnh phu trach,

Ngan nglra, sua crura sai lam khuyet diem, tu dlfong, ren luy~n dao dLrc each rnanq cua

can bQ, dang vien la nhlem vu cua toan £lang rna tnrc tiep la to chirc COso dang, cua moi chi

bQ nhunq tnroc het la trach nhlem cua moi can bQ, dang vien. Thau sutit Ttr tlfong Ho Chf Minh

"muon lam each rnanq, phai cal each tfnh net cua mlnh tnroc tien", quan tri~t Nghi quyet Dai hQi

x, cac nqh] quyet ve xay dl,l'ng, chlnh don £lang se gop phan xay dl,l'ng dQi ngO can bQ, dang

vien vira "hong" vira "chuyen" thirc su la dQi tien phong cua giai cap cong nhan va cua dan tQc

Vi~t Nam.

Can bQ, dang vien th,t s L ! gUO'ngmau t,n tuy' phuc vl:I nhan danc~p nh~t: ThCrba, 2/2/2010 I 7:48:10 Sang

Miia xuan nam 1960, ti[liL e ky ni~m 30 nam

ngay Dang ra dOi, Chu tlch H o Chi Minh noi:H e con co mQt ngU'OiVi~t Nam b] boc lQt, b]

nghen nan, thi Dang van dan thU'Ong, cho do la

viminh chU'a lam tren nhi~m vl:I.

Can bQtre lam vi~c ti;l i bQ phan "mQtcira" thanh

pho Bac Giang.

Cho nen Dilng vira 10 tinh cong vi~e IOn nhU'dOi nen kinh te va van hoa li;leh~u cua

ninrc ta thanh mQt nen kinh te va van hoa tien tien, dong thai li;li lufm quan tam den

nhtrng vi~e nho nhU' tutrng ea mam muoi d~n thiet eho dai song h~lng ngay eua nhan

dan . NgU'ai khang d!nh: Dang ta la di;lo due, la van minh vi Dang ta phan dau, lanh di;lO

15



va doan ket toan dan dau tranh each mang giiH ph6ng dan tOc, xay dung chu nghia xa

hOi deu nham dem li;ii loi ich cho nhan dan. Dilng ta V I di;ii nhU'bien rong, nhU'mii cao.

TU ngay mOi ra dOi, Dang ta da gurong cao ngon cO each mang, doan ket va lanh dao

toan dan ta tien len dau tranh giai ph6ng dan toc, giai ph6ng giai cap. Mau cO do cua

Dang ch6i IQi nhtr m~t trOi mOi moe, xe tan cai man den tOi, soi dU'ong dan IOi cho

nhan dan ta vCrngbU'oc tien len con dU'ong thang lei,

La ngU'Oi sang l~p va ren luyl~!nDang ta, Chu t ic h H O Chi Minh d~c biet cham 10 xay

dung Dang ta th~t sl! trong sach, vCrngmanh, th~t sl! xtrng dang la ngU'oi lanh dao,

ngU'Oiday to th~t trung thanh cua nhan dan. NgU'Oiyeu cau: MOi dang vien ta phai la

met chien sl tich eire gtrong mau, xtrng dang vOi long tin c~y cua Dang va cua nhan

dan. MOi chi bO ta phai la mot hat nhfin vCrngchac, lanh dao dong bao thi dua yeu

nutrc, can kiem xfiy dung nU'Ocnha, MOi cap uy Dang phai la dong cO manh me thiic

day phong trao each mang soi noi tien len. Trung U'Onghtra se dem het tinh than va lire

IU'qng de lanh dao toan Dang, toan dan hoan thanh thang lqi nhfrng nhiem vu rna Di;ii

hOi da quyet dinh,

Chu t i ch HO Chi Minh day rang, nhan dan c hl quy trong nhfrng ngU'oi can bO, dang

vidn th~t su' vi dan, vi nU'Oc.Can bO, dang vien cua Dang du 0 cU'Ongvi nao ciing phai

ra sire phan dau lam tron nhiem vu Dang giao ph6 cho minh va khong chi neu cao tinh

than chju tnich nhiem trU'OcDang, trU'Oc dan rna con vU'Onlen lam tam guong cho

moi ngU'Oinoi theo. Trong sUOtcuoc dOi "tU bUOithieu nien cho den plnit cudi cimg"

Bac HO da phan dau, ren luyen th~t su' la tam gimng dao duc each mang t~n tuy phuc

vu each mang, phuc vu To qudc, phuc vu nhan dan. NgU'Oiday cluing ta: Lam each

mang la de cai tao xa hOi cti thanh xa hOi mOi, la mot su' nghiep rat ve yang, nhung n6

ciing la mOt nhiem vu rat n~ng ne, mOt cuoc dau tranh rat phtrc tap, lau dai, gian khO.

Do d6, ngU'Oieach mang phai c6 dao duc each mang lam nen tang mOi hoan thanh

duoc nhiem vu each mang ve yang. Can, kiem, liem, chinh la nhirng dire tinh din banrna moi can bO, dang vien cua Dang phai thutrng xuyen ren luyen, tu dU'ong de uu

diem ngay cang nhieu, khuyet diem sai lam ngay cang it. Bac HO con d~c biet coi

trong viec ren luyen dao duc cho can bO, dang vien trong thuc tien san xuat, cong tac,

trong phong t r ao each mang va trong cuoc song thutmg ngay, NgU'Oicho rang, dao duc

each mang khfmg phai tren trOi sa xuong rna do dau tranh, ren luyen ben bl hang ngay

rna c6. Cilng nhtr ngoc cang mai cang sang, yang cang luyen cang trong. Nhfrng khi each

mang g~p kh6 khan thi dao due each mang cua ngU'Oican bO, dang vien la quyet tam

bat ky kh6 khan den mire nao cilng kien quyet lam dung chinh sach va ngh] quyet cua

Dang, lam gurrng cho quan cluing. Theo d6, ngU'Oican bO, dang vien phai nang cao

tinh than trach nhiem trU'oc nhan dan, tnnrc Dang, luon d~t lqi ich cua Dang, cua

nhan dan len tren lqi ich ca nhfin, TrU'Ochie di xa, Chu tjch HO Chi Minh con can d~n:Dang ta la mOt dang cam quyen, MOi dang vien va can bO phai tham nhuan dao duc

each mang, th~t su' can kiem liem chinh, chi cong vo tU'.Phai giCrgin dang ta th~t trong

sach, phai xtrng dang la ngU'oi lanh dao, la day to th~t trung thanh cua nhan dan.

Tham nhuan ur urong HO Chi Minh va thuc hien sang tao Di c lu i c cua NgU'Oi, 80 nam

qua, dU'Oi1.1cO "doc l~p dan toc va chu nghia xa hOi" Dang da dean ket va lanh dao

toan dan dau tranh gianh dOc l~p dan tOc, thong nhat dat nuoc , han gan cac vet thirong

16



chien tranh, xfiy dung chu nghia xa hQi, tien hanh dOi mai, chu dQng hQi nhap de sam

thoat khoi nL1ac ngheo, sanh vai cac cL10ngqucc nam chau, tien cling nhfin loai trong ky

nguyen toan d~u hoa,

Trong CUQCv~n dQng "HQc t~p va lam thea tam gtrong dao dliC HO Chi Minh", Dangta yeu d~u moi can bQ, dang vien d~n ra sue hoc t~p va lam thea tam gL10ngHO Chi

Minh da het long xa than vi lqi ich cua nhan dan, cua dat mroc, neu gtrong virot moi

kho khan, t~n tu y phuc vu nhan dan. Nam 2010 la nam th114 cua CUQcv~n dQng ciing

la nam tien hanh di;li hQi Dang cac cap tien tai Dai hQi XI cua Dang, vi~c neu girong

t~n tuy phuc vl) nhfin dan cua can bQ, dang vien co y nghia rat thiet thuc rna mQt trong

nhfrng tieu chi de danh gia chat Itrong to chirc dang va dang vien la thai dQ va chat

IL1qngphuc vu nhfin dan, gop phan nang cao chat ltrcng cUQcsong cua nhan dan.

Trong sinh hoar dang, neu girong dao dliC cua ngL10idang vien mroc het la phat huytinh than dan chu, thutrng xuyen va th~t tha nr phf binh va phf binh de giCrgin su' dean

ket cua Dang, chong thoai hoa bien chat, gop phan chlnh don li;liDang, nang cao nang

luc lanh dao va nang lire cam quyen cua Dang trong dieu ki~n ljch slt mrri,

Neu gL10ngdao due cua ngL10idang vien quan trong nhat la noi di lien vai lam va lam

co hi~u qua de dem li;li lqi ich cho nhan dan, cho dat nuoc, Noi va lam thea ngh] quyet

va chinh sach, phap luat la yeu cau hang dau dOi vai dang vien, NgL10i can bQ lanh

dao va quan ly thi cang phai girong mau neu cao tinh than can ki~m liem chinh, chi

cong vf tL1,kien quyet va khon kheo trong dau tranh chong tham nhiing lang phi, quan

lieu de giCrvOng danh hi~u dang vien trong dieu ki~n phat trien kinh te th ] tnrong, hQi

nhap, rna cira,

NgL10i dang vien hi~n nay con can neu gL10ngxfiy dung gia dinh hanh phiic, gia dinh

van hoa, Cham 10 xay dung gia dinh kieu mau ve van hoa cua ngL10i dang vien se lamhi;lt nhfin xdy dung cac cQng dong dan cL1hoa thuan, van minh, dean ket xfiy dung cUQc

song mai, lam cho cuoc song tOt dep cam re, Ian toa tren moi vung mien cua To quoc

ta, ca a nhfrng thfm cling, xom yang ciing dL1qcno du ve v~t chat, am ap ve tinh than,

tinh cam, diroc huong nhfrng thanh qua cua dOi mai, co cuoc song vui tL10i,Ianh

manh,

a,o due eaeh m,ng doi voi dang vien, doan vien (sU'u tiim)Dang ngay: 12:37 22-04-2009

Thtr rnuc: Hoc tap guang Bac

each day gan tron rura the ky (1958), Sac H o kfnh yeu da viet bai ve rem luy~n daodl1c each manq danh cho dimg vien, dean vien - hai doi tL1qng dL1qcd~t len hang

dau.Chung ta luan ghi nho dmg, nr each, pham chat dao dl1c gan lien voi hoat

dQng hang ngay cua mol cang dan khang phan bi~t bat Cl1ai rna Sac thL10ng xuyen

din dan, nhac nha la can ki~m, liern chfnh, chf cang, va tL1.

That v~y, trong hoc tap, lao dQng, cang tac cOng nhu trong cuoc song doi thl10ng

cua tlmg ngl10i a xa hQi ta vao thai k Y each rnanq nao cOng the, neu sir bat liem,

bat chfnh, lang phf, tham a, ll1ai bieng, va trach nhlern, thu ven ca nhan, fch ky vl lci

17



ta hal nglfai ... con Ian khuat dau do bang SI/ dai tra vai chfnh rnlnh, vai t~p the va

cQng dong thl do la "ke thu nQi xam" nguy hiem khan Ilfang.

Giai tre, tnroc het la can bQ, doan vien, lap nglfai vai s C r m~nh ke tuc SI/ nghi~p

cua cha anh canq phai ra sire tu dlfong, ren luy~n va thuc hanh can ki~m, liern

chfnh, chf cong, va tu trong bat c C r hoan canh va dieu ki~n nao,

Bac day: "Lam cach m~mgdtl cai t~JOxii hQi cO tnent: xii hQimai la mQtSI/ nghi~pve vang nhung n6 cOngla mQt nhi~m vu rat n~ng ne, mQt cUQcdau tranh rat phuc

t?JP,au dai, gian kh6".

Han bao gia het, nhCrng nglfai cQng san tre tuoi phal sam tu '1 thirc dlfqc tfnh lau

dai, gian kho, nharn cal tao xa hQi cOvua la s C r menh nr than vira la muc tieu phan

dau bang chfnh nQi II/c cua mlnh nhir Bac da noi mQt each hlnh anh: "Suc c6 ment:

mai ganh auoc n~ng, di auoc xa. Nguai cecn m?Jngc6 d?Joatsc cach m?Jnglamnen tang mai n oe » t ns nt : auoc nhi~m vu cecn m?Jngve vang".

Chi khi nao chunq ta dCrngvCrng tren nen tang dao dCrcay, quan triet sau sac dieuchu chat ay a mol not, mol luc chunq ta mai co the nr nhan len s C r c rnanh cua mlnh

de "ganh dlfqc n~ng, di dlfqc xa",

Thuc te cho thay nhir Bac day: "So dong dang vien, doan vien va can bQ ta lam

dung nhu the. Nhung cOng c6 mQt so khong lam dung".

Nguyen nhan dan den vi~c khong lam dung chu yeu la do "chu nghia ca nhan" vai

nhieu bieu hi~n khac nhau nhu;

"Yeu cEwhuang tnu, yeu cEwnghi nqai, muon II/a chon cong rae theo y thich canhan cda minh, khong muon lam cong rae m a doan thtl giao ph6 cho no. H9 muon

dja vi cao nhung l?JiS(;1 trach nhi~m n~ng ... DEmdan tinh than dau tranh va tinh tichCl/C cda no bj kem su t , chi khi cecn m?Jngva pMfm chat tot d~p ctla nguai cecnm?JngcOngkem sur:

Ngay nay, trong hoan canh va dieu ki~n mot, Dang va Nha ruroc ta dang phat dQng

va lanh dao toan Dang, toan dan dau tranh khong khoan nhlfqng chang nan quan

lieu, tham nhOng va nhCrng bieu hi~n sa doa, vi pharn nqhiern tronq dao dCrceach

rnanq cua mQt bQ ph~n can bQ, dang vien, chunq ta thay nhCrng tien Ilfqng het sire

dung dan cua Bac ve su nay no va phat trien cua chu nghia ca nhan lam bang hoai

pham chat cua biet bao con nglfai do thieu tu dlfong, ren luy~n, xa rai tharn chf dai

I~p vai "dieu chu chat nhat" cua dao dCrceach rnanq la suet dai dau tranh cho rnuc

tieu, 1'1tlfang rna ban than da tung gan bo,

Dieu nay co '1 nghia quyet dinh den con dlfang phan dau cua dong dao can bQ,

doan vien V I su nghi~p Ian rna ho dang ap u , lfac me, Tu day, moi mQt chunq ta

can '1 truro ngay mQt ra han, sau han qua trlnh nr tao dl/ng cho mlnh cai nen tang,

cai dieu chu chat nhat cua dao dCrc each rnanq, ay la "khong mQtphut giay neo

auoc xa rai Iy tuang phan dau" va khong bao gia buong long cUQcdau trang vaichu nghTaca nhan - like djch con ifn nap trong minh mai nguai chung taoN6 chadjp ho~c that b?Ji,ho~c thang l(;1i,dtl ng6c dau d~y ..." nhu Bac da canh bao,

18



"f)?JO duc cscn m?Jngla hoa minh vai quan chung thanh mQt khoi, tin quan chung,

hieu quan chung, lang nghe y kien cua quan chung. Do lai noi va vit?clam, dangvien, doan vien va can bQlam cho dan tin, dan phvc, dan yeu ... ".

Chung ta dang c6 nhieu tam glfong dimg vien, doan vien va can be)dlfc;1cdan tin,

dan yeu, dlfc;1cnhir v~y la do cac dong chi da nr mlnh ren luy~n va thirc hi~n tot h§

song mlnh VI rnoi nglfoi, trong d6 IOin6i luon di doi voi vi~c lam, lay vi~c mlnh lamde co vOnglfoi khac,

Song dang tiec hi~n nay trong to chirc Doan van con c6 nhCrng"quan Doan" quanlieu, khong narn dlfc;1cnhCrngvan de C l . J the, nhCrngsuy nghT,nhCrngkh6 khan,

nhCrngnguy~n vonq chlnh dang va ca nhCrnghanh vi sai trai cua me)tbe)phan thanh

nien trong d!a phuonq, don V! mlnh.

Thu ITnhthanh nien nqay nay chi la nglfoi truyen dat ngh! quyet thl chua duoTieu

chi hang dau cua thu ITnhthanh nien, nhat la cap co sa giO day phai la thuyet phuc

thanh nien bang vi~c lam, bang nang II/c hoat de)ngthuc tien.

Neu chunq ta dlfc;1c"dan tin, dan phuc, dan yeu" chunq ta se c6 tat ca, lam dlfc;1cat

ca, bang khong se la nglfc;1cICili.. Gia tr] dao duc Ho Chi Minh tra thanh bat di~t bai

cai nen muon doi ben vCrngay.

Khi n6i ve Ho Chu tich, Bac Trl10ng Chinh cho rang: Ho chu tich la mot chien sy cong san mau

mire, dao d&c va pham chat cao quf cua ngl10i la sir ket tinh nhCrng truyen thong tot dep nhat

cua dan toc Vi~t Nam cong vai dao d&c cua ngl10i cong san Chu nghia cua giai cap cang nhan,

giai cap tri~t de each rnanq cua thoi d<;lic6 s u menh ljch su cai teo the giai, thiet I~p xa hOi

cong san chu nghia tren hanh tinh chunq ta!

sac luon coi dao d&c la cal goc cua ngl10i each rnanq cua con ngl10i trong che dO XHCN. Cal

Ian nhat trong dao d&c cua Bac HO la:" Hy sinh tat ca V I dOc I~p dan toc, V I hanh phuc cua nhan

dan". Chfnh V I v~y rna ca cuoc doi cua Bac, chi c6 mot ham muon, ham muon tot b~c lam sao

cho dat mroc ta dircc hoan toan dOc I~p, dan ta dircc hoan toan nr do, dong bao ai cOng dingc6 cam an ao mac, ai cOng ducc hoc hanh ...

Pham chat cao quf chung ta hoc t~p a Ngl10i la - Trung vai flang, hieu vai dan, kien djnh I~p

trl10ng each rnanq, dOng cam trong hanh dong, khan kheo trong xu 1 9 tlnh huang, thang khang

kieu, kh6 khan khang nan, mau rrurc trong cuoc song hang ngay: khiern ton, gian d], can ki~m

liem chfnh, chf cang va nr ..Bac la hlnh mau ve trong sang, mot cang dan" Giau sang khang the

quyen rO, nqheo kh6 khang the chuyen lay, uy quyen khang the khuat phuc",

Ngay tu khi bat dau hoat dong each rnanq , Ho Chf Minh da 9 thirc rat ro rang ve vai tro va srrc

manh cua dao d&c each rnanq, Ngl10i quan tam den van de dao d&c, giao due 1 9 tl10ng each

rnanq cho thanh nien va quan chunq nhan dan. Nam 1927 trong cuon sach:"flI10ng each rnenh"

HO Chf Minh da chi ra nr each cua can bO each rnanq, Ngay sau khi qianh chfnh quyen, HO Chf

Minh da quan tam tai vi~c khang ngung ren luy~n dao d&c each rnanq cua can bO, dang vien.

Ngl10i chi ra rang ... neu can bO la cal goc cua rnoi cang vi~c thl dao d&c each rnanq la cal goc

cua can bO. Ho Chf Minh kh2lng dinh: " Lam each rnanq de cai teo xa hOi cOthanh xa hOi mai lasir nghi~p rat ve vang, nhimq n6 cOng la nhiern vu rat n~ng ne, mot cuoc dau tranh rat ph&c tap

lau dai gian kho srrc rnanh phai c6 dao duc lam nen tang, mai hoan thanh dl1qc nhi~m vu ve

vang".

Dao d&c each rnanq phai la pham chat dau tien, phai diroc coi la nhan to teo nen sire mann

cua can bO, dang vien, Ngl10i kh2lng djnh: tiem an cua ngl10i can bO la dao d&c each rnanq, srrc

c6 mann mai ganh ducc n~ng va di dl1qc xa, ngl10i each rnanq phai c6 d<;lod&c mai hoan thanh

nhi~m vI). La ngl10i cach m<;lngthl tieu chuan dau tien la phai c6 pham chat d<;lO.

HQc t~p d<;loduc cach m<;lngBac HO la tam gl1ang trong sang ve phong cach ... NhCrngchan 1 9

Ian cua thoi d<;lidl1qc Ngl10i dien d<;ltbang nhCrng IOigian di ma ham suc. Chung ta dQCva hQC

19



di chuc cua Bac, chunq ta dieu thay toat h~ncai tinh than dao d&c each rnanq trong sang va

khoa hoc, nrumq n6 het srrc thiet thtrc, nrnr chfnh cuoc s6ng dang den vai mlnh ...

Hang narn, CLrmOi dO thu ve, chunq ta canq nha thlfang Bac Ho da diet. Nha thu 69, Bac Ho

vTnh bi~t chung taoTLr nam ay da 40 Ian thu sang va mOi Ian den ngay 2-9 trong long mOi con

nglfoi Vi~t Nam lai canq khac ghi di chuc thienq lieng cua Nglfoi.

Ngay 2-9-1945, aac doc ban Tuyen ngan €lOc I~p khai sinh rnroc Vi~t Nam Dan chu Cang hoa,

Ngay 2-9-1969 Nglfoi di vao coi vTnh hang nhunq t1nh cam, nhan each va hlnh anh cua Nglfoi

van s6ng mai vai non song, dat nlfaC, vai dan toc Vi~t Nam. Trong Di chuc, Nglfoi da n6i len

dieu mong mu6n cu6i cling: "Toan €lang, toan dan ta dean ket phan dau, xay dl,l'ng mot ruroc

Vi~t Nam hoa blnh, th6ng nhat, dOc I~p, dan chu va giau rnanh, va g6p phan xCrngdang vao sir

nghi~p each rnanq the giai".

''Trlfac het n6i ve €lang", Bac can d~n : "Doan ket la mot truyen th6ng eire k Y quy bau cua €lang

va cua dan taocac dong chf nr Trung lfang den cac chi bO phai giLt gin sir doan ket nhat trf cua

€lang nhtr giLt gin con nglfai cua mat mlnh". 'Trong €lang t turc hanh dan chu rong rai, thlfong

xuyen va nghiem chlnh nr phe blnh va phe blnh la each t6t nhat de cung cO'va phat trien sir

doan ket va th6ng nhat cua €lang. Phai c6 tlnh dong chf thlfang yeu Ian nhau" ... "€lang ta la mot

€lang cam quyen, MOi dang vien va can bO phai th~t su tharn nhuan dao d&c each rnanq, th~t

su' can ki~m liem chfnh, chf cang va nr, Phai giLt gin €lang ta th~t trong sach, phai XLrngdang la

nglfoi lanh dao, la nglfoi day t o th~t trung ...--.......-.--._

thanh cua nhan dan".

Can d~n €lang phai cham 10qiao due va

dao tao thanh nien, Bac n6i : "Boi dlfong

the h~ each rnanq cho doi sau la mot vi~c

rat quan tronq va can thiet".

Vai cac tang lap nhan dan, Bac can d~n :

"€lang can phai c6 ke hoach th~t t6t de

phat trien kinh te va van h6a, nharn khang

ngLrng nang cao doi s6ng cua nhan dan".

Tien li~u cuoc khanq chien ch6ng My c6

the can keo dai, dong bao ta c6 the phai

hy sinh nhieu nglfoi, nhieu cua, Bac d~c

bi~t d~n do : "DlI sao, chunq ta phai quyet

tam danh gi~c My den thang Iqi hoan

toan", Va "thang gi~c My, ta se xay dl,l'nghan mlfoi nqay nay".

TLr Quang trlfong Ba €llnh ljc h S ITda vang ~~Ilen loi the cua toan €lang, toan dan quyet

tam thuc hi~n tron ven nhCrngdieu can d~n cu6i cling cua Bac Ho, quyet "mang la co bach

chien bach thang cua Ho Chu tjch tai dfch cu6i cling". Han 5 nam sau nqay Bac di xa, quan va

dan ta da tmrc hi~n dlfqc mong lfaC tot b~c cua Bac la danh thang gi~c My, quet sach b6ng thu,

dira giang san ve mot m6i bang chien thang lay ILrng. xuan nam 1975, €lat ruroc th6ng nhat dan

hoan han to d~p han. €le ai cOng c6 cam an, ao mac, ai cOng ducc hoc hanh ... BlfaC dau, toan

€lang, toan dan va toan quan ta da truro hi~n mot each hoan my nhat Di chuc thienq lieng cua

sac HO.TLr narn 1976 den nay, sau tam k Y €l«;IihOi €lang da hoach dlnh chien nroc xay dl,l'ng dat nlfaC,

de ra dlfong 16idoi mai toan di~n, bucc dau lam thay doi bO m~t cua dat nlfaC, truro hi~n hOi

nh~p qu6c te, tao ra the va Il/C mai tren tnronq qu6c te bang nhCrng tien bOvuot b~c tren cacITnhvtrc chfnh tr], qu6c phonq, d6i nqoai va kinh te-van hoa-xa hOi. Kinh te, doi s6ng xa hOi phat

trien nhanh trong sir on djnh chfnh tr] khien long dan hCrngkhai, no nrc de xay dl,l'ng To qu6c

"han mlfoi ngay nay" nhir Di chuc cua Bac Ho kfnh yeu d6 la sir k Y di~u cua €lang, cua nhan

dan tao Ky ni~m 37 nam thl,l'c hi~n Di chuc cua Bac Ho, €lang va nhan dan ta vui mLrng bao cao

vai Bac ve nhCrngthang Iqi va thanh tl,l'Ugianh dlfqC. Song, chung ta cOng thanh th~t xin nh~n IOi

vai Bac rang, chung ta can chlfa lam dlfqc nhieu dieu Bac d~n. Tieu cl,l'Cva t~ n«;lnxa hOi can

nhieu, doi s6ng kinh te can ban can thap kem ... day la dieu ma €lang dang quan tam day dUt.

Trong vi~c xay dl,l'ng €lang, xay dl,l'ng Nha nlfaC, xay dl,l'ng quyen lam chu cua nhan dan va kh6i

d«;lidoan ket toan dan, ben c«;lnhnhLtng thanh tfch va lfU diem, chung ta can vap phai nhieu

20



khuyet diem. SI/ suy thoai ve til wang chlnh tr], dao dUt va 10i song, sir vi pharn cac nguyen tac

ve to chirc va sinh hoar £)ilng, sir lam dl,Jngquyen II/c, t~ quan lieu va tham nhOng trong mot bO

ph~n can bO, dilng vien da co tac dong tieu eire den vi~c nang cao nang Il/C lanh dao va srrc

chien dau cua £)ilng, lam giam sut long tin cua nhan dan doi vOi £)ang, vOi che dO. Cuoc v~n

dong xay dl/ng, chlnh don £)ang, hoc t~p va lam theo di chuc cua aac Ho; hoc t~p til tuong £)<;10

dUt Ho Chi Minh do Trung uang phat dong va tien hanh trong nhieu nam ch lnh la de £)ang ta

khac phuc sai lam va khuyet diem, khoi phuc va phat huy nhiing pham chat cao dep von co,

thuc hi~n dung Di chuc cua aac Ho, lam cho £)ang ta th~t trong sach, viing rnanh, xung dang la

nguoi lanh dao, la nguoi day to th~t trung thanh cua nhan dan nhuloi can d~n tnroc luc di xa

cua Bac Ho muon van kinh yeu cua dan toc Vi~t Nam.

ro rnua thu ljch SIT 1969, Bac Ho di vao "the gioi nguoi hien". Nguoi ta gia chunq ta, de l<;Ii

khong phai bac vanq chau bau rna la mot ban Di chuc tri~u trieu quy gia han. Thuang nho

Nguoi, chung ta hay quyet tam truro hi~n th~t tot va tron ven Di chuc thieng lieng cua Bac de

den dap l<;Iimuon van tlnh tMn yeu cua Bac de l<;Iicho toan dan, toan £)ang, cho toan the bo

dOi, cho the h~ thanh nien chung ta hoc tap, Nguoi no t : "£)<;10duc la goc cua con nguoi lam each

manq, neu goc khong viing chac, cay se do". Cho nen dao dUt la mau chat thanh cong cua

each rnanq, Nguoi d~n phai luon luon dao tao nhiing con nguoi mOi, con nguoi tam huyet phuc

vl,l dat nuoc, phuc vu each rnanq. Nhat la thai k Y chuyen tiep dat rnroc dang do het sire mlnh

no II/c tien len hi~n dai hoa, cong nghi~p hoa de kip be ban narn chau nhtr lci Bac chunq ta

mong muon.

Chung ta kho rna co the hQChet nhiing bai hoc nr cuoc doi "trong nhir anh sang" cua Bac

Nhung moi nguoi chunq ta hay nr mlnh thirc hi~n nhiing dieu tot dep, Duoi tac dong cua COche

th] truong, dOi ngO can bO, cong chirc khong It nguoi da thoal hoa, bien chat. HQ song xa hoa,

lang phi bang nhiing dong tien cua nhan dan. L<;Iithay buon khi mot bO ph~n thanh nien thai

nay song xa xi, phonq tUng ... Trong khi do, xa hOi can khong It nhiing nguoi kho khan, nhieu tre

em a vunq sau, vung xa tOi truong can phai mac quan ao va, khong co doi dep cao su de di, qua

do giang song nuoc khong co chiec ao phao ...Khi ruroc ta can ngheo, doi song nhan dan ta can

kho khan thl han luc nao het, bai hoc ve duc "ki~m", noi theo tam guang dao duc Ho Chi Minh

can phai duqc rnoi nguoi thirc hanh,

"HQc t~p va lam theo tam guang dao dUt Ho Chi Minh" la kip thai va phu hop vOi nguy~n

vonq cua toan the can bO, dang vien clencos, HQc t~p dao dUt cua Nguoi se qiup chunq ta

viing buoc han tren con duong di tOi nronq lai. Giup chunq ta nhanh chong xay dl,l'ng dat rnroc

"sanh vai vOi cac cuong quoc narn chau" nhulong mong m6i cua Nguoi vao the h~ tre, the h~wong lai cua dat nuoc,

Cau 13: Tthcm ve dao duc? V~n dunq tir tuong nhan van - dao duc HCM trong dieu ki~n dat

rurcc hi~n tal?

1.Vi trl, vai tro, srrc rnanh cua dao duc:

£)<;10dUt la 1 trong nhiing van de quan tam hang dau cua HCM trong su nghi~p CMVN.

- Danh gia cua dang ta ve tutuong dao duc cua HCM:

Nam 1951, £)<;IihOi 2, W Wang cua HCM la duong loi chlnh tr] cua dang ta; dao duc cua HCM la

dao duc cua dang; tac phong cua HCM la nen nep lam vi~c cua dang ta.

Nam 1960, dal hOi 3, toan dang ra sue hoc tap tu tuong, dao duc, tac phong cua HCM.

Nam 1982, D<;IihOi 5 toan dang hoc t~p 1 each co h~ thong wWong, dao duc, tac phong cua

HCM.

Nam 2001, d<;lihOi 9 pMt dong phong trao hQc t~p, lam theo tu Wang, d<;loduc, tac phong cua

HCM. Tu tuong cua Chu tich HCM noi chung la nen tang tu Wang va kim chi Nam cho Mnh

dong cua dang ta. Tu tuong d<;loduc la bO ph~n ket tinh cua tu tuong HCM noi chung.

- Cae the h~ nguoi vn phan dau cho dOc I~p dt den vOi HCM truoc het la den vOi tu tuong d<;lo

dUt eua nguoi. "Song, chien dau, lao dong, hQc t~p theo guong Bac ho vTd<;li" la khau hi~u

21



chung cua nglJ'oi VN.

- TlJ' tlJ'ang dao dCrcva ban than dao dCrccua HCM la ket tinh dao dCrccua dt, cua nhan loal,

HCM la diem sang ve dao dCrcdoi voi TG va doi voi VN. Bac n6i: "Doi voi phutmq dong, mQt

tam glJ'ong song can gia tr] han 100 bai dien van tuyen truyen."

- Bac ho luon ket hop giao due dao dCrcvoi giao due Iy tlJ'ang each rnanq,

- Van de dao dCrccua HCM dlJ'qc quan tam toan di~n: doi tlJ'qng, pharn vi, tat ca cac linh vu eheat dQng nglJ'oi.

HCM coi dao dCrc la nen tang cua nglJ'oi each rnanq, cOng giong nhir goc cua cay, nqon nguon

cua song, cua suci, NhlJ'doi voi con nglJ'oi, sCrcc6 manh moi ganh ducc n~ng va di duoc xa.

NglJ'oi each rnanq phai c6 dao dCrceach rnanq moi hoan thanh dlJ'qc nhi~m vu each rnanq, Bai

Ie con dlJ'ong di den dQc I~p dt va CNXH la con dlJ'ong dai, doi hoi su phan dau khong ngung

cua moi ng lJ'oi, moi the h~ va nhieu the h~ noi tiep nhau. Cham 1 0 cal goc, cal nguon, cal nen

tang ay la cong vi~c thlJ'ong xuyen cua toan dang, toan dan, cua moi gia dlnh va moi nglJ'oi

trong xh tao

Theo Lenin, "dao dCrc la nhiing gl g6p phan pha huy xh cOcua bee b6c IQtva g6p phan doan

ket tat ca nhiing nglJ'oi lao dQng chung quanh giai cap va san dang sang tao ra xh moi cuanhiing nglJ'oi cQng san."

HCM cho rang, dang "la dao dCrc, la van minh", thl moi hoan thanh s c r menh llch S lr ve vang cua

minh. Dang cQng san phai tieu bieu cho trf tu~, danh du, hronq tam cua dt mlnh va cua thoi dal,

Trf tu~ la su hieu biet dung d~1nve CNMLN, tri thirc hi~n dal cua nhan loal, thirc tien VN va TG,

nhiing quy lu~t phat trien cua CMVN, nhiing hieu biet de dira su nghi~p each rnanq den thang

Iqi. Dao dCrc la nhiing pham chat rna con nglJ'oi can c6 de tham gia vao cuoc dau tranh cho dQc

I~p dt va CNXH. Muon lam each rnanq thl con nglJ'oi can c6 tam trong sang, dao dCrccao dep

doi voi GCCN, nhan dan lao dQng, voi ca dt. Cal tam ay phal the hi~n trong cac moi q/h~ xh

hang ngay voi dan, voi mroc, voi dong chf, dong nghi~p, voi mol nglJ'oi xung quanh mlnh. Phai

c6 tam c6 dCrcmoi giii dlJ'qc CNMLN va dira chu nghia MLN vao trong cuoc song.

HCM cOng quan tam giao due dao dCrccho can bQ, dang vien, cac tang lop nhan dan lao dQng.

Tuy theo tung thoi ky each rnanq rna nglJ'oi de ra nhiing yeu cau dao dCrcsat hop de mol nglJ'oi

cung phan dau. Trong cuon DlJ'ong kach m~nh, bai dau tlen n6i ve tir each nglJ'oi each menh,

HCM da neu 1 quan diem Ion: phal c6 cai dCrcde di den cal trf, va khi c6 trf thl cai dCrcdam bao

cho nglJ'oi each rnanq giii viing duoc chu nghia rna mlnh da giac ngQ, chap nhan, di theo. C6

dCrcnhunq phai c6 tal, hong va chuyen phai ket hop. Dao dCrc la goc, la vO khf manh me trong

cuoc dau tranh V I dQc I~p dt va CNXH.

2- Nhiing pham chat dao dCrcco ban cua con nglJ'oi VN trong thoi di;li moi.

+ Trung voi rurcc, hieu voi dan.

Trong moi quan h~ dao dCrc thl moi quan h~ giiia mOi nglJ'oi voi dat ruroc, voi nhan dan, voi dt la

moi quan h~ Ion nhat. Trung, hieu la pham chat quan tronq nhat, bao trurn nhat.

Trung, hieu la nhiing khai ni~m da c6 trong tu tlJ'ang, dao dCrctruyen thong VN va phutmq dong.

HCM v~n dunq va dira vao nQi dung mot, Tnrcc kia trung la trung voi vua, V I vua va nlJ'oc la mQt,

ruroc la cua vua. Con hieu chi trong pharn vi gia dlnh la con cal c6 hieu voi cha me, HCM da ke

thira nhiing gia tr] dao dCrctruyen thong va virot trQi. Trung voi rurcc la trung thanh voi su

nghi~p giii nlJ'oc va dl!ng nucc, NlJ'oCla cua dan, can nhan dan la chu cua dat nlJ'oc. "Bao nhieu

quyen hi;ln deu cua dan, bao nhieu Iqi fch deu V I dan".

22



Trung vai nuoc, hieu vai dan la su6t doi phan hy sinh dOc I~p nr do cua to qu6c, VI CNXH,

nhiern vu nao cOng hoan thanh, kh6 khan nao cOng VlJ'Qtqua, ke thu nao cOng danh thang. Bac

vira keu gQi hanh dong vira dlnh hlJ'ang chfnh tr] - dao duc cho moi nglJ'oi VN.

D6i vai can bO dimg vien phai su6t doi dau tranh cho dimg, cho each rnanq, d6 la dieu chu ch6t

cua dao duc each rnanq, Phal tuy~t d6i trung thanh vai dang, vai dan, phal t~n trung, t~n hieu,

thl mai Xlrng dang vira la day t o trung thanh, vira la nglJ'oi lanh dao cua dan; dan la d6i tlJ'qng de

phuc vu het long. Phai nam vCrngdan tlnh, hieu ro dan tam, cai thi~n dan sinh, nang cao dan trf

de dan hieu dircc quyen va trach nhtern cua nglJ'oi chu dat rurcc.

+ Yeu thuonq can nglJ'oi.

Ke thira truyen th6ng nhan nghTa cua dan toc, ket hop truyen th6ng nhan nghTavai chu nghTa

nhan dao cong san, tiep thu tinh than nhan van cua nhan loal qua nhleu the ky, qua hoat dong

thuc tien, HCM da xac djnh t1nh yeu thircnq can nglJ'oi la pham chat dao duc cao dep nhat. Tlnh

yeu rong Ian danh cho nhCrng nglJ'oi cunq kho, nhCrng nglJ'oi lao dong b] ap btrc, b6c lOt. HCM

chi ham mu6n cho dat rurcc dircc hoan toan dOc I~p, dan dlJ'qc tu do, mol nglJ'oi ai cOng c6 cam

an, ao mac, ai cOng dlJ'qc hoc hanh, Chi c6 t1nh yeu thutmq can nglJ'oi baa la den nhir v~y mai

c6 each rnanq, mai n6i den CNXH va CNCS.Tlnh yeu thtrcnq can nglJ'oi con la tlnh yeu ban be, dong chf, c6 thai dO ton tronq can nglJ'oi,

dieu nay c6 y nghTa d6i vai nglJ'oi lanh dao, Nghiem khac vai rnlnh, dO llJ'qng vai nglJ'oi khac,

Phai c6 t1nh nhan ai vai ca nhCrngai c6 sai lam, da nh~n ro va cO'gang sua chCra,danh thlrc

nhCrnggl t6t dep trong moi can nglJ'oi. Bac can d~n dang phal c6 tlnh dong chf t hu tmq yeu Ian

nhau, tren nguyen tac tu phe blnh va phe blnh chan thanh,

+ Can ki~m, liem chfnh, chf cang va nr.

Can la lao dong can cu, sieng nang, lao dong c6 ke hoach, sang tao nang suat cao; lao dong vai

tinh than tu II/c earth sinh, khang llJ'oi bieng, khang y lal, khang dua dam. Lao dong la nghTa vu

thieng lieng, la nguon s6ng, nguon hanh phuc cua can nglJ'oi.

Ki~m la tiet ki~m sue lao dong, tiet ki~m thl giO, tiet ki~m tien cua nhan dan, cua dat rurcc, cua

ban than mlnh. Tiet ki~m t u cal nho den cal to; "khang xa sl, khang hoang phf, khang bira bal",

Liem la "luon luen ton tronq giCrgin cua cang va cua dan; khang xam pharn mot dong xu, hat

th6c cua nha rurcc, cua nhan dan". Phai trong sach, khang tham lam. Khang tham dia vi. khang

tham tien, khang tham sung SlJ'ang. Khang tang b6c mlnh. Chi c6 mot thu la ham hoc, ham lam,

ham tien bO. Harth vi tral vai liem la: ...c~y quyen the rna due khoet, an cua dan, hoac trom cua

cang lam cua rieng. Dim nglJ'oi giOi, de giCrdia vi va danh tieng cua mlnh la trom vi. G~p vlec

phal, rna so kh6 nhoc nguy hiem, khang dam lam la tham uy lao, CI,l khang n6i: nglJ'oi ma khang

liem, khang b2mg sue vat. CI,l manh n6i: ai cOng tham Iqi thl nuoc se nguy.

Chfnh la thang thang, dung dan. D6i vai rnlnh, vai nglJ'oi, vai vlec,

D6i vai rnlnh, khang tu cao, tu dal, luan chlu kh6 hoc tap cau tien bO, luan kiem diem mlnh de

phat huy dieu hay, sua doi dieu do.

D6i vai nglJ'oi, khang njnh h6t nglJ'oi tren, xem khinh nglJ'oi dlJ'ai; luan giCrthai dO chan thanh,

khlern t6n, d/ket, khang d6i tra, lira IQc.

D6i vai vi~c, de cang vi~c len tren vi~c tu, lam vi~c gl cho den nour, den chon, khang ng~i kh6,

nguy hiem, cO'gang lam vi~c t6t cho dan cho ruroc.

Chf cang va tir, lam bat cu vi~c gl cOng dung nghTden mlnh tnroc, khi hlJ'ang thu thl nen di sau.

"Phai 10 tnroc thian ha, vui sau thien ha", Tfnh t6t c6 the gom 5 dieu: nhan, nghTa, trf dOng, liem.

23



Boi dlfong pham chat dao d&c can, ki~m, liem, chfnh, chf cong va tv la de vCrngvang qua mol

thir thach: "Glau sang khong quyen rO, nghEmkho khong the lay chuyen, uy vO khong the khuat

phu c " .

+ Tinh than quoc te trong sang.

Do la tinh than qudc te va san, bon phuonq va san deu la anh em. Do la tinh than doan ket voi

cac dt b] ap birc, voi nhan dan lao de;,ngcac rnrcc, Do la tinh than doan ket cua nhan dan VN voi

tat ca nhCrngnglfoi tien be;,trsn TG V I hoa blnh, cong Iy va tien be;,xh. Sir doan ket la nharn van

rnuc tleu Ion cua thoi dal hoa blnh, de;,c I~p dt, dan chu va tien be;,xh.

3- NhCrng nguyen tac xh dao dl,l'c moi:

+ Noi di doi voi lam. Noi va lam luon di doi voi nhau dem I~i hi~u qua thiet thirc cho chfnh mlnh

va cho nglfoi khac, Noi ma khong lam gQi la dao duc gia. Tfr do Bac trong giao due dao duc van

de neu glfong duoc d~t ra. "Tnroc mat quan chunq khong phai ta cu viet len tran chCr"ce;,ng

san" ma ta dlfqc ho yeu men. Quan chunq chi yeu men nhCrngnglfoi co tu each dao d&c".

+ Xay di doi voi chong. Xay dl,l'ng dao duc moi mroc het phai giao due nhCrngpham chat, nhCrng

chuan mire dao duc t u gia dlnh, nha trlfong, xh. Phai khol d~y y truro dao duc lanh manh a mol

nglfoi. Ben canh do, phai khong ngung chong I~i nhCrngcal xau, cal sai, va dao duc. De xay vachong co ket qua pha] tao thanh phong trao re;,ngraj, phal chong lal chu nghia ca nhan,

+ Phal tu dlfong dao duc suet doi. Moi nglfoi phal thlfong xuyen cham 10tu dlfong dao duc do

la cong vi~c kien tr l ben b l, khong the chu quan nr man. "Me;,tdt, me;,tdang va moi con nglfoi,

ngay hom qua la vi dai, co su e hap dan lon, khong nhat thiet hom nay va ngay mai van dlfqc

mol nglfoi yeu men va ca ngqi, neu long da khong trong sang nCra,neu sa van chu nghia ca

nhan", Moi nglfoi ai cOng co dieu tot va do, thi~n va ac, Phai danh thirc nhCrnggl tot dep trong

moi con nglfoi. Vi~c tu dlfong dao duc phal thirc hi~n trong thuc tien hoat de;,nghang ngay,

trong lao de;,ngsx, chien dau, sinh hoat.i.va the hi~n trong mOi quan h~ hang ngay.

Nang cao dao duc cach mango nhiem vu hang dau cua cong tac xay dllng aang hien nay

14:46130107/2009

(f)CSVN) - La nguai sang I~p va ren luy~n ailing ta, Chu tlch He; Chi Minh luan luon quan

tam sau sac toi cang me xay dl!ng ailing. Trong Oi chuc d e If1IIicho toan ailing, toan dan ta

truoc het Nguai noi vi! ailing.

Xay dl,l'ng de;,ingO can be;,cua £lang la me;,ttrong nhCrngcong vi~c Nglfoi rat quan tam. Nglfoi cho

rang muon vi~c thanh cong hay that bai deu do can be;,tot hay kern. Nglfoi luon doi hoi moi

nglfoi, nhat la nglfoi can be;, each rnanq phai co dao duc each rnanq, phai ket hop ch~t che

pham chat va nang 11,l'C,ong va chuyen, d&c va tal, trong do d&c la goc.

Thea nr tlfong cua Nglfoi dao d&c each rnanq la tuyet doi trung thanh voi £lang, voi nhan dan,quyet tam sutit doi dau tranh cho £lang, cho each rnanq, bat k Y kho khan nao cOng kien quyet

lam dung chfnh sach, nqh] quyet cua £lang, lam glfong cho quan chunq, hoa mlnh voi quan

chunq thanh me;,tkhoi, tin quan chunq, hieu quan chunq, lang nghe y kien cua quan chunq, thirc

hi~n can ki~m, liem chfnh, chf cong va tu Nglfoi coi dao d&c la ce;,inqudn cua nglfoi each rnanq,

Nglfoi each rnanq phai co dao d&c, khong co dao duc thl du tai gioi may cOng khong lanh dao

dlfqc nhan dan. Nglfoi chi ro: Lam each rnanq de cai tao xa he;,icO thanh xa he;,imoi la me;,tsir

nghi~p rat ve vang, nhimq no cOng la me;,t nhi~m vu rat n~ng ne, me;,tcuoc dau tranh rat ph&c

t~p, lau dai, gian kho, doi hoi nglfoi cach m~ng phai co d~o duc cach m~ng lam nen tang, moi

haan thanh dlfqc nhi~m vl,l cach m~ng. Chu t!ch Ho Chf Minh doi hoi nang cao d~o duc cach

24



rnanq phai di doi vOi chong chu nghia ca nhan, Ngay sau khi cuoc khang chien chong tmrc dan

Phap ket thuc thang lei, Nglfai da n6i rang trong dOi ngO can bO cua flang va Nha ruroc c6 nglfai

"dang mang mot ba 10chu nghia ca nhan", Nglfai cho rang chu nghia ca nhan trai nglfqc vOi dao

dU'c each rnanq, "la me de ra rnoi tfnh htr, t~t xau". Do d6 "thang Iqi cua chu nghia xa hOi khong

the tach rai thang lei cua cuoc dau tranh chong chu nghia ca nhan", Ho Chf Minh qoi chu nghia

ca nhan la "gi~c noi xarn", "gi~c a trong long" va chong chu nghia ca nhan "la mot cuoc eachrnanq noi bO".

54 nam truce day, Ho Chf Minh da earth bao ve thLr "gi~c noi xarn", thLr "gi~c a trong long". Trong

qua trlnh lanh dao each rnanq flang da rat chu tronq lam theo lai day cua Nglfai, ren luy~n nang

cao dao dU'c each rnanq, chong chu nghia ca nhan trong can bO, dang vien. Tuy nhien, t1nh tranq

tham nhOng va 5 1 , 1 ' suy thoai ve nr tlfong chfnh tr], dao dU'c IOi song cua mot bO phan can bO,

dang vien la rat nqhiern tronq, Hi~n nay mot bO phan khong nho can bO, dang vien, cong chirc

trong h~ thong chfnh tr] da khong lam dlfqc bon dieu day cua chu tlch Ho Chf Minh la: Sieng

nang, tiet ki~m, trong sach, chfnh dang. HQ da gay thi~t h~i ve kinh te, xa rai nhan dan, gay

phien ha cho nhan dan, gay mat ooan ket noi bO, d~c bi~t la lam giam sut niem tin cua nhan dan.

Khong thirc hi~n dung, tri~t de dlfang IOi, chu tnronq, chfnh sach cua flang va Nha nuoc,

Toan flang, toan dan ta dang ra sire truro hi~n thang lei Nghi quyet fl~i hOi Ian thLr x cua flangva Nghi quyet HOi nqh] Ian thLr x Ban chap hanh Trung lfang flang khoa X. Hoan thanh cac

nhi~m vu cua fl~i hOi X va nhi~m vu cua ke hoach phat trien kinh te-xa hOi 5 narn 2006-2010;

tien hanh d~i hOi dang cac cap dong thai chuan b] tien tOi fl~i hOi toan quoc Ian thLr XI cua flang

la nhCrng nhiern vu quan trQng hang dau hi~n nay.

Trang boi canh tlnh hlnh can nhieu dien bien phirc tap, thien tai, djch b~nh, nhat la dien bien cua

cuoc khung hoang tai chfnh va suy giam kinh te the gioi se can tac dong nhieu m~t den ruroc tao

Tlnh hlnh d6 doi hoi: "Moi dang vien va can bO phai tmrc 5 1 , 1 ' tham nhuan dao dU'c each rnanq,

trurc 5 1 , 1 ' can ki~m liem chfnh, chf cong vo tu .. Phai giLt gin flang ta th~t trong sach, phai xLrng

dang la nglfai lanh dao, la nglfai day to th~t trung thanh cua nhan dan" nhtr lai can d~n cua Chu

tich Ho Chf Minh trong Di chuc, 40 narn tnroc day.!.

o TU'tU'dng H O C hi M inh v e d~o d rit : c a ch m~ng

c Tu tUdng H e Chf Minh ve vai tro cua dao dU'ceach rnanq

Ly do chon de tal, rnuc dfch nghien cuu de tai

Tnrdc luc di xa, Chu tlch H e Chf Minh da d~ lal Idi di huan d~n do ve flang, va van de dao dU'ceach rnanq: "flang ta la mot flang cam quyen. Moi dang vien va can bOphai th~t 5 1 ! tharn nhuan

dao dU'ceach rnanq, phai th~t 5 1 ! can, ki~m, liem, chfnh, chf cong vo tu. Phai gili gin flang ta th~t

trong sach, phai xU'ngdang la ngudi day td th~t trung thanh cua nhan dan". Ca cuoc ddi cua

mlnh, NgUdi da tl! thirc hi~n mot each hoan chinh, tron ven nhling nr tUdng va khat vQng dao dU'c

each rnanq; NgUdi vira la nha Iy lu~n dao dU'ceach manq, vira la mot tam guang dao dU'ctrong

sang gan gui va doc dao nhat.

Ve dao dU'ceach manq, H e Chf Minh n6i: "Dao dU'cd6 khong phai la dao dU'c thu cuu, N6 la dao

25



dlic maioDao dlic vi dal, no khong VI danh v9n9 cua ca nhan, rna VI IQi Ich chung cua Dang, cua

dan tQc, cua loai ngl1di". Va theo each dien dat blnh d] cua Ngl1di: Dao dlic nhu goc cua cay,

nqon nguon cua song suoi, sire rnanh cua con ngl1di, sue co rnanh mai ganh dl1Qcn~ng, va di

dl1QCxa. Ngay trong nhiing nam khang chiem chong My ciru rurdc, Dang ta tien hanh sir nghi~p vi

dal giai phong va thong nhat dat rurdc, Ngl1di da khai quat va canh bao: "MQt dan tQc, mQt Dang

va moi con ngl1di, ngay hom qua la vi d~i, co sire hap dan ldn, khong nhat dlnh hom nay va ngay

mai van dl1QCmoi ngl1di yeu men va ca nqol, neu long da khong con trong sang niia, neu sa vao

chu nghia ca nhan", Ngl1di cOng thl1dng xuyen nhan rnanh: "Dang phai la dao dlic, la van minh",

can bQ, dang vien co dao dlic each rnanq phai vira hong vira chuyen, hQi tu du dlic tal, dlic la

goc; phai co sir trung vai ruroc, va hieu vai dan.

Tl1 tl1ang va tam gl10ng dao dlic each m~ng trong sang cua Ho Chi Minh la tai san tinh than va

gia cua Dang va dan tQc taoNghien ciru, h9Ct~p va lam theo tam gl10ng dao dlic Ho Chi Minh la

niem vinh du, nr hao cua moi can bQ,cong chirc doi vai Bac klnh yeu - mQt con ngl1di rna tl1

tl1ang va tam vee vi d~i da Vl1Qtqua mol khong gian va thdi gian, tra thanh mQt bi~u tl1Qngdep de

cua van minh nhan loai: Anh hung giai phonq dan tQc, danh nhan van hoa the giai.

NQi dung chlnh

Ly thuyet'" 7" ".;t 7

Chl10ng 01 : NGUOI CACH MI:\NG PHAI CO DI:\O DUC CACH MI:\NG LAM NEN TANG

01: Chu tlch Ho Chi Minh ngl1di sang I~p ...

Chu tlch Ho Chi Minh da sang I~p, rem luy~n va lanh dao Dang ta tren co so v~n dl,lng chu nghia

Mac-Lenin ve xay dl/ng Dang. Song, Ho Chi Minh khong chi quan tam xay dl/ng Dang ve nr

tl1ang, chlnh tr] va t6 chirc, rna con de cap den mQt phl10ng di~n khac, do la xay dl/ng Dang ve

dao dlic each r na nq , Bac Ho da ma rQng nQi ham ve cong tac xay dl/ng Dang bao gom chlnh tr],

nr tl1ang, t6 chirc va ve dao dlic, loi song. Day la dong gop cua Chu tlch Ho Chi Minh ve m~t Iy

lu~n trong cong tac xay dl/ng Dang tren co so chu nghia Mac-Lenin.

02: Tl1 each mQt ngl1di kach m~nh.

Qua nghien cuu cho thay tlt rat sam, Ho Chi Minh quan ni~m dao dlic each rnanq la goc cua

ngl1di each rnanq , Trong tac ph~m "Dl1dng kach m~nh", Bac da neu "Tl1 each mQt ngl1di each

rnanq" a muc dau lien. Bac de cap dao dlic each m~ng trong 3 moi quan h~: TI/ rnlnh, doi vai

ngl1di, doi vai vi~c.

Tl1 each mQt ngl1di kach m~nh:

+ TI/ mlnh phai:

Can ki~m

Hoa rna khong nr

Ca quyet sUa d6i mlnh

C~n than ma khong nhut nhat

Nhan nal (chiu kho)

26



Hay nghien ciru, xem xet

Vi cang, va tt l

Khang hieu danh, khang kieu nqao

N6i thl phai lam

Gili chu nghia cho vling

I t long tham muon ve v~t chat

Bf mat,

+ Doi voi ngL1aiphai:

Voi tltng ngL1aithl khoan thu

Voi doan th~ thl nghiem

C6 long bay ve cho ngL1ai

Tnrc rn a khang tao bao

Hay xem xet ngL1ai.

+ Lam vi~c phai:Xem xet hoan canh ky cang

Quyet doan

DOng cam

Phuc tung doan th~.

Theo Bac, muon lam each rnanq thang Ic;lithl ngL1aican b9 each m~ng phai c6 dao duc. VI sir

nghi~p each rnanq rat to Ian va bao gia cOng kh6 khan, doi hoi S I , I ' kien trl phan dau lau dai cua

moi ca nhan va toan Dang. VI v~y, neu ngL1aieach r na nq khang c6 dao duc thl kh6 c6 sire chlu

dl,l 'ngdem dai va khang th~ hoan thanh dL1c;1Chi~m VI,I each rnanq,

03: ph~m chat co ban cua ngL1aieach m~ng

Bac tung n6i: "Lam each rnanq d~ cai tao xa h9i cOthanh xa h9i rndl la m9t su nghi~p ve vang,

nhL1ngn6 cOng la m9t nhiern VI,I rat n~ng ne, m9t cuoc dau tranh prurc tap, lau dai va gian kh6.

Suc c6 rnanh rnoi ganh dL1c;1C~ng, di dL1c;1Ca. NgL1aieach manq phai c6 dao duc each manq lam

nen tang, moi hoan thanh dL1c;1Chi~m vu each rnanq ve vang". "MQi vi~c thanh hay bal, chu chot

la do can b9 c6 tharn nhuan dao duc each rnanq hay khang". "C6 dao duc each rnanq thl g~p kh6

khan, gian kh6, that bai cOng khang so s~t, rut re lui bL1oc.. ", "khi g~p thu~n Ic;liva thanh cang

nhL1ngvan gili vling tinh than gian kh6, chat phat, khlern ton", "10 tnroc thlen ha, vui sau thlen ha",

"10 hoan thanh nhi~m vu cho tot clur khang ken cira ve mat hL1dngthu, khang cang than, khang

quan lieu, khang kieu ng~o, khang hu h6a".

Bac Ho thL1angnhac nhd can b9, dang vlen rang: "Dang ta la d9i tlen phong cua giai cap cang

nhan, dong thai d~i bi~u cho quyen Ic;licua dan t9C". Bac yeu cau ngL1aieach m~ng phai thay ro

dieu d6 va phai phan dau het mlnh cho sir nghi~p cao ca va su rnenh llch sU've vang d6. Trong

bai viet ve dao duc each rnanq narn 1958, Bac neu ro ban chat va n9i dung cua dao duc each

manq, dong thai cOng neu ro nhling bi~u hi~n cua chu nghia ca nhan va dau tranh chong chu

27



nghTaca nhan, Trang bai viet nay, Bac neu 5 ph~m chat dao duc rna can be),dang vien phai

phan dau remluy~n, gin giii. Do la:

- Dao duc each m~ng la tuy~t doi trung thanh voi Dang, voi nhan dan.

- La ra sire phan dau d~ thirc hi~n rnuc lieu cua Dang.

- Va lu~n trang hoan earth nao cOng phai quyet tam chong mol ke dlch, luan luan canh giac, san

sang chien dau, quyet khang chiu khuat phuc, khang chiu cui dau.

- Va lu~n trang hoan earth nao, ngl1di dang vien cOng phal d~t IQi fch cua Dang len tren het.

- Dao duc each m~ng la hoa mlnh voi quan chunq thanh me)tkhoi, tin quan chunq, hi~u quan

chunq, lang nghe y kien cua quan chunq,

Do la ph~m chat co ban rna Bac He doi hoi ngl1di each manq phai d~ lam nen tang.

_ ~ " ?" 7 .... A

chironq 02: NHUNG CHUAN Ml,IC DI:\O DUC CACH MI:\NG CUA NGUOI DANG VIEN CQNG

s A N

Dl sau nghien cuu di san tu tl1ong, dao duc He Chf Minh, chung ta thay Bac co nhiing Idi d~n do

ve nhiing chu~n mire dao duc cu th~ cha tung doi tl1Qng, tu can be),dang vien, nang dan, trf thirc,

cang an, be)de)i,cha den van ngh~ sr, nha baa, thanh nien, thieu nien. 6 day, chunq ta di sau

nghien cuu nhiing chu~n mire cua nen dao duc each rnanq, ma Bac He yeu cau can be),dang

vien phai xay dl/ng:

, , Si., .... S i . . . . . S i . f. s;." ,,,,,

01 :TRUNG VOl NUOC, HIEU VOl DAN, QUYET TAM PHAN DAU SUOT DOl HY SINH VI DOC

L~P, Tl,I DO CllA TO QUaC vA CHll NGHTA xA HQI .

Xet ve moi quan h~ cua dao duc thl Bac He d~t uu lien hang dau cha moi quan h~ giiia dan vdl

nl1OC,giiia nhan dan voi t6 quoc. Day la moi quan h~ chi phoi tat ca cac moi quan h~ khac, Chfnh

V I v~y, Bac He d~t ph~m chat trung voi rnroc, hieu voi dan la ph~m chat hang dau cua ngl1di

dang vien. Trung hieu la khai ni~m thue)c dao duc truyen thong nhl1ng dl1QcBac He v~n dl,lng

thea quan di~m moi phu hQpvoi hoan canh rndl cua lich sli.

Image

Bac He voi thieu nhi

Thea quan di~m Bac He, "trung voi rurdc, hieu voi dan" co moi quan h~ gan bo chat che voi nhau.

VI "dan la dan cua nl1OC,rurdc la rurdc cua dan". NghTa la nhan dan la Chll cua dat rnrdc. Can

thea quan di~m cua dao duc phang kien, cai rurdc la cua vua, vua la ngl1di quyet dlnh tat ca, can

dan chi co nhi~m vu lam tai trung thea quan di~m "Ouan xli than tli than bat tli bat trung" (Vua xli

tai phai chet thl tai phai chet, khang tuantheo I~nh vua la tai khang trung thanh), Ro rang, quan

di~m cua Bac hoan toan khac h~n voi quan ni~m cua dao duc phang kien. Bac He chi ro: "Trung

la trung voi t6 quoc, hieu la hieu voi nhan dan". Va cOng chfnh Ngl1di la bi~u tl1Qngcaa dep th~

hi~n ph~m chat nay. Suot cuoc ddi V I dan, V I rurdc. Den khi chu~n bi vTnh bi~t the gioi nay Bac

cOng tfnh toan sao cha khoi ton kern thl gid va tien bac cua nhan dan doi voi vi~c rieng cua mlnh.

Bac kh~ng dlnh: "Bat ky baa gid, bat ky 0 dau, tai cOng chi thea du6i me)t rnuc dfch la lam cha fch

28



rurdc, IQidan".

Con "hieu voi dan" dl1QcBac cu th~ hoa bang chu tnronq "Dang va Chfnh phu la day to cua nhan

dan", "chfnh quyen phai co trach nhi~m 10cho dan: Lam cho dan co an, lam cho dan co mac, lam

cho dan co cho d, lam cho dan co hoc hanh", Bac con chi r6: "Chfnh sach cua Dang va Chfnh

phu phai het sire cham nom den ddi song cua nhan dan. Neu dan doi, Dang va Chfnh phu co loi;

neu dan ret la Dang va Chfnh phu co loi; neu dan dot, Dang va chfnh phu co loi; neu dan am la

Dang ta va Chfnh phu co loi. VI v~y, can b9 Dang va chfnh quyen tlr tren xuong dl1oi, deu phai

het sire quan tam den ddi song cua nhan dan". Bac day rang can b9 cac cap deu la "cong b9C

cua dan, nghTa la ganh vac vi~c chung cho dan". Va, "vi~c gl co IQicho dan ta phai het sire lam,

vi~c gl co hal cho dan phai het sire tranh", Ph§:m chat trung vdl nl1OC,hieu vdl dan dl1Qccoi la hat

nhan co ban cua nr tl1dng Ho Chf Minh.

Xem chu d~ mO 'i nh~t c lin g IOC [li:

X Minh can giup ve do an say tang soi

cac ban co ta i lieu ve he thong dieu hoa. ...:I .:I.

tuyen nOI

BT Nguyen Ly May

do an kho lanh dong baa guan thit Idn 1000...

De ta i tl1 tl1dng Ho Chf Minh

nguyen Iy hoat dong dhkk am tran

trd giup kh§:n cap ...hic

dau dot dau Fa 3 cap.giupvoi.ai co files xin ...

giup do:ai co tieu luan 10hoi giup de voi.

The Following 2Users Say Thank You to dannhietlanh For This Useful

Post:ehoa mau don (16-05-2009), ~huutam92 (12-11-2009)

27-04-200909:41 AM#2

dannhietlanh1-Thanh vien

Tham gia ngay

Mar 2009

vp

Bai gUi

38

Thanks

3

29



Thanked 47 Times in 19 Posts

~ tiep thea

02:YEU THUONG, QLJITRQNG CON NGUOI

Qua nghien ciru, chunq ta thay rang Ho Chf Minh da ke thira va phat huy truyen thong nhan ai,

nhan nghTa cua dan tQc ket hop voi chu nghTa nhan van cua nhan loal ma dinh cao la chu nghTa

nhan van cQng san chu nghTa. Bac Ho da xac dlnh ph§:m chat yeu thl1dng, quy trQng con ngl1di la

mQt trong nhiing ph§:m chat, chu§:n mire dao duc each mr,l.ngcao dep nhat cua ngl1di dang vien.

Long yeu thl1dng con ngl1di cua Bac Ho tnrcc het la danh cho dr,l.ida so nhan dan lao dQng, ngl1di

nghem kh6, b! ap biro, boc IQt trsn hanh tinh chunq taoTlnh yeu thircnq con ngl1di cua Bac th~t

bao la. Tlnh yeu thl1dng con ngl1di doi vdl dong bao rnlnh, Bac Ho chi co mQt ham muon duy nhat

la: "Toi chi co mQt ham muon duy nhat, ham muon tQt b~t la lam sao cho rurdc ta hoan toan dQc

I~p, dan ta dl1Qchoan toan tl/ do, dong bao ai cOng co corn an, 1 3 . 0 mac, ai cOng dl1Qchoc hanh",

Doi vdl Bac Ho, ca cuoc ddi chi V I dan, V I ruroc khong co gllon lao va quy bau hen dan voi rurdc.

Thl1dng yeu dan tQc rnlnh, thl1dng yeu con ngl1di. Bac tltng nol: "Ca ddi toi chi co mQt rnuc dfch laphan dau cho quyen IQicua t6 quoc va hanh phuc cua quoc dan. Nhiing khi toi phai §:nnap noi

nul non, hoac ra vao chon tu tQi, xong pha su hi~m nghem, la V I rnuc dfch do".

Tam long yeu thuonq con ngl1di cua Bac Ho can dtroc th~ hi~n ro trong quan h~ dong chf, dong

dQi, anh em. Nhl1ng doi voi ban than mlnh Bac doi hoi phai nghiem khac, nhl1ng doi vdl ban be,

dong chf phai rQng rai, doi hoi tat ca mol ngl1di phal co sir ton trQng con ngl1di, ton trQng Ian nhau.

Doi voi can bQ,dang vien, Bac day hoc chu nghTa Mac-Lenin la d~ thunnq yeu nhau hen, Bac

noi: "HQc chu nghTa Mac-Lenin la d~ song vdl nhau cho co nghTa, co tlnh", Doi vdl Bac chi co

nang con ngl1di len, clur khong cho phep ha thap, vui d~p con ngl1di xuong, du cho ho co khuyet

di~m, thieu sot. VI v~y, phai thirc hi~n tl/ phe blnh va phe blnh nham nang cao di~m tfch cue, han

che nhiing tieu Cl/Cd~ moi ngl1di,ngay cang tot hen, co fch hen cho Dang, cho dat nude , Va, Bac

khuyen rnoi ngl1di trong tl/ phe blnh phai thclng than, chan thanh d~ giup do Ian nhau cung tien

bQ. Bac day "0 ddi ai cOng co cho tot, cho xau. Ta phai khso nang cao cho tot, kheo sua chiia

cho xau cho ho". Doi vdl Dang, Bac doi hoi "Dang phai thl1dng yeu can bQ, nhl1ng thl1dng yeu

khong phai vo ve, nuong chieu, tha mac, Thunnq yeu la giup cho ho hoc t~p them, tien bQthem".

Tlnh thl1dng yeu con ngl1di, thl1dng yeu nhan dan cua Bac cang th~ hi~n ro hen trong Di chuc

cua Bac, Trong Di chuc, Bac can d~n Dang va Chfnh phu trurc hi~n cong vi~c dau tlen trong han

gan vet thuonq sau chien tranh la "Dau tien la cong vi~c doi voi con ngl1di". Dau tien la doi voi

can bQ, binh sy, dan quan, du kfch, thanh nien xung phong; doi vdl cac li~t sT;voi cha, me, vQ,

con thl1dng binh, li~t sT;voi phu nii, nang dan .... cuoi cung la nhiing nan nhan cua che dQ cO...

Bac khong bo xot doi tl1Qngnao ca, th~ hi~n mQt tam long tluronq yeu doi voi tat ca rnoi ngl1di.

~ A A ,

03:CAN KII;:M LlEM CHINH

Duc tfnh "can, ki~m, liem, chfnh" theo Ho Chf Minh la nen tang cua ddi song rndl, la ph§:m chat

hang dau cua dao duc each manq, Day la nhiing duc tfnh rna ban than moi can bQ,dang vien lay

30



d6 d~ dieu chinh, soi roi, thl/c hi~n trong rnoi heat de)ng. can ki~m, liem, chfnh - cOng la ph~m

chat cua dao dU'ctruyen thong, nhl1ng dl1QcBac Ho dira vao nhiing ne)idung theo yeu cau rnd l ,

khac co ban ve doi tl1Qngthl/C hi~n. Trong che de)phong kien cOng neu nhiing khai ni~m can,

ki~m, liem, chfnh, nhirnq ho bat nhan dan thirc hi~n d~ phuc vu cho quyen IQicua ho, clur giai

cap phong kien khong bao gid thirc hi~n. Con doi vdl Bac Ho, de ra can, ki~m, liem, chfnh la bat

bue)ccan be),dang vlen phai lam gl10ng truro hi~n d~ nhan dan noi theo, dem IQi fch cho dan, cho

rnrdc,

Thang 3-1947, do nhu cau "khang chien, kien quoc" Bac keu ge;>ihi dua xay dl/ng "ddi song mai

la can, ki~m, liem, chfnh" va giai thfch rat ro, de hi~u. Thang 6-1949, d~ tiep tuc ran day can be)

ve dao dU'c, Bac viet tac ph~m "Can, ki~m, liem, chfnh". Bac coi bon dU'ctfnh "can, ki~m, liem,

chfnh" la nhiing dU'ctfnh cua ngl1di can be)each manq, nhu troi c6 bon rnua, dat c6 bon phuonq,

Bac viet:

"Trdl c6 bon mua: Xuan, H~, Thu, Dong.

Dat c6 bon phircnq: Dong, Tay, Nam, Bac.Ngl1di c6 bon dU'c: Can, ki~m. liem, chfnh.

Thieu me)trnua thl khong thanh trol,

Thieu me)tphuonq thl khong thanh dat.

Thieu me)tdU'cthl khong thanh ngl1di".

Sau d6, Bac con viet bon bai bao dang trsn bao CU'uquoc giai thfch ro ne)iham bon dU'c tfnh nay.

Tnrdc het, n6i ve can: "Can - lam vi~c phai den dung gid, chd den tre ve sam. Lam cho ch6ng,

cho chu dao, Vi~c ngay nao nen lam xong ngay ay, cho d~ ngay maio Phai nhd rang: Dan da lay

tien mo hoi, rurcc mat d~ tra Il10ng cho ta trong nhiing thl gid d6. Ai Il1dibieng nrc la lila g~t dan."

Bac yeu cau mol ngl1di phai can, ca ruroc phai can, Bac viet:

"Ngl1di sieng nang thl mau tien be).

Ca nha sieng nang thl chac am no.

Ca lang sieng nang thl lanq phon thjnh,

Ca rurdc sieng nang thl rurdc rnanh giau."

T6m I~i, can la luon luon co gang, luen luen cham chi, ca nam, ca ddi. Phai thay ro "lao de)ng la

nghia vu thieng lieng, la nguon song, nguon hanh phuc cua moi chung ta". Nhl1ng khong phai

qua trdn, phai biet nuoi dl1dng tinh than va sire Il/Cd~ lam vi~c cho lau dai, Bac cho rang "ll1di

bieng la ke dich cua can", V I v~y, Il1dibieng cOng la ke dich cua dan te)c.

- N6i ve Ki~m: Ki~m la tiet ki~m sire lao de)ng, tiet ki~m thl gid cua dan, cua rurdc, cua ban than

mlnh; tiet ki~m nr cal to, tai cal nho. Ki~m la khong xa xi, khong lang phf, khong blta bal.

Can, ki~m la ph~m chat cua mol ngl1di lao de)ngt rong ddi song trong cong taco Can va ki~m phai

di doi vai nhau, nhir hai chan cua con ngl1di.

31



Can ma khong Ki~m, "thl lam chung nao xao chUng ay" cOng nhu cai thunq khong c6 day, rurdc

d6 vao chUng nao chay ra het chUng ay, khong Ir,l.ihoan khong.

Sac yeu cau "phal lanh dao t6 chirc, giaa due nhan dan tang gia san xuat va tiet ki~m". V1"dan

du an, du m~t thl nhling chfnh sach cua Dang va Chfnh phu dira ra se de dang thirc hi~n. Neu

dan d6i, dot, b~nh thl chfnh sach cua ta du c6 hay may cOng khong thuc hi~n dune".

Cha nen, Ki~m rna khong Can, thl khong tang them, khong phat tri~n diroc, Ma v~t gl khong tien

nrc la thoal,

NhLJngtiet ki~m khong phai la bun xin, khong phai "xem dong tien bang cal nang" g~p vi~c dang

lam cOng khong lam, dang tieu cOng khong tieu. Tiet ki~m khong phai ep bC)dC)i,nhan dan nhjn

an, nhln mac: nhl1ng khi khong nen tleu xal thl mC)tdong xu cOng khong nen tleu. Khi c6 vi~c

dang lam, vi~c fch Ic;licha dong baa, cha t6 quoc, thl baa nhieu cong, ton baa nhleu cua, cOng vui

long. Nhl1 themailaki~m.Vi~cdangtieumakhongtieulabunxin.chll khong phai la ki~m. Tietki~m phai kien quyet khong xa xi. Vi~c dang lam trang mC)tgid ma keo dai hai, ba gid la xa xi.

Can bC),dang vlen an sang, mac dep trang luc dong baa con nghEm, thieu corn, thieu ao la xa xi.

V1v~y, xa xi la c6 tC)ivai t6 quoc, vai dong baa.

N6i ve "Iiem", Sac viet: "Nhling ngl1di a cac cong sa tu lang cha den Chfnh phu trung l1dng deu

tim d!p phat tal, hoac xaay tien cua Chfnh phu hoac khoet due cua nhan dan. Den khi IC)ra, b]

phat thl mat het ca danh gia rna cua phi nghTa d6 cOng khong dL1c;1Cl1ang. V~y nhling ngl1di

trang cong sa phal lay liem lam dau".

"Llern la trang sach, khong tham lam", "luon ton trc;mg,gili gin cua cong va cua dan", "khong xarn

pharn mC)tdong xu, hat th6c cua nha rurdc, cua nhan dan", "khong tham d!a V!, khong tham tien

tat, khong tham tang boc mlnh".

Trang cac bai viet khac, Sac viet: "Chli liem phai di doi vai chli ki~m, cOng nhu chli ki~m phai di

doi vai chli can. C6 li~m mai Iiem dL1c;1C".a, Sac dan Idi Kh6ng TI1 n6i: "Ngl1di rna khong liem,

khong bang sue vat". Cu Marth TI1 n6i: "Ai cOng tham Ic;lithl rurdc se nguy".

N6i ve chfnh, Sac viet: "MC)tngl1di phai can, ki~m, nhunq con phai chfnh mai la ngl1di hoan toan,

Tren qua dat c6 hang muon tri~u ngl1di song, so ngl1di ay c6 th~ chia thanh hai hanq: Ngl1di thien

va ngl1di ac, Trang xa hC)i,tuy c6 tram cong, nghln vi~c, song, nhling cong vi~c ay c6 th~ chia

lam hai thu: vi~c chfnh va vi~c tao

Lam vi~c chfnh, la ngl1di thien.

Lam vi~c ta, la ngl1di ac,

Sieng nang (can), tiet ki~m (ki~m), trang sach (Iiem), chfnh la thien; con Il1dibieng, xa xi, tham

lam la ac, la tao

32



Bac con dan: "Minh la ngl10i lam vi~c can phai co cong tam, cong duc. Chd dem cua cong dung

vao vi~c tl1. Cha dem ngl10i tu larn vi~c congo Vi~c gl cOng phai cong minh, chfnh true, khong nen

VI tir an, tl1 hu~ hay tl1 thu, tu oan, Minh co quyem dung ngl10i thl phai dung nhling ngl10i co tal

nang, lam dtroc vi~c. Chd VI ba con, bau ban rna bo ho vao chirc no, chirc kia. Chd VI so mat long

ma dim nhling ke co tal hen mlnh. Phai trung thanh vdl Chfnh phu, vai dong bao. Cha h~nm~t

lam quan each rnanq " ,

Chfnh con co nghia la ngay thclng, khong ta, la dung dan, chfnh tnrc, Doi vai mlnh khong nr cao,

tl! dal; doi vai ngl10i khong ninh tren, khinh dl1ai, khong doi tra, lila IQc, luon gili thai de)chan

thanh khiern ton, doan ket. Doi vai vi~c thl d~ cong len tren len tnroc vi~c tl1. Dl1c;1Ciao nhi~m vI,I

gl quyet lam cho ky dl1c;1Cvi~c thien du nho may cOng lam, vi~c ac thl du nho may cOng phai

tranh", Theo Bac Ho thl, can, ki~m, liem, chfnh la nhling duc tfnh khong th~ thieu doi vai can be),

dang vien. Bai VI "can be)cac co quan, doan th~; cap cao thl quyen to, cap thap thl quyen nho.

Du to hay nho, co quyen rna thieu ll1dng tam la co d!p due khoet, co d!p an cua dut", "Nhling

ngl10i trong cac cong so deu co nhieu hoac It quyen hanh, Neu khong gili dl1c;1Can, ki~m, liem,

chfnh thl de tra nen tai hal, bien thanh sau mot cua dan". Can, ki~m, liem, chfnh la thl1ac do vanminh, tien be)cua me)tdan te)c. "Me)tdan te)cbiet can, ki~m, liem la me)tdan te)cvan minh, tien

be)".

Ngl10i can be)gili dl1c;1Can, ki~m, liem, chfnh la ngl10i chf cong, vo tu la chfnh tam, than dan - la

ngl10i co y trurc phuc vI,Inhan dan, d~t Ic;lifch cua nhan dan, cua t6 quoc, cua Dang len tren het.

n The Following 2Users Say Thank You to dannhietlanh For This Useful

Post:

~ tiep thea

Chl1dng 03: MOl QUAN H~ GIO'A D~O DUC CACH M~NG vA CHU NGHTA cA NHAN TRONG

.'" ,

TU TUONG HO CHI MINH

Chu tich Ho Chf minh la lanh tu each m~ng quan tam nhieu nhat den van de nang cao dao duc

each rnanq, chong chu nghia ca nhan, D~c bi~t, tlr khi Dang cam quyen, Bac cang quan tam den

van de nay hen, Trong di san rna Bac d~ I~i cho toan Dang, toan dan, co nhieu tac ph~m, bai noi,

bai viet chi ban ve dao duc each m~ng va m~t doi I~p vai dao duc each m~ng la chu nghia ca

nhan,

Theo Bac Ho, chu nghia ca nhan hoan toan tral vai dao duc each manq, D!nh nghia ve chu nghia

ca nhan, Bac Ho viet: "Chu nghia ca nhan la vi~c gl cOng 10cho Ic;lifch rieng cua rnlnh, khong

quan tam den Ic;lifch cua tap th~, mien mlnh beo, mac thlen ha gay".

Hay "chu nghia ca nhan la me)t t t u r rat gian giao, xao quyet, no kheo do danh ngl10i ta di xuong

doc. No la thu vi trung rat de)c, de ra hang tram thu b~nh: Tham 0, hu hoa, lang phf, xa hoa, tham

danh true lei, thfch d! a V!quyen hanh, tl! cao tl! dai, coi thl10ng t~p th~, xem khinh quan chunq,

de)cdoan, de)cquyen, quan lieu, m~nh I~nh, 1l10ibieng v.v ...

VI v~y, d~ gili vling dao duc each m~ng, thl bat cu trong dieu ki~n, hoan canh nao cOng phai

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quyet tam dau tranh chong chu nghia ca nhan, "Chu nghia ca nhan la m9t tra ngt;!.iIan cho vi~c

xay dl/ng chu nghia, cho nen, thang IQicua chu nghia xa h9i khong th~ tach rdi thang IQicua

cuoc dau tranh tu bo chu nghia ca nhan",

Xet moi quan h~ nay, chung ta can nh~n trnrc thong nhat giiia IQi fch chung va IQi rieng. Can

phan bi~t dung dan giiia chu nghia ca nhan va IQi fch ca nhan, Nhl1 noi a tren, theo Bac Ho, chu

nghia ca nhan la vi~c gl cOng nghi den IQi fch rieng cua mlnh tnroc het. HQkhong 10"mlnh VI moi

ngl1di" rna chi muon "mol ngl1di VI mlnh". Cho nen, phai "quet sach chu nghia ca nhan", "Nhl1ng

dau tranh chong chu nghia ca nhan khong phai la gay xeo len IQi fch ca nhan, VI moi ngl1di deu

co ddi song rieng. Moi ngl1di deu co quyen lam giau cho ban than va gia dlnh mlnh; nhirnq nhiing

IQi fch do khong trai vdl IQi fch cua t~p th~, IQi fch cua Dang, cua t6 quoc, dan t9c".

Neu d~ chu nghia ca nhan phat tri~n thl s8 anh hl1ang xau den Dang, dan t9C. Bac chi ra: "M9t

dan t9c, m9t Dang va m9t con ngl1di ngay hom qua la vi dal, co sire hap dan ldn, khong nhat thiet

hom nay va ngay mai van dl1QCmol ngl1di yeu men va ca ngQi neu long da khong trong sang

rnra, neu sa vao chu nghia ca nhan",

Cho nen, chu nghia ca nhan la ke thu cua dao dU'ceach rnanq, ke thu cua chu nghia xa h9i.

Ngl1di each manq, can b9, dang vien phai "quet sach" no.

Chl1dng 04: NGUYEN TAC xA y Dl,1NG vA TU DUONG D~O DUC CACH M~NG

Da tiep thu, ren luy~n va tu dl1dng dao dU'ceach rnanq khong phai ai cOng thirc hi~n dl1Qc.Theo

Bac Ho, thl chi co nhiing ngl1di co cal tam trong sang rndl du ban linh va nang II/C lanh h9i dl1Qc

nhiing chu~n mire cua dao dU'ceach rnanq, Va, khi dao dU'ceach manq da viing roi thl "giau sang

khong quyen rO, nqheo kho khong chuy~n lay, uy vO khong khuat phuc", Day cOng la ph~m chat

cua ngl1di dang vlen c9n9 san. DU'ctfnh tren cOng dl1Qccoi la khf phach cua dang trl1Qng phu cua

thcl phong kien. Nhl1ng vai ngl1di can b9 each manqrn, dao dU'ceach mt;!.ngdu bat lu~n hoan

earth nao deu phal giii mlnh; tnroc su giau sang khong th~ lam cho mlnh them muon, su ngheo

kho cOng khong th~ lam cho mlnh lay chuy~n, nao ruinq; uy quyen, va II/C,hay du phai dU'ng

tnroc cal chet cOng khong th~ lam cho mlnh khuat phuc, dau hang.

Chung ta biet rang, hoc tren sach va thl rat de, nhl1ng vi~c lanh h9i, ren luy~n va thirc hanh la Cl/C

ky kho, Cho nen, muon co dtroc dao dU'ceach manq, moi can b9, dang vien can thirc hi~n tot cac

nguyen tac sau:

01: Noi di doi vai lam, neu gl1dng tot, lam vi~c tot.

Noi di doi vai lam, neu gl1dng tot lam vi~c tot. Day khong chi la nguyen tac ren luy~n rna con la

su phan bi~t giiia dao dU'ceach mt;!.ngva phi dao dU'ceach mt;!.ng.Chung ta biet, noi rna khong

lam la d~c tfnh cua giai cap bee 19t,cho nen, Idi noi phal di doi vai vi~c lam va phai truro hi~n vi~c

lam gl1dng - do la dao dU'ccua ngl1di each rnanq, Bac tung nol: "M9t tam gl1dng song con co gia

tr! hon 100 bai dien van tuyen truyen", "tnrdc mat quan chunq, khong phai cU'viet len tran hai chii

34



cQng san rna ta dllc;1Cho yeu quy. Quan chunq chi quy men nhiing ng1l0i c6 tll each d.;1.0due",

Muon hllong dan nhan dan, mlnh phai lam mire thlloc cho ng1l0i ta bat chtroc. Ho hao dan tiet

ki~m, mlnh phai tiet ki~m tnroc da.." Cho nen, dang vlen phai lam glldng mol m~t cho quan

chunq noi theo. Thirc hi~n dung loi day cua Bac "Dang vien di tnrdc, lang ruroc theo sau". Vi~c

lam glldng phai thirc hi~n 0 mol nol, mol vi~c, phai quan tri~t trong toan Dang va toan h~ thong

chfnh tr], tll can bQcap Trung lldng den t~n co so.

Bac Ho kfnh yeu la tam glldng n6i di doi voi lam. Cho ne n , 0 Ng1l0i c6 sire thuyet phuc ldn, c6

mQt sire hut r na nh li~t lam cho ca dan tQc, cac giai tang xa hQi, cac the h~ ng1l0i Vi~t Nam deu tin

t1l0ng, kfnh phuc, yeu quy va di theo loi keu gQi cua Ng1l0i. Cac vi lanh tu cQng san va nhan dan

yeu chuQng hoa blnh tren the gioi cOng kfnh yeu Ng1l0i.

02: Xay di doi voi chong.

NghTa la dong thai vd l vi~c giao due, xay dl!ng, re n luy~n dao duc each r na nq phal di doi voi dau

tranh chong chu nghTa ca nhan, chong nhiing hanh vi phi dao duc.

Vi~c xay dl!ng dao duc each r na nq khong phai de dang, bOi ai lal khong thfch quyen Il!C, ai thay

vang, tien bac, nha cao clia rQng lal khong ham, cho nen dau tranh d~ thang nhiing ham muon

cua ban than mlnh la mQt cuoc dau tranh gay go va phirc tap, Nhirnq neu chunq ta kien quyet thl

se thanh congo Hon niia, trong Dang, trong moi con ng1l0i V I nhiing Iy do khac nhau, nen khong

phai mol ng1l0i deu tot. Bac Ho chi ro nhiing ke dich can chong tnrcc het la chong th6i quen va

truyen thong lac h~u; va d~c biet la chong chu nghTa ca nhan dang ~n chua trong moi con ng1l0i,

khi c6 dieu ki~n tac dQng n6 se phat tri~n. Cho nen, Bac yeu cau moi can bQ,dang vien "tnrdc

het phai danh thang long ta la ke thu trong mlnh". Va phai phe phan dau tranh loal bo hang tram

thir b~nh do chu nghTaca nhan gay ra V I n6 la v~t can nguy hi~m cho vi~c xay dlfng dao duc

each rnanq , Cho nen, chunq ta chong la nham d~ xay dl!ng, di lien voi xay va lay xay lam chfnh,

lay glldng tot d~ giao due va xay dl!ng dao duc each rnanq cho moi ng1l0i va dao duc trong Dang.

03: Tu dlldng ben bl suot doi.

Bac da chi ro: "Dao duc each rnanq khong phai tren troi sa xuong. N6 do qua trlnh dau tranh ren

luy~n ben b l hang ngay rna phat tri~n va cung co. COng nhir nqoc canq mal canq sang, vang

cang luy~n cang trong".

Vi~c tu dlldng dao duc each rnanq phai tren tinh than tl! giac, tl! nguy~n, dira vao Illdng tam cua

moi ng1l0i va sir d6ng g6p xay dl!ng cua t~p th~ cua quan chunq, Ng1l0i kh~ng dinh, da la ng1l0i

thl ai cOng c6 cho hay, cho dO, cho xau, cho tot, ai cOng c6 thi~n, c6 ac 0 trong mlnh. Nhllng tot,

xau, hien, dii, thi~n, ac deu I~ thuQc vao sir giao due va ran luy~n rna nen. Cho nen, van de la

chunq ta phai biet va dam dOng cam nhln th~ng vao su th~t ban than con ng1l0i mlnh va dira vao

t~p th~ d~ thay cal tot, cai hay d~ phat huy, cai xau, cai ac d~ khac phuc, Da la con ng1l0i thl kh6

tranh khoi vap phai khuyet di~m, sai lam. Van de la phai dOng cam nhln nhan sai lam, khuyet

di~m d~ slia chiia, khac phuc, Va, vi~c tu dlldng dao duc each rnanq phai gan lien voi thirc tien

heat dQng each rnanq, phai ben b l, 0 mol luc, mol nol, mol hoan canh, Bac da viet "nr t1l0ng cQng

san voi nr t1l0ng ca nhan vf nhu lua voi co dt;l.i. Lua phai cham b6n rat kh6 nhQc thl moi tot dllc;1c.

35



C an co da l kho ng can cham s6c cOn g m oe len lu bu. TL1tL1 an gc9n 9 san pha i rEm luy~n m oi c 6

d L1 Qc .C an tL1tL1 an gca n han th l c On g n hL1c o d al, s in h so i, n ay n o ra t de . V I v~y 99t n ia c hu n gh ia

ca n han v f n hL1n ia m ~t th l pha i n ia han g n gay".

C ho n en , xay d l/n g, ren luy~n tu dL1 dn gdao duc each rn anq va cho ng chu n gh ia ca n han la pha i

d L1Q cie ln h an h d o ng th ol, th L1 d n gx uye n , be n bl, suo t dd i tro ng qua trln h ho at d9n 9 each m an q,

T ren day la 3 nguyen tac c o ban ren luy~n dao duc cua ca nhan d~ tra than h n gL1 dic 6 dao duc

each rn anq , M oi c an b9, dan g v i en n eu th irc tam lam thea Id i Bac th l se hoan to an th irc h i~n

d L1 Qc .V I n hlin g d ieu Bac d ay, kho ng pha i c hi c 6 v i n han hay lan h tu m oi th irc h i~n d L1 Qc ,rn a rn oi

n gL1 dideu th irc h i~n d L1 QcV I d 6 la n hlin g d ieu ra t b ln h d ! tro ng c uo c so ng c ua m oi n gL1 di.

V ~n d l,ln g

T L1tL1 an gv e d ao d uc c 6 th ~ n 6i d 6 la h op d i~m tL1tL1 an gv e c an n gL1 d iv a tL1tL1 an gv e v an h oa c ua

Ha C hf M in h.

Vo i c an n gL1 di,Ha C hf M in h c o i d ao duc la go c, la c a i quan trQn g n hat quye t d !n h tfn h each, n rc la

n ha n e ac h, Duc pha i gan vo i ta l va ta i pha i c 6 duc dam baa. Thea NgL1 di,c 6 duc rn a kho ng c6 ta l

th l la rn v i~c g l cOn g kh6, c an c6 ta l m a khon g c6 duc se khon g lam dL1Qcd ieu fc h IQ i cho dd i ,

tha rn ch f c an c6 ha l, s in h ra n hlin g th6 i xau n hL1k ieu can g, n r m an , fc h ky ra i than h hL1ho ng , c 6

kh i pham t9 i. Ba i the , NgL1 did o i ho i c 6 duc pha i c 6 ta i va c6 ta i pha i c 6 d uc .

Van h6a c6 co t lo i c ua n 6 la a dao duc . Th ien - A c, To t- Xau, hay- do deu c6 a can n gL1 d iva ph an

n hieu la ke t qua cua g iao due, Tuy thu9C a m oi trL1 dn g, ho an can h va g iao due n hir the n ao rn a

can n gL1 dic 6 th~ to t hay xau. Do d6, g iao due t r u c e he t va chu yeu la g iao due dao duc , slia

c hira , c ai tao c al x au, vun tran g, t~p luy~n c ai to t. N gL1 dixac d ln h ho c d~ lam v i~c , lam n gL1 di,ho c

d~ phuc vu T5 quo c , phuc vu n han dan , phuc vu g ia i c ap - dan t9c - n han lo al . NgL1 did~c b i~t

c hu trQn g to i c ac duc tfn h rn a g iao due cac duc tfn h th l pha i c ham 1 0 tll be , c 6 sir c h i d an ty m y,

c hu dao , n eu gL1 dn gcua cac thay g iao , c o g iao . G iao due n ha trL1 dn g la trun g tam d~ hln h than h

nhan each, S ong pha i c 6 ho tro Ian n hau g ilia g iao due g ia dlnh - n ha trL1 dn gva x a h9i. N hlin g c hi

d an cua Ha C hf M in h ve dao duc va g iao due th irc han h dao duc deu man g y n gh ia Van hoa dao

duc , tham vao n han th irc , tln h cam , vao han h v i, lo i so ng , sir un g x li c ua can n gL1 di,g ilia n gL1 di

v oi n gL1 ditro n g x a h 9i.

V ~n d l,ln g phL1 dn gc ham x li the c ua n gL1 dix ua , N gL1 din 6i ro d ao d uc c on g d an , trac h n hiern c on g

dan va tha i d9 un g x li d o i vo i dan , gan lien trac h n hi~m va IQ i fc h , quyen va n gh ia vu. Vo i Ha C hf

M in h, c hfn h tr] la d o an ke t va than h kh ie t, tll v i~c n ho to i v i~c Ian . Thea Ha C hf M in h, pha i xay

d lfn g Dang chan ch fn h each rn anq , lam cho Dan g tra than h Dan g cua dao duc va van m in h. Dao

duc each m an q tro ng Dan g, tro ng can b9, dan g v ien , n hat la a n hlin g n gL1 dilan h dao , c am quyen

la ha t n han cua dao duc each rn an q - m 9t nen dao duc rn dl tieu b i~u cho xa h9i rn dl,

D ieu quan tro nq va th ie t th irc la a cho , NgL1 dic h i ro : pha i th irc han h dao duc each rn an q tro ng

36



cong vi~c, trong t6 clurc, trong phong trao thi dua yeu nL1aC,rong loi song va hanh vi cua can be)

cong chirc d~c bi~t la nhling ngL1dilanh dao c6 chirc c6 quyem. Ghu trc;mgboi dL1dngtlnh cam

each rnanq, dem nhling ne)idung mol, tinh than d6i mai va quyet tam d6i rndl d~ xay dl/ng dao

duc each rnanq, Suc c6 rnanh mai ganh dL1c;1C~ng va di dL1c;1Ca. NgL1dieach m~ng phai c6 dao

duc each rnanq rndl lam nen su nghi~p. Can be)phai tfch Cl/Cgan gOi m~t thiet vai quan chung

nhL1rnau vd l thit, nhu ca v dl r nrd c ,

NgL1dican d~n can be)dang vien, du bat cu a CL1dngvi gl, gili trc;mgtrach gl cOng phai luon sau

sat dan va hL1angtai dan, V I dan. Phai t~n trung vai nL1aC,~n hieu vai dan, lam day to va cong

be)ccua dan, do do phai dan chu, khong rol vao "quan chu", la day to chir khong phai len m~t

quan each rnanq", Lam dieu Ic;licho dan, tranh dieu hal cho dan du chi la me)tcai hal nhcl. Khong

dam baa cong bang lam cho long dan khong yen thl do la dieu nguy hal cho che de).

Dao duc each m~ng a trong Dang doi hoi phai neu cao tfnh tien phong gL1dngmau, dau tranh phS

blnh va nr phe blnh, c6 Iy c6 tlnh, thau tlnh dat Iy, an a vdl nhau c6 tlnh c6 nghTa, phai c6 tlnh

thL1dngyeu dong chf, gili gin su su doan ket trong Dang nhL1gili gin can ngL1dicua mat mlnh.

Gong chirc nha nL1aCphai t~n tam t~n Il/c vai cong vi~c, chap hanh lu~t phap, ton trc;mgky lu~tcong vu, thi hanh dao duc cong chirc,

Ai nay deu biet 6 dieu NgL1diday Gong an nhan dan, trong do c6 nhling Idi tharn thfa: vai chfnh

phu phai tuy~t doi trung thanh, vai dan phal kfnh tronq Ie phep, Day la nhling Idi day chung cho

tat ca mol ngL1di,tham nhuan dao duc va van hoa dao duc rna n6i b~t la Van h6a tronq dan va

tronq phap,

- 5 dieu Bac Ho day thieu nlen nhi dong vai nhling ne)i dung: yeu T6 quoc, yeu dong baa, yeu lao

de)ng, khiern ton, th~t tha, dOng cam la nhling bal hoc chu~n bi cho the h~ tre vao ddi lam cong

dan tot cua nha rurdc, lam chien sTtrung thanh cua che de).

Dao duc each m~ng can doi hoi t~y tnr nhling th6i xau: t~ lang phf, quan lieu, tham 0, tham

nhOng, lang phf la khong thL1dngdan, moi dong tien bat g~o ma chung ta tleu dung deu tlr mo hoi

rurdc mat cua dan, thL1dngdan thl phai tiet ki~m. Tham a la an cap cua cong, an cap cua dan, lac6 te)ivai dan, la te)iac va ke thu cua che de)maioThirc hanh dao duc each m~ng thl phai ra sire

dau tranh chong quan lieu tham nhOng, dau tranh chong chu nghTa ca nhan, D6 la me)tcuoc dau

tranh lau da', gian kh6 chong lal nhling th6i hL1t~t xau trong can ngL1dirnlnh, cuoc dau tranh d6

am tharn va quyet li~t, c6 khong I t sir dau dan a trong long.

~ tiep thea

- Dao duc each rnanq doi vdl tu6i tre, vdl thanh nlen cang tra nen quan tronq d~ nuoi dL1dnghoal

baa, chf khf ldn, nghi hrc dau tranh cho chan Iy, dao Iy, tlnh thuonq, Ie phai, Trung thl/c - Khiem

ton - Doan ket - Vi tha- Nhan ai - Khoan dung, d6 la nhling duc tfnh va gia tr] dao due rna NgL1di

ra sue trurc hi~n a moi can ngL1di.Lal c6 me)tdieu tham thfa khac, NgL1dican d~n thanh nlen: tu6i

tre phai c6 chf tien thu, hoai baa 1 0 vi~c ldn, V I nL1aC I dan tre phai biet tranh xa danh vonq,

quyen hrc V I nhling cal d6 de lam hL1hong can ngL1di.

NgL1dikhong chi neu len nhling ne)idung phong phu cua dao duc each m~ng rna can gc;lima baa

37



d ieu quV g ia khac ve g iao due , th irc h i~n d ao d uc eac h rn an q, T heo N gL1 0i,phuo nq phap pha i

th fc h ho p, m em d im , lin h ho at, da dun g I~ i c o n pha l kheo n iia th l rn dl co sire thuye t phuc lo ng

ngL10 i .

N gL1 0id a n an g phL1 0n gphap g iao due va trurc han h dao d uc eac h rn an q lem tam phL1 0n gphap tL1

tL1 0n g, lem trln h d 9 kho a hQ Cva n gh~ thua t, c o sue la i c uo n, thuye t phuc rn an h m e lo ng n gL1 0i0

m ol do i tL1 Qn g,an g lap, the h~.

NhL1da no i 0 tren , sire thuye t phuc rn an h m e cua dao duc Ho C hf M in h khan g ch i 0 trf tu~, tL1

tL1 0n grn a c o n la 0 sir kheo leo , tin h te nha t la 0 tam gL1 0n gtro n g san g, m au m ire ve dao duc cua

N gL1 0itro ng do i so ng d ao duc han g n gay.

N gL1 0id a th irc h i~n n ha t quan g iiia tL1tL1 0n gd ao d uc va han h d 9n 9 dao d uc . S uo t m 9t d oi t~n tuy

V I dan , V I nL 1OC ,N gL1 0ila bi~u tL1 c;1 n ga o q uV c ua d uc h y sin h, 1 0c ho d an , so n g V I d an , th au h i~u

dan tlnh, dan sin h, d an V , tro than h lan h tl,l c ua dan , than d an va c hfn h tam . T ln h thL1 0n gyeu r9n g

Ian cua NgL1 0id o i vo i n han dan , d o ng bao la khan g bao g iO thay d6i. Lo tn ro c th ien ha , vui sauth len ha, d o la phL1 0n gcham un g x li va han h d9n 9 cua NgL1 0i.

NgL10 ila la nh tu gan dan , so ng tro ng lo ng dan , den vo i d an chan tlnh cO i m o , khan g m 9t c hut n ao

x a I~ , quan eac h,

NgL1 0iso ng m 9t C U9Cso ng da rn bac , d o ng cam vo i dan , lam ta t c a n hiin g g l c o th~ lam dL1 c;1 C~

c ham 1 0C U 9Cso n g ha ng n gay n hiin g lc ;1 ic h th L1 0n g n h~t c ua d an .

NgL1 0itiep xuc vo i m oi tan g lap n han dan tlt c h fn h khach , trf th irc c ao cap to i dan thL1 0n gd~ m L1 U

c au han h phuc th ie t than han g n gay c ua ho . N gL1 0itrun g than h d en cun g vo i rn uc lieu IV tL1 0n gd a

theo du6i rn a th irc c ha t la d~ c ho m ol n gL1 0idan d L1 c;1 Co ng tro ng d 9C I~p n r d o, c o d9C I~p tl/ d o

th l m di c o han h phuc , V I the , NgL1 0idam n han ch irc vu Ian h dao tro ng sir tin n hi~m tuy~t d o i c ua

dan m a van ch i n ghT do la b6n phan , trac h n hlern c an g dan cua rn ln h, g io ng n hL1m 9t n gL1 0iIfn h

van g I~n h quo c dan don g bao ra m ~t tran rn a tha i.

NgL1 0id a c o bie t bao n hieu chuyen d i can g tac 0 tro ng va n go ai n L1 Oc .D en d au, N gL 10 ic On g g ia n

d ! tl/ n hlen quan tam th irc su to i C U9Cso ng cua dan chun q, an can , c hu dao , c ham 1 0cho ta t c a ,

c h i quen m ln h. T ro ng tra l tim cua m oi n gL1 0iV i~t Nam thuo c cac the h~ khac n hau, Ho C hf M in h

la d on g n ghT a vo i su k fn h yeu, b ie t O n, n gL1 dn gm 9. V oi dao d uc , n han eac h c ua N gL1 0i,n gay den

ke thu c On g pha i n ~ tro nq ,

C ho den n hiin g n arn cuo i dO i, NgL1 0ic o n tn rc tiep lam v i~c vo i H9i n qh ] n qan h Than , tim h i~u can

ke V I sao n qan h k in h te - ky thua t c an g n gh~ n ay I~ i c o ch ieu hL1 0n gg iam sut va pha i v l/C d~y n hu

the n ao , NgL1 0itrue tiep slia c h ira d ieu I~ HQp tac xa n an g n gh i~p va tro ng ban thao D i chuc c o n

gh i, NgL10 ic hu tn ro nq m ien thue n ang n gh i~p cho ba co n nan g dan d~ ba co n yen tam ph an khO i

san x uat, uo c n guy~n c ua N gL1 0id a than h su that, N gL1 0iho c d L1 c;1 Ca i ho c an dan tr] quo c c ua

an g cha ta , 1 0an sin h d~ an dan . NgL1 0ilam v i~c vo i Ban Tuyen huan Trun g L1 0n g(n ay la Ban TL1

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tl1ang van hoa Trung l1ong) d~ ban ve cuec van dQng ngl10i tot vi~c tot... cho den phut cuoi cung

tren gil10ng b~nh, Ngl10i van 1 0cho dan nai 1 0 lut, mong tin chien trl10ng mien Nam thang Ian.

Muon van tlnh thl10ng cua Ngl10i d~ lal cho dOi, chi riemg Ngl10i "quem noi mlnh dau d~ nha

chung" ... "Nang niu tat ca chi quen mlnh" ... MQt Can ngl10i voi dao duc va Nhan each nhu the da

di vao [ch sli, bat tli trong long dan.

Ho Chf Minh di vao c6i vinh hang, tra ve voi the gioi Ngl10i Hien da hen 1/3 the ky nay. Sl/ nghi~p

d6i md i thea d inh hl10ng xa hQi chu nghia do Dang ta khai Xl10ng va lanh dao da gan 20 nam,

tfnh tlt Dr,l.ihQi VI ( 12/1986) den nay.

Khoang thoi gian d6 da du d~ sinh thanh mQt the h~. Ngl10i da di xa nhimq ai cOng cam thay nhu

Ngl10i van a ben earth chung ta, c6 vO khuyen khfch nhiing vi~c lam tot, nhac nha giup dB chung

ta nhiing yeu kern, han che, slia chiia nhiing khuyet di~m sai lam d~ tien bQtrl1ang thanh,

Trang thoi ky phat tri~n rndl hi~n nay cua each rnanq Vi~t Nam, Dang ta da xac dlnh: Phat tri~n

kinh te la trc;mgtam, xay dl/ng Dang la then chat, xay dl/ng nen van hoa Vi~t Nam tlen tien, d~m

da ban sac dan tQc, lam cho van hoa tra thanh nen tang tinh than cua xa hQi. Bat err mQt linh virc

nao cua doi song xa hQi, bat cu mQt heat dQng nao cua t6 chirc va ca nhan mQt ngl10i, dao duc

cOng th~ hi~n vai tro quan tronq cua n6.

Thieu vang hoac yeu kern ve dao duc, can ngl10i khong c6 nhan tfnh day du, khong phat tri~n

dl1Qcnhan tfnh d~ thanh ngl10i va lam ngl10i.

Suy thoal dao duc, xa hQikhong th~ phat tri~n ben viing tren tat ca cac linh vl/c tlt kinh te den

chfnh tr], van hoa va xa hQi.

Trang h~ thong cac dQng Il/C phat tri~n xa hQi, dao duc la mQt dQng Il/Ct inh than khong th~ thieu.

Chung ta dang dau tranh quyet li~t chong quan lieu tham nhOng nhir mQt t rQng b~nh, nhu mQt

quoc nan d~ dam baa moi trl10ng xa hQi - nhan van lanh rnanh cho sir phat tri~n kinh te, 6n dinh

chfnh tr] va dong thuan xa hQi.

Tlnh hlnh d6 doi hoi phai chu trcnq xay dl/ng dao duc xa hQiva giao due tu dl1Bng dao duc ca

nhan, Vao luc nay, thirc hanh dao duc each rnanq, chong chu nghia ca nhan, noi thea tam gl10ng

sang dao duc Ho Chf Minh tra nen vo cung cap thiet, buc xuc, D6 can la van de co ban, lau dai

doi voi sir phat tri~n, hi~n dal hoa xa hQia ruroc tao

Tnrdc het d6 la thirc hanh dao duc each rnanq trong Dang, tlt can bQdang vien den cac t6 chirc

dang.

D6 can la giao due va th irc hanh dao duc each rnanq trong dQi ngO cong chirc cua Nha rn rdc ,

Cang di vao xay dl/ng Nha ruroc phap quyen canq phai chu tronq toi dao duc cong clurc, dao duc

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cong dan. D6 la dam baa cho dao duc xa h¢i va tang c1l0ng tfnh nhan van cua phap quyen dan

chu, Giao due dao duc each rnanq cho the h~ tre, cho thanh thieu nien, hoc sinh, sinh vlen cOng

nhu giai trf thirc, van ngh~ sTcOng la m¢t doi tllc;mgxa h¢i can d~c bi~t quan tam. Dl vao kinh te

th] tr1l0ng, xay dl/ng dao duc cua tang lap doanh nhan, cua ng1l0i san xuat kinh doanh cunq vai

phap lu~t se dam baa cho van hoa kinh doanh dlnh hlnh va phat tri~n. Vi~c thirc hanh dao duc

each rnanq thea glldng sang dao duc Ho Chf Minh nhu v~y se baa quat toan di~n cac doi tllQng

xa h¢i, nr trong Dang, trong Nha ruroc tai cac c¢ng dong dan cu N6i di doi vai lam thea nr tllang

Ho Chf Minh, thong nhat nhan thirc vdl hanh d¢ng hllang tai co S O , tai dan chung la rnuc dfch va

thuoc do tfnh trung thirc dao duc rna chunq ta can dat tai V I rnuc lieu dan giau, ruroc rnanh, xa h¢i

cong bang, dan chu, van

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Tieu Luan TT HCM

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