Tier II – Secondary Interventions
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Transcript of Tier II – Secondary Interventions
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Tier II – Secondary InterventionsNW PBIS Network
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Who is the NorthWest PBIS Network?
Supporting educators, families and community members to implement and sustain positive, effective and culturally inclusive environments to achieve social and academic outcomes for All children and youth.
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PBIS Events • Oct 19th – Fall PBIS Coaches Institute, Eugene, OR• Nov 3rd-4th – Fall PBIS Conference, Seattle• Nov 5th – PBIS Classroom Workshop Jessica Sprick, Seattle• Nov 5th-7th - SWIS Facilitator Training, Seattle• Nov 5th – ISIS-SWIS Facilitator Training, Seattle• Jan 30th – Winter PBIS Coaches Institute, Spokane
• Learn More at www.pbisnetwork.org
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Logistics
• Clock Hours • Sign in each day & submit at the end of the last day
you attend at the Clock Hours Table• Lunch – Vegetarian/Special Diet Process • Badges – Please Wear At All Times• Internet Access –• Evaluations – Turn At End of Day 2 To Presenter For A
Chance to Win A Free Registration for Our Conference• Handouts
• www.pbisnetwork.org• Go to Resources Page
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3 Day Preview• Day 1 & 2
• Overview, Rationale and Readiness
• Getting Started• Initial Implementation• Working with Parents• Monitoring and
Decision Making• Trouble Shooting
• Day 3 – Follow-up• Successes and
Challenges• Maintaining or
expanding implementation
• Preparation for Tier III
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Day 1• Welcome and Introductions• Review of PBIS and Individual Systems• Overview of Secondary (Tier II) Interventions• Getting started• Initial Implementation• Student Identification
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INTRODUCTION
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The Challenge
• Students come to school without skills to respond to instructional and behavioral expectations (Sprague, Sugai & Walker, 1998)
• Teachers report that uncivil behavior is increasing and is a threat to effective learning (Skiba and Peterson, 2000)
• Students who display severe problem behavior are at-risk for segregated placement (Reichle, 1990)
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Exclusion and punishment are the most common responses to severe problem behavior in schools (Lane & Murakami, 1987; Patterson, Reid & Dishon, 1992)
Exclusion and punishment are ineffective at producing long-term reduction in problem behavior (Costenbader & Markson, 1998; Walker et al., 1996)
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The Response
“Schools that are safe, effective, and controlled are not accidents.”
(Sugai, Sprague, Horner & Walker, 2000)
• Need • a prevention focus• to build school capacity to support all students• a continuum of behavior support
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PBIS
• PBIS is a broad range of systemic & individualized strategies for achieving important social & learning outcomes while preventing problem behavior
• PBIS is the integration of (a) valued outcomes, (b) science of human behavior,(c) validated procedures, and (d) systems change
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SYST
EMS
PRACTICES
DATASupportingStaff Behavior
SupportingDecisionMaking
SupportingStudent Behavior
PositiveBehaviorSupport OUTCOMES
Social Competence &Academic Achievement
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Academic Systems Behavioral Systems
1-5% 1-5%
5-10% 5-10%
80-90% 80-90%
Tertiary Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•High Intensity
Tertiary Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•Intense, durable procedures
Secondary Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response
Secondary Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response
Primary Interventions•All students•Preventive, proactive
Primary Interventions•All settings, all students•Preventive, proactive
Designing School-wide Systems for Student Success
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Tier I – Universal Key Features
1. Identify a common purpose and approach to discipline
2. Define a clear set of positive expectations and behaviors
3. Implement procedures for teaching expected behavior
4. Differentiate supports from a continuum of procedures for encouraging expected behavior
5. Differentiate supports from a continuum of procedures for discouraging inappropriate behavior
6. Implement procedures for on-going monitoring and evaluation
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Check-in
Tier I – Universal
• How are you doing with Tier I? • Successes
• Challenges
• Concerns
• Data sources• TIC, ODR, SET, BoQ, …
• For any concerns or challenges, add an item to your action plan
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OVERVIEW OF INDIVIDUAL STUDENT SYSTEMS
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Purpose
• To describe considerations & procedures for developing & sustaining individual student systems
• This system will expand Tier I supports to Tier II and Tier III systems
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Challenges to ISS
• Students
• Problem behaviors are high intensity &/or frequency• Too many students display significant problem
behavior at any one time• Problem behaviors are disrupting learning & teaching
environments• Problem behaviors are difficult to understand• Interventions are ineffective
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• Schools
• Not enough minutes in the day to collect information and develop interventions
• Administrative leadership & support is lacking, unavailable, or underdeveloped
• Staff are unable or untrained to implement interventions
• Overemphasis on form, policy, or regulation rather than on process
• Lack of continuum of positive behavior support
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Considerations
• Behavior must be considered within context in which it is observed
• As intensity of problem behavior increases, so must intensity & complexity of functional behavioral assessment & behavior support planning process
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• Individuals who develop & implement behavior support plans must be behaviorally competent & able to…• conduct fluently FBA-BIP• facilitate efficient development,
implementation, evaluation of BIPs• collect & analyze student performance data • develop academic & social BIPs that are
based on research validated practice.
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• The longer problem behavior has been occurring, the more resistant it may be to intervention
• Staff need sustained & effective support to respond effectively & efficiently to significant problem behavior
• Efficient team-based approach & process to problem solving must be in place
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Tier I - Universal
• School-wide discipline system for all students, staff, & settings that is effective for 80% of students• Clearly & positively stated expectations• Procedures for teaching expectations• Continuum of procedures for teaching expectations• Continuum of procedures for encouraging expectations • Continuum of procedures for discouraging rule violations• Procedures for monitoring & modifying procedures
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Tier II - Secondary Specialized group administered system for
students who display high-risk problem behavior & are unresponsive to universal interventions • Functional assessment based intervention decisions• Daily behavioral monitoring• Regular & frequent opportunities for positive reinforcement• Home-school connection• Individualized academic accommodations for academic success • Planned social skills instruction• Behaviorally based interventions
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Tier III - Tertiary Specialized individually administered system for
students who display most challenging problem behavior & are unresponsive to targeted group interventions• Simple request for assistance• Immediate response (24-48 hours• Functional behavioral assessment-based behavior support
planning• Team-based problem solving process • Data-based decision making• Comprehensive service delivery derived from a wraparound
process
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General Process1. Establish Behavior Support Team to guide/lead process
2. Secure & establish behavioral competence within school
3. Develop/strengthen three level system of school-wide behavior support:
• Universal Interventions• Secondary Interventions • Individual Interventions
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4. Establish data decision system for matching level of intervention to student
• Simple & direct request for assistance process for staff• Data decision rule for requesting assistance based on number of
major behavioral incidents
5. Establish a continuous data-based system to monitor, evaluate, & improve effectiveness & efficiency
• Are students displaying improved behaviors?• Are staff implementing procedures with high fidelity?• What can be modified to improve outcomes?• What can be eliminated to improve efficiency?
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Check-in
Individual Student Systems
• Do you have a team that supports teachers with at-risk students? • Available to all staff? Parents?
• How do teachers access support?
• Strengths, challenges for this team?
• Data sources• Committee Review Worksheet, Staff Handbook,
general knowledge…
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OVERVIEW OF SECONDARY INTERVENTIONS
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Purpose
• Provide an overview of Tier II/Secondary Interventions that are group systems for supporting students who are at-risk for significant problem behavior
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Guiding Principles
• At-risk students benefit from:• clearly defined expectations• frequent feedback• consistency• positive reinforcement
• Problem behavior and academic success are often linked
• Behavior support begins to develop effective adult-student relationships
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Important Themes
• Part of a continuum• link to school-wide PBIS system
• Efficient and effective way to identify students
• Assessment allows you to make a simple sort• match students to interventions
• Intervention matched to presenting problem but not highly individualized
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However,
• There is a difference between how to teach and what to teach
• How = Evidence-Based Practices• Social skills, self-management, daily
monitoring
• What = Skill identification, Types and range of groups/programs
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Consideration
• Not fixed group. Membership can change based on need
• Student’s needs vary across continuum over time and within academic/social area
• Least intrusive but matched to student need• effective and efficient
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Critical Features
Intervention is continuously availableRapid access to intervention (less than a week)Very low effort by teachersPositive system of support
• Students agree to participateImplemented by all staff/faculty in a schoolFlexible intervention based on assessment
• Function-based
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Check-in, Check-out Basics
Daily behavioral monitoring• self- and/or adult
Regular, frequent opportunities for positive reinforcement• tangible to social• external to internal• predictable to unpredictable• frequent to infrequent
Home-school connection
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Other Strategies & GroupsBehavioral contractsAdult mentor/monitorTargeted social skills
instruction• problem solving• conflict management
Self-management programming
Academic restructuring
• Lunch Buddies• Friendship Circles• Homework Club• Focused Counseling
• Anger management• grief and loss• parent divorce• ….
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Review of Existing Options(Adapted from Horner & Todd, 2002)
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Activity
Review of Existing Options
• List all currently available Tier II programs
• For each program rate them across the different possible features
• Determine if you have (a) overlap in types of programs or (b) gaps in support options
• Check to make sure all programs have (a) easy student identification and (b) clear request for assistance processes
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Working Example: Behavior Education Program (BEP) (March & Horner, 1998)
Need• 7% of students with chronic problem behavior• Targeted, group based intervention needed• Expected to work for most but not all students• Interventions must be functional assessment
based
24 students in Secondary Interventions
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Referrals per Student
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BEP Features
Students identified with multiple office referralsStudent-parent-school contract formedConnection to school-wide expectationsIndividualized, daily monitoring
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BEP Set-up
Teach students, teachers, & parents routinesEstablish school & home reinforcersEstablish data collection systemConduct abbreviated FBAs
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BEP Daily Cycle
1. Check in office at arrival to school• Reminder binder• Pre-corrections• Turn in previous days signed Daily Progress
Report (DPR) form• Pick-up new DPR form• Review daily goals
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2. At each class• Student completes DPR card• Teacher checks & initials
3. Check out at end of day• Review the points & goals for the day• Receive reinforcer if goal met• Take successful day card home• Pre-corrections
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4. Give successful day card to parent(s)• receive reinforcer from parent• have parent sign card
5. Return signed card next day
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Student Recommended for BEP/CICO
BEP/CICO Implemented
ParentFeedback
Regular Teacher Feedback
AfternoonCheck-out
Morning Check-in
CoordinatorSummarizes Data
For Decision Making
Bi-weekly Meetingto Assess Student
Progress
Exit Program
ReviseProgram
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Daily Progress Report
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Tracking Student BEP Progress (number = % of total daily points)
Date Jason Leanne Juan Kiran Alexa
1/16/03 85 95 100 80 651/17/03 100 100 100 75 771/18/03 77 0 100 85 631/19/03 45 75 95 92 851/20/03 88 89 77 89 901/23/03 79 0 100 95 951/24/03 95 67 85 100 78
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Daily Data-based Decision-Making
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Clackamas ESD Video
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyhnHjBLW5BSIZwyNVDYrEZvVsAITVpb9
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Evidence-Base Summary
1. Typical schools are able to implement the BEP/CICO successfully.
2. Use of the BEP/CICO is related to reduced levels of problem behavior, and, for some students, increased levels of academic engagement
3. The BEP/CICO is likely to be effective with 60-75% of at risk students.
4. Students who do not find adult attention rewarding appear least likely to respond successfully to the BEP/CICO.
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Is My School Ready to Implement?
School-wide system of behavior support in place
Staff buy-in for implementationAdministrative support
• Time & money allocated
No major changes in school climate• e.g., teacher strikes, administrative turnover, major changes
in funding
Implementation a top priority
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Activity
Readiness Checklist
• Tier I systems in-place? Yes No
• Staff buy-I for implementation? Yes No
• Administrative support? Yes No
• No major changes in school? Yes No
• Implementation a top priority? Yes No
Decision• Proceed with Tier II Implementation
• Develop action plan to improve Tier I
• Reconsider Tier II at this time
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GETTING STARTED
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Purpose
• To examine the elements needed to begin Tier II Interventions and begin the planning process for implementing these interventions in your school
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Review: Critical Features
Intervention is continuously availableRapid access to intervention (less than a week)Very low effort by teachersPositive system of support
• Students agree to participateImplemented by all staff/faculty in a schoolFlexible intervention based on assessment
• Function-based
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What’s in a Name?• Behavior Education
Program (BEP)
• Kennedy Card Program
• Hello, Update, & Goodbye (HUG program)
• Check and Connect
• HAWK (Helping a Winning Kid)
• Keep positive
• Consider use school mascot for acronym
• Caution with Using Behavior Card or Behavior Plan
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Resources: Time & Materials
Adequate time scheduled for coach, coordinator and team
meetings
Forms • Daily Progress Report (DPR)
• Request for Assistance (RFA)
• Brief FBA
• Parent permission
• Student contract
• Tracking sheets
School supplies for participants
Reinforcements for participants
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Key Team Members
Coordinator Check-In, Check-Out Coach(es)
Based on number of students needing support RecorderTeam members for decision making support
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Task Time
Attend/Contribute to weekly meetings
45 minutes/Once per week
Assist with In-services 2 hours/As needed
Assist with Parent/Student Orientation
45-60 minutes/As needed
Team Time Commitments
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Personnel: Coordinator• Take care of requests for assistance
• Make placement decision based on program requirements if meeting is not in next 24 to 48 hours
• Organize and maintain records• Gather supplemental information for meetings• Prioritize students for team meetings• Schedule parent/student orientation• Update teachers on student’s identified goals and
progress (initial, during , exiting)• Collaborate with coach(es) outside of team meetings
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Personnel: Coach(es)
Flexibility within job responsibility (e.g., educational asst., counselor, behavior asst., …)
Maintain check-in/out procedureCollect and record daily progress goalCreate graphs that reflect students daily goal
percentage weeklyCollaborate with Coordinator outside of team
meetings
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Personnel: Recorder/MinutesRecords information at team meetings
• Discussion of agenda items• To do list and assignments on meeting minutes
• Ensures that meeting minutes are distributed to all members
• Makes sure that previous minutes are available during the meetings
* Can be coach, coordinator, etc.
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Personnel: Team Members
• Contribute to decision making for students• Complete Orientation to System meetings• Gather supplemental information • Participate in staff development workshops• Contribute to feedback sessions• Complete any assigned tasks from meeting
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Activity
Establish a Team
• Identify Team members and Roles• Coordinator
• Coach(es)
• Recorder
• Members
• Decide upon a name for the program
• Set a regular meeting time and place
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STAFF ORIENTATION
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Purpose
• Brief review of evidence-based recommendations for effective professional development
• Provide suggested outline for a staff orientation to present the Tier II process at the beginning of the year
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Effective Training Basics
• Present the theory or evidence and rationale for the topic
• Demonstrate or illustrate the practice
• Provide opportunity to ask questions, clarify and/or practice
• Provide prompt feedback about fidelity and outcomes of their efforts
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Staff Orientation (1-3 hours)
• Explain link to Tier I
• Provide rationale for Tier II interventions• Appropriate students• Request for assistance• Brief assessment
• Provide examples of daily process• DPR form• Check-in, Check-out• Teacher role
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• Monitoring and Decision-making• Maintain• Fade, graduate• Move to Tier III supports
• Opportunities to practice, review forms
• Consider booster sessions during the year
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Activity
Staff Orientation
• Create a detail plan for you staff orientation
• Consider• Who will be involved in the training
• What materials will you use• Presentation
• Videos
• Hand-outs
• Determine when the orientation will be
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STUDENT IDENTIFICATION
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Purpose
• Examine the elements that need to be in place so effective decision making can occur regarding student identification and placement on Tier II interventions
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Student Recommended for BEP/CICO
BEP/CICO Implemented
ParentFeedback
Regular Teacher Feedback
AfternoonCheck-out
Morning Check-in
CoordinatorSummarizes Data
For Decision Making
Bi-weekly Meetingto Assess Student
Progress
Exit Program
ReviseProgram
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At-Risk Students
• CharacteristicsDisorganizedSensitive to change,
stressHistory of low levels of
reinforcementHistory of poor
relationshipsLow self-esteem
• Example Behaviors• Out of seat• Disruptive• Talks out/back• Unprepared• Tardy• No work completion• Low level
aggression/horseplay• …
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Students Appropriate for Tier II
• Appropriate• Low-level problem
behavior (not severe)
• Low rate behavior (2-5 major referrals)
• Behavior occurs across multiple locations
• Inappropriate• Serious or violent
behaviors/ infractions
• Chronic behavior (6+ major referrals)
• Require more individualized support
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Not Intended for Students with
Dangerous/violent studentsStudents who bring a weapon to schoolStudents who injure/may injure themselvesStudents with a high number of major referralsStudents who find adult attention aversive
(Tier II may work with modified support)Students for whom the team believes need
comprehensive and intensive support
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Beyond ODRs
• May miss students in special education settings with persistent or violent behavior who may not generate ODRs
• May not identify students with internalizing behaviors
• May not identify students with many minors but few majors
• May not reflect that some teachers refer students to the office and some do not
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Internalizing Behaviors
• Behaviors displayed inwardly toward self
• Typically self-imposed, may not occur frequently, and appear to allow the student to avoid social events
• Examples: • not interacting with other people• overly shy or timid• withdrawing or avoiding social situations • fearful or submissive• …
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Externalizing Behaviors
Behaviors displayed outwards towards others or environment
Typically occur too often or too much
Examples: • aggression towards people, animals or things• arguing, defiant or non-compliant• calling out or disruptive• Hyperactivity• …
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Who Can Refer a Student?• Teacher• Administrator• Parent • Student/Self• Tier I Team
• ODRs• Absences and tardies• In school detentions (lunch time or after school)• Time out/Think Time/Refocus
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Request for Assistance is
made
Request is more than 24 hours prior to Meeting1. Coordinator contacts parent for permission2. Coordinator relays addition of student to coach and defines a behavior goal3. Coach meets with student and explains the SI daily cycle and reinforcement system
At Weekly Scheduled Meeting
1. Secondary Intervention’s Inventory is completed 2. Placement decision is made
NO YES
1. Team discusses possible options/ suggestions that the referring person may utilize to help the student display expected behaviors.2. Team decision as to how these suggestions are delivered
1. Behavior Goals and instructional plan are defined and recorded
2. Coordinator obtains permission (if not gotten already) and schedules orientation
Parent/Student1. Start positive2. Provide Rational3. Explain daily cycle and parent responsibility4. Student and parent sign contract & permission
PARENT
STUDENT
TEACHER/ADMIN
PBIS TEAM
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Request for Assistance• Required
• Students Name• Date of Referral• Name of Referring Person• Reason for Referral
• Description of problem behavior• When the behavior occurs• Hypothesized reason/function for the behavior
• Optional• Goal for the student• What have you tried prior to referral
• Teaching, environment/structural changes, consequences
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Activity
Request for Assistance
• As a team, review the RFA examples provided. Highlight the information that your team feels would be useful for your school’s RFA.
• Adopt/modify one of the provided examples or design your own RFA form
• Determine the process for teachers to access and turn-in the RFA form
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Day 2
• Welcome and Team Updates• Assessment• Working with Parents and Students• Daily Cycle• Monitoring & Decision Making• Trouble Shooting• Team Work Time
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Check-in
Team Updates
• How are you doing with Tier II?
• Success from yesterday
• When will you present to staff?
• Questions or Concerns from yesterday?
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BRIEF ASSESSMENT
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Purpose• To provide a process for completing a Brief FBA once a request
has been made
• Used to determine if one or more of the Tier II interventions is appropriate for the student or if another level of support is needed
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Why Use a FBA?
FBA data support effective and efficient behavior support planning, a major goal of BIP (e.g., Carr et al., 1999; Didden et al., 1997)
FBA produces data on how system can:• Prevent problem behavior• Identify and teach alternative behaviors• Encourage appropriate behaviors• Discourage problem behavior
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Levels of FBAFull FBAs:
• Record review, full interviews, observations• Specify problem behavior and contingencies
within routines for purpose of individualized intervention design
Simple FBAs:• Brief interview• Specify problem behavior, routines surrounding
problem behavior, and function of behavior for purpose of selecting type of Tier II intervention
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Other Useful InformationAnalysis of minor write-upsInterview: teacher, parent studentMedication/MedicalAttendanceAcademic
• Standardized Test Scores• 9 weeks grades
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Brief FBA
• Examples – • FACTS• Brief FBAI Tier II• Guess & Check
• Necessary components• Strengths• Problem behavior
• What is happening?
• Triggering antecedents• When does it happen/set it off?
• Maintaining Consequences• Why does it happen/need?
• Setting events• What makes it worse/set it up?
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Function Based Logic:Competing Behavior Pathway
Setting event
NoneAntecedent
Preferred peerProblem Behavior
Talking
Maintaining Consequence
GainPeer attention
Alternative Behavior
Peer helper
Existing Consequence
GradesMore work
Desired Behavior
Work quietly
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Richland School District Video
http://www.rsd.edu/teach-learn/response-to-intervention.html
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Activity
Brief FBA
• Using the Brief FBA examples, adopt or modify one of these for your schools assessment
• Be sure to include:• Strengths
• Problem behavior
• Triggering antecedents
• Maintaining Consequences
• Setting events
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Adding Students to Tier II
• Based on the results of the Brief FBA identify students appropriate for Tier II interventions
• Discuss the chosen intervention with the parent/guardian and receive appropriate permission
• Teach the chosen intervention to the student and obtain their commitment to the program
• Keep these interactions brief, positive and collaborativeAllow time for questions and concerns
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Student Doesn’t Match Tier II
Optionsneed referral for more intensive intervention support teacher on implementing classroom
modifications
As a team, you need to decide how this information should be conveyed to the referring persondocumentedmeeting (with team, coordinator, administrator)
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Parent Consent Form
• Student’s Name• Date• Purpose of secondary interventions• Explanation of daily cycle• Parent’s responsibilities
• Review DPR with child and sign daily• Give positive praise• Do not use as cause for punishment
• Contact Information• Parents signature
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Student Contract
Student NameDateParent and Student signatureIndicate agree/not agree to participateAgreements:
• Check-in/out daily• Give DPR to teachers/parents• Return DPR daily
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Activity
Parent and Student Form
• As a team develop a parent permission form
• In addition, develop a student contract
• Across both, be sure to include:• what secondary interventions are
• the daily cycle progress
• responsibilities of all involved
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DAILY CYCLE
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Purpose• To review the elements of the daily cycle and create
required materials needed for the daily cycle process
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Student Recommended for BEP/CICO
BEP/CICO Implemented
ParentFeedback
Regular Teacher Feedback
AfternoonCheck-out
Morning Check-in
CoordinatorSummarizes Data
For Decision Making
Bi-weekly Meetingto Assess Student
Progress
Exit Program
ReviseProgram
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Daily Progress Report (DPR)
• Portable• Linked with school-wide expectations and
student’s identified behavior goals• Reflect all areas of campus• Reflect all activities/time periods• Clear, concise, understandable for students,
families and staff
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Daily Progress ReportAdapted from Crone, Horner & Hawken (2004)
Name: Date:
=Will try harder tomorrow: 1 point
Rating Scale: = Good day: 3 points = Mixed day: 2 points GOALS:
Calendar Reading Spelling & Writing
Math Lunch Centers
Hands to self(Be Respectful)
Finish all work(Be Responsible)
Keep chair legs on floor (Be Safe)
Teacher comments:
Parent Signature(s) and Comments:
Points Possible: ______
Points Received: ______
% of Points: ______
Goal Achieved? Y N
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Points Possible: ______ Points Received: ______ % of Points: ______ Goal Achieved? Y N
HR 1st 2nd 3rd 4th L 5th 6th
BE RESPECTFUL
BE RESPONSIBLE
BE ON TIME
Comments: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adapted from Crone, Horner & Hawken (2004) Daily Progress Report
Name: __________________________ Date: ____________ Rating Scale: 3=Good day 2= Mixed day 1=Will try harder tomorrow GOALS:
Parent Signature(s) and Comments: _______________________________________________
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SWIS Requirements
• Schools wanting to use the CICO feature on SWIS need to comply with readiness checklist:• SWIS facilitator w/ CICO training• Implementing SW-PBIS• In-school process • DPR Form that is SWIS compatible
Up to 10 check-in periods Up to 5 expectations/goal Up to 3 point rating scale
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Establishing Individualized Goal
First few days of reporting is baseline score
80% of total points possible is general daily goal • May be adjusted for some students• During introductory meeting (or after any changes), let
students know what their target point total should be• Check for understanding
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Student Recognition• Small reward for successful check-in
• On time• Returned signed DPR• Has all materials• Filled out new DPR
• Small reward from teacher (SW currency, early out, etc…) for perfect periods
• Small reward/snack for successful check-out• Being there in time to make bus• Having DPR• Met daily goal
• Additional incentives for weekly, monthly achievements (announcements, treat, store credit, etc…)
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Check-in Process
• Central location • Greet students• Collect yesterday’s signed DPR• Check bags/backpacks• Provide supplies• Record names, preparedness, yesterday’s DPR• Reward for completing requirements• Prompt to have a good day
If student is upset, have them stay to debrief/discuss
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Example Check-in Record
Date: Check-in Leader:
Check-in
Check-out
Student Name
Paper Pencil Notebook DPR Parent Copy
DPR School Copy
% Daily Points
John A.
Richard C.
Donald R.
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Check-in
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Classroom Feedback
• Review and explain DPR ratings calmly and objectively• Be specific
• Do not engage student in debates over ratings• Acknowledge concerns/feelings, then re-direct to next
day’s/period’s/activity’s potential for more points.• End conversation immediately
• Prompt appropriate behavior by saying, “Tomorrow, let’s work on…”
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Teacher Feedback
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Check-out ProcessMove quicklyRecognize student for choosing to come to check outCollect a copy of the DPRReward if daily goal has been metPrompt for a good day tomorrow
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Check-out
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Parent Feedback
Review Daily DPRGive praise for positiveSignGive support for a positive next day
Do not use DPR to reprimand. Focus on tomorrow is a new day
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Parent Feedback
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Activity
Daily Cycle – DPR and Tracking
• Use the examples provided to create DPR Form• Portable
• Linked with SW expectations
• Reflect all areas of campus
• Reflect all activities/time periods
• Clear, concise, understandable
• Create a tracking sheet that coaches can collect and forward to the coordinator
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MONITORING AND DECISION-MAKING
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Purpose• To provide a process for monitoring student’s
progress and using their data to determine next steps for the student
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Student Recommended for BEP/CICO
BEP/CICO Implemented
ParentFeedback
Regular Teacher Feedback
AfternoonCheck-out
Morning Check-in
CoordinatorSummarizes Data
For Decision Making
Bi-weekly Meetingto Assess Student
Progress
Exit Program
ReviseProgram
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Implement Basic BEP/CICO
Is the Basic SI BEP/CICO Working?
• Continue with Basic BEP/CICO
• Transition to self- management
Yes
No
Conduct Brief Functional Assessment•What is the problem behavior?•Where does the problem behavior occur/not occur?•Why does the problem behavior keep happening?
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Coaches
Record % of points earned for the day
Create a coding system to track unique eventsA = AbsenceNC = No card0 = No points
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Tracking Student BEP Progress (number = % of total daily points)
Date Jason Leanne Juan Kiran Alexa
1/16/03 85 95 100 80 651/17/03 100 100 100 75 A1/18/03 77 NC 100 85 01/19/03 45 75 95 92 851/20/03 88 89 77 89 901/23/03 A NC 100 95 951/24/03 95 67 85 100 78
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Coordinator Reviews Students
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Priority Student List for Meeting
• Look at individual student graphs
• Examine ODRs to explain, support graphs
• Determine if there is other subjective information that should be considered
• Set agenda for meeting
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Recommended Agenda
Identified students with concernsDecision for priority students (maintain, modify)Rotating review of all students (e.g, every 9 wks)Decision for rotation students (maintain, fade)New studentsStudents to receive additional
acknowledgementsOther
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Possible Decisions• Student is ready to graduate
• Student is doing fine, however, should stay on the intervention
• Student is having some problems but think simple modifications may work
• Determine what needs to happen and assign responsibility to team member
• Student is having significant problems and should be referred for a Full FBA
• Make referral or plan for this step
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Decision: Graduate
80% or better for at least 4 weeks, on a daily basis
Consult with teacher(s), teamMeet with student to introduce the process
• Show data• Explain how to use rating card/how to judge own
behavior• CELEBRATE!
Talk with parent about graduation, how they can continue to support their child
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Shift to self-managementTeacher ratings = Student ratingsRewards for honesty and accuracy
Fade data collectione.g., number of teacher check-ins, morning check-in,
afternoon check-out
Celebrate continued success• Some schools hold a monthly celebration for students
who are maintaining success after Graduating from CICO (Monthly “Alumni Club” Lunch)
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Decision: Continue
• Student is making and maintaining progress but needs to stay on the intervention (4 to 6 weeks) to ensure continued success
• This decision will be based mostly on your clinical judgment
• Or the student or parent asks to continue the program
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Matching to Student NeedsBasic SI: goals related to cooperative, respectful
behavior; reinforced through daily positive adult contact (attention-related)
SI+ Academic Support: goals, prompts, and encouragement for organizational and routine-following behaviors or increase in academic support
Escape SI: goals related to cooperative, respectful behavior: students reinforced through chance to earn a break from aversive activity or aversive social contact
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Decision: Modify
More frequent reinforcement/Check-ins
More powerful reinforcement for daily goal either at school or home
Other minor modifications based on function
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Conduct Brief Functional Assessment
Is the behavior maintained by escape
from social interaction?
Is the behavior related to lack of academic skills?
Is the behavior severe, complex, intensive?
Escape Motivated SI
•Reduce adult interaction
•Use escape as a reinforcer
SI + Academic Support
•Increase Academic support
Intensive,Individualized Behavior
Support
(e.g., Full FBA-BSP)
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Decision: Tier III SupportMake referral to behavior specialist who can complete a
Full FBADirect observationInterviewsRecord review
Develop individualized, comprehensive BIP
CICO/BEP may be used a component of the comprehensive BIP
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Activity
Preparing for Effective Meetings
• Use the template provided to create a meeting agenda that reflects
• high priority students
• rotating students
• new students
• other
• Create a tracking sheet that the coordinator can use to monitor students
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TROUBLESHOOTING
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Purpose• To give guidance to potential barriers of CICO/BEP
based on obstacles other schools have encountered
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Obstacles to Implementation
• Administrator not on the team that develops the plan and looks at data for decision making
• Plan used as punishment rather than prevention program
• Plan coordinator lacks skills to implement the program (e.g., behavior intervention, computer)
• Schools expecting plan to solve all behavior problems
• Fitting plan and data evaluation into existing teams
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Troubleshooting: Not Checking In (Infrequent)• Deliver DPR to student• Find out if he/she wants to participate in
program• May need to increase motivation with reinforcers
(selection, contracting)
• If student refuses to participate, probably need Full FBA (Tier III)
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Troubleshooting: Not Checking Out (Infrequent)
• When student does not checkout nor bring card back next day, give 0 points for the day
• Coordinator asks what happened and reminds student to checkout
• Teachers can prompt student to checkout
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Troubleshooting: Not Checking In or Out (Chronic)• Make sure they understand routine • Make sure teachers are cooperating• Get teacher/friends to remind • Escort student at beginning to learn routine• Provide reinforcements/points for showing up• Make sure intervention has a positive profile in
school & coordinator is well-liked
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Troubleshooting: Lost DPR Form• Give a new DPR right away• If chronic, find out how school can improve program
• Check for home response to poor DPRs
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Troubleshooting: Staff Fidelity Issues• Preventative: provide in-service prior to
implementation• Some teacher may need additional training on
BEP/CICO• Provide space on DPR for positive statements• Provide staff feedback (at least quarterly) on
effect of BEP/CICO on students
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Troubleshooting:Parent/Guardian Fidelity Issues• Parent should give permission for
student to participate• Students can still participate if
parents do not follow through• May need to use surrogate parent to
provide feedback• Have counselor or principal address
punishment issue with parent
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Moving Forward• Materials/Forms
• RFA• Brief FBA• Parent Letter• Student Contract• DPR sheet• Coordinator tracking
sheets• Meeting agenda• Action Plan
• Resources• www.pbis.org• www.pbisnetwork.org• www.swis.org
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Check-in
Team Updates
• Looking Ahead to Implementation
• 1 Strength
• 1 Anticipated Roadblock or Challenge
• Do you have a plan to address this concern?
• Questions or Comments?
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Next Steps