“T’ien Ming”“T’ien Ming”The Mandate of Heaven

– The Mandate of Heaven

– 1.Divine approval

2.Lead by ability and virtue.

3.The dynasty's leadership must be justified by succeeding generations.

4.The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

Strong dynastyEstablishes

Peace and prosperity

Strong dynastyEstablishes

Peace and prosperity

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Problems Begin Taxes raised,

dynasty corruptDroughts,

floods,famines occur.

Problems Begin Taxes raised,

dynasty corruptDroughts,

floods,famines occur.

Old Dynasty seen as lost Mandate

Old Dynasty seen as lost Mandate

Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Dynasty overthrownThrough rebellion

New Dynasty emerges

Dynasty overthrownThrough rebellion

New Dynasty emerges

Start here

Dynasty’s of Ancient China Zhou Dynasty –

Bureaucratic Govt. Confucianism

○ Feudalism – nobles use land belongs to king in return for loyalty and military service

Roads, canals, coined money, iron○ Farming easier, produce more, farmers

thrive

Dynasty’s (cont) Qin Dynasty

Legalist – unify countryAutocracy – unlimited power in arbitrary wayGreat Wall of China – laborers worked or

died, built for protection from Mongolians

THE EARLY HAN DYNASTY

Confucianism○ Centralized government and expansion

Bureaucracy rule

taxes on agriculture, trade, and craft Iron, Farming tools

Silk textiles – trade west Paper production Silk Road built

HAN TROUBLESTension between poor and rich

Raised taxes Defense consumed against nomads

Problems of land distribution Early Han supported land redistributionSmall landowners to sell property , few had

land leftSome sold into slavery

Collapse of the Han Central government paralyzedHan dissolvedChina divided into regional kingdoms

Mauryan Empire

Asoka - King of the Mauryan Empire Bureaucratic Promotes Buddhism for religious

tolerance and his mission to promote nonviolence

Gupta Empire

Hinduism Families were patriarchal Southern India families were matriarchal Decimal system, concept of zero

Persian Empire

Cyrus (Persian king), Darius (noble of ruling dynasty) Zoroaster – God of Light

God of Darkness Installed satrap (local governor), Royal

Road (road system), standard money and tribute