Tibia, Fibula, Ankle, and Foot •Articulates the distal portion of the knee joint with the ankle...
Transcript of Tibia, Fibula, Ankle, and Foot •Articulates the distal portion of the knee joint with the ankle...
Tibia
• Articulates the distal portion of the knee joint with the ankle joint
• Aka the “shin”, found medial and anterior to the smaller fibula
• Gender difference: in males, the direction is more vertical, more oblique in females to compensate for a more oblique shape of the femur
Tibia Structures
• Medial and lateral condyles: distal borders of the knee joint
• Interosseus membrane: connects tibia and fibula along the body or shaft of the bones
• Fibular notch: where the fibula articulates (distally)
• Medial malleolus: medial ankle protrusion
• Intercondylar eminence: splits intercondylar area into anterior and posterior (anterior area is ACL attachment site
Tibial Tuberosity
• Attachment site for the patellar ligament
• Terminal point of the “lever” (quads, suprapatellar ligament, patella, patellar ligament) that extends the knee AND prevents knee from collapsing on foot-strikes
• Fractured rarely, but most commonly in adolescents (avulsion fractures)
Fibula
• Located lateral to the tibia
• Connected to tibia anteriorly and distally
• Distal end articulates anterior to proximal end (it is on a bit of an angle)
• Forms lateral border of ankle joint
The Ankle
• Distal ends of tibia and fibula articulate with the talus
• The tibial articulation with the talus bears more weight than the fibular articulation (size difference)
• Numerous ligaments allow for the wide range of motion at this joint while bearing a relatively large weight
Talus
• Second-largest tarsal bone
• Large portion of the bone is covered in articulating cartilage
• Blood supply is “retrograde” meaning that the blood enters at the distal end
Calcaneus
• Heel bone
• Largest bone of the foot
• Calcaneal Tuberosity: insertion point for the Achilles tendon, origin for tendons (muscles) of the foot
Tarsal Bones
• Be able to locate and identify all the tarsal bones as follows:
• Cuneiform(s): medial, intermediate, lateral
• Navicular
• Cuboid
Lateral Ankle Ligaments
• Anterior Talofibular
• Posterior Talofibular
• Calcaneofibular
• Posterior Tibiofibular
• Anterior Tibiofibular
• These are, with lateral talocalcaneal, the most common ligaments involved in inversion sprains
Medial Ankle Ligaments
• The deltoid ligament, shaped like the Greek letter “delta”, also like a triangle
• From posterior to anterior:
• Posterior tibiotalar
• Tibiocalcaneal
• Anterior tibiotalar
• Tibionavicular
• Most commonly involved in painful eversion sprains