Chng 1: Gii thiu s qua v nh my thy in Ha Bnh

Chng 1: Gii thiu s qua v nh my thy in Ha Bnh1. Gii thiu chung

Nh my thy in Ha Bnh l mt qun th kin trc ha quyn gia thin nhin v con ngi. Mt cng trnh cng nghip khng l ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam, l cng trnh thy in a chc nng bao gm cc nhim v: Chng l, pht in, ti tiu, giao thng thy m trn th gii cha c cng trnh thy in no c nhiu chc nng n nh vy. y l ni sn xut v cung cp ngun nng lng ch yu cho h thng in lc ca c nc phc v c lc cho s nghip cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc. L mt biu tng ca tnh hu ngh gia nhn dn, chnh ph hai nc Vit Nam v Lin X (c)

Nh my thy in Ha Bnh l mt cng trnh in lc ln nht Vit Nam hin nay, nm trong bc thang cc nh my thy in trn h thng sng D. Thy in Ha Bnh l mt t hp cng trnh ngm c thit k thi cng xy dng trong lng ni. Vi quy m ln gm: 8 t my c cng sut lp t 1920MW, thit b my mc hin i, thuc th h mi. Cng vi cng trnh l h thng h cha, p t v h thng trn x l vi 12 ca x y v 6 ca x mt2. Mt s ct mc quan trng ca nh my- Thng 5/1971, B Chnh tr quyt nh xy dng nh my thy in Ha Bnh, chn uyn Ha Bnh xy dng cng trnh u tin trong quy hoch v khai thc sng

- Thng 10/1971 ti H Ni, Vit Nam v Lin X k tuyn b chung v s hp tc nghin cu, thit k lp lun chng kinh t k thut, chun b cc iu kin cn v tin hnh khi cng xy dng cng trnh thy in trn sng - Ngy 6/1/1979 khi cng tng th cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh, lp thnh tch cho mng ln th 62 cch mng thng Mi Nga v k nim ln th nht hip c hu ngh gia Vit Nam v Lin X

- Ngy 10/12/1982, ch tch hi ng b trng (nay l chnh ph) quyt nh t tn cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh l Cng trnh Thanh nin cng sn

- Ngy 12/1/1983 ngn sng t I.

- Ngy 9/11/1986 th tng Phm Vn ng b vin ra lnh ngn sng t II- Ngy 30/12/1988, t my s 1 ha li in quc gia

- Ngy 04/11/1989, t my s 2 ha li in quc gia- Ngy 27/3/1991, t my s 3 ha li in quc gia- Ngy 19/12/1991, t my s 4 ha li in quc gia- Ngy 15/1/1993, t my s 5 ha li in quc gia- Ngy 29/6/1993, t my s 6 ha li in quc gia- Ngy 07/12/1993, t my s 7 ha li in quc gia- Ngy 04/4/1994, t my s 8 ha li in quc gia- Ngy 20/5/1994, trm 500kV u ngun ti Ha Bnh a vo vn hnh

- Ngy 27/5/1994, h thng ng dy 500 kV chnh thc vn hnh truyn ti kp thi ngun in t Ha Bnh vo cung ng cho cc tnh min Trung v min Nam

- Ngy 20-12-1994: Khnh thnh nh my thu in Ho Bnh

3. Mt s cng trnh chnh ca nh my3.1. H thng cng trnh thy cng

3.1.1. p t

H thng cng trnh thy cng p t c khi lng 22 triu m3, di 743m, cao 128m, mt p rng 15m, chiu rng chn p khong 900m. Tt c c p treenn hm sng c tng Aluvi dy 70m, di li dp bng t st l mt mn chng thm c to ra bng khoan phun dy 30m

3.1.2. Cng trnh x trn chng l

- Cng trnh x nc vn hnh l p b tng cao 70m, rng 106m c 2 tng: Tng di c 12 ca x y c kch thc 6x10m. Tng trn c 6 ca x mt kch thc 15x15m. Nng lc nc x ti a 35.400m3/s khi h cha mc nc gia cng

- Ton b h thng nc x chy trn mi dc b tng rng 106m, di 400m, cao 70m. Pha cui c 7 mi phng nc, c tc dng lm gim ng nng ca dng chy, phng ra xa vo h tiu nng h lu, chng xi mn chn p

Hnh nh ca p t v ca x l3.2. Ca nhn - thot nc3.2.1. Ca nhn ncCao 70m, di 204m, rng 27m gm 8 ng dn nc vo cho 8 t my, mi ng c ng knh 8m vi dc l 45. Di cc ca nhn nc u c h thng li chn rc c tc dng ngn rc khng cho vo tua bin lm h hng thit b. Ngoi ra cn c 16 van sa cha s c tng ng cho 8 t my. Cc van ny c iu khin bng 4 b truyn ng thu lc t ti cao 119m, mi b cho 4 xi lanh ca 4 cch phai sa cha s c tng ng vi 2 t my Ca nhn nc

Cc thng s:- ng knh trong xi lanh 450mm

- ng knh cn xi lanh thu lc 220mm

- Lc nng cch phai 300.103kg

- Lc gi cch phai 250.103kg

- p lc lm vic ca du trong xi lanh khi nng 261kG/cm3 - Hnh trnh y ca pttng 11,5m

- Hnh trnh cng tc ca pttng 11,15m

- Tc chuyn ng ca xi lanh:

+ Khi nng 0,37m/pht

+ Khi h 2,23m/pht

- Thi gian nng mt cch phai: 30 pht .

- Thi gian h mt cch phai: 5 pht .

- Loi du s dng T22 hoc T(30 .- Th tch ton b xi lanh 13m3Cm my bm t diu khin PHAIP-32/320-T3 c p lc nh mc l 320kG/cm3. Dng ng c in iu khin c cng sut 22kW, vi tc quay 1470vng/pht. c tnh k thut ca cc ca van sa cha s c gm chiu cao 10m, chiu ngang 4m, ti trng chnh ln ca van l 2303.103kg, lc nng tnh ton 290.103kg, trng lng 1 ca van l 92261kG. Nc c vo tour-bin bng 8 ng dn p lc ti cc t my, v thot ra bng cc ng dn p lc nc ra.3.2.2. Ca thot nc

Nc t ca nhn nc chy vo cc ng ng theo tng t my quay tua bin v c thot ra bng 2 h thng:

- My 1, my 2 thot ra theo hai ng tuy nn ra h mng h lu

- 6 my cn li c hai my thot theo mt ng tuy nn dn nc ra h lu, mi tuy nn c ng knh 12m

Ca thot nc

3.3. H cha nc

H cha nc ca thy in Ha Bnh c dung tch 9.45 t m3 trong dung tch phng l l 6 t m3, dung tch khai thc nng lng l 5.65 t m3. i i vi vic sn xut in, v ma kh nh my cn phi duy tr x xung h lu vi lu lng dng chy khng nh hn 680m3 m bo ngun nc ti tiu cho sn xut nng nghip vng h lu sng v sng Hng, ng thi ngn khng cho nc mn xm nhp cc ca sng, tng cng din tch canh tc cho nhn dn

H cha nc Ha Bnh c mt thong ln nht l 308 km2 khi mc nc h dng cao 120m. Chiu di h 230km ko di ti bin gii Trung Quc, rng trung bnh khoang 1000m, su khong 50-60m.

- Chiu cao ln nht: Hmax = 117m (khi dung tch cha >10 t m3)- Mc nc dn bnh thng: 115m

- Mc nc cht ca h: 80m

- Mc nc nh nht ca h: 75m

- Mc nc gia cng: 120m

- Mc nc cho php dng: 117m

3.4. Khu vc gian my (cng trnh ngm)

Tng din tch cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh l 1.796.300 m2Trong :

- Cng trnh chnh: 1.700.000 m2

- Cng trnh ph tr: 96.300 m2

Cng trnh ngm nm su trong ni vi din tch: 77.426m2 vi chiu di ng hm cc loi ~18km

Gian my cch nh ni: 190m vi chiu di 240m, rng 19.5m cao 50.5m tiu tn 665.000m3 b tng ct thpC 8 t my, mi t my cng sut 240MW, tng cng sut lp t 1920MW. Cc bung thit b in v phng iu khin trung tm c ni vi gian my, song song vi gian my l cc gian bin p mt pha gm 24 my, mi my c dung lng 105MVA c u li vi nhau bng 8 khi theo 8 t my dng nng in p t 15.75kV ln 220kV. Sn lng in trung bnh hng nm l 8.16 t kwh

Hnh nh gian my vi 8 t my

3.5. i tng nim

i tng nim c t cch pha h lu cch cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh khong 300m. i tng nim c thit k thi cng nh mt hnh thp, kt cu bn trong l biu tng ca tuabin t my, tin snh c 6 cch vn rng, cc hng mc chi tit c b cc hi ha, mang m bn sc ca hai dn tc, hai nc Vit Nam Lin X (trc y), Vit nam Nga (hin nay)

i tng nim c xy dng ghi nh cng lao ca tp th cn b cng nhn vin ngi Vit Nam cng nh cc chuyn gia Lin X c khc phc mi kh khn gian kh ca thi k qu , chng chi vi kh hu khc nghit ca vng rng ni Ha Bnh, quyt tm xy dng thnh cng cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh. y cn l ni vinh danh 168 CBCNVC (trong c 11 chuyn gia Lin X) ng xung v cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh, v dng in ngy nay ca t quc.

i tng nim 168 CBCNVC

3.6. Khu qun th nh bo tng v bc th th k

Nh bo tng l ni lu gi nhiu hin vt quan trng trong cc thi k xy dng v khai thc hiu qu cng trnh. y mi ngi c th thy c din bin cc cng vic trong qu trnh xy dng coog trnh bng cc hnh nh hin thc, cc m hnh my thit b thi cng, my cng c sa bn ton nh cng trnh, m hnh t my thy lc. c bit l hnh nh cc ng ch lnh o ca ng v Nh nc trong qu trnh ch o v thi cng cng trnh cng vi nhng ct mc lch s ca nh my

y cn l ni lu gi bc th th k gi cho hu th mai sau c t trong khi b tng hnh chp ct i din c trng cho hng vn khi b tng c trng lng hng chc tn c nhng ngi th lao ng a xung lng sng ch ng con sng

3.7. Tng i ch tch H Ch Minh

Tng i c xy dng trn i ng tng trn cao 185.6m. Tng i do tc gi, nh iu khc Nguyn V An ging vin trng i hc Kin Trc H Ni thit k. Phn sn i do chnh kin trc s ngi Nga SER REB RI AN SKI thc hin. Phn thit k chng st do ngnh h thng in khoa in trng H Bch Khoa HN thit k.

Tng Bc cao 13.5m (tnh t dp cao su n nh u), b tng (phn sng nc my tri) cao 4.5m. Ton b khi tng cao 18m vi trng lng khong 400 tn cht liu lm bng b tng siu cao b tng Granit hng do vin vt liu xy dng nghin cu v thc hin theo yu cu cng trnh.

Tng i c khi cng v xy dng vo ngy 08/1/1996 kt thc phn thi cng ngh thut cng ng vo ngy 08/1/1997 Tng i H Ch Minh

4. S qua v cc nhim v ca nh my thy in Ha Bnh4.1. Nhim v chng l cho ng bng Bc B

T khi a cng trnh thy in Ha Bnh i vo qun l, vn hnh, mi nm h cha nc Ha Bnh ct c t 4-6 trn l ln, c lu lng nh l t 5.000 22.650m3/s, m bo an ton cho vng h lu sng , sng Hng v th H Ni. c bit nh my thy in Ha Bnh ct trn l ln thng 8/1996 vi lu lng nh l 22.650m3/s. Vi nh l lc nh my ch x xung h lu 8.876m3/s, ct c 13.774m3/s (lu lng ny c gi li trn h) lm gim c mc nc ti Ha Bnh 2.2m, ti H Ni 0.8m ti thi im nh l. Dy l trn l ln nht sau 50 nm tr li y. Nh my thy in Ha Bnh ct l tht s c hiu qu m bo kinh t, an ton,Khng nhng th, h cha nc Ha Bnh gp phn iu ha kh hu cho c mt vng rng ln thuc cc tnh Lai Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh v mt s tnh ln cn khc, gip nhng ni ny c mt kh hu n ha, mt m.4.2. Pht in

Ngay t khi t my s 1 ho mng li in quc gia (31/12/1988), nh my thu in bt u nng cao n nh, an ton v kinh t ca h thng in. V ngy 14/4/1994, vic a t my 8 ho li quc gia a cng sut lp t ca nh my ln ng vi thit k l 8x240 = 1920MW, vi vic ng in chnh thc cho h thng ti in siu cao p 500kV Bc-Nam (27/5/1994) hnh thnh nn h thng quc gia thng nht, truyn ti in nng t min Bc vo min Trung v min Nam, trong ngun in ch lc l nh my thu in Ho Bnh. Nm 1994 in nng nh my chim gn 50% tng cng sut v 65% tng sn lng h thng in, tnh t ngy t my 1 a vo vn hnh ti nay nh my thu in Ho Bnh sn xut c 124 t kWh in. Sn lng in ca nh my hng nm chim t trng cao nht trong li in.

4.3. Giao thng vn tiCi thin vic i li bng ng thy c thng v h lu. Nm 2004 cng trnh tng i chin thng in Bin Ph c vn chuyn ch yu bng con ng ny. Cn gi y vic ch nguyn vt liu xy dng thy in Sn La cng ch yu bng cc phng tin i trn h Ha Bnh4.4. Ti tiu chng hn cho ng bng Bc B

p thy in Ha Bnh c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic cung cp nc cho sn xut nng nghip vng h lu trong c ng bng sng Hng, nht l trong ma kh. Khng nhng iu tit mc nc sng m n cn c vai tr y nc mn ra xa khi cc ca sng, gip ngi dn ven bin ln bin v c thm din tch t canh tc

Chng 2: Gii thiu v cc thit b trong nh my thy in Ha Bnh

1. Cc thit b chnh

1.1. Tuabin

Nh my thu in Ho Bnh c my pht kiu trc ng. y tuor-bin trc ng kiu PO-115/810/B567,2.

Cc thng s:

- ng knh bnh xe cng tc: 567,2cm- Ct nc tnh ton: 88m- Ct nc lm vic cao nht l: 109m

- Ct nc lm vic thp nht l: 65m

- Lu lng nc qua tuabin cng sut nh mc v ct nc tnh ton l: Q = 301,5m3/sec

- Tc quay nh mc l: 125vng/pht

- Tc quay lng tc: 240vng/pht

- Hiu sut ti a ct p nh mc: ( = 95%

- Trng ti tnh ton ti a trn : 16,1 tn

1.2. B iu tc thy lcB iu tc thu lc dng iu khin tour-bin, n l b iu tc thu lc kiu ((P21-150-11B cng thit b du p lc MHY-12,5/I-40-12,5-2HBT. iu tc c tc dng iu chnh tn s quay v iu khin tour-bin thu lc hng tm, hng trc cc ch khc nhau,ng thi dng iu chnh ring v iu chnh theo nhm cng sut hu cng ca t my. Cn thit b du p lc dng cung cp du T(-30-(OCT9972-74 hoc du tng ng c p lc cho h thng iu chnh thu lc ca tour-bin thu lc.

Cc s liu k thut:

- ng knh quy c ca ngn ko chnh: 150mm

- p lc lm vic ca du trong h thng Iu chnh: 40kG/cm3- Nhit du ca h thng iu chnh: +10 ( +50 0C

- Trng lng t iu tc: 1610kG

1.3. My pht ng b ba phaMy pht ng b dng trong nh my thu in Ho Bnh l my kiu trc ng, c stato u hnh Y, dy qun hnh sng 2 lp, c 3 u dy trung tnh v 3 u dy chnh, Z = 576, s rnh cho 1 cc v 1 pha g = 4, c 4 nhnh song song tng nhnh a = 4, bc qun 1-15-25. Mt vi s liu:

- Cng sut biu kin Sm = 266,7MVA - Cng sut hu cng nh mc Pm = 240MW- in p stator nh mc Um = 15,75kV

- Dng stator nh mc Im = 9780A

- Dng kch thch nh mc Ikm = 1710A

- Tc quay nh mc nm = 125vng/pht

- Tc quay lng tc nl = 240vng/pht

- in p rto ph ti nh mc U = 430V

- Cos(m 0,9

- Khi lng lp rp rto l 610.103kg

- Khi lng ton b my pht l 1210.103kg

- in p pht ln thanh ci l

15,75kV.

1.4. My bin pNh my thu in Ho Bnh c hai trm in: trm 220kV v trm 500kV.

My bin p (m.b.a) dng trong nh my ny l loi m.b.a 1 pha 2 cun dy kiu O-105000/220-85TB3 u ni 3 pha v lp t vo kh my pht. Cc thng s ca m.b.a:

- Cng sut nh mc ca m.b.a Sm = 105MVA

- Cng sut nh mc ca nhm 3 pha Snm = 315MVA

- in p nh mc pha cao p Ucm = kV- in p nh mc pha h p Uhm = 15,75kV

- Dng in nh mc pha cao p Icm = 751,5A

- Dng in nh mc pha h p Ihm = 6666A

Cc m.b.a khi c h thng lm mt du, nc kiu (tun hon cng bc du v nc), du nng ca m.b.a t lp trn i vo u ht ca bm ri qua van 1 chiu i vo b lm mt du, y du bao quanh cc dn ng(trong c nc tun hon) v c lm ngui i qua li lc vo tng hm di ca m.b.a, mt phn du i qua b lc ht m thng xuyn trng thi lm vic. Nhm m.b.a 3 pha c 4 b lm mt du, mi pha c 1 b lm mt lm vic v 1 b d phng chung cho c 3 pha, s cho php thay th b lm mt lm vic ca bt k pha no bng b lm mt d phng, mi b lm mt lm vic c 2 bm du, mt bm lm vic v mt bm d phng.

chuyn cng sut t cc my bin th chnh gian bin th ngm ca nh my n trm chuyn tip ngi ta dng du p lc MBDTK-1x625/220 c tit din li cp l 625mm2, in p 220kV, 3 si ca 3 pha u t trong ng thp ng knh 219mm, du np vo ng c kh kh loI R-5A vi p lc t 11(16kG/cm2. Thit b p lc b xung du p lc (A(Y) dng duy tr p lc du trong cc ng cp du p lc trong cc gii hn quy nh, thit b ny c lp t cao 31m trong nh hnh chnh sn xut AK v AY2 c t trong cc bung ring bit nhau, c hai t my bm u c ni ln h thng gp chung 2 phn on, cc ng ng dn du cho cc ng ng dn cp cng c u ni vi h thng ng gp , kh kh trong ng dng thit b kh kh. Thit b AY c hai b cha dung tch 4m3 cha du cp c kh kh v c duy tr chn khng bng bm chn khng, cc bm du s t ng duy tr p lc du trong ng ng gp t 13,5(15,5kG/cm2, nu p lc tt xung 12,5kG/cm2 th bm du d phng lm vic v c tn hiu.

1.4.1. Trm phn phi 220/110/35kVTi trm chuyn tip thc hin khi ghp i 2 b MF-MBA ri a ln thanh ci 220kV v cc ph ti. Phn 220kVdng cc my ct khng kh SF6 loi S1-245-f3 c cc thng s chnh sau:

- in p nh mc: 245kV

- Dng in nh mc: 3150A

- Dng in ct nh mc: 40kA

- p lc kh SF6: 6,8Bar

Trm phn phi 220kV

lin lc OPY-220 v cung cp cho ph ti ng dy 110kV v t dng chnh ca nh my ngi ta dng 2 m.b.a t ngu 3 pha 3 cun dy ATTH-63000/220/110-85T1 c b iu chnh in p di ti v cc thng s sau.

- Cng sut dnh mc m.b.a Sm = 63MVA

- in p nh mc pha cao p Ucm = 230kV

- in p nh mc pha trung p Utm = 121kV

- in p nh mc pha h p Uhm = 38,5kV

- Dng in nh mc pha cao p I cm = 185A

- Dng in nh mc pha trung p Itm = 301A

- Dng in nh mc pha h p Ihm = 480a

- S t u dy ca nhm bin p YTN0/(0-11

- S nc ca b iu chnh di ti A8.1.5

thao tc ng ct cc mch in li in 110kV ngi ta dng cc my ct kh SF6 ca Trung Quc c k hiu ELF-SL-2-II vi kiu truyn ng 3 pha v thao tc bng kh nn, mi my ct c 1 my nn kh ring.

1.4.2. Trm bin p 500kVTi trm 500kV c 6 m.b.a t ngu1 pha 500/225/35kV ca nh ch to Jeumont - Scheider Trafnomrs c cc thng s sau:

- Cng sut nh mc m.b.a: 150/150/50MVA

- in p nh mc pha cao p:

- Dng in nh mc:

519,6/1154,7/1428,6A

- S t u dy ca nhm bin p: Y0/Y0/(-11

Trm bin p 500kV

Trm bin p ny s dng my ct kh SF6 c 1 b truyn ng dng kh nn, mi my ct c 1 my nn kh ring.Cc thng s ca my ct:Loi my ct245-MHMe-1P550-MHMe-4Y550-MHMe-1P/S

Um (kV)230500500

Umaxcho php (kV)245550550

Im (A)200020001000

Ict nh mc (kA)31,54040

Pkh SF6 (Bar)666

Pkh iu khin(Bar)191919

My ct loi 245-MHMe-1P dng a in p 220kV cung cp cho m.b.a tng p ca trm bin p 500kV Ho Bnh, l my ct 221, 222, 200, cn loi my ct 550-MHMe-4Y dng cung cp in p 500kV ln ng dy siu cao p Bc-Nam, l cc loi my ct 571 v 572, loi my ct 550-MHMe-1P/S dng ni tt t b ca ng dy siu cao p 500kV ti trm bin p Trm 500 kV Ho Bnh.

T dng ca nh my t trm phn phi 220/110/35kV xung gian my c bo m cung cp t cc ngun in p khc nhau vi in p trung gian 6kV qua cc KTex cung cp cho cc ph ti 0,4kV gm:

- Hai m.b.a 3 pha 2 cun dy TD61 v TD62 kiu TMH-6300/35-74-T1 u vo pha h p ca 2 m.b.a t ngu trm phn phi OPY220/110/35kV. y l ngun t dng chnh ca nh my, n cung cp in ti trm phn phi 6kV KPY6-2, sau cung cp ti KPY6-1 v KPY6-3.

- Hai m.b.a 3 pha 2 cun dy TD91 v TD 92 kiu TMH-6300/35-71-T1 u vo pha h p ca m.b.a MF_MBA khi ca t my 1 v 8 lm ngun d phng cho TD61 hoc TD62, chng cp in cho KPY6-1 v KPY6-3 gian my ri c th cp ngc ln OPY.

- Mt my pht in dizel cng sut 1050kW cao 95m OPY u vo KPY6-2 OPY phng trng hp s c mt in t dng cho nh my do r li.

Cn t dng phn trm bin p 500kV Ho Bnh c cung cp trc tip ti ch t pha h p ca hai m.b.a t ngu 500/225/35Kv qua hai m.b.a h p t 35kV xung 0,4kV loi TM c cng sut 560kVA.

2. Cc thit b phH thng nc lm mt ring ca mi t my ly t bung xon cao 6,2m, lm mt cho t my bao gm c h thng lm mt bin i Thyristor ca t my vi cc thng s sau:

- Cc b lm mt kh cho my pht 760m3/h

- Cc b lm du cho my pht 250m3/h

- Cc b lm du cho hng my pht 40m3/h

- Cc b lm du cho hng tua bin 36m3/h

- Cc b lm mt bin i Thyristor 15m3/h

- Cc b lm mt du h thng iu chnh 11m3/h

H thng lm mt nhm cc my bin th 1 pha ly t bung xon ln cao 9,8m vi kh nng m bo cung cp nc khong 120(150m3/h. Nh my thu in ny cn c h thng kh nn h p dng cung cp kh nn p lc 8kG/cm2 cho cc b phn tiu th nh:

- H thng phanh cc t my.

- Cc ng h thu kh gim st v Iu khin cc trm bm kh phn nc qua t my, cc my bm tiu nc, thI nc sau lm mt my bin th khi v cc hm cp trong gian my.

- Cc dng c lm bng kh nn dng trong cng tc sa cha thit b.

Trm kh nn gian my c t hai my nn kh h p kiu B2-10/9M-04 v hai bnh cha kh, mi bnh c th tch 10m3, p lc nh mc 8kG/cm2, cc thng s chnh ca my nn ct kh h p l:

- Tc quay 727vng/pht

- Cng sut c in 75kW

- Nng sut nn kh 12m3/pht

- p lc d sau cp 1 2(2,5 kG/cm2- p lc d sau cp 2 8 kG/cm2- ng knh xi lanh cp 1 330mm

- ng knh xi lanh cp 2 200mm

- Lm mt kh nn bng nc.

Ngoi ra nh my thu in Ho Bnh cn c h thng kh nn cao p dng cung cp kh nn p lc 40kG/cm2. V h thng kh nn OPY dng cung cp kh nn cho cc my ct khng kh OPY-220kV, OPY-110kV.

H thng ngun in 1 chiu c cung cp bi 108 c quy phc v cho cc mch iu khin, rle bo v tn hiu v cung cp nh sng khi s c mt in t dng nh my. H thng c quy c cc thng s sau:

Kiu c quy dng trong trm lm vic ch phng CK-14

- Dung lng nh mc (Ah) 540

- Dng trc p ln nht I3 (A) 126

- Dng in bo m phng nhanh trong 10 h 50(A)

- Dng in bo m phng nhanh trong 1 h 259(A)

- Dung tch bo hnh trong 1h phng (Ah) 259

- Dng phng trong 2h (A) 154

- Dung tch bo hnh trong 2h phng(Ah) 308

- Dng phng nhanh trong 3h(A) 126

- Dung tch bo hnh trong 3h (Ah) 378

- in p nh mc ca 1 bnh c quy (V) 2,15

m bo cho nh my hot ng bnh thng th cn c nhiu thit b h tr khc nh h thng nc sn xut, h tng nc sinh hot, cc trm bm kh phn nc qua ca cc t my, bm tiu nc, bm thi nc sau cu ho.

3. Phng iu khin trung tm C th ni y l c quan u no ca nh my. y c h thng my tnh, h thng n tn hiu, h thng camera, gip ngi k s c th quan st v ch o ton b nh my. C th ng m t my, pht hin li tng t my ch o ngi sa cha. Vn hnh 1 t my

Phng iu khin trung tm4. H thng t dng trong nh my

T dng ca nh my phn t trm phn phi 220/110/35KV xung gian my c m bo cung cp t cc ngun khc nhau vi in p trung gian 6KV cung cp cho cc ph tI 0.4KV gm :

- 2 my bin p 3 pha 2 cun dy TD61 v TD62 u vo pha h p ca 2 my bin p t ngu trm phn phi OPY220/110/35KV. y l nhun t dng chnh ca nh my, n cung cp in ti trm phn phi 6KV KPY6-2 cao 105m v sau ti KPY6-1 cao 15,5m gian my v KPY6-3 cao 9,8m gian my.

- 2 my bin p 3 pha 2 cun dy TD91 v TD92 u vo pha h p ca my bin p khi ca t my 1 v 8 lm ngun d phng cho TD61 v TD62, chng cp in cho KPY6-1 v KPY6-3 gian my ri c th cp ngc ln OPY.

- Mt my pht in iezen cng sut 1050KW t ti cao 95 OPY u vo KPY6-2 OPY d phng trng hp s c mt in t dng nh my do d li.

- Phn t dng trm bin p 500KV Ho Bnh c cung cp trc tip ti ch t pha h p ca 2 my bin p t ngu 500/225/35KV qua 2 my bin p h p t 35KV xung 0.4KV loi TM c cng sut 560KVA, UN = 4%.

Chng 3: Tnh hnh sn xut in nng v kh nng lm vic ca nh my trong h thng in

1. Tnh hnh sn xut in nng

Nh trnh by trn nh my thu in Ho Bnh c cng sut tng l 1920MW, vic sn xut in nng nh 8 t my pht (dng my pht ng b ba pha trc ng) c t trong gian my. H thng sn xut in ca nh my c t trong lng ni, tng s phng lm vic v vn hnh ca nh my l khong gn 1000 phng ln nh. S lng cng nhn vin lm vic trong nh my l trn 720 ngi.

Cc my pht ng b pht in ln thanh ci nh vic bin i thu nng thnh c nng v h thng kch t mt chiu (108 bnh c quy). Thanh ci c mc in p l 15,75kV, lng in sn xut ra c phn lm hai lung phn phi: Phn phi ngoi tri v phn phi trong gian my t dng.

Phn phi ngoi tri gm hai trm 220kV v 500kV c truyn ti ln li in quc gia.

Do nh my c t trng ln, kh nng thch ng trong mi s thay i ca ph ti v cng sut hu cng cng nh v in p. H thng iu khin nhm v t my theo cng sut hu cng (PMA) v in p (PH) ca nh my m bo cho nh my lm vic tt nhim v iu tn ca h thng.

2. Kh nng lm vic ca nh my2.1. Quy trnh vn hnh, gim st, iu khin, bo dng mi t my v phi hp cc t my.

S ni dy:

Nh my c 8 t my c ni thnh 4 khi. Mi t my c mt b 3 my bin p 1 pha tng p t 15.75kV ln 220kV, mt ng cp du p lc 220kV ni t trong nh my (hm) ra trm chuyn tip v ln OPY220, t OPY220 c 2 ng ni ln OPY500 v 2 ng ni sang OPY110.* S trm OPY220 l s kiu 1,33 (4 my ct vi 3 phn t). Vi ch kt dy bnh thng th:- My ct 240, 260 ng cp in cho ng dy 270 Ho Bnh- 270 9.2 thanh Ho v 271 E23.1 Ninh Bnh.- My ct 231, 251 ng cp in cho ng dy 271 Ho Bnh 272 E23.1 Ninh Bnh v 276 E1.4 H ng. - My ct 232, 252 ng cp in cho ng dy 272 Ho Bnh 271, 272 E4.4 Vit Tr .

- My ct 233, 253 ng cp in cho ng dy 273 Ho Bnh 271,272 E1.6 Chm.

- My ct 234, 254 ng cp in cho ng dy 274 Ho Bnh 274 E10.5 Xun Mai.

- My ct 235, 255 ng cp in cho ng dy 275 Ho Bnh 273 E1.4 H ng.

- My ct 237,257 ng cp in my bin p t ngu AT1 cp in cho t dng v sang thanh ci 1 110kV.

- My ct 238, 258 ng cp in my bin p t ngu AT2 cp in cho t dng v sang thanh ci 2 110kV.

* S trm OPY500 l s kiu t gic ch c 2 my ct 571,572 ng nhn in t 2 MBA T1 v T2, cp in cho ng dy 500kV Ho Bnh H Tnh.

2 MBA T1 v T2 nhn in t OPY220 qua cc my ct 221 v 222. Lc cao im cng sut li truyn theo chiu t H Tnh Ho Bnh. S trm OPY110 l s mt thanh gp phn on bng dao cch ly gm:

- My ct 171,172 ng cp in cho trm Ho Bnh thi cng E10.1.

- My ct 173 ng cp in cho ng dy NMT ho Bnh - Lng Sn - Mc Chu Sn La - Tun Gio - in Bin.

2.2. Phn phi in nng sn xut

Do nh my thu in Ho Bnh l nh my c t trng ln trong h thng in, kh nng thch ng trong mi s thay i ca ph ti v cng sut hu cng cng nh in p. h thng iu khin nhm t my theo cng sut hu cng v in p ca nh my m bo cho nh my lm vic tt nhim v iu tn ca h thng in.

Cng vi vic a vo ng dy siu cao p 500KV Bc Nam vo vn hnh vi kh nngtruyn ti cng sut ln t ra vn l khi ng dy 500KV ang mang ti ln m b s c th c th e do ti s n nh ca h thng do tn s tng cao. Nh my thu in Ho Bnh cng c trang b cc thit b t ng chng s c nhm ngn nga v khcng sut phc cc s c c lin quan n s thay i v ch lm vic khng cho php ca h thng in.

Chnh v vy m khi ng dy 500KV b ct s c hoc do 1 nguyn nhn no khc, khi phc hi li phi quan tm ti 1 iu rng in p 500KV, 220KV khng c tng qu gii hn cho php ca cc thit b trong sut qu trnh. in p l : 550KV cho ton ng dy, 242KV ti Ho Bnh v Ph Lm v cc gii hn khc trong h thng in. Do ng dy 500KV c dung lng np ln, ch c b mt phn nh khng b, v vy, in p s tng mt cch ng k khi ng in cho ng dy 500KV. Ngoi ra cn phi m bo rng cng sut v cng do ng dy 500KV sinh ra c th hp th c bi cc my pht ng b thu in Ho Bnh trc khi ng in t Ho Bnh v ca cc my pht ti Tr An, Th c, B Ra trc khi ng in t Ph Lm. Nu d tr cng sut v cng khng m bo s dn ti hin tng qu in p khi ng dy dy c ng in .

3. Vai tr ca k s t ng haC th ni k s in ni chung v k s TH ni ring c vai tr rt quan trng trong hot ng ca nh my. iu ny l d hiu v nh my l 1 nh my pht in. Phn ln cn b cng nhn vin phc v trong nh my u l cc k s ngnh in thuc nhiu chuyn ngnh khc nhau nh h thng in, o lng, iu khin, t ng ha, thit b in.

Vi trnh chuyn mn ha ngy cng cao nh hin nay th cc k s t ng ha l lc lng chnh thit k cc h thng iu khin qu trnh vn hnh nh my v gp sc trong vic vn hnh cc my mc thit b t ng ha trong nh my.

3

242

EMBED Equation.DSMT4

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