Thurston VSP Bibliography Appendix A | April, 2017

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Thurston County Voluntary Stewardship Program

Appendix A – Bibliography The following documents represent a partial list of existing information, data, and best available science. This list is

not meant to be exhaustive and may be added to in the future. This document is intended to provide an index of

the existing information and data that was reviewed and utilized by the Voluntary Stewardship Program (VSP)

workgroup and/or staff in their development of the VSP work plan and supporting documents. Staff have

attempted to list documents in each category in which they hold relevance.

Table of Contents Thurston County Voluntary Stewardship Program ....................................................................................... 1

Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................. 1

Thurston County Overview ....................................................................................................................... 2

Background on Farmland and Critical Areas Protection ....................................................................... 2

Critical Area Functions Agricultural Activities Impacts ............................................................................. 4

Conservation Practices .......................................................................................................................... 6

Chehalis Watershed Baseline Conditions ................................................................................................. 8

Deschutes Watershed Baseline Conditions ............................................................................................ 10

Nisqually Watershed Baseline Conditions .............................................................................................. 11

Kennedy-Goldsborough Watershed Baseline Conditions ....................................................................... 14

Implementation ...................................................................................................................................... 17

Conservation Planning ........................................................................................................................ 17

Stewardship Plans ............................................................................................................................... 17

Thurston VSP Bibliography Appendix A | April, 2017

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Thurston County Overview Earth Economics (2012). The Natural Value of Thurston County: A Rapid Ecosystem Service Valuation. Retrieved

from http://www.eartheconomics.org/Page105.aspx

Fisher, J. R. and Mitchell, L. (2009). Thurston County Farmland Inventory. South of the Sound Community Farmland

Trust, Olympia, WA.

Natural Resource Conservation Service. (n.d.). Key Elements of Conservation Planning. USDA. Retrieved from

https://aglearn.usda.gov/customcontent/NRCS/Consplan/module3/3phase9step.html

Ostrom, M. and Donovan, C. (2013). Profile of Small Farms in Washington State Agriculture. Washington State

University Extension, CSANR Small Farms Program, Wenatchee, WA.

Puget Sound Partnership. (2016). Action Agenda for Puget Sound. Retrieved from

http://www.psp.wa.gov/action_agenda_center.php

Thurston Conservation District. (n.d.). Conservation Planning. Retrieved from

https://www.thurstoncd.com/index.php/services/conservation-planning/

Thurston County (2004). Comprehensive Plan (update). Last amended by resolution 14845 on May 20, 2014.

Retrieved from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/comp_plan/comp_plan_home.htm

Thurston County (2013). Estimates of Current and Future Impervious Area and Forest Lands Vulnerable to Urban

Conversion for Watershed-Based Land Use Planning. Guiding Growth—Healthy Watersheds: Translating

Science into Local Policy.

Thurston County Agricultural Advisory Committee (2010). Thurston County Working Lands Strategic Plan. Retrieved

from: http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/permitting/agriculture/docs/Working-Lands-Strategic-Plan-2-11-

10.pdf

Thurston Regional Planning Council (2014). The Profile: Thurston County Population. Retrieved from

http://www.trpc.org/442/Thurston-County-Population

USDA (2014). 2012 Census of Agriculture: Washington State and County Data. https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/

Washington State University Thurston County Extension (2015). Agriculture and Working Lands. Retrieved from

http://ext100.wsu.edu/thurston/agriculture/

Waters, C. (2014). Payments for Ecosystem Services in Washington State: Understanding Stakeholder Values and

Potential Coalitions in the Nisqually Watershed Services Transaction Pilot Project. Evergreen Master’s

Thesis.

United Stated Census Bureau (2014). Thurston County, Washington.

Background on Farmland and Critical Areas Protection Thurston County Agricultural Advisory Committee (1978). Agriculture in Thurston County: A Citizen’s Report.

Thurston County Agricultural Advisory Committee (1994). Agriculture in Thurston County—1994 Farm Survey and

1992 Census Report

Thurston County Agricultural Advisory Committee (2010). Thurston County Working Lands Strategic Plan.

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Canty, D., Matinsons, A., and Kumar, A. (2012). Losing Ground: Farmland Protection in the Puget Sound Region.

American Farmland Trust.

DuBois, J. M. (2013). Assessment of Farm owners’ Perspectives and Preferred Methods to Preserve Farmland in

Urbanizing Thurston County. The Evergreen State College. Retrieved from

http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/DuBois_JMESthesis2013.pdf

Fisher, J. R. and Mitchell, L. (2009). Thurston County Farmland Inventory. South of the Sound Community Farmland

Trust, Olympia, WA.

Fisher, J. R. (2009). Farmland Preservation in Thurston County. The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA.

Retrieved from http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-

10MES/Fisher_J%20MESThesis%202009.pdf

Jensen, M. J. (2006). Open Space Preferences and Voluntary Provision: A Comparative Study of the Public Benefit

Rating System in Participating Washington Counties. University of Washington. Retrieved from

http://www.albergstein.com/cao/Education%20and%20Conservation%20Incentives/MJ%20Thesis%20Fin

al.pdf

Natural Resources Conservation Service (2001). Prime Farmland in Washington, 1982-1997. National Resources

Inventory. Resources in Washington Series.

Pacific Mountain Workforce Development Council (2012). Targeted Cluster Identification and Strategic Alignment.

Economic Modeling Specialists Int. and J Robertson and Co.

Patzek, P. and Rocker, S. (2014). South Puget Sound Farms to Market Assessment. The Community Foundation of

South Puget Sound. Olympia, WA.

Pizzimenti, J. 2002. Efficacy and economics of riparian buffers on agricultural lands, State of Washington.

Englewood, CO: GEI Consultants, Inc. http://www.geiconsultants.com/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/

da0a1ca64f25e7fd92fcf99213f6be31/download/gei_riparian_buffers_papers_2002_2005_1.pdf

Sustainable Thurston (2012). Local Food Systems Panel: White Paper. Thurston Regional Planning Council.

Retrieved from http://www.trpc.org/260/Sustainable-Thurston-Plan

Sustainable Thurston (2013). Creating Places—Preserving Spaces: A Sustainable Development Plan for the Thurston

Region. Thurston Regional Planning Council. Retrieved from http://www.trpc.org/260/Sustainable-

Thurston-Plan

Thurston County (2004). Comprehensive Plan (update). Last amended by resolution 14845 on May 20, 2014.

Retrieved from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/comp_plan/comp_plan_home.htm

Thurston County (2013). Thurston County Shoreline Master Program Update: Inventory and Characterization

Report

Thurston County (2013). Basin Evaluation and Management Strategies for Thurston County: WRIAs 13 and 14.

Guiding Growth-Healthy Watersheds: Translating Science into Local Policy

Thurston County Assessor’s Office, personal communication (March 19, 2015).

Thurston County GIS department, personal communication (March 30, 2015).

Thurston County Resource Stewardship Department, personal communication (March 25, 2015).

Thurston VSP Bibliography Appendix A | April, 2017

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Thurston Thrives (2013). Food Action Team. Retrieved from

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/health/thrives/food.html

Thurston Regional Planning Council (2011). The Profile.

Thurston Regional Planning Council (2013). Estimates of Current and Future Impervious Area and Forest Lands

Vulnerable to Urban Conversion for Watershed-Based Land Use Planning.

United States Dept. of Agriculture (2007). Census of Agriculture: Thurston County Profile.

United States Dept. of Agriculture (2012). Census of Agriculture: Thurston County Profile.

Critical Area Functions Agricultural Activities Impacts Abrol, Dharam P. (2012). Pollination Biology: Biodiversity Conservation and Agricultural Production. Springer

Science & Business Media.

Aktar, M. W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009). Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and

hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2(1), 1–12. Retrieved from

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984095/

Augustine, D. J., and S. J. McNaughton (1998). Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant

communities: herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:1165-1183.

Bergkamp, Ger & Cross, Katharine (2006). Groundwater and ecosystem services: towards their sustainable use. In

Proceedings of the international symposium on groundwater sustainability (ISGWAS), Alicante, Spain (pp.

24-27).

Böhlke, J.-K. (2002). Groundwater recharge and agricultural contamination. Hydrogeology Journal.

Brady, Stephen J. (2007). Effects of Cropland Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife Habitat. USDA Natural

Resource Conservation Service, Central National Technology Support Center. Fort Worth, Texas.

Collins, S. L., Knapp, A. K., Briggs, J. M., Blair, J. M., Steinauer, E. M. (1998). Modulation of Diversity by Grazing and

Mowing in Native Tallgrass Prairie. Science. Vol. 280 no. 5364 pp. 745-747. DOI:

10.1126/science.280.5364.745

Cook, Kirk, V. and Beale, Perry (2014). Thurston County Agricultural Land-Pocket Gopher Evaluation. Washington

State Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Assessment Section. Olympia, Washington. Publication

No. AGR 103-407

Cushman, Kathleen A., and Pearl, Christopher A. (2007). A Conservation Assessment for the Oregon Spotted Frog

(Rana Pretiosa). USDA Forest Service Region 6 and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and

Washington

Department of Ecology (2001). Wetland Function Assessment Project. Retrieved from

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/wetlands/wfap/index.html

Department of Ecology (2001). Washington Stormwater Management Study. Retrieved from

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/commentdocs/index.html

Department of Ecology (2005). Wetlands in Washington State—Volume 1: A Synthesis of the Science. Publication

#05-06-006. Retrieved from http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/wetlands/bas/index.html

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Department of Ecology (2005). Wetlands in Washington State—Volume 2: Guidance for Protecting and Managing

Wetlands. Publication #05-06-008. Retrieved from

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/wetlands/ratingsystems/index.html

Duncan, R. S., and C. A. Chapman (1999). Seed dispersal and potential forest succession in abandoned agriculture in

tropical Africa. Ecological Applications 9: 998-1008.

Edge, W.D. 2001. Wildlife of Agriculture, Pastures, and Mixed Environs. Pp. 342-360 in D.H. Johnson and T.A.

O’Neill, eds. Wildlife-Habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press,

Corvallis, OR.

Environmental Protection Agency (2012). Agriculture Land Use. Retrieved from

http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/tlan.html

Environmental Protection Agency (2013). Wetlands Functions and Values. Retrieved from

http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/functions.cfm

Fuhlendorf, S. D., Harrell, W. C., Engle, D. M., Hamilton, R. G., Davis, C. A., and Leslie, D. M. Jr. (2006). Should

Heterogeneity be the Basis for Conservation? Grassland Bird Response to Fire and Grazing. Ecological

Applications 16:1706–1716. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-

0761(2006)016[1706:SHBTBF]2.0.CO;2

Hobbs, N. T. 1996. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management 60: 695-713.

Jones, C. G., J. H. Lawton, and M. Shachak (1996). Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Pages 130-147 in F. B.

Samson and F. L. Knopf, editors. Ecosystem management: selected readings. Springer, New York, NY.

King County (2004). Best Available Science—Volume II Appendix A: The Effects of Agricultural Operations on Critical

Areas. Retrieved from http://www.kingcounty.gov/property/permits/codes/CAO.aspx#best

King County (2004). Best Available Science—Volume I Chapter 5: Geologic Hazard Areas. Retrieved from

http://www.kingcounty.gov/property/permits/codes/CAO.aspx#best

Li, C. Y., Maser, C., Maser, Z., and Caldwell, B. A. (1986). Role of three rodents in forest nitrogen fixation in western

Oregon: another aspect of mammal-mycorrhizal fungus-tree mutualism. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 411-

414.

May, C. W. (2003). Stream-Riparian Ecosystems in the Puget Sound Lowland Eco-Region: A Review of Best

Available Science. Watershed Ecology LLC

Marcot, B. G., & Vander Heyden, M. (2001). Key Ecological Functions of Wildlife Species. Communities, 1(3), 14-41.

Michaud, Joy P. (2001). At Home with Wetlands: A Landowner’s Guide. Washington State Department of Ecology

Publication #90-31.

Moore, Aaron A., and Palmer, Margaret A. (2005). Invertebrate Biodiversity in Agricultural and Urban Headwater

Streams: Implications for Conservation and Management. Ecological Applications 15:1169–1177.

Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/04-1484

Novitzki, Richard P., Smith, Daniel R., & Fretwell, Judy D. (1997). Restoration, Creation, and Recovery of Wetlands:

Wetland Functions, Values, and Assessments. United States Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2425.

Retrieved from http://water.usgs.gov/nwsum/WSP2425/functions.html

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Reynolds, Ronald E., Shaffer, Terry L., Renner, Randy W., Newton, Wesley E., and Batt, Bruce D. J. (2001). Impact

of the Conservation Reserve Program on Duck Recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region. The Journal

of Wildlife Management. Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 765-780

Scanlon, B. R., Jolly, I., Sophocleous, M., & Zhang, L. (2007). Global impacts of conversions from natural to

agricultural ecosystems on water resources: Quantity versus quality. Water Resources Research, 43(3).

Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006WR005486/full

Scott, J. (2011). Predator’s and Prey: What’s up with Predators? Conservation Northwest Quarterly.

Shipman, H. (2010). The Geomorphic Setting of Puget Sound: Implications for Shoreline Erosion and the Impacts

of Erosion Control Structures, in Shipman, H., Dethier, M.N., Gelfenbaum, G., Fresh, K.L., and Dinicola, R.S.,

eds., 2010, Puget Sound Shorelines and the Impacts of Armoring—Proceedings of a State of the Science

Workshop, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5254, p. 19-34.

Thurston County Planning Department (2013). Shoreline Master Program Update: Inventory and Characterization

Report.

Thurston County Health Department (2009). Scatter Creek Monitoring Report 2008-2009.

Thurston County (2012). Water Resources Monitoring Report: 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 Water Years. Retrieved

from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/health/ehrp/annualreport.html

Thurston County (2005). Best Available Science: Aquifer Recharge

Thurston County (2004). Best Available Science: Flood Channel Migration Hazard Areas.

Thurston County (2011). Best Available Science: Geologic Hazard Areas: Erosion, Landslide and Marine Hazard

Areas.

Thurston County (2005). Best Available Science: Important Habitats and Species. Retrieved from

http://gothurston.org/AccurateInfo-BAS.htm

Thurston County (2005). Best Available Science-Wetlands. Retrieved from http://gothurston.org/AccurateInfo-

BAS.htm

U.S. Geologic Survey (2004). Landslide Types and Processes. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fact Sheet 2004-3072.

https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3072/pdf/fs2004-3072.pdf

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (2015). Priority Habitats and Species Management Recommendations.

Retrieved from http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/phs/mgmt_recommendations/

Washington State Department of Ecology and Washington State Department of Transportation (2001).

Washington Stormwater Management Study: Report and Recommendations from the Stormwater Policy

Advisory Committee. Final Report to the Washington State Legislature.

Wear, David N., Greis, John G., eds. 2002. Southern forest resource assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Southern Research Station. Asheville, NC.

Conservation Practices Best, Julie A. (2004). Do BMPs Really Work?. Land and Water-Fort Dudge Iowa- 48, no. 4: 19-21

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Clary, J., Wildfire, L. and Lord, B. (2012). Agricultural Best Management Practices (BMP) Database: Phase 1

Literature Review. Wright Water Engineers, Inc. and Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Cushman, Kathleen A., and Pearl, Christopher A. (2007). A Conservation Assessment for the Oregon Spotted Frog

(Rana Pretiosa). USDA Forest Service Region 6 and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and

Washington

Environmental Protection Agency (2013). Best Management Practices for Soil Erosion and Nutrient Management.

Environmental Protection Agency (2010). Nonpoint Source Program Success Story: Implementing Management

Practices and Education Efforts Reduces Turbidity.

Environmental Protection Agency (2009). Watershed Improvement Summary: Reducing Bacterial Contamination in

the Twelve Mile Creek Watershed.

King County (2004). Best Available Science—Volume II Appendix A: The Effects of Agricultural Operations on Critical

Areas. http://www.kingcounty.gov/property/permits/codes/CAO.aspx#best

Lizotte, R. E., Knight, S. S., Locke, M. A., & Bingner, R. L. (2014). Influence of integrated watershed-scale agricultural

conservation practices on lake water quality. Journal of soil and water conservation, 69(2), 160-170.

May, C. W. (2003). Stream-Riparian Ecosystems in the Puget Sound Lowland Eco-Region: A Review of Best

Available Science. Watershed Ecology LLC

Oregon State University (2012). Conservation Tillage Systems. http://people.oregonstate.edu/~muirp/constill.htm

Stang, C., Gharabaghi, B., Rudra, R., Golmohammadi, G., Mahboubi, A. A., & Ahmed, S. I. (2016). Conservation

management practices: Success story of the Hog Creek and Sturgeon River watersheds, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 71(3), 237-248.

Thurston County (2011). Best Available Science: Geologic Hazard Areas: Erosion, Landslide and Marine Hazard

Areas.

Thurston County (2011). Best Available Science: Wetlands.

Tomer, M. D., & Locke, M. A. (2011). The challenge of documenting water quality benefits of conservation

practices: A review of USDA-ARS's conservation effects assessment project watershed studies. Water

Science and Technology, 64(1), 300-310.

USDA. National Conservation Practice Standards. National Resources Conservation Service.

https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/technical/cp/ncps/

USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2015). Integrated Pest Management Program

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (1997). Management Recommendations for Washington's Priority

Habitats: Riparian.

Yuan, Y., Locke, M. A., & Bingner, R. L. (2008). Annualized agricultural non-point source model application for

Mississippi Delta Beasley Lake watershed conservation practices assessment. Journal of soil and water

conservation, 63(6), 542-551.

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Chehalis Watershed Baseline Conditions Altman, Bob (2000). Conservation Strategy for Landbirds in Lowlands and Valleys of Western Oregon and

Washington, Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight.

Beechie T.J., Imaki H., Greene J., Wade A., Wu H., Press G., Roni P., Kimball J., Stanford J., Kiffney P., and Mantua

N.J. (2013). Restoring Salmon Habitat for a Changing Climate. River Research and Applications, 29. UW

Climate Impacts Group: 939-960.

Capitol Land Trust. (2016). Black River / Chehalis Watershed. Retrieved August 1, 2016 from

https://capitollandtrust.org/conserved-lands/conservation-areas/black-river-chehalis-

watershed/

Chehalis Basin Partnership (2004). Chehalis Basin Watershed Management Plan.

Chehalis Basin Partnership (2009). The Chehalis Basin Watershed Management Plan Detailed Implementation Plan.

Volume 1, Strategies 1 through 5. Retrieved from

http://chehalisbasinpartnership.org/watershed_plan/watershed_plan.html

Chehalis Basin Partnership (2011). A Look at the Implementation Progress of the Chehalis Basin Watershed

Management Plan and Detailed Implementation Plan. Retrieved from

http://chehalisbasinpartnership.org/watershed_plan/watershed_plan.html

Climate Impacts Group (2013). “State of Knowledge Report,” Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in

Washington State: Technical Summaries for Decision Makers. University of Washington.

Collyard, S. and M. Von Prause (2010). Upper Chehalis River Watershed Multi-Parameter Total Maximum Daily

Load: Water Quality Data Review. Department of Ecology State of Washington. Retrieved from

www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/1003057.html

Cook, Kirk, V. and Beale, Perry (2014).Thurston County Agricultural Land-Pocket Gopher Evaluation. Washington

State Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Assessment Section.

Department of Ecology (2012). Preparing for a Changing Climate: Washington State’s Integrated Climate Response

Strategy. Publication no. 12-01-004. Retrieved from

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/ipa_responsestrategy.htm

Department of Ecology (2014). Water Quality Improvement Projects: Chehalis River Area: Multi-parameter.

Retrieved from http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/tmdl/ChehalisRvrTMDLSummary.html

Department of Ecology (2012). Washington’s Water Quality Assessment and 303 (d) list. Retrieved from

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/303d/index.html

Department of Ecology (2012). Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Washington: Chapter

173-201A WAC. Retrieved from http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/swqs/index.html

Earth Economics (2010). Flood Protection and Ecosystem Services in the Chehalis River Basin.

Envirovision Corporation (2000). Chehalis Basin Level 1 Assessment. Retrieved from

http://chehalisbasinpartnership.org/technical/reports.html

Fisher, J. R. and Mitchell, L. (2009). Thurston County Farmland Inventory. South of the Sound Community Farmland

Trust, Olympia, WA.

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Governor’s Chehalis Basin Work Group (2014). Chehalis Basin Strategy 2014 Recommendation Report.

Gendaszek, A. S. (2011). Hydrological Framework and Groundwater/Surface-Water Interactions of the Chehalis

River Basin, Southwestern Washington. U.S. Geologic Survey and U.S. Department of the Interior.

Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5160, p. 42.

Green, J., Loft, D., Lehr, R. (2009). State of the River Report for the Chehalis River Basin 2006-2009: a Water Quality

Study. Grays Harbor College, Aberdeen, WA.

Independent Scientific Advisory Board (2007). Climate change impacts on Columbia Basin fish and wildlife:

Northwest Power Planning and Conservation Council, Portland, Oregon.

Kliem, John M. and Holden, Deborah A. (2011). The Chehalis Basin Salmon Habitat Restoration and Preservation

Strategy for WRIA 22 and 23. Chehalis Basin Lead Entity Habitat Work Group.

PCC Farmland Trust. (2016). Helsing Junction Farm. Retrieved August 1, 2016 from

https://www.pccfarmlandtrust.org/our-work/protected-farms/helsing-junction-farm/

Rountry, Dave (2004). The Chehalis/Grays Harbor Watershed Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Temperature, and Fecal

Coliform Bacteria TMDL: Detailed Implementation (Cleanup) Plan, Washington State Department of

Ecology Water Quality Program, no. 04-10-065.

Scatter Creek Aquifer Citizen’s Committee (2014). Final Recommendations: Scatter Creek Aquifer—Septic System

Management Project. Thurston County, WA. Retrieved from

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/health/ehsc/index.html

Smith, Carol J. and Wenger, Mark (2001). Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors: Chehalis Basin and

nearby drainages WRIAs 22 and 23, Washington State Conservation Commission Final Report.

South Sound Community Farmland Trust. (2016). Scatter Creek Farm and Conservancy. Retrieved August 1, 2016

from http://www.communityfarmlandtrust.org/scatter-creek-farm--conservancy.html

The Aquatic Species Enhancement Plan Technical Committee (2014). Aquatic Species Enhancement Plan, Chehalis

Basin Work Group.

Thurston County Assessor’s Office, personal communication (March 19, 2015).

Thurston County (2015). Species of Concern. Retrieved from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/hcp/hcp-

species.htm

Thurston County (2004). Thurston County Comprehensive Plan. Last amended by resolution 14845 on May 20,

2014. Retrieved from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/comp_plan/comp_plan_home.htm

Thurston County (1994). Article VI: Rules and Regulations of the Thurston County Board of Health Governing

Nonpoint Source Pollution.

Thurston County (2015). Prairie Conservation and the Habitat Conservation Plan. Long Range Planning Resource

Stewardship Department. Retrieved from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/hcp/hcp-home.htm.

Thurston County (2013). Shoreline Master Program Update: Inventory and Characterization Report.

Thurston County (2012). Water Resources Monitoring Report: 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 Water Years. Retrieved

from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/health/ehrp/annualreport.html

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Thurston County and Thurston Regional Planning Council (2013). Estimates of Current and Future Impervious Area

and Forest Lands Vulnerable to Urban Conversion for Watershed Based Land Use Planning. Guiding

Growth—Healthy Watersheds: Translating Science into Local Policy.

Thurston Regional Planning Council (2011). The Profile.

United States Dept. of Agriculture (2012). Thurston County Profile.

Washington Dept. of Fisheries, Washington Dept. of Wildlife, and Western Washington Indian Tribes (1994). 1992

Washington State Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory.

Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office (2014). Funding and Evaluation Results: Grants Awarded by

Year of Application. Retrieved from http://www.rco.wa.gov/grants/eval_results.shtml

Wildrick L., Davidson D., Sinclair K. and Barker B. (1995). Initial Watershed Assessment Water Resource Inventory

Area 23 Upper Chehalis River. Open-File Technical Report 95-03.

Deschutes Watershed Baseline Conditions Capitol Land Trust. (2016). “Budd and Henderson Inlets”. Retrieved August 1, 2016 from

https://capitollandtrust.org/conserved-lands/conservation-areas/budd-henderson-inlets/

Department of Ecology. (2012). Deschutes Watershed, WRIA 13: Focus on Water Availability. Department of

Ecology. Publication No: 11-11-018. Retrieved from:

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1111018.pdf

Department of Ecology. (2016). Olympia-Yelm-Lacey Water Supply Project. Retrieved August 1, 2016 from

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wr/swro/olyyelmlacey.html

Deschutes Watershed Planning Unit. (2004). WRIA 13 Watershed Management Plan. Draft from October

15, 2004. Retrieved from:

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/waterresources/basin/basin-wria13.html

Haring, D. and John Konovsky. (1999). Salmon Habitat Limiting Factors, WRIA 13. Washington State

Conservation Commission. Retrieved from:

http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/supporting_documents/WRIA_13_LFR.pdf

Levitt, M., Waters, C., Tabbutt, V., Osterberg, A., Ambrogi, M., Burnham, M., Davis, S., Benson, H., and

Larry Schaffner. (2015). Deschutes Watershed Land Use Analysis: Current Conditions Report.

Thurston County and Thurston Regional Planning Council.

Northwest Rangeland Trust. (2016). Conservation Easements. Retrieved August 1, 2016 from

http://www.nwrangelandtrust.org/easements.html

Roberts, M., A. Ahmed, G. Pelletier, and D. Osterberg (2012). Deschutes River, Capitol Lake, and Budd Inlet

Temperature, Fecal Coliform Bacteria, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, and Fine Sediment Total Maximum Daily

Load Technical Report: Water Quality Study Findings. Publication No. 12-03-008. Washington Department

of Ecology. Olympia, WA

Tabbutt, V., Ambrogi, M., Burnham, M., Levitt, M. Morrison, S., Osterberg, A. and Cynthia Wilson.

(2012). Basin Evaluation and Management Strategies for Thurston County. Thurston County

and Thurston Regional Planning Council.

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Thurston Conservation District. (2005). Salmon Habitat Protection and Restoration Plan for Water Resource

Inventory Area 13, Deschutes. Retrieved from:

http://www1.thurstoncd.com/sites/default/files/u57/Strategy%20Documents.pdf

Thurston Conservation District. (2016). Lead Entity Project Accomplishments. Retrieved from:

https://www.thurstoncd.com/

Thurston County. (n.d.). Deschutes River. Thurston County Emergency Management. Retrieved from:

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/em/PressRelease/Rivers/Deschutes.htm

Thurston County (2013). Shoreline Master Program Update Inventory and Characterization Report. Prepared by the

Thurston County Resource Stewardship Department, Long Range Planning Division.

Thurston County. (2014). Thurston County, WA Flood Hazard Mitigation Plan Annual Progress Report CRS Activity

510. Thurston County. Retrieved from: http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/natural-res/docs/2014-

flood-hazard-mitigation-plan-annual-progress-report.pdf

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2014). Q&A: Final Listing and Designation of Critical Habitat for Four

Thurston/Pierce County Subspecies of Mazama Pocket Gopher Under the Endangered Species

Act April 2014. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved from:

https://www.fws.gov/wafwo/documents/FAQUESTIONS_MPG.pdf

Wagner, L., and D. Bilhimer. 2015. Deschutes River, Percival Creek, and Budd Inlet Tributaries Temperature, Fecal

Coliform Bacteria, pH, and Fine Sediment Total Maximum Daily Load: Water Quality Improvement Report

and Implementation Plan – DRAFT – April 2015. Washington Department of Ecology. Publication No: 15-

10-012. Retrieved from: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1510012.pdf

Waters, C., Tabbutt, V., Osterberg, A., Ambrogi, M., Burnham, M. (2016). Deschutes Watershed Land Use Analysis:

Scenario Development Report. Thurston County and Thurston Regional Planning Council. Retrieved from:

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/watershed/docs/deschutes-project-materials/scenario-

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Nisqually Watershed Baseline Conditions Batker, D., Torre, I. and M. Kocian. (2009). The Natural Economy of the Nisqually Watershed. Earth

Economics. Retrieved from:

http://esvaluation.org/publications/Natural_Economy_of_Nisqually_Watershed_7_2009.pdf

Cook, Kirk, V. and Beale, Perry (2014).Thurston County Agricultural Land-Pocket Gopher Evaluation.

Washington State Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Assessment Section. Publication No. AGR

103-407. Retrieved from: http://agr.wa.gov/FP/Pubs/docs/407-GopherReport2013Final.pdf

Department of Ecology. (2000). Teanaway Temperature TMDL. Retrieved from:

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0010008.pdf

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http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/303d/index.html

Department of Ecology. (2012). Focus on Water Availability, Nisqually Watershed, WRIA 11.

Department of Ecology. Publication No. 11-11-016. Retrieved from:

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1111016.pdf

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Fish and Wildlife Service. (2005). Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan.

Chapter 3. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge, Olympia, WA. Retrieved from: http://www.fws.gov/

pacific/planning/main/docs/WA/nisqually/Nisqually%20Final%20CCPEIS/chapter3.PDF

Fisher, J. (2009). Farmland Preservation in Thurston County (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Evergreen

Archives (Accession No. 86-10MES).

Fisher, J. and Lea Mitchell. (2009). Thurston County Farmland Inventory. South of the Sound Community Farm Land

Trust, Olympia, WA. Retrieved from:

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inventory1.pdf

Greene, M. (2014). Forest and Water Climate Adaptation- A plan for the Nisqually Watershed.

Nisqually River Council, Model Forest Policy Program, and Cumberland River Compact. Retrieved

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Plan-Final-2014.pdf

Hempleman, C. and Debra Sargeant. (2005). Nisqually Watershed Bacteria and Dissolved Oxygen Total

Maximum Daily Load Water Cleanup Plan. Department of Ecology. Publication No: 05-10-040.

Retrieved from: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/publications/0510040.pdf

James, C. (2007). Nisqually River Basin Fecal Coliform Bacteria and Dissolved Oxygen

Total Maximum Daily Load Water Quality Implementation Plan. Department of Ecology.

Publication No: 07-10-016. Retrieved from:

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Kerwin, J. (1999). Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Limiting Factors for Water Resource Inventory Area 11.

Washington State Conservation Commission. Retrieved from:

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Agriculture. Retrieved from: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/wa/programs/

financial/csp/?cid=nrcs144p2_036167

Nisqually Chinook Work Group. (2011). Nisqually Chinook Stock Management Plan. Draft.

Nisqually Indian Tribe (2003). Nisqually Watershed Management Plan. Publication No. 023-1248.210.

Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. Retrieved from

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Nisqually Indian Tribe. (2007). Nisqually Watershed Detailed Implementation Plan. Publication No. 023-1248-

700.100. Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. Retrieved from:

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Nisqually River Council. (2009). Nisqually Watershed Stewardship Plan. Nisqually River Council. Retrieved from:

http://nisquallyriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/NWSP_09_priorities.pdf

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Nisqually River Council. (2012). Nisqually Watershed Stewardship Plan Update. Nisqually River Council. Retrieved

from: http://www.stewardshippartners.org/wp-

content/uploads/2012/12/Nisqually_Stewardship_Plan.pdf

Nisqually River Council. (2014). River Council Looking for Way to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Nisqually

Watershed. Retrieved from: http://nisquallyriver.org/blog/2014/04/21/river-council-looking-for-way-to-

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Nisqually River Council. (2015). Yil-me-hu Winter 2015/2016. Nisqually River Council. Retrieved from:

http://www.nisqually-nsn.gov/files/1114/5219/3161/YilMeHuWinter2015-2016.pdf

Nisqually River Council. (2015). Nisqually Steelhead Recovery Plan. Nisqually Indian Tribe, Washington Department

of Fish and Wildlife, Tacoma Power, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, ICF International. Draft. Retrieved from:

http://www.slideshare.net/Nisqually/nisqually-river-steelhead-recovery-plan

Northwest Rangeland Trust. (2016). Conservation Easements. Northwest Rangeland Trust. Retrieved from:

http://www.nwrangelandtrust.org/easements.html

Puget Sound Partnership. (2008). Nisqually Watershed Chinook Salmon Recovery Plan 3 Year Workprogram 2008-

2010. Puget Sound Partnership. Retrieved from:

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date.pdf

Resource Stewardship and Geodata. (2013). Nisqually River Watershed Characterization Report. Thurston County.

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Sargeant, D., Roberts, M., and Barbara Carey. (2005). Nisqually River Basin Fecal Coliform Bacteria and Dissolved

Oxygen Total Maximum Daily Load Study. Department of Ecology. Publication No: 05-03-002. Retrieved

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Tetra Tech. (2013). Thurston County Flood Hazard Mitigation Plan. Thurston County Planning Department.

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Thurston County Agricultural Advisory Committee (2010). Thurston County Working Lands Strategic Plan. Retrieved

from: http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/permitting/agriculture/agriculture-committee.html

Thurston County. (n.d.). Nisqually River. Thurston County Emergency Management. Retrieved from:

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/em/PressRelease/Rivers/Nisqually.htm

Thurston County (2004). Comprehensive Plan (update). Last amended by resolution 14845 on May 20, 2014.

Retrieved from http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/comp_plan/comp_plan_home.htm

Thurston County (2013a). Thurston County Shoreline Master Program Update: Inventory and Characterization

Report. Thurston County, Olympia, WA. Retrieved from:

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/shoreline/documents/inventory/shoreline-inventory-and-

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Thurston County (2013b). Nisqually Watershed Characterization Study. Retrieved from:

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/waterresources/chara/nisqually/nisqually-project-chapter-1-nisqually-

area.pdf

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Thurston Regional Planning Council. Farmland Zero Net Loss. Thurston Regional Planning Council. |

Retrieved from: http://www.trpc.org/632/Farmland-Zero-Net-Loss

Thurston Regional Planning Council. (n.d.) Land Use & Residential Development Potential Interactive Map.

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http://trpc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/StorytellingTextLegend/index.html?appid=a8d7f30adc5c417a9c116312

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Thurston Regional Planning Council (2016). Thurston Climate Adaptation Plan. Thurston Regional Planning Council.

Retrieved from: http://www.trpc.org/DocumentCenter/View/2831

U.S. Department of Commerce. (Multiple Years). Census Bureau, American Community Survey Office,

Washington, D.C

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. (2016). Fishing and Shellfishing. Retrieved from:

http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/washington/County/Thurston/

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. (2016). Freshwater Fishing in the Nisqually River. Retrieved from:

http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/salmon/pink/nisqually.html

Kennedy-Goldsborough Watershed Baseline Conditions Ahmed, A. (2004). Tributaries to Totten, Eld, and Little Skookum Inlets: Temperature and Fecal Coliform

Bacteria Total Maximum Daily Load Study. Publication No: 04-03-106. Retrieved from:

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0403106.pdf

Ahmed, A., Pelletier, G., Roberts, M. and Andrew Kolosseus (2014). South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study.

Department of Ecology. Publication No: 14-03-004. Retrieved from:

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1403004.pdf

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Chapter%203%20Ecosystem%20Profile.pdf

Cosmopolitan Engineering Group & RH2 Engineering (2005). Kennedy-Goldsborough Watershed Water Storage

Assessment. Department of Ecology. Retrieved from:

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/wrias/planning/docs/wria14_storasrept_rev1.pdf

Department of Ecology (n.d.). Kennedy-Goldsborough, WRIA 14a. Department of Ecology. Retrieved

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Washington. Department of Ecology. Publication no: 06-10-091. Retrieved from:

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0610091.pdf

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14. Department of Ecology. Publication No: 11-11-019. Retrieved from:

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/1111019.pdf

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Department of Ecology (2014). Water Quality Improvement Projects Totten and Eld Inlets: Fecal

Coliform. Department of Ecology. Retrieved from:

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/tmdl/TottenEldTMDL.html

Dickes, B. (2008a). Kennedy Creek Fecal Coliform Bacteria Water Quality Monitoring Study. Department of Ecology.

Publication No: 08-10-085. Retrieved from:

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Dickes, B. (2008b). Pierre Creek and Burns Creek Fecal Coliform Bacteria Water Quality Monitoring

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https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0810060.pdf

Dickes, B. (2009). Upper Kennedy Creek Fecal Coliform Bacteria Investigation, 2008-2009. Department of Ecology.

Publication No: 09-10-098. Retrieved from:

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EnviroVision Corporation (2003). WRIA 14 Surface Quality Monitoring Strategy. Department of Ecology. Retrieved

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EnviroVision Corporation (2005). Preliminary Assessment of Lower Hood Canal Streams: 2004 Study. Department of

Ecology. Retrieved from: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/wrias/planning/docs/

Final_Prelim_Assess_of_HCStreams_v2.pdf

Fisher, J. and Lea Mitchell (2009). Thurston County Farmland Inventory. South of the Sound Community Farm Land

Trust, Olympia, WA. Retrieved from:

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Golder Associates, Inc. (2002). Kennedy-Goldsborough Watershed, Phase II –Level 1 Assessment, Data Compilation

and Primary Assessment. Department of Ecology. Retrieved from:

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/wrias/planning/docs/Level%201%20Assessment.pdf

Hempleman, C. (2007). Tributaries to Totten, Eld and Little Skookum Inlets, Fecal Coliform Bacteria and

Temperature Total Maximum Daily Load. Department of Ecology. Publication No: 07-10-071. Retrieved

from: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/documents/0710071.pdf

Kuttel, M. (2002). Salmonid Habitat Limiting Factors Water Resource Inventory Area 14, Kennedy-Goldsborough

Basin. Washington State Conservation Commission. Retrieved from:

http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/supporting_documents/wria14_lfa.pdf

Mason Conservation District. (2004). Salmon Habitat Protection and Restoration Plan for Water Resource Inventory

Area 14, Kennedy-Goldsborough. Mason Conservation District. Retrieved from:

http://waconnect.paladinpanoramic.com/services/project/file?sid=160&pid=17146&id=16901

Mason Conservation District. (2016). Gosnell Creek Large Woody Debris and Riparian Enhancement

Letter of Intent. Retrieved from: http://www.masoncd.org/uploads/3/1/5/9/31598011/

gosnell_creek_lwd_and_riparian_enhancement_loi.pdf

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Northwest Land & Water (2005). Final WRIA 14 / Kennedy-Goldsborough Watershed Phase II Hydrogeologic

Investigation. Department of Ecology. Retrieved from:

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/wrias/planning/docs/wria14_hgi_final.pdf

Northwest Land & Water (2005). Preliminary Build-Out & Projected Water Quantity Analysis.

Department of Ecology. Retrieved from:

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Plateau Technical Communication Services (2006). WRIA 14 Watershed Management Plan Kennedy-Goldsborough

Watershed. Department of Ecology. Retrieved from:

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Rosenkotter, B., Peters, K., Osterman, D., Myers, D., Nelson, A., Vigue, L., Mitchell, T., Tyler, M., and

Cascadia Consulting Group (2007). Puget Sound Nearshore Project Priorities: Assessing Consistency

between Local and Regional Strategies of the Puget Sound Salmon Recovery Plan. Washington

Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved from:

http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01358/wdfw01358.pdf

South Puget Sound Salmon Recovery Group (2005). Chinook & Bull Trout Recovery Approach for the South Puget

Sound Nearshore. Shared Strategy for Puget Sound. Draft 2. Retrieved from:

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Thurston County (2013a). Thurston County Shoreline Master Program Update: Inventory and Characterization

Report. Thurston County, Olympia, WA. Retrieved from:

http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/planning/shoreline/documents/inventory/shoreline-inventory-and-

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Thurston Regional Planning Council (2015). Estimates of Current and Future Impervious Area and Forest Lands

Vulnerable to Urban Conversion for Watershed Based Land Use Planning in Thurston County. Thurston

Regional Planning Council. Retrieved from: http://www.trpc.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1845

Thurston Regional Planning Council (2016). Thurston Climate Adaptation Plan. Thurston Regional Planning Council.

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Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. (2011). Kennedy/Goldsborough WRIA 14. Retrieved from:

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Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. (2014). Social Marketing to Reduce Shoreline Armoring. Washington

Department of Fish and Wildlife. Washington Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved from:

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Implementation

Conservation Planning Natural Resources Conservation Service (2014). National Planning Procedures Handbook (NPPH), Edition 1.

Retrieved from: http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/ViewerFS.aspx?hid=33232

Stewardship Plans Berk Consulting (2014). Voluntary Stewardship Program Whitepaper. Chelan County Natural Resources

Department. Retrieved from: http://www.co.chelan.wa.us/natural-resources/pages/voluntary-

stewardship-program?parent=Planning

Whatcom County Planning and Development Services (2014). Farm Plans. Retrieved from

http://www.whatcomcounty.us/745/Farm-Plans