Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.
-
Upload
tianna-metcalfe -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.
![Page 1: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops
Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7
![Page 2: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Baby carrots – a product of the “Soccer Mom” age
Baby carrots are produced by using specially bred forms that produce a long, thin storage root. The roots are carefully selected to eliminate discolored or malformed ones, and then are sliced into short pieces (2-3 inches). The pieces are further checked for color (they must have no hint of green) and are sent through a lathe device that smoothes the ends. The final product is ready to eat in a convenient form.
![Page 3: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Quiz
![Page 4: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Quiz
1.Name a vegetable for each category of what we actually eat:
petiole: entire leaf: inflorescence:
2. Where was the potato domesticated? What part of the plant do we eat?
![Page 5: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Asparagus – Eat Your LiliesSee Fig. 7.25, p. 177
![Page 6: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Onions – Allium cepaSee Fig. 7.27, p. 179
![Page 7: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Leeks – Another AlliumSee Fig. 7.27, p. 179
![Page 8: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bulbs
Big budson short stems
Adventitious Roots
SucculentStorage Leaves
Stem
![Page 9: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Corms: short fat underground stems
Corms
![Page 10: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rhizomes: simple underground stems
Hydrocotyle
Petiolesreach above
the sand
Nodes
Adventitious Roots
Apexof
Rhizome
Rhizomes
![Page 11: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tubers:swollen ends of
rhizomes
![Page 12: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bulb - onion
Tuber - potato
Corm - Crocus
STEMS
![Page 13: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Irish PotatoSolanum tuberosum
![Page 14: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Amazing Spud- The potato is a short duration crop that produces a large amount of calories in a short period of time
- The potato produces more protein and calories per unit area per unit time and per unit of water than any other major plant food.
- The ratio of protein to calories, the quality of the protein and the high levels of vitamins and minerals are assets greatly needed in many countries.
![Page 15: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Potatoes – South American Staple
![Page 16: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Potatoes – South American Staple
![Page 17: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Potatoes – South American Staple
![Page 18: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Potatoes – South American Staple
![Page 19: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Potatoes Travel to Europe
Frederick the Great encouraging peasants to grow more potatoes
![Page 20: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Potatoes Travel to Europe
Frederick the Great encouraging peasants to grow more potatoes
![Page 21: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Potatoes Travel to Europe
Frederick the Great encouraging peasants to grow more potatoes
Vincent van Gogh painting: “The potato eaters” (Belgium)
![Page 22: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Potato BlightHealthy leaf
![Page 23: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Potato BlightHealthy leaf
Blighted leaf
Potato Blight: Phytophthora infestans (fungus)
![Page 24: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Potato BlightHealthy leaf
Blighted leaf
Potatoes damaged by blight
Potato Blight: Phytophthora infestans (fungus)
![Page 25: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Irish Potato Blight
Ireland – potato became staple crop in 1800s
![Page 26: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Irish Potato Blight
Ireland – potato became staple crop in 1800s
functionally monoculture – political & cultural considerations
1840s – potato blight hit: population 8 million 6 million
![Page 27: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Irish Potato Blight
Ireland – potato became staple crop in 1800s
functionally monoculture – political & cultural considerations
1840s – potato blight hit: population 8 million 6 million
- 1 million people died; 1.5 million people immigrated to Australia & U.S.A.
![Page 28: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Potato Culture – Increasing Mechanization
1870 1970
Holland Potato Farms 100 years apart
![Page 29: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Improving Potato Yields
Despite appearances, not yet a priority for the Green Revolution
![Page 30: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Tropical Starchy Staples
True Yam Dioscorea sp. Africa, Asia, South America
Taro Colocasia esculenta Asia tropical Pacific
Yautia Xanthosoma sp. South America
Arrowroot Maranta sp. West Indies/South America
Manioc Manihot esculenta South America
Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas South America
![Page 31: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Tropical Starchy Staples
True Yam Dioscorea sp. Africa, Asia, South America
Taro Colocasia esculenta Asia tropical Pacific
Yautia Xanthosoma sp. South America
Arrowroot Maranta sp. West Indies/South America
Manioc Manihot esculenta South America
Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas South America
Tubers
![Page 32: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Tropical Starchy Staples
True Yam Dioscorea sp. Africa, Asia, South America
Taro Colocasia esculenta Asia tropical Pacific
Yautia Xanthosoma sp. South America
Arrowroot Maranta sp. West Indies/South America
Manioc Manihot esculenta South America
Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas South America
Tubers
Roots
![Page 33: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Yams – Another Tuber
Dioscorea sp.
Monocot vines – different species domesticated independently in various tropical areas
![Page 34: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Taro – Food from a Corm
![Page 35: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Taro – Food from a Corm
![Page 36: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Taro – Food from a Corm
![Page 37: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Starchy Root Crops – Manioc (Cassava)
![Page 38: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
![Page 39: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
![Page 40: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
Most calories per unit area of land (except for sugar cane)
![Page 41: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
Most calories per unit area of land (except for sugar cane)
Grows in poor soils
![Page 42: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
Most calories per unit area of land (except for sugar cane)
Grows in poor soils
Primarily carbohydrate – low in protein, minerals, vitamins
![Page 43: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
Most calories per unit area of land (except for sugar cane)
Grows in poor soils
Primarily carbohydrate – low in protein, minerals, vitamins
Cyanogenic glycosides must be removed before consumption
![Page 44: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
Most calories per unit area of land (except for sugar cane)
Grows in poor soils
Primarily carbohydrate – low in protein, minerals, vitamins
Cyanogenic glycosides must be removed before consumption
Deteriorates rapidly after harvest (worthless after 48 hours)
![Page 45: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Cassava – Food for the “Poorest of the Poor”
Staple food for >500 million people
Most calories per unit area of land (except for sugar cane)
Grows in poor soils
Primarily carbohydrate – low in protein, minerals, vitamins
Cyanogenic glycosides must be removed before consumption
Deteriorates rapidly after harvest (worthless after 48 hours)
Low tech crop no profit for large companies
![Page 46: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Starchy Root Crops – Sweet Potato
Ipomoea batatas – Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory Family)
![Page 47: Thursday Lecture – Leaf, Stem and Root Crops Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649c9e5503460f9495e360/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Tuesday Lecture – Stem and Root Crops
Reading: Textbook, Chapter 7