Throat swab culturethroat swab. asgment.ppt

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Transcript of Throat swab culturethroat swab. asgment.ppt

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Selepas selesai pembelajaran ini pelatih dapat;• Menamakan bakteria yang boleh menyebabkan

jangkitan tekak dan faring.• Menamakan bakteria yang boleh menyebabkan

jangkitan di trakea dan bronkus.• Menamakan bakteria yang boleh menyebabkan

jangkitan paru-paru.• Menyatakan jenis spesimen yang perlu dihantar ke

makmal bagi tiap-tiap jangkitan tersebut.• Menyatakan bagaimana diagnosa makmal

dilakukan bagi tiap-tiap jangkitan bakteria tersebut.

Objektif Khusus

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Merupakan kajian tentang Merupakan kajian tentang bakteria-bakteria-

bakteria yang menyebabkan bakteria yang menyebabkan penyakitpenyakit

dalam sistem pernafasan.dalam sistem pernafasan.

BAKTERIOLOGIBAKTERIOLOGI

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Kajian makmal yang dijalankan untukmengenalpasti bakteria yang menyebabkanpenyakit.Spesimen1. Kahak (sputum)2. Swab tekak (Throat swab)3. Sekresi tekak4. Pernasal swab5. Cecair pleural (Pleural fluid)6. Tisu paru-paru.

Kajian Bakteriologi Penyakit Sistem Pernafasan

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Mikroskop1. Gram staining (smear)

Bakteria Gm+ve - warna ungu gelap. Bakteria Gm-ve – pucat ke merah gelap.

2. Ziehl-Neelson technique. Mengesan mycobacterium tuberculosis. Asid Fast Bacilli (AFB) – hanya boleh di

‘stain’ dgn carbol fuchsin.

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KulturTeknik yang digunakan utk asingkan patogenmenggunakan media-media kultur yang tertentu utkdikenalpasti dan mengesan sensitiviti terhadapantibiotik.Media Kultura) Blood agarb) Chocholate agar – Haemophilus Influenzac) MacConkey agar d) DNAse agar – Staphy. Aureus.e) Loefller serum medium – Cory. Dipthteria.f) Lowenstein Jensen acid medium – M.

Tuberculosis.g) Mannitol salt agar – Staphy. Aureus.

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Ujian serologi – DarahUtk mendiagnosa penyakit bagi patogen; yang tdk dpt dikesan dlm pemeriksaan rutin. yang sukar diasingkan atau dikenalpasti.

a) Ujian antibodi. Latex slide agglutination – kesan paras

antistreptolysin O (ASO) dlm jangkitan Group A streptococcal.

b) Ujian antigen. Coagglutination – kesan antigen H.

Influenza, Strep. Pneumonia.

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1. Jangkitan di tekak (Throat) dan di farinks (Pharynx).

2. Jangkitan di trakea & bronkus.3. Jangkitan pada paru-paru.

Jangkitan bakteria pada sistem pernafasan boleh dikelaskan kpd 3 bhgn;

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1. Pharyngitis (sore throat)25% disebabkan oleh streptococcus pyogens.Hasilkan streptolysins – sitotoksik.Rangsang penghasilan antibodi antistreptolysin O (ASO).Gm +ve non-motile, long or short chain.Diagnosa makmal; Gram stained smear. Throat swab for culture.

Media – Blood agar.Keputusan – koloni kecil + haemolsis dikeliling.

A: Jangkitan di tekak & farink.

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2. DiptheriaCorynebacterium diptheria.Bakteria Gm +ve.Non-endospore-forming-rod.Eksotoksin yang kuat.Diagnosa makmal; Throat swab for culture.

-Modified Tinsdale medium – koloni kecil kelabu dikelilingi kawasan berwarna koko kehitaman.

Tellurite Blood agar – koloni kecil kelabu gelap. Gram stained smear. Blood Culture (Paediatrik)

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3. Ulcerative tonsilitisFusobacterium.Non-motile, Gm-ve.Long & tapering rods with pointed end.Diagnosa makmal; Throat swab for culture.

Sensitivity to penicilline, kanamycin.

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1. Pertusis (Whooping cough) Bordetella pertussisGm-ve coccobasilliNon-motile, capsulated.Spesimen – Pernasal swab.Diagnosa makmal Kultur – medium Bordet gengou agar. - koloni kecil bersinar(warna merkuri),

mucoid. Gram stained smear.

B: Jangkitan di Trakea & Bronkus

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2. Acute Epiglottitis

Haemophilus Influenza type B.Gm-ve rod or coccobacilli.Spesimen – throat swab.Diagnosa makmal - Gram stain- Kultur – medium Chocolate agar. koloni mucoid (1.5 mm)

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Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenza.Strep. Pneumoniae; Gm+ve diplococcus, non-motile,

elongated (lancet-shape). Capsulated & form short chain.

Diagnosa makmal; Gram stained smear Culture – media chocholate agar.

koloni spt. bentuk cincin.

3. Ac. Bronchitis

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4. Jangkitan paru-paru (Pneumonia)a) Lobar pneumonia.

Strep. Pneumonia (type 1, 2, 3)Gm+ve diplococcus, non-motile, elongated (lancet-shape).Capsulated & form short chain.Produces leucocidin, hyaluronidase & haemolysin.Lab. Ix; Gram stained smear (sputum) Culture – media chocholate agar.

(sputum) Blood Culture.

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b) BronchopneumoniaHaemophilus Influenza, strep. Pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, Kliebsella pneumonia, legionella pneumophilla.

Kliebsella pneumonia Gm-ve, non-motile, capsulated rod. Sputum – Gram stained smear Culture – media blood agar & MacConkey.

Koloni mucoid yg besar Ujian serologi – antigen O & K.

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Staphylococcus aureusGm+ve cocci, non-motile,non-

capsulated.Sputum – Gram stained smear Sputum for Culture – media blood agar,

Chocolate agar (koloni 1-2mm warna kuning atau kream)

& MacConkey agar.Blood CultureDNAse test – positif.Ujian serologi – coagulase test.

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5. Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosisNon-sporing, non-capsulated, straight or slightly curve rod.Spesimen – sputum.Diagnosa makmal; Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Kultur – media Lowenstein Jensen

Koloni pigmen warna kuning.

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S. Aureus

E. Coli

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Streptococcus Pyogen

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B. Haemolytic A. Haemolytic

Strep. Pyogen Strep. Pneumonia

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