J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 9(4): 301-312 (2006)www.entomology.or.kr

SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION

Three New Records of the Genus Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae)from Korea

Hyojoong Kim, Wonhoon Lee and Seunghwan Lee*

Division of Entomology, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, San 51-1 SiIIim9-dong, Gwanak-gu,Seoul, 15I -92 I Korea

Abstract Aphis fabae Scopoli 1763, A. hederae Kal­tenbach 1843 and A. oenotherae Oestlund 1887 arerecognized for the first time in Korea: A. fabae,nation-widely on various host plants; A. hederae onHedera rhombea and Schejjlera actinophylla in JejuIsland; A. oenotherae nation-widely on Oenotheraodorata. They are redescribed, illustrated, and mea­sured for the apterous and alate viviparous females.

Key words Aphididae, Aphis fabae, Aphis hederae,Aphis oenotherae

Introduction

Aphis Linne 1758 is the largest genus of the subfamilyAphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with about 592valid species in the world (G. Remaudiere & M.Remaudiere, 1997). It is subdivided into 9 subgenera:Aphis (s. str.) (486 species), Absinthaphis (9 species),Anthemidaphis (2 species), Bursaphis (10 species),Protaphis (40 species), Toxopterina (1 species), Zy­xaphis (10 species), Brachyunguis (27 species) andXerophilaphis (7 species). Aphis species usually liveon the young foliage, but some species live on youngtwigs, at the base of stems, or on the roots. Recently,a total of 37 Aphis species were recorded in Korea(Lee et al., 2002), all in the subgenus Aphis Linnaeus1758 except the doubtful record of Aphis (Absin­thaphis) koraiensis Paik 1972.

As a result of examination of aphid specimensincluding the recent collections throughout the KoreanPeninsula, three species, Aphis (Aphis) fabae Scopoli1763, Aphis (Aphis) hederae Kaltenbach 1843 andAphis (Bursaphis) oenotherae Oestlund 1887, arerecognized for the first time in Korea. These species

*Corresponding author.Email: seung@snu.ac.krTel: +82-2-880-4703; Fax: +82-2-873-2319

(Received July 18, 2006; Accepted September 25, 2006)

were firstly recognized from many specimens in theNational Institute of Agricultural Science and Tech­nology, Suwon, Korea, and also have been recentlycollected in various regions. A. fabae was collectednation-widely on Hemistepata Iyrata Bunge, Youngiajaponica (L.) DC. (Asteraceae), Glycyrrhiza uralensisFisch. Ex DC. (Leguminosae), Gossypium indicumLam. (Malvaceae), Reynoutria sachalinensis Nakai,Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae), Solanum nigrumL. (Solanaceae) and Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm.(Umbelliferae). A. hederae was collected from Hederarhombea Hort., Schejjlera actinophylla Harms (Ara­liaceae) in Jeju Island. A. oenotherae was collectedon Oenothera odorata Jacq. (Onagraceae) in variousregions.

Abbreviations for descriptions are as follows: Ant.I,Ant.II, Ant.III, Ant.IV, Ant.V, Ant.Vl, Ant.VIb, an­tennal segments I, II, III, IV, V, VI and the baseof Ant.VI, respectively; Ant.IIIBD, basal diameter ofantennal segment III; PT, processus terminalis; DRS,ultimate rostral segment; 2HT, second segment ofhind tarsus; AbdT.l, AbdT.II, AbdT.III, AbdT.lV,AbdT.V, AbdT.VI, AbdT.VII, AbdTVIIl, abdominaltergum I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII; SIPH, siphun­culus; GP, genital plate; apt., apterous vivparousfemale, apterae; al., alate viviparous female, alate; ny.,nymph in apterous or alate form. Abbreviations forthe local name of the Province as follows: GG,Gyeonggi-do; GW, Gangwon-do; CB, Chungcheong­buk-do, CN, Chungcheongnam-do; GB, Gyeongsang­buk-do; GN, Gyeongsangnam-do; JB, Jeollabuk-do;IN, Jeollanam-do; JJ, Jeju-do.

Most samples of this study are deposited in theCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul Na­tional University (CALS SNU), Seoul, Korea. Someare also deposited in the National Institute of Agri­cultural Sciences and Technology (NIAST), Suwon,Korea.

302 1. Asia-Pacific Entomol. Vol. 9 (2006)

Systematic Accounts

Genus Aphis Linnaeus 1758 fl5.!§~

Subgenus Aphis sensu stricto

Aphis Linnaeus 1758. Systema Naturae. 1: 451~453Apathaphis Bomer 1952Aphidula Nervsky 1929Asiataphis Narzikulov 1970Bituberculaphis Busanova 1943Brachysiphum van del' Goot 1913Cerosipha del Guercio 1900Chaitophoroides Mordvilko 1908Comaphis Bomer 1940Debilisiphon Shaposhnikov 1950Doralida Borner 1950Doralina Borner 1940Doralis auctt. nec Leach 1827Leueosiphon Bomer 1952Longirostrina Kumar & Burkhardt 1971Longirostris Kumar Burkhardt 1970 nee S. D. W.

1836Medoralis Bomer 1952Mierosiphon del Guercio 1907Papillaphis Bomer 1952Pergandeida Schouteden 1903Tuberculaphis Bomer 1952Uraphis del Guercio 1907Wapuna Hottes & Wehrle 1951Type species: Aphis sambuci Linnaeus 1758

Aphis (Aphis) fabae Scopoli 1763 M~f!~'~

(~~) (Table 1, Fig. 1)

Aphis fabae Scopoli 1763: 139. - Suvrvey: 55.Aphis abietaria Walker 1852Aphis addita Walker 1849Aphis adducta Walker 1849Aphis advena Walker 1849Aphis aparines Fabricius 1775Aphis aparinis E. Blanchard 1840Aphis apii Theobald 1925Aphis apocyni Koch 1854Aphis atriplicis Fabricius 1775 nee Linnaeus 1758Aphis bervisiphona Theobald 1913Aphis carpathica Tshumak 1995Aphis chaerophylli Koch 1854Aphis citricola van del' Goot 1912 nee auteurs recents

[syn. par Eastop & Blackman 1988]Anuraphis cynariella Theobald 1924Aphis dahiliae Mosley 1841Aphis erecta del Guercio 1911Aphis fabae E. Blanchard 1840Aphis fumariae E. Blanchard 1840

Aphis hortensis Fabricius 1781Aphis indisitincta Walker 1849Aphis inducta Walker 1849Aphis insularis E.E. Blanchard 1923Aphis ligustici Fabricius 1779Aphis nerii Kaltenbach 1843 nee Boyer de Fon-

sco1ombe 1841Aphis phlomoidea del Guercio 1911Aphis polyanhis Passerini 1863 nee IF. Gmelin 1790Myzus roseum Macchiati 1881Myzus rubra Macchiati 1884Myzus rubrum del Guercio 1900Aphis rumicis auctt. Prior 1930 nee LinnaeusAphis silybi Passerini 1861Aphis thlaspeos Schrank 1801Aphis translate Walker 1849Aphis tuberosae Boyer de Fonscolornbe 1841Aphis valerianina del Guercio 1911Aphis watsoni Theobald 1929

. Description. Apterous viviparous female. Colour (inlife): Body wholly black or blackish brown, oc­casionally with white pleural transverse wax stripes.AntI-II black; Ant.I1I-IV pale; apex of Ant.V (oc­casionally whole), Ant.VI including PT black. Legsdark on coxae, trochanter, basal half of femur distalapex of tibiae and tarsi; otherwise pale. Siphunculiand cauda black. Colour (in macerated specimens):Head and parts of thorax black (sclerotic), abdomenpale except terga VII and VIII with dark transversebands; dorsum with pairs of irregular spinal scleriteson anterior tergum I-IV(-V), with intersegmental mu­scle sclerites. Antennae dark brown on AntI-II anddistal half of Ant.V (occasionally whole); otherwisepale. URS dark brown. Legs pale except coxae, tro­chanter, basal half of femur, distal apex of tibiae andtarsi dark brown. GP dark brown. Siphunchuli andcauda black.

Morphology. Body ovoid, 2.08-2.70 mm from an­tennal tubercle to end of cauda (Fig. IA). Head:smooth dorsally and ventrally, with three pairs ofacuminate setae on dorsum, longest seta as long asor slightly longer than Ant.IIIBD; median tubercleon frons not developed, frontal Ene between antennaltubercles almost straight with 4 setae on vertex (Fig.1D). Antennae 6-segmented, shorter (0.52-0.69 times)than body length without secondary rhinarium; Ant.Ismooth with 3-6 setae; Ant.Il smooth with 3-5 setae'Ant.I1I imbricate with 5-13 setae, longest seta 0.82~1.65 times as long as Ant.IIIBD; Ant.IV imbricatewith 5-7 setae; Ant.V imbricate with 4-6 setae; Ant.VIstrongly imbricate with 2-4setae on Ant.VIb, 4-6 setaeincluding apical setae on PT, PT 2.36-3.65 times aslong as Ant.VIb (Fig. 11). Rostrum reaching to abouthind coxae; clypeus with 4 setae; mandibular laminaewith 2-4 setae on each side; URS 0.97··1.30 times

as long as 2HT, 1.05-1.44 times as long as Ant.Vlb,bearing 2 long accessory setae, longest seta 1.1 timesas long as apical primary setae (Fig. IF, G). Thorax:pronotum smooth with one pair of minute spinal setaeand two pairs of marginal setae close to marginaltubercle on each side; meso- and metathoracic dorsumwith well developed polygonal reticulations and mar­ginal sclerites. Hind coxae smooth with approximately10 setae; posterior seta on hind trochanter 1.1-1.9times as long as width of trochanter-femoral joint;hind femur smooth, bearing long setae, longest ofposterior setae 1.0-1.8 times as long as middle widthof segment; longest seta of tibiae 0.9-1.3 times aslong as middle width of segment (Fig. 1C); first tarsalchaetotaxy 3, 2, 2; 2HT imbricate with 5-7 setaewholly. Abdomen: dorsum weakly reticulated withapproximately 8 setae on each segment of terga I-VI;terga I, VII with marginal tubercles, occasionallyrather small tubercles present on terga II-VI; marginalseta on tergum I 1.1-1.9 times as long as height ofmarginal tubercle of the same segment (Fig. IH);longest spinal seta of tergum III 0.32-1.07 times aslong as Ant.IIIBD; tergum VI with 2 spinal setae be­tween SIPH; tergum VIII with (4-)6-8 setae; genitalplate with 2-10 median setae and 10-22 setae onposterior margin. SIPH cylindrical imbricate, nar­rower at apex than at base, 1.01-1.91 times as longas cauda; apical flange weakly developed (Fig. IB).Cauda tongue-shaped or rather triangular, slightly ornot constricted, with 10-21 setae (Fig. IE).

Alate viviparous female. Colour (in life): Bodywholly black except tibiae pale, occasionally shinyon abdominal dorsum; as a nymph with white pleuraltransverse wax stripes. Colour (in macerated speci­mens): Head and thorax blackish brown, abdominaldorsum with dark transverse band on each tergum.Antennal segments dark brown. Otherwise like apte­rous viviparous female.

Morphology. Body 1.92-2.35 mm long. Antennae6-segmented, shorter (0.52-0.77 times) than bodylength; Ant.III with 9-22 secondary rhinaria; Ant.IVwith 0-6 secondary rhinaria; PT 2.09-3.75 times aslong as Ant.Vlb (Fig. 11). SIPH strongly imbricate,1.38-2.04 times as long as cauda. Cauda tongue­shaped, more or less constricted at base. Otherwiselike apterous viviparous female.

Specimens Examined. 2 al., National Institute ofAgriculture Highland, Doam, Pyoengchang, GW, 9.v.1998. on Gossypium indieum Lam. (Malvaceae); 13apt., 9 ny., Citrus Exp. Station, Namwon, Namjeju,JJ, I l.vi. 1998. on Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae);I apt., 10 al., 2 ny., Geundoek, Samcheok, GW, 23.Y.1998. on Hemistepta lyrata Bunge (Asteraceae); 10apt., 12 al., 4 ny., Silcheon, Namhae, GN, 30.iii.1999.on Rumex erispus L. (Polygonaceae); 11 apt., Cheong­gae, Muan, IN, 1.vi.l999. on Rumex erispus L. (Poly-

Three new records of the Genus Aphis from Korea 303

gonaceae); 2 apt., Medical Herb Exp. Station, Jinan,JB, 13.v.l999. on Glyeyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.(Leguminosae); 3 al., Gongcheonpo, Namwon, Nam­jeju, JJ, 26.x.2000. on Solanum nigrum L. (Solana­ceae), Coll.# 00 I023-SH85; 7 apt., Naribunji, Ul­reung, GB, 5.vi.2000. on Reynoutria saehalinensisNakai (Polygonaceae), Coll.# 000605-SH56; 3 apt.,2 ny., Dodong, Ulreung, GB, 5.vi.2000. on Rumexerispus L. (Polygonaceae), Coll.# 000605-SHI5; 18apt., 2 al., 2 ny., Naribunji, Ulreung, GB, 5.vi.2000.on Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. (Umbelliferae), CoII.#000605-SH35; 6 apt., Cheongryangri, Seoul, 23.vi.2003. on Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae), Coll.#030623-HJ1; 7 apt., Choelma-myeon Office, Gijang,Busan, 13.v.2004. on Youngia japoniea DC. (Aste­raceae), Coll.# 040513-HJ18; 7 apt., 1 ny., Cheon­jiyeon Waterfall, Seoqwipo, JJ. 27.v.2004. on Rumexcrispus L. (Polygonaceae), Coll.# 040527-HJ6.

Host plants. Primary hosts: Celastraceae: Euonymusmaximowicziana, E. europaeus, Cafrifoliaceae: Vibur­num opulus, Grossulariaceae: Philadelphus tenui­folius. Secondary hosts: Apiaceae: Angelica cincta,A. dahurica, A. gmelinii, Anthriscus sylvestris, Hera­cleum moellendorffii, Levistieum officinale, Osmo­rhiza aristata, Pastinaea sativa, Peucedanum baica­lense, Pleurospermum uralense, Tori/is japoniea,Araceae: Dieffenbaehia; Araliaceae: Aeanthopanaxsessiliflorus, Eleutherococcus senticosus; Asteraceae:Ambrosia artemisifolia, Artetium, Artemisia rubripes,A. seoparia, A. sieversiana, Aster, Caealia aurieulata,C. hastata, Calendula, Callistephus chinesis, Carduuscrispus, Cirsium arvense, C. coryletorum, C. kamt­schatieum, C. maackii, C. pendulum, C. setosum, C.wevrichii, Dahlia variabilis, Echinops, Helianthusannuus, Leontopodium conglobatum, Leucanthemummaxima, Ligularia fischeri, Ligularia, Matricaria,Prenanthes tatarinovi, Saussurea grandifolia, S. neo­serrata, S. pseudo-filesii, S. pulchella, S. salieifolia,Scorzonera albicaulis, Senecio cannabifolius, S. inte­grifolius, S. nemorensis, S. seudoarnica, Serratulawoljfii, Solidago decurrens, Sonehus, Synurus del­toides, Tanacetum boreale, Zinnia elegans; Balsa­minaciae: Impatiens glandulifera, 1. nolitangere; Ba­rassicaceae: Arabis pendula, A. sagittata, Barbareaorthoeeras, Capsella bursa-pastoris; Caprifoliaceae:Lonieera kamtsehatica; Celastraceae: Celastrus orbi­culatus; Chenopodiaceae: Beta, Atriplex, Cheno­podium album; Geraniaceae: Tropaeolum; Hydrangi­aceae: Hydrangea panieulata; lridaceae: Pardan­thopsis diehotoma, Gladiolus; Lamiaceae: Caleopsisbifida; Leguminosae: Vicia faba; Liliaceae: Hostarectifolia, Veratrum; Lynthraceae: Lynthrum; Ona­graceae: Chamaenerium angustifolium, Chamerionangustifolium, Chamerion, Epilobium, Oenothera bien­nis; Papaveraceae: Glaueium, Papaver; Plantagi­naceae: Plantago eamtschatiea, P. depressa, P. major;

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Table 1. Biometric data of Aphis fabae. Abbreviations are explained in text. A blank cell in the range columns means thatall measurements were identical.

Part Apterous vivipara (n = 20) Alate vivipara (n = 20)

Body 2.40 (2.08-2.70) 2.20 (1.92-2.35)

Whole antennae 1.45 (1.12-1.69) 1.54 (1.35- 1.65)

Ant. I 0.08 (0.06-0.11) 0.08 (0.06-0.10)

Ant. II 0.Q7 (0.06-0.09) 0.07 (0.06-0.09)

Ant.III 0.35 (0.21-0.43) 0.35 (0.29-0.39)

Ant.!V 0.25 (0.16-0.36) 0.28 (0.23-0.30)

Ant.V 0.22 (0.16-0.26) 0.23 (0.21-0 .. 27)

Ant.Vlb 0.12 (0.08-0.14) 0.13 (0.10-0 .. 16)

Length (mm) PT 0.36 (0.26-0.45) 0.38 (0.23-0.43)

URS 0.15 (0.13-0.16) 0.14 (0.13-0.15)

Hind femur 0.61 (0.50-0.69) 0.59 (0.48-0.64)

Hind tibia 1.07 (0.53-1.21) ll.l4 (1.00-1.63)

2HT 0.13 (0.11-0.15) 0.13 (0.12-0.14)

SIPH 0.34 (0.19-0.41) 0.27 (0.20-0.31)

Cauda 0.22 (0.19-0.24) 0.16 (0.14-0.18)

Setae on Ant.llI 0.02 (0.01-0.03) 0.02 (0.01-0.02)

Setae on AbdT.Ill 0.02 (0.01-0.03) 0.02 (0.01-0.03)

Mandibular lamina 3 (2-4) 3 (2-5)

Ant.! 5 (3-6) 5 (3-7)

Ant.II 4 (3-5) 4 (2-5)

Ant.!II 9(5-13) 8 (5-21)

URS (subsidiary) 2 2No. of hairs on

Tergite VI between SIPH 3 (2-4) 2

Tergite VllI 4 (1-6) 4 (3-6)

Median of GP 6 (2-10) 7 (3-10)

Posterior margin of GP 14 (10-22) 13 (11-20)

Cauda 16 (10-21) 17(11-21)

No. of Rhinaria on Ant.III 0 17 (9-22)

Whole Antennae I Body 0.60 (0.52-0.69) 0.70 (0.52-0.77.)

PT I Ant.VIb 2.96 (2.36-3.65) 3.06 (2.09-3.75)

PT I Ant.Ill 1.04 (0.88-1.55) 1.09 (0.73-1.45)

URS 12HT 1.14 (0.97-1.30) 1.07 (0.91-1.17)

URS I Ant.Vlb 1.20 (1.05-1.44) 1.11 (0.84- 1.28)

Ratio (times)SIPH I Body 0.14 (0.09-0.17) 0.12 (0.10-0.15)

SIPH I Ant.Ill 0.98 (0.65- 1.42) 0.76 (0.58-0.95)

SIPH I Hind femur 0.56 (0.37-0.66) 0.45 (0.37-0.60)

SIPH I Cauda 1.57 (1.01-1.91) 1.62 (1.38-2.04)

Cauda I Width of cauda 1.57 (1.29-2.37) 1.33 (1.10- 1.66)

Setae on Ant.Ill I Ant.IllBD 1.31 (0.82- 1.65) 1.47 (1.02-1.98)

Setae on AbdT.Ill I Ant.IllBD 0.65 (0.32-1.07) 0.80 (0.49-1.29)

Note : values are means, with min.-max. in parentheses

Three new records of the Genus Aphis from Korea 305

Polygonaceae: Rheum, Rumex acetosa, R. crispus, R.longifolius; Primulaceae: Lysimachia; Ranunculaceae:Aquilegia, Trollius chinensis; Rosaceae: Filipendulapalmata, Filipendula sp., Rosa sp., Sanguisorba par­viflora, Spiraea salieifolia, Spiraea ussuriensis, Spi­raea sp., Scrophulariaceae: Leptandra sibirica, Pedi­cularis resupinata, Veronica komarovii, V. longifolia;Solanaceae: Solanum nigrum; Urticaceae: Urtica urens;Valerianaceae: Valeriana fauriei, V. officinalis (byHeie 1986; Pashchenko 1997). In our collections, A.fabae was found on Hemistepta lyrata, Youngia ja­ponica (Asteraceae), Glycyrrhiza uralensisas (Legu­minosae), Gossypium indicum (Malvaceae), Reynoutriasachalinensis (polygonaceae) as secondary hosts newlyrecorded in the world.

Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, Thailand,India, Russia, Iraq, Central Asia, America, Europe,Africa

Remarks, Stroyan (1984) and Heie (1986) describedA. fabae to be divided into four subspecies, A. fabaecirsilaeanthoidis Scopoli 1763, A. fabae fabae Scopoli1763, A. fabae mordwilkoi Borner & Janisch 1992and A. fabae solanella Theobald 1914. In our col­lection, most specimens morphologically correspondto A. fabae solanella. But, a few specimens collectedon Anthriscus sylvestris seem to be A. fabae mord-

wilkoi. We do not employ the subspecies division inthis paper. Aphis fabae is morphologically similar toA. fukii Shinji 1922, and ecologically sharing theirhost, Rumex crispus, with A. rumicis, but these A.fabae is easily discriminated with above two specieson apterae by following characters: (comparing withA. fukii) generally setae of Ant.Ill shorter than itswidth of middle; cauda shape rather triangular withmore than 20 setae. (comparing with A. rumicisiAbdT.VI with 2 spinal setae between SIPH; nosclerotized cross band on AbdT.I-VI. Since the firstcollection on Gossypium indicum Lam. (Malvaceae)in 1998 from the National Institute of AgricultureHighland, Doam, Pyoengchang, many samples hasbeen collected nationwide in the southern part of theKorean Peninsula. Considering the wide range of hostplants and world distribution, this species have in­vaded in the late 1990's and spread rapidly in theKorean Peninsula. A origin of Aphis fabae is inferredto the European temperate regions, which have spreadto other parts of the world (Blackman and Eastop,2000). In the Far Eastern Asia, this species wasalready recorded in Japan and China, but has beenstill treated as the invasive and exotic species in theaspect of their quarantine service.

0.5mmA

I

J

Fig. 1. Aphis fabae. Apterous viviparous female (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) and alate viviparous female (J): A, body; B,siphunculus; C, hind tibia; D, head; E, cauda; F, ultimate segment of rostrum; G, hind tarsal segment II; H, marginal tubercleon abdominal tergum I; I, antennal segments II-VI; J, antennal segments II-Vt (In case of F-G and I-J, each pair in thesame magnification comparing relative size).

306 1. ASia-Pacific Entomol. Vol. 9 (2006)

Aphis (Aphis) hederae Kaltenbach 1843Afl~~2t~~~ (t!~) (Table 2, Fig. 2)

Aphis hederae Kaltenbach 1843. Monographie derFamilien cler Pflanzenlause Aachen 1843: 1-223

Aphis hederae boemeri Franssen 1927Aphis hederae pseudohederae Theobald 1927

Description. Apterous viviparous female. Colour (inlife): Body dull black or dark brown. Antennae andtibiae pale except bases and apices. Siphunculi andcauda black. Colour (in macerated specimens): Headand parts of thorax blackish brown or dark brown;abdomen pale except terga VII and VllI with darktransverse bands; dorsum with pairs of irregular spinalsclerites on anterior terga 1-1'11(-'11), rarely with rathersmall intersegmental muscle sclerites. Antennae paleexcept Ant.l-Il, apex of Ant.V and Ant.VI. URS darkbrown. Legs pale except coxae, trochanter, basal halfof femur, distal apex of tibiae and tarsi dark brown.GP, Siphunculi and cauda dark brown.

Morphology. Body ovoid, 1.66-2.56 mm from an­tennal tubercle to end of cauda (Fig. 2A). Head:reticulated dorsally and ventrally; with three pairs ofacuminate setae on dorsum, longest seta as long asor slightly longer than Ant.llIBD; median tubercleon frons slightly developed; vertex with 4 setae (Fig2D). Antennae 6-segmented, shorter (0.58-0.81 times)than body length; Ant.Ill with 0- I I secondary rhinariabroadly distributed; Ant.I smooth with 3-5 setae; Ant.II smooth with 2-5 setae; Ant.I11 imbricate with 4-11setae, longest seta 1.15-1.73 times as long as Am.IIIBD; AnUV imbricate with 5-7 setae; Ant.V im­bricate with 4-6 setae; Ant.VI strongly imbricate with2-3setae on Ant.Vlb, 3-5 setae including apical setaeon PT, PT 1.83-3.01 times as long as Ant.Vlb (Fig.21). Rostrum reaching behind hind coxae; clypeuswith 4 setae; mandibular laminae with 2-4 setae oneach side; URS I.I4-1.84 times as long as 2HT,0.85-1.61 times as long as Ant.Vlb, bearing 2-4 longaccessory setae, longest seta 1.2 times as long as apicalprimary setae (Fig. 2F, G). Thorax: pronotum dorsallyreticulated with one pair of minute spinal setae andtwo pairs of marginal setae close to marginal tubercleon each side; meso- and metathoracic dorsum withwell developed polygonal reticulations and marginalsclerites. Hind coxae smooth with approximately 8setae; posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.9-1.3 timesas long as width of trochanter-femoral joint; hindfemur smooth, bearing long setae, longest of posteriorsetae 0.7-1.2 times as long as middle width of seg­ment; longest seta of tibiae 0.6-1.1 times as long asmiddle width of segment (Fig. 2C); first tarsal chae­totaxy 3, 2, 2; 2HT imbricate with 4-8 setae wholly.Abdomen: dorsum reticulated with approximately 6

setae on each segment of terga I-VI; terga I, VII withmarginal tubercles, occasionally rather small tuberclespresent on terga II-VI; marginall seta on tergum I0.6-1.8 times as long as height of marginal tubercleof the same segment (Fig. 2H); longest spinal setaof tergum III 0.46-1.31 times as long as Ant.IIIBD;tergum VI with 2 spinal setae between SIPH; tergumVIII with 2(-3) setae; genital plate with 2 mediansetae and 9-16 setae on posterior margin. SIPH cylin­drical imbricate, much narrower at apex than at base,1.35-2.25 times as long as cauda; apical flange weaklydeveloped (Fig. 2B). Cauda tongue-shaped, slightlyconstricted, with 8-13 setae (Fig. 2E).

Alate viviparous female. Colour (in life): Body dullblack except tibiae pale. Colour (in macerated speci­mens): Head and thorax dark brown, abdominal dor­sum pale except large marginal intersegmental scle­rites and dark transverse bands on terga VI-VIII. An­tennal segments pale brown except AnU-II. Other­wise like apterous viviparous female.

Morphology. Body 1.79-2.36 mm long. Antennae6-segmented, shorter (0.70-0.83 times) than bodylength; Ant.III with 10-33 secondary rhinaria; AnUVwith 6-10 secondary rhinaria; PT 1.81-3.06 times aslong as Ant.Vlb (Fig. 2J). SIPH strongly imbricate,1.53-2.85 times as long as cauda. Cauda tongue­shaped, more or less constricted at base. Otherwiselike apterous viviparous female.

Specimens Examined. 4 apt., 5 aI., 2 ny., GreenMotel, Daejeong, Namjeju, JJ, 20.iv.2000, on Hederarhombea Siebold & Zucco (Araliaceae), Coll.# 000417­SH64; 10 apt., Sangwi, Aewol, Bukjeju, JJ, 24.x.2000,on H. rhombea, Coll.# 001023-SH31; 5 apt., 2 al.,1 ny., Halla Arboretum, Jeju, JJ, 25.x.2000. on Schef-jlera actinophylla Harms (Araliaceae), Coll#. 001023­SH57, 1 apt., 2 aI., 8 ny., Halim Park, Hallim, Bukjeju,JJ, 21.iv.2000, on S. actinophylla, Coll#. 00417- GM97;3 apt., 3 al., Eoeum, Aewol, Bukjeju, JJ, 14.v.2003,on H. rhombea, Coll.# 030513-SH43.

Host Plants. Araliaceae: Hedera helix, H. rhombea,SchefJlera actinophylla

Distribution. Korea (Jeju Island, new record), Rus­sia, Europe, S Africa, America

Remarks, Aphis hederae is widespread in north tem­perate regions, monoecious and holocyclic on youngshoots of Hedera helix, and frequently on other Arali­caceae including SchefJlera spp. (Heie 1986; Black­man & Eastop 1994). Aphis hederae is sharing theirhost plant like H. rhombea with A. hederiphaga Taka­hashi 1966, but A. hederae is easily discriminated withA. hederiphaga on apterae by following characters:head reticulated dorsally and ventrally; Ant.I11 with0-11 secondary rhinaria broadly distributed; AbdT.VIll with 2(-3) setae.

Three new records of the Genus Aphis from Korea 307

Table 2. Biometric data of Aphis hederae. Abbreviations are explained in text. A blank cell in the range columns meansthat all measurements were identical.

Part Apterous vivipara (n=20) Alate vivipara (n=ll)

Body 2.41 (1.66-2.56) 2.04 (1.79-2.36)

Whole antennae 1.41 (1.01-1.64) 1.52 (1.29-1.72)

Ant. I 0.09 (0.06-0.10) 0.08 (0.06-0.10)

Ant.II 0.09 (0.06-0.10) 0.08 (0.06-0.10)

Ant.III 0.42 (0.24-0.44) 0.37 (0.33-0.41)

Ant.lV 0.29 (0.14-0.33) 0.29 (0.21-0.37)

Ant.V 0.24 (0.15-0.26) 0.25 (0.19-0.29)

Ant.VIb 0.14 (0.09-0.16) 0.13 (0.10-0.16)

Length (mm) PT 0.34 (0.22-0.33) 0.32 (0.26-0.36)

URS 0.17 (0.13-0.17) 0.16 (0.14-0.17)

Hind femur 0.61 (0.40-0.66) 0.56 (0.45-0.68)

Hind tibia 1.06 (0.69-1.11) 1.05 (0.86-1.22)

2HT 0.12 (0.08-0.12) 0.10 (0.08-0.12)

SIPH 0.39 (0.20-0.44) 0.30 (0.22-0.38)

Cauda 0.21 (0.14-0.23) 0.15 (0.13-0.19)

Setae on Ant.Ill 0.03 (0.01-0.03) 0.02 (0.01-0.03)

Setae on AbdT.III 0.02 (0.01-0.04) 0.02 (0.01-0.03)

Mandibular lamina 3 (2-6) 2 (2-4)

Ant.I 5 (3-5) 4 (2-5)

Ant.II 4 (2-5) 4 (3-6)

Ant.III 9 (4-11) 7 (5-10)

URS (subsidiary) 2 2No. of hairs on

Tergite VI between SIPH 2 2

Tergite VIII 2 2

Median of GP 2 2

Posterior margin of GP 14 (9-16) 12 (10-15)

Cauda 12 (8-13) 11 (9-12)

No. of Rhinaria on Ant.lIT 6 (0-11) 19 (10-33)

Whole Antennae / Body 0.67 (0.58-0.81) 0.75 (0.70-0.83)

PT / Ant.VIb 2.84 (1.83-3.01) 2.46 (1.81-3.06)

PT / Ant.III 0.92 (0.67-0.98) 0.87 (0.67-1.03)

URS /2HT 1.68 (1.14-1.84) 1.54 (1.30-1.86)

URS / Ant.VIb 1.47 (0.85-1.61) 1.19 (1.01-1.42)

Ratio (times)SIPH / Body 0.19 (0.12-0.20) 0.15 (0.12-0.19)

SIPH / Ant.III 1.06 (0.79-1.07) 0.81 (0.65-0.95)

SIPH / Hind femur 0.73 (0.50-0.74) 0.54 (0.46-0.77)

SIPH / Cauda 2.12 (1.35-2.25) 1.99 (1.53-2.85)

Cauda / Width of cauda 1.82 (1.26-1.88) 1.34 (1.00-1.69)

Setae on Ant.III / Ant.IIIBD 1.69 (1.15-1.73) 1.62 (1.27-1.93)

Setae on AbdT.IlI / Ant.IIIBD 0.95 (0.46-1.31) 0.90 (0.58-1.61)

Note : values are means, with min.-max. in parentheses

308 J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. Vol. 9 (2006)

C F

_ ...._....-- ......__ ",,,. • ~~~ __ ·_.....~.~~t·· ·""··/~_ ~ .

:.z-..;;:......,...~<-"---'"'\...--- .... "

Fig. 2. Aphis hederae. Apterous viviparous female (A, E, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) and alate viviparous female (J): A, body;B, siphunculus; C, hind tibia; D, head; E, cauda; F, ultimate segment of rostrum; G, hind tarsal segment II; H, marginaltubercle on abdominal tergum I; I, antennaI segments II-VI; J, antennal segments Il-VI (In case of F-G and I-J, each pairin the same magnification comparing relative size).

Subgenus Bursaphis McVicar Baker1934

Type species: Bursaphis solitaria McVicar Baker1934. An, Inst. BioI. Univ. Nac. Mexico 5: 209-222

Aphis (Bursaphis) oenotherae Oestlund1887 ~gtOI~B5.!~ (tJ~) (Table 3, Fig. 3)

Aphis oenotherae Oestlund 1887. Geol. Natur. Hist.Surv. Minn. BulL 4: 1-100

Myzus neomexicana W.P. Cockerell & T.D.A. Co­ckerell 1901

Aphis oenotherae val'. rufa Gilette 1927Aphis ribigillettei Knowlton & Allen in Allen &

Knowlton 1939Aphis ribis Sanborn 1904 nee Linnaeus 1758 nee 0.17.

Muller 1776Aphis sanborni Patch 1914Aphis tonahasa Hottes 1950

Description. Apterous viviparous female. Colour (inlife): Body pale yellow or pale green. Antennae pale

except Ant.V and Ant.VI dark. Le:gs pale except distalapex of tibiae, tarsi and each articulation dark tramcoxa to tarsus. S1PH pale except distal apex dark.Cauda pale. Colour (in macerated specimens): Bodyand antennae wholly pale. Legs pale except tarsi anddistal apex of tibiae. URS dark. Distal apex of S1PHdark (but, even frequently pale). Cauda pale,

Morphology. Body ovoid, 1.78-2.20 mm from an­tennal tubercle to end of cauda (Fig. 3A). Head:smooth dorsally and ventrally, with three pairs ofacuminate setae on dorsum, longest seta 2 or moretimes as long as Ant.IIIBD; median tubercle on fronsnot developed, frontal line between antenna I tuberclesalmost straight with 4 setae on vertex. Antennae 6­segmented, shorter (0041-0.56 times) than body lengthwithout secondary rhinarium; Ant.I smooth with 4-6setae; AntI1 smooth with 3-6 setae; Ant.III imbricatewith 4-12 setae, longest seta 0.77-1.35 times as longas Ant.II1BD; Ant.IV strongly imbricate with 6-9setae; Ant.V strongly imbricate with 4-7 setae; Ant.VIstrongly imbricate with 2-4 setae on Ant. V1b, 3-6setae including apical setae on PI, PT 1.87-3.58 timesas long as Ant.Vlb (Fig. 31). Rostrum reaching to

Three new records of the Genus Aphis from Korea 309

Table 3. Biometric data of Aphis oenotherae. Abbreviations are explained in text. A blank cell in the range columns meansthat all measurements were identical.

Part Apterous vivipara (n = 20) Alate vivipara (n = 20)

Body 2.06 (1.78-2.20) 1.85 (1.51-2.08)

Whole antennae 0.95 (0.81-1.09) 0.96 (0.83-1.08)

Ant. I 0.D7 (0.05-0.09) 0.07 (0.05-0.09)

Ant.II 0.05 (0.05-0.07) 0.06 (0.05-0.08)

Ant.llI 0.23 (0.17-0.25) 0.18 (0.06-0.29)

Ant.IV 0.15 (0.12-0.17) 0.15 (0.12-0.18)

Ant.V 0.13 (0.12-0.15) 0.13 (0.09-0.17)

Ant.Vlb 0.10 (0.08-0.11) 0.10 (0.08-0.11)

Length (mm) PT 0.23 (0.19-0.36) O. I8 (0.10-0.26)

URS 0.16 (0.15-0.18) 0.15 (0.12-0.16)

Hind femur 0.49 (0.39-0.54) 0.46 (0.39-0.52)

Hind tibia 0.84 (0.67-0.93) 0.87 (0.78-0.96)

2HT 0.10 (0.09-0.11) 0.09 (0.08-0.11)

SIPH 0.31 (0.26-0.35) 0.22 (0.17-0.27)

Cauda 0.19 (0.17-0.22) 0.16 (0.12-0.18)

Setae on Ant.III 0.02 (0.01-0.03) 0.02 (O.01-0.Q2)

Setae on AbdT.III 0.03 (0.02-0.04) 0.03 (0.01-0.04)

Mandibular lamina 2 (1-3) 2 (2-3)

AntI 5 (4-6) 4 (2-6)

Ant.II 4 (3-6) 4 (2-6)

Ant.III 7 (4-12) 6 (3-9)

No. of hairs onDRS (subsidiary) 6 (6-8) 6 (6-8)

Tergite VI between SIPH 2 2

Tergite VIII 2 (2-3) 3 (2-4)

Median of GP 2 (2-3) 3 (2-7)

Posterior margin of GP 12 (9-15) 10 (8-13)

Cauda 10 (7-12) 9 (6-12)

No. of Rhinaria on Ant.III 0 14 (10-21)

Whole Antennae / Body 0.46 (0.41-0.56) 0.54 (0.41-0.64)

PT / Ant.VIb 2.37 (1.87-3.58) 2.34 (1.56-2.42)

PT / Ant.III 0.99 (0.79-1.42) 0.98 (0.39-3.83)

URS / 2HT 1.61 (1.46-1.88) 1.55 (1.32-2.00)

URS / Ant.Vlb 1.73 (1.43-2.00) 1.49 (1.23-1.77)

Ratio (times)SIPH / Body 0.15 (0.13-0.19) 0.12 (0.09-0.14)

SIPH / Ant.III 1.38 (1.2 I-1.65) 0.96 (0.66-4.00)

SIPH / Hind femur 0.63 (0.52-0.80) 0.48 (0.37-0.55)

SIPH / Cauda 1.61 (1.29-1.79) 1.37 (0.99-1.97)

Cauda / Width of cauda 1.59 (1.00-1.93) 1.55 (1.00-1.89)

Setae on Ant.III / Ant.l\lBD 0.99 (0.77-1.35) 1.05 (0.72-1.35)

Setae on AbdT.III / Ant.IIIBD 1.22 (0.69-2.11) 1.05 (0.57-1.48)

Note : values are means, with min.-max. in parentheses

310 1. Asia-Pacific Entomol. Vol. 9 (2006)

hind coxae; clypeus with 4 setae; mandibular laminaewith 1-3 setae on each side; DRS 1.46-1.88 timesas long as 2HT, 1.43-2.00 times as long as Ant.VIb,bearing 6-8 long accessory setae, longest seta 1.5times as long as apical primary setae (Fig. 3F, G).Thorax: pronotum smooth with one pair of minutespinal setae and two pairs of marginal setae closeto marginal tubercle on each side; meso- and meta­thoracic dorsum smooth. Hind coxae smooth with ap­proximately 10 setae; posterior seta on hind trochanter0.9-1.2 times as long as width of trochanter-femoraljoint; hind femur smooth, longest of posterior setae0.8-1.1 times as long as middle width of segment;longest seta of tibiae 0.6-0.9 times as long as middle:width of segment; first tarsal chaetotaxy 3, 3, 3 or3, 3, 2; 2HT imbricate with 6-8 setae wholly.Abdomen: dorsum weakly reticulated with approxi..mately 6 setae on each segment of terga I-VI; onlyterga I, VII with marginal tubercles; marginal setaon tergum I 0.7-1.1 times as long as height of marginaltubercle of the same segment; longest spinal seta oftergum III 0.69-2.11 times as long as Ant.IIIBD;tergum VI with 2 spinal setae between SIPH; tergum

VIII with 2(-3) setae; genital plate with 2-3 mediansetae and 9-15 setae on posterior margin. SIPH cylin­drical imbricate, narrower at apex than at base, 1.29­1.79 times as long as cauda; apical flange slightlydeveloped. Cauda tongue-shaped, well constricted,with 7-12 setae.

Alate viviparous female. Colour (in life): Head andthorax black, abdomen yellow or dull green. Antennalsegments, SIPH and cauda dark brown. Legs darkbrown except frontal tibiae. Colour (in maceratedspecimens): Head and thorax blackish brown, ab­dominal dorsum pale except brown colors of irregularpatches below spinal setae and maginal sclerites onAbdT.I-V, transverse bands on AbdT.VI-VIII andpatches below SIPH. Antennal segments and rostrumdark brown. GP brown. SIPH blackish brown andcauda pale brown. Legs brown except basal 1/3 offemur and basal 3/4 of tibiae rather pale.

Morphology. Body 1.51-2.08 rnm long. Antennae6-segmented, shorter (0.41-0.64 times) than bodylength; Ant.Ill with 10-21 secondary rhinaria; Ant.lVwith 4-10 secondary rhinaria; PT 1.56-2.42 times aslong as Ant.VIb. SIPH strongly imbricate, 0.99-1.97

A \ ;

t

\\

I\\ '

UO.Smm B

~"I-*.'(

~l:~ ~;~, li

.1 J,~ "

:~ t~) '.

Fig. 3. Aphis oenotherae. Apterous viviparous female (A, S, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) and alate viviparous female (1): A, body;S, siphunculus; C, hind tibia; D, head; E, cauda; F, ultimate segment of rostrum; G, hind tarsal segment II; H, marginaltubercle on abdominal tergum I; I, antenna I segments II-VI; J, antenna! segments II-VI (In case of F-G and 1-1,. each pairin the same magnification comparing relative size).

times as long as cauda. Cauda tongue-shaped, wellconstricted. Otherwise like apterous viviparous female.

Specimens Examined. 20 apt., Jirisan Nature Edu­cational Institute, Jirisan, GN, 26.viii.l999, on Oeno­thera odorata Jacq. (Onagraceae, Coll.# 990825­14SH; 7 apt., 2 ny., Sanbok, Yangsan, GN, 22.iv.1999,on ?Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae), Coll.# 99­0421-44; 3 apt., 24 al., Geoncheon Rest Area ofGyeongbu Exp. Way, Gyeongsan, GB, 22.iv.1999, on0. odorata, Coll.# 99-0421-49; 7 apt., 2 ny., Jindong,Girin, Inje, GW, 13.viii.1999. on 0. odorata, Coll.#990811-24SH; 2 apt., 3 al., Okcheon, CN, 9.v.2000,on 0. odorata, Coll.# 000508-SH26; 3 al., Guidun,Inje, GW, 4.vi.1999, on 0. odorata, Coll.# 990602­74SH; 7 apt., Gongcheonpo, Namwon, Namjeju, Jl,26.x.2000, on 0. odorata, Coll.# 001023-SH88; 7

Three new records of the Genus Aphis from Korea 311

apt., Hawol, Seogwipo, Jl, 12.ii.1999. on ?Sonchusoleraceus L. (Asteraceae); 4 apt., Gimnyeong Cave,Gimnyeong, n, 18.iv.2000, on 0. odorata, Coll.#000417-SHI9; 5 apt., Seowon, Samseung, Boeun,CN, 10.v.2000, on 0. odorata, Coll.# 000508-SH31;2 apt., 4 al., 3 ny., Dodong, Ulreung, GB, 6.vi.2000,on 0. odorata, Coll.# 000605-SH21; 3 apt., 5 al.,Naribunji, Ulreung, GB, 6.vi.2000, on 0. odorata,Coll.# 000605-SH36; 2 apt., 4 al., 2 ny., Dunnae,Hoengseong, GW, 25.vi.2003, on 0. odorata, Coll.#030625-SH67; 4 al., 4 ny., Taehwasan, Gwangju, GG,26.ix.2003, on ?Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv(Gramineae), Coll.# 030925-HJ2; 7 apt., Cheolmasan,Gijang, Busan, 13.v.2004, on 0. odorata, Coll.#040513-HJOOl.

Host plants. Primary hosts: Grossulariaceae: Ribes

Fig. 4. Photographs of living aphids. Aphis fabae. (A, apterous viviparous female), A. hederae (8, apterous viviparous female)and A. oenotherae (C, apterous viviparous female; D, alate viviparous female; E, damaged host, Oenothera odorata, by colonies).

312 1. Asia-Pacific Entomo!. Vo!. 9 (2006)

spp. (aureum, alpinum, nigrum). Secondary hosts:Onagraceae: Oenothera spp., Chamaenerium, Clarkia,Epilobium spp. (adenocaulon, coloratum), Fuchsia,Gaura lindheimeri, Godetia hybrida (by Heie, 1986).Otherwise, these three speices, Echinochloa crus­galli, Rumex crispus and Sonchus oleraceus, whichare record on the examined specimens from Koreamight be wrong record of host plant caused bymistakes of anonymous collectors because A. oeno­therae has specific hosts limited in the family Ona­graceae. Primary host has not been observed in Korea.

Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, N Arne­rica, Europe

Remarks. Since the host plant, Oenothera spp.,introduced from its original places (North America)more than several decades ago, Aphis oenotherae hasnot been found in the Korean Peninsula. The earliestsample is confirmed by the collection on Oenotheraodorata Jacq. from Jirisan Nature Educational In­stitute, Jirisan, Gyeongsangnam-do in 1999. However,presently, it can be found commonly throughout theSouthern part of Korean peninsula where the hostplant occurs. Aphis oenotherae is easily distinguishedfrom the other congeneric species by following cha­racters: most setae on body thick and stiff; URSbearing 6-8 long accessory setae; antennae stronglyimbricate, PT short and width of Ant.VIb thick com­paratively.

Acknowledgments We are grateful to the National Instituteof Agriculture Science and Technology, Korea, for the loanof the specimens. Many thanks also to Dr. Robert Foottitand Mr. Eric Maw, Canadian National Insect Collection,Ottawa, Canada, and Dr. Jaroslav Holman, the Institute ofEntomology, Czech Academy of Science, Ceske Budejovice,Czech, for the loan of Aphis specimens from their regionsfor comparison. Specially thanks to Mrs. Youngboon Lee,Seoul National University, for the effort of making a lotof aphid specimens. This study was supported by theNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,Rural Development Administration, Korea and Seoul Na­tional University.

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