Three gorges project
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Transcript of Three gorges project
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The Yangtze rises in the Quinghai-Tibet plateau and flows across China`s 11provinces, municipalities directly under theCentral Government and Autunomous Regions such as Quinghai,Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai. With a total length of 6300 km, a drainage area of 1,8 x 10 km² and a yearly volume of 976 x 10 m³ pouring into the Pacific Ocean. It is the largest River of China and ranks third of the World. The drainage area is one of Chinas most developed and prosperous areas, the land there is fertile and abundant in natural resources. The harnessing and exploitation of the Yangtze has a great impact on the development of the Chinese economy and its society.
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The Qutang Gorge rises from Baidi City, ends in Daxi Town from the west to the east and meanders over 8 km. The steep and towering hills in the Gorge embodied the magnificence of “controlling thousends of ravines in the west, overwhelming rolling hills while adjoining Hubei and Hunan provinces in the east”.
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The Wu Gorge rises from the estuary of Daning River in Wushan County, Chongqing, ends in Guandukou, Badong County, Hubei Province and meanders over 45 km. The Wu Gorge features beautiful hill peaks and cliffs range upon range and is known for its deepness, serenity and beauty.
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The Xiling Gorge rises from Xiangxikou, Zigui County, Hubei Province, ends in Nanjinguan, Yichang City and meanders over 76 km. There were serried reefs, surging swirls and the Gorge was known for rapids and dangerous shoals.
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CONSTRUCTION OF THE THREE GORGES DAM
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The TGP under construction (1997)
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The TGP under construction (1998)
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The TGP under construction (1999)
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The TGP under construction (2000)
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The TGP under construction (2001)
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The TGP under construction (2002)
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The TGP under construction (2003)
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THREE GORGES DAM SITE AREA
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Probably the biggest site project for the world largest Power Station.
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“The wall”, total length of 2310 m, 185 m high and 190 m wide. 27 Mio. m³ concrete used. Coast about 25 milliard USD. Project time of 75 years, construction time of 15 years (1994 – 2009).
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ELEVATIONS AND WATER LEVELS
68.8121.2
40.0
OHL
27.0
57.0
185.0
62.0
82.0
FCL
175.0
145.0
NPL
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Water filling before demolation of coffer dam.
Turbine outlet basin under construction.
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View from down stream, left bank side.
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Construction works between power house
and dam.
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Penstocks with a diameter of 12.4 m.
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Spill way and left bank hydro power plant.
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The right bank coffer dam (upstream) is 580 m long, top elevation 140 m, providing the necessary condition for the timely initial reservoir impoundment, power generation of first commissioned units and navigation through the double-lane shiplock.
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The upstream coffer dam will not be removed after finishing of “right bank”. The Units can operate only with high water level.
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Upside dam: the flooded areas have a length of 660 km and reach a surface of 1100 km², total water volume of 39.3 milliard m³. The waterflow of the river is 16`000 m³ / s (average).
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THE DOUBLE-LANE FIVE-STEP SHIP LOCK
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Ship lock under construction
Technical datas:
Type: double laneSteps: 5Step dimension: 280 x 34 x 5 mTotal length: 1500 mMax. capacity: 10 000 t Ships
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The largest “Gate” in the world.
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The Ship Lock in operation.
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THE LEFT BANK POWER HOUSE
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The building with the GIS (gas insulated switch yard) and the Transformers. View from dam down to the backside of the Power House.
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The gas (SF6) insulated switch yard ”GIS”.
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Power transmission from 20 kV up to 500 kV.
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Construction of left bank power house. The “Draft Tube, the Draft Tube Cone and Spiral Case” of turbines are erected first.
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View inside Left Bank Power House:
14 Turbine Generators with 700 MW each.
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6 VGS UNITSTechnical datas:
S n = 777.8 MVA
S max = 840 MVA
Stator:
U n = 20 kV
U p = 43 kV
I n = 22 453 A
Slot No. = 510
Bore = 18.5 m
Core height = 3.13 m
Rotor:
Pole No. = 80
N = 75 1/min
N max = 149.5 1/min
Weight = 1350 t
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VGS-Unit: stator complete, lower bracket placed.
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ALSTOM UNIT8 ALSTOM UNITS
Technical datas:
S n = 777.8 MVA
S max = 840 MVA
Stator:
U n = 20 kV
U p = 43 kV
I n = 22 453 A
Slot No. = 540
Bore = 18.8 m
Core height = 2.95 m
Rotor:
Pole No. = 80
N = 75 1/min
N max = 151 1/min
Weight = 2554 t
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Turbine datas:
Type francis turbine
Runner: Weight: 455 tons Diameter: 9.25 / 10,43 m
No. of blades: 15 Height of blade: 4.67 m
Spiral case: Inlet diameter: 12 m Rated water flow: 966 m³/s
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Spiral case prior to concrete filling.
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455 tons Turbine Runner lowering into pit.
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Stator frame and core with a total weight of about 700 tons, liftet off
“Erection Bay” and transported to its final destination: into Pit.
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Stator frame on lifting device.
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Assembly and adjustment of rotor spider and segments.
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Rotor body ready for welding.
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Masterpiece: Lower bracket complete.
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Thrust Bearing24 thrust pads on spindle supports. Every pad is provided with a “load segment” able to adjust on ± 0.01 mm to guarantee an optimal weight distribution and regular pad temperatures.
The complete thrust bearing will take up an axial load from 5520 tons during operation of the Unit
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Stator winding; overhang NDE.
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Hi-tech: pure water cooled two shift wave winding (five groups parallel), installed with “round packing” and “ripple spring” slot wedges. Stator bars with “micadur ®” insulation, stainless steel hollow conductors and PTFE hoses. Splitted neutral point.
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One of the three main terminals, output 20 kV and 7484 A.
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Generator rotor (1970 tons) on lifting device. The two cranes used for the transport of the rotor have a capacity to lift 1500 tons each.
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Generator rotor ready to transport to the pit.
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Lowering rotor into the stator.
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A difficult action: lowering the rotor into stator, by an air gap of only 35 mm and set down
carefully onto thrust block in lower bracket.
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Lowering generator rotor.
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TYPE TESTAfter completion of the first four Alstom Units with GMEC, a “Performance Test” were made on Unit No 10, to guarantee the efficiency of the Turbine -Generator acoording to the contract.
For the “Type Test” of the Unit with this size, a tremendous expenditure were necessary for the exact location of all losses, especially with all auxiliary systems.
Measure points and Equipment:
PT-100: Surfaces and environment 112 pc.Cooling water 12 pc.Pure water 4 pc.
Pressure transmitter: Flow measurement 4 pc.Shunt 0.0266843 m (80kg): Sudden short circuit 3 pc.Interface boxes: PT-100 / pressure transmitter 24 pc.Used cables: Connections 3200 m
Guaranteed Efficiencies according to the contractGuaranteed rated efficiency: 98.77%Reached rated efficiency: 98.80%Guaranteed efficiency at max. capacity: 98.76%Reached efficiency at max. capacity: 98.79%Guaranteed weigthed average efficiency: 98.76%Reached weigthed average efficiency: 98.79%
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Layout of the temperature measurement and surfaces for the efficiency test
A 5
A 11 m
A 4A 3.2
MP 39-42MP 43-46
MP 109-112MP 105-108
MP 13-24MP 1-12
MP 103 / 104MP 101 / 102
A 3.1MP 28-30
A 2 A 6.1MP 49 / 50MP 47 / 48
A 7 (A 7.1 / 7.2)
MP 135-142MP 143-150
MP 119-126MP 127-134
A 6.2
MP 31-34MP 35-38
MP 25-27
Issued: Ralph Studer HPESApproved: Markus Regli CSXC4
Doc. No: 1AHX 447833
Page 20 / 24THREE GORGES TYPE TEST Generator No: 10 / Pit 10
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Setting PT-100 for temperature measurement on pit-cover surfaces for the efficiency test.
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Equalization of PT-100 in pairs for the
measurement of the cooling water temperatures.
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PT-100 in cooling water circuit of lower bearing bracket to determine losses.
PT-100 in cooling water circuit of stator coolers to determine losses.
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Sudden short circuit test by 55 %:
Three shunts were placed and connected on bracking switch of generator.
Typical resistance 0.0266843 m
During the test, the magnetic field was so strong to lift even the 80kg heavy shunts (20 cm).
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Voltage measurement during short circuit test
between the phases.8 times 240 mm² were
connected between main terminal and star point.
Braking Circuit breaker
External supply
C
B
CT 30000 / 1A
Generator
Rotor
Shunt 10000 A / 150 mV
IA
If
IC IB
A
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Differential pressure transmitter installed for
main cooling water, pure water system and lower
bearing coolers.
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Left Bank Power House: 14 Turbine Generator Units with 700 MW (total 9800 MW)Right Bank Power House: 12 Turbine Generator Units with 700 MW (total 8400 MW)Underground Power House: 6 Turbine Generator Units with 700 MW (total 4200 MW)(additional two House Turbine Generators for domestic requirements)
Total 32 Turbine Generator Units, maximum output of 22`400 MW.Most possible energy production per year (theoretical) of 196`224 GWh.
In 2009 the whole “Three Gorges Hydro Power Station” will be in fully operation:
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On top of the dam, elevation 185 m.
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View on the upstream water intakes of left bank power station.
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Spill ways:
in the middle part of the dam are placed 24 ground-, middle- and upper spillways.
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CENTRAL CONTROLE ROOM OF POWER STATION
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CASCADE DISPATCH CENTER
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Hydro Ltd.