Three axis pneumatic modern trailer new

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INTRODUCTION A Trailer is generally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle. Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials. Some times recreational vehicles, travel trailers, or mobile homes with limited living facilities where people can camp or stay have been referred to as trailers. In earlier days, many such vehicles were towable trailers. 1

Transcript of Three axis pneumatic modern trailer new

Page 1: Three axis pneumatic modern trailer new

INTRODUCTION

A Trailer is generally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle. Commonly, the

term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials. Some times

recreational vehicles, travel trailers, or mobile homes with limited living facilities where people

can camp or stay have been referred to as trailers. In earlier days, many such vehicles were

towable trailers.

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WORKING PRINCIPLE

In our project we are doing unloading material in using three axis pneumatic modern trailer. In

this working the loading material is unloaded by using pneumatic cylinder. The compressed air

passes through the compressor. Compressor is control by the controller for ON the pneumatic.

This pneumatic force used for rivet to moves downwards. After a few seconds delay the

controller will off the compressor, so that the pneumatic moves upwards. In automatic control

movement controller control the pneumatic cylinder positioning with the help of relay and

solenoid valve. The controller gives the signal to relay drive. The main function of relay drives to

change the direction of air flow movement in solenoid valve. Then the piston movement

automatically changes in pneumatic cylinder. Then the motor is to adjust with help of manual

operated for where we have to unload the material by moving with help of wheels.

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DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

5.1. COMPRESSOR

Compressor is the air producing machine. They collect the airs from the atmosphere are

in the running of machine are engine. Air compressors are utilized to raise the pressure of a

volume of air. Air compressors are available in many configurations and will operate over a very

wide range of flow rates and pressures. Compressed air was expelled by primitive man to give

glowing embers sufficient oxygen to allow them to flare up into a fire. During the compression

process, the temperature increases as the pressure increases. This is known as polytypic

compression. The amount of compression power also increases as the temperature increases.

Compressors are staged thereby reducing the temperature rise and improving the compression

efficiency. The temperature of the air leaving each stage is cooled prior to entering the next

stage. This cooling process is called inter cooling. Volumetric efficiency also increases with

multi-stage compression since the pressure ratio over the first stage will be decreased.Selection

of the air compressor is only the first step in designing an efficient and reliable compressed air

system. The air exiting the compressor is saturated with moisture and will have compressor

lubricants (lubricated compressors only). Other chemicals that may have been drawn into the

compressor intake may also be present. This contamination is harmful to many processes,

pneumatic tools, instruments and equipment. Air purification equipment, filters, air dryers,

breathing air purifiers, monitoring equipment, used alone or in combinationwill remove these

contaminants. Selection and purchase of the compressor and necessary purification equipment

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can be easily done on the Compressed air site. Our application engineers are ready to answer all

of your questions and to assist you in placing your order. And it work in the process of rotating

the fan and the piston movement with the help of current supply.

5.1.COMPRESSOR

5.2 PNEUMATIC CONTROL COMPONENT

5.2.1 PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

An air cylinder is an operative device in which the state input energy of compressed air

i.e.penuamtic power is converted into mechanical Output power, by reducing the pressure of the

air to that of the atmosphere.

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5.2.1A) SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

Single acting cylinder is only capable of performing an operating medium in only one

direction. Single acting cylinders equipped with one inlet for the operating air pressure, can be

production in several fundamentally different designs. Single cylinders Develop power in one

direction only.

Therefore no heavy control equipment should be attached to them, which requires to be

moved on the piston return stroke single action cylinder requires only about half the air volume

consumed by a double acting for one operating cycle.

5.2.2 B) DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDERS

A double acting cylinder is employed in control systems with the full pneumatic cushioning

and it is essential when the cylinder itself is required to retard heavy messes. This can only be

done at the end positions of the piston stroke. In all intermediate position a separate externally

mounted cushioning derive most be provided with the damping feature.

5.3 VALVES

5.3.1 SOLENOID VALVE

The directional valve is one of the important parts of a pneumatic system. Commonly known as

DCV; this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in the pneumatic system. The

directional valve does this by changing the position of its internal movable parts.

This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual effort and also for the

modification of the machine into automatic machine by means of using a solenoid valve.

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A solenoid is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into straight line motion

and force. These are also used to operate a mechanical operation which in turn operates the valve

mechanism. Solenoid is one is which the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energized.

The name of the parts of the solenoid should be learned so that they can be recognized

when called upon to make repairs, to do service work or to install them.

5.3 5/2 SOLENOID VALVE

5.3.2 PARTS OF A SOLENOID VALVE

1. Coil

The solenoid coil is made of copper wire. The layers of wire are separated by insulating layer.

The entire solenoid coil is covered with a varnish that is not affected by solvents, moisture,

cutting oil or often fluids. Coils are rated in various voltages such as 115 volts AC, 230volts AC,

460volts Ac, 575 Volts AC.6Volts DC, 12Volts DC, 24 Volts DC, 115 Volts DC &230Volts DC.

They are designed for such Frequencies as 50Hz to 60Hz.

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2. Frame

The solenoid frame serves several purposes. Since it is made of laminated sheets, it is

magnetized when the current passes through the coil. The magnetized coils attract the metal

plunger to move. The frame has provisions for attaching the mounting. They are usually bolted

or welded to the frame. The frame has provisions for receivers, the plunger. The wear strips are

mounted to the solenoid frame, and are made of materials such as metal or impregnated less

Fiber cloth.

3. Solenoid plunger

The solenoid plunger is the mover mechanism of the solenoid. The plunger is made of

steel laminations which are riveted together under high pressure, so that there will be no

movement of the lamination with respect to one another. At the top of the plunger a pin hole is

placed for making a connection to some device. The solenoid plunger is moved by a magnetic

force in one direction and is usually returned by spring action.Solenoid operated valves are

usually provided with cover either the solenoid or the entire valve. This protects the solenoid

from dirt and other foreign matter, and protects the actuator. In many applications it is necessary

to use explosion proof solenoids.

WORKING OF SOLENOID VALVE:

The solenoid valve has 5 openings. These ensure easy exhausting of 5/2Valve.the spool

of the 5/2 valve slide inside the main bore according to spool position: the ports get connected

and disconnected.

The working principle is as follows.

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Position-1

When the spool is actuated towards outer direction port ‘P’ getsConnected to ‘B’ and ‘S’

remains closed while ‘A’gets connected to ‘R’.

Position-2

When the spool is pushed in the inner direction port ‘P’ and ‘A’

Gets connected to each other and ‘B’ to ‘S’ while port ‘R’remains closed.

5.3.3SOLINOID VALVE (OR) CUT OFF VALVE:

The control valve is used to control the flow direction is called cut off valve or solenoid valve.

This solenoid cutoff valve is controlled by the electronic control unit.In our project separate

solenoid valve is used for flow direction of vice cylinder. It is used to flow the air from

compressor to the single acting cylinder.

5.3.3.1 Flow control valve:

In any fluid power circuit, flow control valve is used to control the speed of actuator. The

flow control can be achieved by varying the area of flow through which the air in passing.

When area is increased, more quantity of air will be sent to actuator as a result its speed

will increase. If the quantity of air entering into the actuator is reduced, the speed of the actuator

is reduced.

5.3.3.2 Pressure control valve:

The main function of the pressure control valve is to limit (or)

Control the pressure required in a pneumatic circuit.

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Depending upon the method of controlling they are classified as

1. Pressure relief valve2. Pressure reducing valve

5.3.3.3 Hoses:

Hoses used in this pneumatic system are made up of polyurethane. These hose can with

stand at a maximum pressure level of 10 x105N/m2 .

Connectors

In our system there are two type of connectors used. One is the Hose connector and the other is

the reducer. Hose connectors normally comprise an adopt hose nipple and cap nut. These types

of connectors are made up of brass (or) aluminum (or) hardened pneumatic steel.

5.4 PRESSURE GAUGE:

Pressure gauges are usually fitted with the regulators. So the air Pressure adjusted in the

regulator is indicated in the pressure Gauge, is the line pressure of the air taken to the cylinder.

5.5.BATTERY

In our project we are using secondary type battery. It is rechargeable type. A battery is one or

more electrochemical cells, which store chemical energy and make it available as electric

current. There are two types of batteries, primary (disposable) and secondary (rechargeable),

both of which convert chemical energy to electrical energy.Primary batteries can only be used

once because they use up their chemicals in an irreversible reaction. Secondary batteries can be

recharged because the chemical reactions they use are reversible; they are recharged by running a

charging current through the battery, but in the opposite direction of the discharge current.

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Secondary, also called rechargeable batteries can be charged and discharged many times before

wearing out. After wearing out some batteries can be recycled.

Batteries have gained popularity as they became portable and useful for many purposes.

The use of batteries has created many environmental concerns, such as toxic metal pollution. A

battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy it consists of one or

more voltaic cells. Each voltaic cell consists of two half cells connected in series by a conductive

electrolyte. One half-cell is the positive electrode, and the other is the negative electrode. The

electrodes do not touch each other but are electrically connected by the electrolyte, which can be

either solid or liquid. A battery can be simply modeled as a perfect voltage source which has its

own resistance, the resulting voltage across the load depends on the ratio of the battery's internal

resistance to the resistance of the load. When the battery is fresh, its internal resistance is low, so

the voltage across the load is almost equal to that of the battery's internal voltage source. As the

battery runs down and its internal resistance increases, the voltage drop across its internal

resistance increases, so the voltage at its terminals decreases, and the battery's ability to deliver

power to the load decreases 5.5 BATTERY 5.5 BATTERY 5.5 BATTERY

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5.5 BATTERY

5.5.1 MOTOR

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current-carrying

conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it

will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor, and to the strength of the

external magnetic field. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite

(North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and South)

repel. The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction

between a current-carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate rotational

motion.

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Let's start by looking at a simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet

or winding with a "North" polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a

"South" polarization).

5.5.2 2-pole DC electric motor

Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature), stator, commutator, field

magnet(s), and brushes. In most common DC motors, the external magnetic field is produced by

high-strength permanent magnets. The stator is the stationary part of the motor -- this includes

the motor casing, as well as two or more permanent magnet pole pieces. The rotor (together with

the axle and attached commutator) rotate with respect to the stator. The rotor consists of

windings (generally on a core), the windings being electrically connected to the commutator. The

above diagram shows a common motor layout -- with the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets.

The geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor windings are such that

when power is applied, the polarities of the energized winding and the stator magnet(s) are

misaligned, and the rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the stator's field magnets. As

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the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the next commutator contacts, and energize the

next winding. Given our example two-pole motor, the rotation reverses the direction of current

through the rotor winding, leading to a "flip" of the rotor's magnetic field, driving it to continue

rotating.In real life, though, DC motors will always have more than two poles (three is a very

common number). In particular, this avoids "dead spots" in the commutator. You can imagine

how with our example two-pole motor, if the rotor is exactly at the middle of its rotation

(perfectly aligned with the field magnets), it will get "stuck" there. Meanwhile, with a two-pole

motor, there is a moment where the commutator shorts out the power supply. This would be bad

for the power supply, waste energy, and damage motor components as well. Yet another

disadvantage of such a simple motor is that it would exhibit a high amount of torque "ripple" (the

amount of torque it could produce is cyclic with the position of the rotor).

5.5.3 cyclic with the position

So since most small DC motors are of a three-pole design,A few things from this -- namely, one

pole is fully energized at a time (but two others are "partially" energized).

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5..5.4 DC motors three-ole

As each brush transitions from one commutator contact to the next, one coil's field will

rapidly collapse, as the next coil's field will rapidly charge up (this occurs within a few

microsecond). We'll see more about the effects of this later, but in the meantime you can see

that this is a direct result of the coil windings' series wiring:

5.5.5 FF-030-PN motor

There's probably no better way to see how an average DC motor is put

together, than by just opening one up. Unfortunately this is tedious work, as well as requiring the

destruction of a perfectly good motor.

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The guts of a disassembled Mabuchi FF-030-PN motor (the same model that

Solarbotics sells) are available for (on 10 lines / cm graph paper). This is a basic 3-pole DC

motor, with 2 brushes and three commutator contacts.

The use of an iron core armature (as in the Mabuchi, above) is quite common, and has a

number of advantages. First off, the iron core provides a strong, rigid support for the windings --

a particularly important consideration for high-torque motors. The core also conducts heat away

from the rotor windings, allowing the motor to be driven harder than might otherwise be the

case. Iron core construction is also relatively inexpensive compared with other construction

types.

But iron core construction also has several disadvantages. The iron armature has a

relatively high inertia which limits motor acceleration. This construction also results in high

winding inductances which limit brush and commutator life.

In small motors, an alternative design is often used which features a 'coreless' armature

winding. This design depends upon the coil wire itself for structural integrity. As a result, the

armature is hollow, and the permanent magnet can be mounted inside the rotor coil. Coreless DC

motors have much lower armature inductance than iron-core motors of comparable size,

extending brush and commutator life.

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5.5.6 Mounted Inside The Rotor Coil

The coreless design also allows manufacturers to build smaller motors; meanwhile, due to the

lack of iron in their rotors, coreless motors are somewhat prone to overheating. As a result, this

design is generally used just in small, low-power motors. Beamers will most often see coreless

DC motors in the form of pager motors.

Again, disassembling a coreless motor can be instructive -- in this case, my hapless

victim was a cheap pager vibrator motor. The guts of this disassembled motor are available (on

10 lines / cm graph paper). This is (or more accurately, was) a 3-pole coreless DC motor.

5.6.CONTROL UNIT

In our project the main device is a control unit. It is used to control the whole unit of this

project. In this we are using the solenoid valve to control the pneumatic cylinder this equipment,

the solenoid valves is connected through the control unit. The control unit provides the

instruction to the solenoid valve to operate automatically. The control unit is connected with the

battery to get the power supply.

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DESIGN AND DRAWING

6.1 MACHINE COMPONENTS

The “THREE AXIS PNEUMATIC MODERN TRAILOR” is consists of the following

components to full fill the requirements of complete operation of the machine.

1. Double acting pneumatic cylinder

2. Solenoid vale

3. Flow control valve

4. Connectors

5. Hoses

6. Motor

7. control unit

1. Double acting pneumatic cylinder:

Technical Data

Stroke length: cylinder stroke length 100mm =0.1m

Piston rod : 10mm =10 X10-3m

Quantity : 1

Seals : Nitride (Buna-N) Eastover

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End cones : Cast iron

Piston : EN-8

Media : Air

Temperature : 0-80°C

Pressure Range : 8N/m2

2.Solenoid Flow control Valve

Technical data

Port Size : 0.635x10-2m

Media : Air

Quantity : 1

3. Connectors

Technical data

Max working pressure : 10 x105 N/m2

Temperature : 0-100°C

Fluid media :Air

Material :Brass

4. Hoses

Technical data

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Max pressure : 10 x105 N/m

2

Outer diameter : 6mm =6 x 10-3 m

Inner diameter : 3.5mm =3.5 x10-3m

5.Pneumatic unit

Type of cylinder : Double acting cylinder

Type of valve : flow control valve &solenoid valve

Max air pressure : 8 x105 N/m2

6.2 DESIGN CALCULATION

Max pressure applied in the cylinder (p) : 8N/m2

Area of cylinder (A) : (3.14/4*(D2)

: 80.38cm2

: 80.38 X 10-4m2

Force exerted in the piston (F) : Pressures applied X area Of cylinder.

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6.2 PISTON ROD

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6.2.1 Piston Rod connect

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6.2.2 Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder

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6.2.3 Solenoid Valve

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6.2.4 Hose Collar

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6.2.5 Motor Material Cast Iron

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6.2.6 DRAWING FOR 3 AXIS PNEUMATIC MODERN TRAILER

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LIST OF MATERIALS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS

The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed below.

1. PROPERTIES

The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the proposed application.

The various requirements to be satisfied

Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from

chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively affect their

selection

Physical

Mechanical

From manufacturing point of view

Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal Conductivity, specific

heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity, electrical conductivity, magnetic

purposes etc.

The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,

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Compressive shear, bending, torsion and buckling load, fatigue resistance, impact

resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and

sliding properties.

The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,

Cast ability

Weld ability

Surface properties

Shrinkage

Deep drawing etc.

2. MANUFACTURING CASE

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface qualities obtainable

by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the use of special materials.

3. QUALITY REQUIRED

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material. For

example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number of components which can be

fabricated much more economically by welding or hand forging the steel.

4. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then becomes obligatory for the

designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect substitute for the material

designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also be kept in mind.

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5. SPACE CONSIDERATION

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved are

high and space limitations are there.

6. COST

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an important

part and should not be ignored.

Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.

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COST ESTIMATION

1. MATERIAL COST

2. LABOUR COST

Lathe, drilling, welding, drilling, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost

3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES

The overhead charges are arrived by” manufacturing cost”

Manufacturing Cost = Material Cost + Labor Cost

=5500+2500

=8000

Overhead Charges = 20%of the manufacturing cost

=1600

4. TOTAL COST

Total cost = Material Cost +Labor Cost +Overhead Charges

=5500+2500+1600

=9600

Total cost for this project =9600

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RESULT AND DISCUSSTION

As already mentioned, a three-way tipper can unload materials in all three sides. To control the

sides of tipping there needs to be required one more pneumatic cylinder apart from the main

hydraulic cylinder. Also we require special types of hinge joints in this case.

Please refer to the attached picture of a 3-way tipper arrangement. The main hydraulic

cylinder is placed at four corners of the chassis (structure).Each of the four corners of the body is

connected by a cross joint with the hydraulic cylinders. The cross joint allows the joining

members to tilt with respect to two perpendicular axis.

In the multi rotor wind mill the gear arrangements are different when compared to normal

single rotor wind mill, but the wind blades are not same as in it. There are two rotors in the left

side and another two rotors in the right side of the gear arrangement. Bevel gear arrangements

are used to transmit the power to the perpendicular shaft. A dynamo is placed at the bottom of

these arrangements, which helps to generate the power. When the air flows in a certain speed, it

strikes the wind blades and the wind blades attached with the rotor starts to rotate.

If the rotor rotates the power will transmitted by means of bevel gear arrangement. The

power due to horizontal rotation of the shaft will transmit to the vertical shaft so that the dynamo

also engages and hence the power is produced. The produce electric power can be stored in the

battery. The stored power can be utilized for various purposes.

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CONCLUSION

This project is made with pre planning, that it provides flexibility in operation.

This innovation has made the more desirable and economical. This project “THREE

AXIS PNEUMATIC MODERN TRAILER” is designed with the hope that it is very much

economical and help full to auto garages, etc,...

This project helped us to know the periodic steps in completing a project work. Thus we have

completed the project successfully.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Design data book, for Stimulated by prof.G.R.Damodaran's

intellectual ,inspiration ,motivation and support then faculty member Dept.mech.PSG college of

tech,comeout compilation of the Design Data Book 1968 to provide a realistic understanding of

the Engg design process, ISBN 978-81-927355.

2. Machine tool design handbook , Central machine tool institute, bangalore.

3. Strength of Material for the shape and size of various structures are designed by knowing the

strength of materials by R.S.Kurmi,ISBN 978-81-920485-1-2

4. Manufacturing Technology, Prof.serope kalpkjian teching at illinois institute of technology

since 1963 and forging industry Educational and Research Foundation for the paper1996and

registered Professional Engg and a certified Manufacturing Engg,ISBN - 978-81-7758-170-6.

5. Design of machine elements , Mr.R.S.Khurmi for A.M.I.M (india) classes in M.K.S and S.I

units point and lucid manner. Complete solutions of their examination paper upto

1977 has been included, ISBN 81-219-2537-1.

6. Pneumatic handbook , the author will not be pardoned if does not recognize and aclnowledge

Mr.S.Mohammed Raffi, great deal while gaining invaluable

first-hand exprince and reduce book in 2006, ISBN 978-93-83103-02-7.

WWW.AGMLABS.COM

WWW.WIKIPIDIA.COM

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PHOTOGRAPHY

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