This stage number appears in both REM and NREM sleep
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Transcript of This stage number appears in both REM and NREM sleep
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Stages Brain Waves
Disorders
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This stage number appears in both REM and
NREM sleep
• Stage 1
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Most healthful stage; 50% of adult sleep is here
• Stage 2
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Dreams occur in this stage
• Stage 1 REM
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Closest stage to consciousness
• Stage 1 NREM
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Least EEG activity appears here
• Stage 4
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Stage 2 NREM
• Sleep state
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Stage 1 REM
• Dream State
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Stage 1 NREM
• Hypnopompic State
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Stage 3 NREM
• Hypnagogic state
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Stage 4 NREM
• Hypnagogic state
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Slowest brain waves
• Delta
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Bursts of electrical energy seen in stage 2
• Sleep spindles
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Seen during alert wakefulness
• Beta waves
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Seen in relaxed wakefulness, early stage 1 NREM
• Alpha waves
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Follow alpha waves in stage 1 and 2 NREM
• Theta waves
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Leading cause of death in infants
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
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Not able to fall or stay asleep
• Insomnia
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Two hypersomnias
• Narcolepsy and apnea
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Bedwetting
• Enuresis
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Night terrors and sleepwalking are 2 types
of this
• Parasomnias
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Measures electrical activity in the brain
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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Measures eye movement
• Electro-oculographEOG
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Measures electrical impulses through muscle
• ElectromyogramEMG
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Measures heart rate
• Electrocardiograph (EKG)
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Amplifies signals and produces record of
physiological changes
• Polysomnograph
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Deprived
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Rhythms Theories Awakening Mixed Questions
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Difference between hours of sleep needed and
gotten.
• Sleep debt
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Short episodes of sleep that intrude on wakefulness
•microsleeps
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REM-deprived people exhibit this when allowed to sleep
naturally
• REM Rebound
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East-west travel is an example of this, which is
easier to adapt to
•Phase delay
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Older adults spend little time in this state of
sleep, thus awakening often
• Hypnagogic
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Internal biological changes that occur daily
• Circadian rhythms
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Hormone involved in inducing sleep
• Melatonin
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Neurons in hypothalamus that control sleep-wake
cycle
• Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
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Gland that secretes melatonin
• Pineal
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Length of free running sleep-wake cycle
• 25 hours
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Temperature fluctuations without sleep counter this theory
• Cool off brain
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We sleep at night due to this theory
• Self-protection (out of harm’s way)
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Common sense theory
• Rest/ energy conservation
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REM sleep is important for this
• Neural development
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Francis Crick believes sleep allows us to do
this
• Unlearn or purge stimulus overload
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Sleep disorder where you awake in panic without nightmare
•Night Terror
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Babies are most likely to wake up in this stage
•1 REM
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Adults are most likely to wake in this stage
• Stage 2 NREM
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You are most difficult to awaken in this stage and state
• Stage 3 / 4 Hypnagogic
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Sleep attacks while awake
• Narcolepsy
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Sleepwalking most likely to occur in this stage
• Stage 4
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Tingling sensation in legs at night
• Restless Leg Syndrome
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Uncontrollable leg and arm movements during
sleep
• Myoclonic jerk
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Sleepwalkers show these 2 types of brain waves
• Delta and alpha
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Passive state of consciousness
•Sleep
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Stage 1 REM is called this because large muscles are
paralyzed but smooth muscles of organs speed up
• Paradoxical sleep