This program is registered with the AIA/CES forThis ... · PDF fileThis program is registered...
Transcript of This program is registered with the AIA/CES forThis ... · PDF fileThis program is registered...
This program is registered with the AIA/CES forThis program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed ordoes not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or anythe AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or g, g yproduct. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services may be addressed at the yconclusion of this presentation.
This presentation is protected by U.S. and p p yInternational copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of thepresentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© American Architectural© American Architectural Manufacturers Association 2010
Comparison of the AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 -08 lab test (referred to as NAFS-08) to the AAMA 502 quality ) q yassurance field test and the AAMA 511 forensic evaluation
Determination of appropriate water test pressures, test durations and water applications via NAFS-08, AAMA 502-08,
d503-08 and 511-08
How to specify project-specific quality p y p j p q yassurance field testing
The proper use of AAMA 511 for forensicThe proper use of AAMA 511 for forensic evaluations
“NAFS-08” Lab Testing –Performed on prototype specimen to validatePerformed on prototype specimen to validate product performance ratings
“502” Quality Assurance Field Testing –502 Quality Assurance Field Testing Performed on “newly” installed products to verify installed performance of the product and the installationn
“511” Forensic Testing –Performed on wall assemblies with known water
l bl lctio
n
control problems as a means to accurately identify suspect wall construction components and details od
ucIn
tro
iew
ve
rvFS
Ov
NAF
Utilizes ASTM E 547 and/or E 331 for test methodology
fTest is performed under controlled environmental conditions Test sample is installed strictly per theTest sample is installed strictly per the manufacturer’s instructions in a preciseie
w
instructions in a precisetest buck opening
verv
FS O
vN
AF
Conversion as per NAFS-08f15% for R, LC, CW
20% for AWWater Resistance Test Pressure is capped at 12.00 psf for the U.S. and 15.00 psf for Canada
Gateway RequirementsP f Mi i Mi i Mi iie
w
PerformanceClass
Minimum DesignPressure, Pa (psf)
MinimumStructural test pressure, Pa (psf)
MinimumWater ResistanceTest Pressure, ve
rv
(p ) (p ) ,Pa (psf)
R 15.0 22.5 2.90LC 25.0 37.5 3.75FS
Ov
LC 25.0 37.5 3.75CW 30.0 45.0 4.50AW 40.0 60.0 8.00N
AF
6.00 PSF (~50 mph)
Equivalent hydrostaticEquivalent hydrostatic water head
1.16””
NAFS Overview
7.50 PSF (~55 mph)
Equivalent hydrostaticEquivalent hydrostatic water head
1.44””
NAFS Overview
AAMA 502-0850
2M
A 5
AAM
AAMA 502-90 Original publication by AAMAOriginal publication by AAMA
AAMA 502-02 Added reference to AAMA accredited laboratory and first introduced the 1/3 WTP reduction for water resistance testing of installed products
AAMA 502-08 Defined “newly” installed as prior to issuance of the50
2
Defined newly installed as prior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after installation of the fenestration product.
MA
5AA
M
ASTM E 783◦ Field Measurement of Air Leakage through
Installed Exterior Windows and DoorsInstalled Exterior Windows and Doors
ASTM E 1105ASTM E 1105◦ Field Determination of Water Penetration of
Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and D b U if C li S i Ai P50
2
Doors by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
MA
5AA
M
Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments for ambient conditions. In some cases, temporaryfor ambient conditions. In some cases, temporary enclosures are required to reduce adverse effects of wind and temperature at the project site.
502
MA
5AA
M
The default air leakage for quality assurance field testing is 1.5 times the applicable l b d d f h d dlaboratory standard for the product type and performance class
502
MA
5AA
M
TO OUTSIDE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
ALTERNATE TEST CHAMBER
PRESSURE MEASURINGDEVICE
CHAMBER
TEST CHAMBER
EXHAUST
INNERMOST PLANEFOR WATER PENETRATION(REFERENCE PARAGRAPH 4 3 4)
VALVE
AIR SYSTEM
502
CALIBRATED WATERSPRAY RACK
PRESSURE GAUGE VALVE
W
(REFERENCE PARAGRAPH 4.3.4)
MA
5
THE CHAMBER SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED TO MAKE ANY CONTACT WITH THE FENESTRATION PRODUCTAA
M
Requires testing agency to report and make adjustments for ambient jconditionsTest is performed on the entire f i d ifenestration product opening
502
MA
5AA
M
The test pressure shall not be less than 91 Pa (1 9 psf)91 Pa (1.9 psf)
Tests shall be conducted at a static testTests shall be conducted at a static test pressure equal to 2/3 of the tested and rated laboratory performance per AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440
502
MA
5AA
M
1. Newly installed fenestration product(s) shall be field tested in accordance with AAMA 502, "Voluntary Specification for Field Testing of Newly InstalledSpecification for Field Testing of Newly Installed Fenestration Products."
2. Test three (unless otherwise specified) of the fenestration product specimens after the products have beenproduct specimens after the products have been completely installed for air leakage resistance and water penetration resistance as specified.
3 Air leakage resistance tests shall be conducted at a3. Air leakage resistance tests shall be conducted at a uniform static test pressure of ___ Pa (___ psf). The maximum allowable rate of air leakage shall not exceed L/s•m2 ( cfm/ft2)50
2
L/s•m2 (___ cfm/ft2) 4. Water penetration resistance tests shall be conducted at a
static test pressure of ___Pa (____ psf). No water penetration shall occur as defined in Section 4.3.4 ofM
A 5
penetration shall occur as defined in Section 4.3.4 of AAMA 502
AAM
1/3 reduction to the laboratory rating of the WTP is the defaultthe WTP is the default
Sill Dam test is removed from 502 and moved to the 511 document
502
MA
5AA
M
Method “A” ◦ Product only testing has been eliminated from
the 502-08 and moved to AAMA 511.
If the source of the water cannot be determined, a forensic evaluation using th d tli d i AAMA 511 h llthe procedures outlined in AAMA 511 shall be performed
502
MA
5AA
M
AAMA 503-0850
3M
A 5
AAM
AAMA 503 was originally published in 1992AAMA 503 is a similar document to AAMA 502 for Storefronts, Curtain Walls & Sloped Glazing SystemsGlazing Systems.Updated in 2003 & 2008 AAMA 503-08 – Defined “newly” installedAAMA 503-08 – Defined newly installed as prior to issuance of the occupancy permit not to exceed 6 months after 50
3
pissuance of the occupancy permit.
MA
5AA
M
503
MA
5AA
M
StorefrontsCurtain Wall Sloped Glazing
AAMA 503
Curtain Wall Chamber ArrangementCurtain Wall Chamber Arrangement50
3M
A 5
AAM
StorefrontsCurtain Wall Sloped Glazing
AAMA 503
Sloped Glazing Systems Chamber Sloped Glazing Systems Chamber ArrangementArrangementArrangementArrangement
503
MA
5AA
M
StorefrontsCurtain Wall Sloped Glazing
AAMA 503
nga
tioes
tigc
Inve
ensi
cFo
re
ASTM References in AAMA 511
ASTM E 2128, Standard Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of Building Wallsn g g g
This guide describes methods for determining and evaluating water leakage of exterior walls A wall is ga
tio
evaluating water leakage of exterior walls. A wall is considered a system including its exterior and interior finishes, fenestration, and structural components. es
tig
components.
c In
veen
sic
Fore
Involves more than just testingThe purpose of diagnostic testing is to
t t l k th t k tn recreate water leaks that are known to occurAAMA 511 testing either follows up onga
tio
AAMA 511 testing either follows up on AAMA 502 and 503 testing or is used in a water intrusion es
tig
investigation
c In
veen
sic
Fore
“…The ultimate goal of 511 diagnostic n
testing is to recreate existing leakage behavior that occurs under in-service conditions ”ga
tio
conditions.
estig
c In
veen
sic
Fore
Four Preliminary Steps prior to testing n
◦ Review of project documents◦ Evaluation of design concept◦ Determination of service historyga
tio
◦ Inspection
Three Steps During and After Testingestig
Three Steps During and After Testing◦ Investigative Testing◦ Analysisc
Inve
◦ Report
ensi
cFo
re
Step #1: Review Project Documentsn
• Architectural drawings• Structural drawings• Shop drawingsga
tio
p g• Installation instructions• Contracts• Purchase orderses
tig
• Purchase orders• Specifications• Warrantiesc In
veen
sic
Fore
Step # 2: Evaluation of Design Conceptn
• Water management concept• Critical details• Test reportsga
tio
p• Flashing• Sealants• Weep Holeses
tig
• Weep Holes
c In
veen
sic
Fore
Step # 3: Determination of Service History• Review maintenance recordsn Review maintenance records• Interview knowledgeable personnel• Research leak history
gatio
estig
c In
veen
sic
Fore
Step #4: Inspection• Interior observations
E t i b tin • Exterior observations• Observe workmanship• Observe product ga
tio
deficiency • Develop a
hypothesis for the estig
source of the water intrusion
c In
veen
sic
Fore
nga
tioes
tigc
Inve
ensi
cFo
re
Determination is based on:n
◦ Field Standards◦ Laboratory Standards◦ Prior Testingga
tio
g◦ Weather Data◦ Experiencees
tigc
Inve
ensi
cFo
re
◦ Simulate the weather events◦ Obtain wind speedn ◦ Obtain wind speed◦ If calculated wind speed is greater then 2/3 of
the rated WTP for the product it may be that the product was not the most appropriate for thega
tio
product was not the most appropriate for the project.
◦ At least one pressure difference test must es
tig
be done at the 2/3pressure
c In
veen
sic
Fore
ASCE – 7 accounts for:En
◦ Exposure◦ Height above grade◦ Basic wind speed ga
tio
p(or weather data)◦ Location of
specimenestig
specimen within façade
c In
veen
sic
Fore
nga
tioes
tigc
Inve
ensi
cFo
re
• The objective of testing is to identify the leak pathsn paths
gatio
estig
c In
veen
sic
Fore
Consistent leaks more than one yearH i t l k t i d i S t b 2005e
1
Heaviest leakage twice during September 2005Class IIBuilding height is 33 ft., window (z) is 27 ft. abovem
ple
Building height is 33 ft., window (z) is 27 ft. above groundWindow is 4’ high x 4’ wide, wind area (A) of 16 ft2Ex
am
AAMA rating C35
11-
MA
5AA
M
AAMA 511 Example #1
Estimating the Test PressureEstimating the Test Pressure
ASCE/SEI 7‐05 analysis is used with the e 1
following information:◦ Location of building (Newark, NJ) B ildi d i ti (Cl II)m
ple
◦ Building usage designation (Class II)◦ Exposure level (Exposure B) ◦ Building design (enclosed structure with a flat roof )Ex
am
u d g des g (e c osed st uctu e t a at oo )◦ Building height (33 ft.)◦ Window area (16 square ft.)11
-
From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoretically, 2.4 psf.
MA
5AA
M
Local weather data is analyzed by daily e 1
readings for September of 2005, allowing the investigator to observe the weather condition,
t f i it ti d i i dmpl
e
amount of precipitation and maximum wind speed for each dayEx
am11
-M
A 5
AAM
AAMA 511 Example #1
The maximum 5‐second gust wind speeds are e 1
recorded for every day in September in which measurable rainfall occurredm
ple
Date Rain Fall (in) Max Wind Speed Exam
Date Rain Fall (in) (mph) 5-Sec. Gust4-Sep-05 0.12 16
12-Sep-05 0.33 1121 S 05 0 67 5211
-
21-Sep-05 0.67 52
MA
5AA
M
Only two leak events are reported during e 1
September 2005
mpl
e
Average wind determined to be 34 mph
Exam
Date Rain Fall (in) Max Wind Speed (mph) 5-Sec. Gust
4 Sep 05 0 12 1611-
4-Sep-05 0.12 1612-Sep-05 0.33 1121-Sep-05 0.67 52
MA
5AA
M
Result = 2.1 psf which is the differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in questione
1
Weather data analysis is used to determine field water penetration resistance pressure Table 3 of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I S 2/A440 05 showsm
ple
Table 3 of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440‐05 shows tested water penetration resistance pressureThe result of the weather data analysis (2.2 psf ) is the Ex
am
y ( p )differential pressure used to evaluate the window opening in question11
-M
A 5
AAM
Leak Reported during storm on September 21, 2005
le 2
Class II, Exposure CBuilding height is 60 ft., window (z) is 55 ft above groundm
ple
ft. above groundWindow is 2’ high x 2’ wide, wind area (A) of 4 ft2Ex
am
AAMA rating C35
11-
MA
5AA
M
Estimating the Test PressureEstimating the Test Pressure
ASCE/SEI 7‐05 analysis is used with the following i f ie
2
information:◦ Location of building (Chicago, Il) ◦ Building usage designation (Class II)m
ple
◦ Exposure level (Exposure C) ◦ Building design (enclosed structure with a flat roof )◦ Building height (60 ft.)Ex
am
◦ Window area (4 square ft.)
From these features, the water resistance test pressure is, theoretically, 3.2 psf.11
-
theoretically, 3.2 psf.
MA
5AA
M
Referring to tabulated local weather data e 2
above, the investigator can determine and record the maximum 5‐second gust speeds on the date of the reported leakm
ple
the date of the reported leak
Exam
Date Rain Fall (in)Max Wind Speed
(mph) 5 Sec11-
Date Rain Fall (in) (mph) 5-Sec. Gust
21-Sep-05 0.67 52
MA
5AA
M
52 mph can now be used in Eq.‐ 6‐15 from SEI/ASCE 7‐05 bli h i d f 7 9 fe
2
to establish a wind pressure of 7.9 psfSince specimen height is above 60 feet above grade, this wind pressure is inserted into Eq.‐ 6‐23 to calculate m
ple
p qmaximum test pressureResult = 8.4 psf, which is greater than the laboratory
t t ti i t t t f 5 25 f
Exam
water penetration resistance test pressure of 5.25 psf as prescribed for a C 35 product rating. Since calculated differential air test pressure exceeds the 11
-
prated performance value for the product, investigator shall first perform at least 1 test at 2/3 of the product performance rating prior to testing at calculatedM
A 5
performance rating prior to testing at calculated pressure.
AAM
Interior Weep Holes W t h ll ll h i t l f t d t b t
Test Water Head
Interior Weep Holes Water shall cover all horizontal surfaces expected to be wet
Test Water Head measured from bottom of exterior wrap
Tape applied over Exterior te oWeep
AAMA 511 Example #2
Need to determine:◦ How to apply water◦ How long to run test◦ Whether or not to include differentialea
k
◦ Whether or not to include differential pressure
How much air pressureH hhe
Le
How to step or phase pressure
ng t
reat
iRe
cr
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
How long would you test these substrates?
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
Which application best fulfills the objective?
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
How does differential pressure affect the test specimen?p
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
Start with zero differential pressure then step up to higher pressuresstep up to higher pressures
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
eak
he L
eng
tre
ati
Recr
Start testing at lower elevations and work higherhigherIntroduce one new element at a time into each new water testUse isolation to protect features from waterea
k
Use isolation to protect features from water sprayDo not turn the water off at the first moment a leak appearshe
Le
moment a leak appearsTry to trace the leak from the exterior to the interior and use destructive wall probes as required to identify this leak pathng
t
required to identify this leak pathDo not end non-leaking tests until you are confident the specimen is not contributing to leakagere
ati
to leakage
Recr
No or limited leak historyk d d l k h l kLeak reported as window leak when leak
is actually from another sourceNot enough water pressureea
k
Not enough water pressureNot able to achieve differential pressureOwner does not want to remove interior he
Le
finishesNo or limited access to concealed wall areasng
t
areasInclement weatherIsolation failuresre
ati
Recr
ceou
rche
Sng
tnt
ifyi
Iden
ceou
rche
Sng
tnt
ifyi
Iden
ceou
rche
Sng
tnt
ifyi
Iden
ceou
rche
Sng
tnt
ifyi
Iden
Identifying the Source
The forensic investigator has the responsibility to make every attempt to ascertain the exact ng y ppath of water intrusion
Conclusions are formed in this step on theport
i
Conclusions are formed in this step on the basis of the inspection and testing data collected in the previous steps.d
Rep
If conclusions cannot be fully supported by sound scientific principles then additionals
and
sound scientific principles then additional investigation is needed
lysi
sAn
a
All reports shall be self-contained documentsng
Shall include justification for deviations from the methodology described in the standardpo
rti
the methodology described in the standard
The reports shall not include any d Re
p
unsubstantiated opinions or conclusions.
If results are not conclusive the forensics an
d
If results are not conclusive the forensic investigator shall present options for obtaining conclusive resultsly
sis
Ana
Please take a moment to complete the l ti f Th k Yevaluation form. Thank You.