This presentation continues the process Design and Methodology Considerations Click above go to Part...

17
This presentation This presentation continues the continues the process process Design and Design and Methodology Methodology Consideratio Consideratio ns ns Click above go to Part 1 Section

Transcript of This presentation continues the process Design and Methodology Considerations Click above go to Part...

Page 1: This presentation continues the process Design and Methodology Considerations Click above go to Part 1 Section 5 Review.

This presentation This presentation continues the processcontinues the process

Design and Design and Methodology Methodology

ConsiderationsConsiderations

Click above go to Part 1 Section 5 Review

Page 2: This presentation continues the process Design and Methodology Considerations Click above go to Part 1 Section 5 Review.

Essential Research Issues

33ValidityValidity

11SamplingSampling

22Sample Sample

SizeSize

55VariablesVariables

44ReliabilityReliability

Page 3: This presentation continues the process Design and Methodology Considerations Click above go to Part 1 Section 5 Review.

Essential Research Issues

Inductive Method

Sample

Target Population

Accessible Population

11SamplingSampling

Considerations

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Essential Research Issues

Probability Sampling

• Members have known probability of being chosen

Non-probability Sampling

• Members are not chosen by chance procedures

11SamplingSampling

Procedure

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Essential Research Issues

Simple random sampling

Stratified sampling

Cluster sampling

Systemic sampling

Probability

11SamplingSampling

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Essential Research Issues

Convenience (accidental)

Purposive or Judgmental

Quota

Non-probability

11SamplingSampling

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Essential Research Issues

Sampling error is the discrepancy between a sample statistic and a population parameter

Sampling error

11SamplingSampling

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Sampling Procedures

Activity 1

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Sampling Procedures

Activity 2

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Essential Research Issues

Type of research

Research Hypotheses

Financial constraints

Importance of results

Number of variables studied

Methods of data collection

Degree of accuracy needed

Size of population

22Sample Sample

SizeSize

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Essential Research Issues: Validity

Definition

Relationship to Reliability

Kinds

• Internal

• External

Methods of estimating Validity

• Content

• Criterion

- Concurrent

- Predictive

• Construct

33ValidityValidity

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Essential Research Issues

Are the instruments valid and reliable for the participants used in the study?

Are the instruments the best ones? Why did the researcher choose the instruments? Are the instruments completely described?

33ValidityValidity

Evaluating Instruments

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Essential Research Issues: Reliability

Reliability is an index of expressing how free from measurement error a particular measurement procedure is

Sources of error• Non-standardization error• Observer error• Temporary characteristics of subjects• Idiosyncrasies of items/components

Reliability coefficient

44ReliabilityReliability

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Essential Research Issues

Methods Test-Retest (Stability) Alternate Form (Equivalence) Internal Consistency

• Split Half• Kuder Richardson• Cronbach’s Alpha

Scorer Reliability

Establishing Reliability

44ReliabilityReliability

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Essential Research Issues

Group heterogeneity Number of items Range of scores Difficulty of items Discrimination of items Norm Group similarity

Factors Influencing Reliability

44ReliabilityReliability

Page 16: This presentation continues the process Design and Methodology Considerations Click above go to Part 1 Section 5 Review.

Essential Research Issues

Establish standard methods of data collection• Uniform directions• Uniform time frame• Uniform setting & conditions• Same people administering test/procedure• Trained study personnel

Reasonable time demands to complete instrument/task Counterbalancing of instrument/task

Enhancing Reliability

44ReliabilityReliability

Page 17: This presentation continues the process Design and Methodology Considerations Click above go to Part 1 Section 5 Review.

Essential Research Issues

Types of use Dependent variable Independent variable Confounding variable

A variable is an attribute that is regarded as reflecting or expressing some concept or construct

55VariablesVariables


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