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This is Reservoir Engineering
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe what reservoir engineers do, and why they do it
Describe the general layout and structure of this course
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Asset Teams
Reservoir Engineering
Production Engineering
Gas and Chemical
Engineering
Environmental & Legal Aspects
Economics & Management
Research & Service Labs
Production Operations
Drilling
Design and Construction Engineering
Geology & Geophysics
Reservoir Management
Petrophysicist
Geophysicist
Production EngineerGeologist
Reservoir Engineer
Shifting Responsibilities
Asset Manager
Drilling Engineer
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Principal Tasks of a Reservoir Engineer
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Principal Tasks of a Reservoir Engineer
Estimate hydrocarbons in place
Estimate recovery efficiency
• OOIP – Original Oil in Place
• STOOIP – Stock Tank Oil Originally in Place
• OGIP – Original Gas in Place
•
• Sweep Efficiency
• Reservoir engineer imagines that the originalreservoir fluids are being displaced toward thewell by some other fluid
• Engineer calculates how much of the reservoirarea or volume is swept by the invading fluid,based on what he knows about the fluids
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Principal Tasks of a Reservoir Engineer
Estimate hydrocarbons in place
Estimate recovery efficiency
• OOIP – Original Oil in Place
• STOOIP – Stock Tank Oil Originally in Place
• OGIP – Original Gas in Place
•
• Sweep Efficiency
• Drive Mechanisms
• Reserves vs. Resources
• Volumes based on conservativeestimates of reservoir rock andfluid properties
• Appear to exceed the company’scurrent minimum economicrequirements
•
Principal Tasks of a Reservoir Engineer
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3
Estimate hydrocarbons in place
Estimate recovery efficiency
Create a strategy to recover hydrocarbons as fast and as cheaply as possible
• Depletion Plan
• Reserves & Resources
• Reserves vs. Cumulative Production
• OOIP – Original Oil in Place
• STOOIP – Stock Tank Oil Originally in Place
• OGIP – Original Gas in Place
•
• Sweep Efficiency
• Drive Mechanisms
• Reserves vs. Resources
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Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
• Formation Volume Factor
• Gross Volumes
• Porosity
• Heterogeneity– Dykstra-Parsons Coefficient
– Lorenz Coefficient
– Correlation Length
• Saturation
• Capillary Pressure
Volumetrics
Rock Fluids
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Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
• Oil, Gas and Water
• Track Production, Injection
• Track Reservoir Pressure
• Rock, Fluid Properties
• Forward or Backward
Material Balance pi/zi
G = 48 Bscf
p/z
, p
sia
(kP
a)
Gp (Bscf)
(41369)
(34474)
(27579)
(20684)
(13790)
(6895)
Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
Oil Reservoir Drive
Mechanisms
Oil Reservoir Drive
Mechanisms
Solution Gas Drive
Solution Gas Drive
Gravity DriveGravity Drive
Water DriveWater DriveGas‐Cap Drive
Gas‐Cap Drive
Combination Drive
Combination Drive
Gas Reservoir Drive
Mechanisms
Gas Reservoir Drive
Mechanisms
Depletion Drive
Depletion Drive
Water DriveWater Drive
• Oil, Gas and Water
• Track Production, Injection
• Track Reservoir Pressure
• Rock, Fluid Properties
• Forward or Backward
• Drive Mechanisms
– Oil expansion
– Gas expansion
– Water expansion
– Rock contraction
Material Balance
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Darcy’s Law
Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
• Viscosity
• Permeability
• Formation VolumeFactor
• Pressure Difference
• Geometry– Linear
– Radial
– Spherical
Pressure TransientAnalysis
• Change rate, measurepressure
– Reservoir Pressure
– Rock Permeability
– Well Skin
• Stimulation vs.
Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
Damage
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Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
• Pressure vs. rate
• Test vs. production
• MathematicalTransforms
Rate TransientAnalysis
Decline Curve Analysis
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Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
Reservoir Simulation
• Gridcells
• Timesteps
• Pressures
• Repeat
Reservoir Surveillance
Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
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Fundamental Challenges
Fundamental Challenges
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Fundamental Challenges
The equivalent in the oil industry is to run a production log
Although this is substantially cheaper than running 3D seismic, there is always the risk that logging will damage the well
Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
Volumetrics
Material Balance
Darcy’s Law
Pressure Transient Analysis
Rate Transient Analysis
Decline Curve Analysis
Reservoir Simulation
Reservoir Surveillance
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Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer
Reservoir Management• Start Early
• Discovery
• Delineation
• Development
• Primary vs. Secondary vs. Tertiary
• Abandonment
Discovery
Delineation
Development
PrimarySecondary
Tertiary
Abandonment
Exploration
Basin
Play
Prospect
Summary
Reservoir Engineering Tasks
• Estimate hydrocarbons in place
• Estimate recovery efficiency
• Create a strategy to recover hydrocarbons as fast and as cheaply as possible
Reservoir Engineering Tools
• Volumetrics
• Material Balance
• Darcy’s Law
• Pressure Transient Analysis
• Rate Transient Analysis
• Decline Curve Analysis
• Reservoir Simulation
• Reservoir Surveillance
• Reservoir Management
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Course Module Listing
Course Modules
Learn how properties change with pressure, temperature
and rock type
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Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Learn about Darcy’s Law and how it is applied
Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Reservoir Flow PropertiesLearn about volumetrics, drive mechanisms and
materials balance techniques
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Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Reservoir Flow Properties
Reservoir Material Balance
Learn about tools based on statistics
Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Reservoir Flow Properties
Reservoir Material Balance
Decline Curve Analysis & Other Empirical Methods
Learn about the calculation of reserves
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Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Reservoir Flow Properties
Reservoir Material Balance
Decline Curve Analysis & Other Empirical Methods
Reserves & Resources
Learn about pressure and rate transient analysis
Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Reservoir Flow Properties
Reservoir Material Balance
Decline Curve Analysis & Other Empirical Methods
Reserves & Resources
Pressure Transient Analysis
Rate Transient Analysis
Learn about secondary and tertiary recovery
Applies to primary recovery, when the dominant drive mechanism is
water drive or gas cap drive
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Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Reservoir Flow Properties
Reservoir Material Balance
Decline Curve Analysis & Other Empirical Methods
Reserves & Resources
Pressure Transient Analysis
Rate Transient Analysis
Reservoir Fluid Displacement
Enhanced Oil Recovery Learn about reservoir simulation for modeling the behavior of the reservoir
Course Modules
Reservoir Rock Properties
Reservoir Fluid Properties
Reservoir Flow Properties
Reservoir Material Balance
Decline Curve Analysis & Other Empirical Methods
Reserves & Resources
Pressure Transient Analysis
Rate Transient Analysis
Reservoir Fluid Displacement
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Reservoir Simulation Requires a working knowledge of all the other topics making up this course
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Learning Objectives
Describe what reservoir engineers do, and why they do it
Describe the general layout and structure of this course
PetroAcademyTM Applied Reservoir Engineering Skill Modules
This is Reservoir Engineering Core
Reservoir Rock Properties Core
Reservoir Rock Properties Fundamentals
Reservoir Fluid Core
Reservoir Fluid Fundamentals
Reservoir Flow Properties Core
Reservoir Flow Properties Fundamentals
Reservoir Fluid Displacement Core
Reservoir Fluid Displacement Fundamentals
Properties Analysis Management
Reservoir Material Balance Core
Reservoir Material Balance Fundamentals
Decline Curve Analysis and Empirical Approaches Core
Decline Curve Analysis and Empirical Approaches Fundamentals
Pressure Transient Analysis Core
Rate Transient Analysis Core
Enhanced Oil Recovery Core
Enhanced Oil Recovery Fundamentals
Reservoir Simulation Core
Reserves and Resources Core
Reservoir Surveillance Core
Reservoir Surveillance Fundamentals
Reservoir Management Core
Reservoir Management Fundamentals
This is Reservoir Engineering Core
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