This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Loerakker S, Huisman ES,...

This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Loerakker S, Huisman ES, Seelen HA, Glatz JF, Baaijens FP, Oomens CW, Bader DL. Plasma variations of biomarkers for muscle damage in male nondisabled and spinal cord injured subjects. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(3):361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.06.0100

Slideshow ProjectDOI:10.1682/JRRD.2011.06.0100JSP

Plasma variation of biomarkers for muscle damage in male nondisabled and

spinal cord injured subjects Sandra Loerakker, MSc; Elise S. Huisman, MSc; Henk A. M. Seelen, PhD; Jan F. C. Glatz, PhD;

Frank P. T. Baaijens, PhD; Cees W. J. Oomens, PhD; Dan L. Bader, PhD



• Aim– Investigate circulatory levels of biomarkers for muscle

damage. • Explore possibility of using them to detect deep pressure

ulcers.

• Relevance– Deep pressure ulcers are major problem for people

with spinal cord injury (SCI)• Initial damage often hidden underneath intact skin.

– Early detection is difficult and treatment is problematic.



Methods

• In small groups of nondisabled subjects and subjects with SCI, we measured 5-day baseline concentrations of: – Creatine kinase.– Myoglobin (Mb).– Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP).– C-reactive protein (CRP).



Results• Each subject had unique marker concentration

profile.• Mb and H-FABP were correlated for both subject

groups. – No significant differences in marker concentrations

between groups, although trend toward higher CRP was observed in SCI subjects.

• One SCI subject with category II pressure ulcer had higher H-FABP and CRP concentrations than all other subjects.



Conclusions

• Variations in each marker concentration were smaller than predicted increases after pressure ulcers.– Therefore, this combination of plasma markers

may prove appropriate for early detection of deep pressure ulcers.

This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Loerakker S, Huisman ES,...

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