THIRD CONFERENCE

ON

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

of the

AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY

JUNE 28-30, 1978DAVIS, CALIFORNIA

UNIVERSITATS8IBLIOTHEKHANNOVER

TKCHNISCHE

INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK

Cover: Polarizing radiometer of the University of California, Davis,as it was mounted for measuring the reflection properties of

the snow surface at the Amundson-Scott Station, South Pole,

Antarctica, during the 1976-77 austral summer.

Copyright © 1978, American Meteorological Society. This copyright notice appliesto only the overall collection of papers; authors retain their individual rights and

should be contacted directly for permission to use their material separately.Contact AMS for permission pertaining to the overall collection.

The manuscripts reproduced in this collection of preprints are unrefereed

papers presented at Third Conference on Atmospheric Radiation; their appearance

in this collection does not constitute formal publication.

AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY

45 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02108

U.S.A. TIB/UB Hannover129 979 031

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD i

AUTHOR INDEX xiv

PLENARY SESSION

METHODS AND RESULTS IN THE RETRIEVAL OF TEMPERATURE PROFILES **

FROM SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS. W. L. Smith, National Environmental

Satellite Service/NOAA, Madison, Wis. (Survey Paper)

SESSIQN 1: RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN REALISTIC ATMOSPHERES

CHAIRPERSON: Dr. Cynthia K. Whitney, Charles Stark Draper Lab., Cambridge, Mass.

SESSION 1A

ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON HIGH ENERGY LASER BEAMS. Charles B. Hogge, 1

Air Force Weapons Tab„, Kirtland AFB, N. Mex.

EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX AND PARTICLE 6

SIZE DISTRIBUTION VARIATIONS ON ATMOSPHERIC EXTINCTION AND ABSORPTION

FOR VISIBLE THROUGH MIDDLE-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS. S. G. Jennings and

R. G. Pinnick, Atmospheric Sciences Lab., White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex.

ABSORPTION OF SOLAR RADIATION IN CLOUDS-THE EFFECT OF MONOMODAL 10

AND BIMODAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS. Ronald M. Welch and Stephen K. Cox,Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo.

MULTIPLE SCATTERING CORRECTIONS TO THE SOLAR AUREOLE. Michael A. Box 12

and Adarsh Deepak, Institute for Atmospheric Optics and Remote Sensing, Hampton,Va.

THE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON VISIBILITY, VISUAL RANGE, AND 14

ATMOSPHERIC COLORATION. Robert W. Bergstrom and Douglas A. Latimer,Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, Calif.

CONTINUOUS FRACTIONS VS. SERIES FOR MIE SCATTERING CALCULATIONS. 16Thomas Y. Palmer, Southwest Environmental Technology Labs., Fallbrook; and

James A. Watrous, Univ. of California, Riverside, Calif.

SESSION IB

SCATTERING BY NON-SPHERICAL PARTICLES OF SIZE COMPARABLE TO A 20WAVELENGTH: A NEW SEMI-EMPIRICAL THEORY. James B. Pollack and

Jeffrey N. Cuzzi, Ames Research Center/NASA, Moffett Field, Calif.

A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR SOLAR RADIATION TRANSFER IN A CUBIC-CLOUD. 24

S„ K. S. Varma, Systems and Applied Sciences Corp., Riverdale, Md.

VISIBLE FLUX VARIATIONS ACROSS FINITE CLOUDS. Frederick R. Mosher, Univ. 28

of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.

**Manuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

ii

Page

COMPUTATIONS OF RADIATIVE FLUXES IN CLOUDS: APPLICATION TO CLOUD 32MODELLING. Y. Fouquart, Univ. des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, Lille,France; C. Fravalo, Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; R. Rosset,Univ. de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and J. J. Morcrette,Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ont., Canada.

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND 36HUMIDITY ALOFT ON THE NOCTURNAL MINIMUM TEMPERATURE. S. P. Nelson,R. L. Gall, and B. M. Herman, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.

LONGWAVE RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN THE ATMOSPHERE. S. K. Gupta and 40S„ N. Tiwari, Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk; and J. T. Suttles, Langley ResearchCenter/NASA, Hampton, Va.

SESSION 1C

COMPARISON OF THE TWO-FLUX TECHNIQUE WITH AN EXACT TECHNIQUE FOR 44COMPUTING ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION IN AN ABSORBING, EMITTING, AND

SCATTERING MEDIUM. Robert W. Bergstrom, Systems Applications, Inc., SanRafael and Ames Research Center/NASA, Moffett Field, Calif.

COMPARISON OF NUMERICAL MODELS AND OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR RADIATION 46

AT NASHVILLE. Marshall A. Atwater, The Center for the Environment and Man,Inc, Hartford, Conn.

PARAMETERIZATION OF REFLECTION, ABSORPTION AND TRANSMISSION OF 48

SOLAR RADIATION BY CLOUD LAYERS. Kuo-Nan Liou and Gerard D. Wittman,Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

EFFECTS OF REFLECTION BY NATURAL SURFACES ON RADIATION EMERGING 53

FROM A PLANETARY ATMOSPHERE. Bruce W. Fitch, Univ. of California, Davis,Calif.

EFFECTS OF A MORE REALISTIC AEROSOL MODEL ON RADIATIVE TRANSFER **

CALCULATIONS. M. A. Seagraves and R. B. Gomez, Atmospheric Sciences Lab.,White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex.

RETRIEVAL OF VERTICAL AEROSOL AND OZONE EXTINCTION PROFILES FROM 56

SIMULATED MULTISPECTRAL LIMB EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS. Daniel H.

Phillips, Thomas R. Hess, Kevin J. Weise, and Benjamin M. Herman, Univ. of

Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.

STUDY OF LIMB TRANSMISSION AND EMISSION MODELLING FOR STRATOSPHERIC 60

MINOR CONSTITUENT MEASUREMENT. R. K. Tallamraju, NCAR, Boulder, Colo.;and S. R. Drayson, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC OZONE VARIABILITY ON THE ACCURACY OF *

OF TEMPERATURE PROFILES INFERRED FROM REMOTE 13-15 jam MEASUREMENTS.

R. L. Weichel, Lawrence Livermore Lab., Livermore, Calif.

THE EFFECT OF SURFACE ANISTROPY ON THE ACCURACY OF TOTAL OZONE 63

ESTIMATES FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS. Robert S. Fraser, Goddard SpaceFlight Center/NASA, Greenbelt; and Ziauddin Ahmad, Systems and Applied Sciences

Corp., Riverdale, Md.

^Manuscript not available.

**Manuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

iii

Page

SESSION ID

INFRARED RADIATIVE SCATTERING FROM NONISOTHERMAL CIRRUS CLOUDS 67

WITH APPLICATION TO REMOTE SENSING. Allen C. Cogley, Univ. of Illinois,

Chicago, 111.

REMOTE SOUNDING OF THE TEMPERATURE PROFILE AND CLOUD THICKNESS 70

IN CIRRUS CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES. Hwa-Young Yeh and Kuo-Nan Liou, Univ. of

Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL CLOUD CONTAMINATION FROM RADIANCE FIELDS. 74

Henry Fleming and Michael Hill, National Environmental Satellite Service/NOAA,Washington, D. C.

A GENERAL SOLUTION TO THE CLEAR RADIANCE PROBLEM. Larry M. 77

McMillin, National Environmental Satellite Service/NOAA, Washington, D. C.

AN ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZING THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF RADIATION 79

FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING. B. R.

Barkstrom and D. M. Stephenson, George Washington Univ. and Langley Research

Center/NASA, Hampton, Va.

WIND SPEED AND AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS ESTIMATES FROM AIRCRAFT 82

OBSERVATIONS OF SEA GLITTER. Ziauddin Ahmad, Systems and Applied Sciences

Corp., Riverdale; and R. S. Fraser and R. J. Curran, Goddard Space Flight

Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.

SESSION 2: INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS

CHAIRPERSON: Dr. Kirby J. Hanson, Environmental Research Labs. /NOAA,Boulder, Colo.

SESSION 2A

POLARIZING RADIOMETER CALIBRATION. Robert Walraven, Univ. of California, 84

Davis, Calif.

WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS FOR THE TIROS-N HIRS/2 SOUNDER. A. Arking. Goddard **

Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.; D. Chesters, Computer Sciences Corp.,Silver Spring, Md.; and M. D. Chow, SAI Comsystems Corp., McLean, Va.

EFFECTS OF CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION ON NIMBUS VI SCAMS CHANNELS. 86

Kuo-Nan Liou, Allan Duff, and Grant Aufderhaar, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City,Utah.

SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENTS FROM NIMBUS 6. John R. Hickey, The Eppley 91

Lab., Inc., Newport, R. I.

ANGULAR SCATTERING OF POLARIZED LASER LIGHT BY WATER DROPLET AND 95

ICE CRYSTAL CLOUDS. Kenneth Sassen and Kuo-Nan Liou, Univ. of Utah, Salt

Lake City, Utah.

SESSION 2B

INFRARED MEASUREMENT OVER CIRRUS CLOUDS IN THE (5. 7-7.1 ^m) AND 100

(10.5-12.5 um) REGIONS. Gerard Szejwach, Lab. de Meteorologie Dynamique du

CNRS, Palaiseau, France.

**Manuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

IV

Page

CLASSIFICATION OF CLOUDS FOR THE NIMBUS SATELLITE ERB EXPERIMENT 103USING THIR DATA. L. L. Stowe, M. Chen, H. Jacobowitz, and I. Ruff,National Environmental Satellite Service/NOAA, Washington, D.C.

A CLOUD PHYSICS RADIOMETER. H. Lee Kyle, Robert J. Curran, and William 107L. Barnes, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt; and David Escoe,Computer Sciences Corp., Silver Spring, Md. I

INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN WIND SHEAR 110DETECTION. P. M. Kuhn, F. Caracena, and I. G. Nolt, AtmosphericPhysics and Chemistry Lab. /NOAA, Boulder, Colo.; and J. V. Radostitz, Univ. of

Oregon, Eugene, Oreg.

REMOTE SENSING OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER OVER THE OCEANS. C. Prabhakara 113and G. Dalu, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt; and N. R. Nath and

R. Lo, Computer Sciences Corp., Silver Spring, Md.

SESSION 2C

OPTIMUM INTERPOLATION- OF RADIOSONDE AND SATELLITE-DERIVED 117

TEMPERATURE FIELDS. Young Paul Yee, Atmospheric Sciences Lab., White

Sands Missile Range, N. Mex.; and Thomas H. Vonder Haar, Colorado State Univ.,Ft. Collins, Colo.

A STRUCTURE FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF MESOSCALE SATELLITE INFRARED 120

SOUNDINGS. D. W. Hillger and T. H. Vonder Haar, Colorado State Univ.,Ft. Collins, Colo.

A STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING RAINFALL OVER LAND 126

EMPLOYING NTMBUS-6 ESMR MEASUREMENTS. E. Rodgers, A. T. C. Chang,and T„ Wilheit, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt; and H.

Siddalingaiah, Computer Sciences Corp., Silver Spring, Md.

DIFFERENTIAL INSOLATION AND TURBIDITY MEASUREMENTS. N. S. Laulainen, 130E. W. Kleckner, and J. J. MichalsKy, Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, Wash.

AN AUTOMATED MULTIWAVELENGTH SUNPHOTOMETER TO CHARACTERIZE 134

TRANSIENT AEROSOL AND WATER VAPOR EVENTS. P. B. Russell, E. J.

Scribner, and E. E. Uthe, SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.

DETERMINATION OF AEROSOL CHARACTERISTICS BY PHOTOGRAPHIC SOLAR 138

AUREOLE MEASUREMENTS. A. Deepak, G. P. Box, and M. A. Box, Institute for

Atmospheric Optics and Remote Sensing; and R. R. Adams, Langley Research

Center/NASA, Hampton, Va.

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A LINEAR RELATION BETWEEN IR EXTINC- 140

TION AND LIQUID WATER CONTENT OF FOGS. R. G. Pinnick and S. G. Jennings,Atmospheric Sciences Lab., White Sands Missile Range, N. Mex.; and Petr Chylek,Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. and Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, Ind.

SESSION 2D

ATMOSPHERIC TURBIDITY DETERMINATIONS BY SKYLIGHT MEASUREMENTS AT 144

THE MAUNA LOA OBSERVATORY. Kinsell L. Coulson, Univ. of California,Davis, Calif.

DESCRIPTION OF A SPECTRAL ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MONITORING NETWORK. 148

Mario Martin and Paul Berdahl, Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, Calif.

v

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MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF SHORTWAVE RADIATION ON INCLINED 150

SURFACES. John E. Hay, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.

TH^ RELATIVE INFORMATION CONTENT OF WIDE, MEDIUM, AND NARROW **

ANGLE MEASUREMENTS OF EARTH RADIATION ENERGY PARAMETERS FROM

SATELLITE ALTITUDES. A. Arking, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA,Greenbelt, Md.

A MAN INTERACTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR SPECIFYING CLOUD HEIGHTS FROM 154

SOUNDING RADIANCE DATA. W. P. Menzel, Space Science and EngineeringCenter; and W. L. Smith and H. M. Woolf, National Environmental Satellite

Service/NOAA, Madison, Wis.

SESSION 3: RADIATIVE ENERGY BUDGETS

CHAIRPERSON: Julius London, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, Colo.

SESSION 3A

EARTH-ATMOSPHERE RADIATIVE HEATING BASED ON NOAA SCANNING 158

RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS: REVIEW OF A FOUR YEAR RECORD. Jay S.

Winston, National Environmental Satellite Service/NOAA, Washington, D. C.

ON THE DETERMINATION OF SYNOPTIC SCALE RADIATIVE FLUXES FROM 162

ERB NARROW ANGLE DIRECTIONAL OBSERVATIONS. H. Jacobowitz, I. Ruff,L. L. Stowe, and M. Chen, National Environmental Satellite Service/NOAA,Washington, D. C.

THE FIRST EIGHTEEN MONTHS OF PLANETARY RADIATION BUDGET MEASURE- 164

MENTS FROM THE NIMBUS-6 ERB EXPERIMENT. H. Jacobowitz, W. L. Smith,H. B. Howell, and F. W. Nagle, National Environmental Satellite Service/NOAA,Washingtor, D. C.; and J. R. Hickey, The Eppley Lab., Inc., Newport, R.I.

THE EFFECT OF MEASURED ANGULAR VARIABILITY OF REFLECTED AND 167

EMITTED RADIANCE ON WFOV EARTH RADIATION BUDGET MEASUREMENTS.C. G. Campbell and T. H, Vonder Haar, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo.

LARGE AREA REPRESENTATIONS OF RADIATIVE DIVERGENCE FROM GATE. 170

Stephen K. Cox and Keith T. Griffith, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo.

INITIAL ESTIMATES OF GATE ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION BUDGETS WITH 174

ATMOSPHERIC HEATING CONSIDERATIONS. David C. Loranger, Eric A. Smith,and Thomas H. Vonder Haar, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo.

SESSION 3B

ACCURATE CALCULATIONS OF FLUXES AND COOLING RATES USING EMISSIV- 179

HIES. James A. Coakley, Jr., and Bruce P. Briegleb, NCAR, Boulder, Colo.

THE INFRARED COOLING RATE OF THE ATMOSPHERE. H. L. Kuo, Univ. of 182

Chicago, Chicago, 111.

NUMERICAL RADIATION COOLING RATES USING VARIOUS RAWINSONDE DEN- 185

SITIES DURING IFYGL. Marshall A. Atwater and John T. Ball, The Center for the

Environment and Man, Inc., Hartford, Conn.

**Manuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

VI

SOLAR RADIATION REACHING THE GROUND DETERMINED FROM METEORO¬LOGICAL SATELLITE DATA. James S. Ellis, Lawrence Livermore Lab.,Livermore, Calif.; and Tho nas H, Vonder Haar, Colorado State Univ.,Ft. Collins, Colo.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE IMPACT OF REFLECTION ON IRRADIATIONIN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN

.

I. Dirmhirn, T. Diniz, W. A. Peterson, audB. A. LeBaron, Utah State Univ., Logan, Utah.

SESSION 3C

ALBEDO CLIMATOLOGY ANALYSIS AND THE DETERMINATION OF FRACTIONA-

CLOUD COVER. Robert J. Curran and Raymond Wexler, Goddard Space Flight

Center/NASA, Greenbelt; and Myron L. Nack, Computer Sciences Corp., Silver

Spring, Md.

ON THE EFFECTS OF CUMULUS DIMENSIONS ON ^(MGWAVE ERRADIANCE A7 D

HEATING RATE CALCULATIONS. Robert G. Ellings <r. and Edward Kolczynski.Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.

SOLAR ABSORPTION IN CLOUDS OF FINITE HORII "• TAL EXTENT. John M,

Davis, Stephen K. Cox, and Thomas B. McKee, Ci ado State Univ., Ft.

Collins, Colo.

THE INCLUSION OF FINITE CLOUD RADIATIVE PR >"'ERTIES IN SPACE AND

TIME AVERAGED RADIATIVE BUDGETS. John Mf'

* is, Stephen K. Cox, and

Thoma*, McKee, Colorado State Univ., Ft. CoU. Colo.

THE SPATIAL VARIATION IN THE VISIBLE RADIA1- : US FROM CLOUDS OF

FINITE HORIZONTAL EXTENT. Roger Davies, Univ. cf Wisconsin, Madison. Wis.

SOLAR RADIATION TRANSFER IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL CLOUD LAYERS: Yx,APPROXIMATION. S. K. S. Vanua, Systems and Appied Sciences Corp.,Riverdale, Md.

SESSION 3D

CIRRUS CLOUDS AND SOLAR HEATING OF THE TROPOSPHERE. Kenneth P,

Freeman, Air Force Global Weather Central, Offutt AFB, Nebr.

SIMULATED RADIANCE PATTERNS FOR MIE ABSORBING FINITE CLOUDS,

John T, Klehr and Thomas B. McKee, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins. Colo,

TRANSFORMATION OF SURFACE ALBEDO TO SURFACE-ATMOSPHERE ALBEDO

AND IRRADIANCE, AND THEIR SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL AVERAGES.

Myron L. Nack, Computer Sciences Corp., Silver Spring; and Robert J, Curra:..

Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.

SESSION 4: RADIATIVE PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERE AND SURFACES

CHAIRPERSON: Robert J. Curran, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt

\**Mants.- ipt not available; if received in time, it will appear in back-of book,

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SESSION 4A

REMOTE SENSING OF AEROSOLS IN THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE: IMPLICATIONS 217

FOR TERRESTRIAL STUDIES. James B. Pollack and David Colburn, Ames Research

Center/NASA, Moffett Field, Calif.

TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS FOR VERY LONG PATHS OF CARBON DIOXIDE **

AND WATER VAPOR: APPLICATION TO REMOTE TEMPERATURE SOUNDING

OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS. D. J. McCleese, F. W. Taylor, J. V.

Martonchik, P. B. Forney, and M. H. Hanner, Jet Propulsion Lab., California

Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.

ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION SPECTRA NEAR 2200 CM"1 AND 2400 CM"1. 219

J. Susskind and T.'

Mo, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.

RADIANCE VARIATIONS FROM ATMOSPHERIC AND SURFACE INHOMOGENEITIES. *

P. A. Davis, .SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.

EARTH INFRARED RADIATIVE TRANSFER RADIANCES FOR SUN-SYNCHRONOUS 223

AND GEOSYNCHRONOUS METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES. H. S. Chen, Santa

Barbara Research Center, Goleta, Calif.

SESSION 4B

IN-SITU SPECTROPHONE MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL ABSORPTION. C. W. 227

Bruce, R. J. Brewer, Y. Yee, and D. Bruce, Atmospheric Sciences Lab.f

White Sands Missile Range, N.Mex.

EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY VARIATIONS ON ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL OPTICAL 231

PROPERTIES. Eric P. Shettle, Air Force Geophysics Lab., Hanscom AFB, Mass.

VARIABILITY IN THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL LOADING ASSOCIATED WITH 235

THE 1974 ERUPTION OF VOLCAN DE FUEGO. Frederick G. Fernald, Univ.

of Denver Denver, Colo.

OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE SOLAR AUREOLE. Frederic E. 238

Volz, Air Force Geophysics Lab., Hanscom AFB, Mass.

RADIATION BUDGET FOR A TROPICAL DRY EVERGREEN FOREST IN 380**

THAILAND. Rachel T. Pinker and Owen E. Thompson, Univ. of Maryland,College Park, Md.

SESSION 4C

SOME RESULTS OF THE UA-ARE PROGRAM. J. A. Reagan and B. M. Herman, 241

Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.; D. M, Byrne, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, W.

Palm Beach, Fla.; and M. D. King, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA,Greenbelt, Md.

NONSPHERICAL ABSORPTION EFFICIENCIES AND SCATTERING INTENSITIES 244

CALCULATED FROM RESONANCE SUPPRESSION THEORY. Ronald M. Welch and

Stephen K. Cox, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo.

LIGHT SCATTERING BY ALMOST SPHERICAL PARTICLES. Petr Chylek and 247

J. T. Kiehl, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass,, and NCAR, Boulder, Colo.;

and M. W. Ko, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass.

'Manuscript not available.

**Manuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

viii

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CLOUD MEASUREMENTS FROM SATELLITES AND AIRCRAFT. James T. Bunting, 251

Air Force Geophysics Lab., Hanscom AFB, Mass.

LIGHT SCATTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AGING POWER PLANT PLUME. 257

C. A. Norberg, R. B. Husar, and D. E. Patterson, Washington Univ., St.

Louis, Mo.

THE REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SNOW-COVERED SURFACES. E. S. *

Batten, Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.

REFLECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FORMATIONS. C. R. Nagaraja Rao, **

Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg.

PASSIVE MICROWAVE SIGNATURES OF WEATHER-ALTERED SURFACES. M. G. **

Fowler, H. K. Burke, S. L. Tung, and N. K. Tripp, Environmental Research &

Technology, Inc., Concord, Mass.

SESSION 4D

REMOTE SENSING OF THE OZONE PROFILE IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE 263

USING UV AND IR MEASUREMENTS FROM NIMBUS-4. C. Prabhakara and

S. Chandra, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.

SEASONAL VARIATION IN THE UPPER-STRATOSPHERIC OZONE. Richard D. 266

McPeters, Systems and Applied Sciences Corp., Riverdale, Md.

GLOBAL VARIABILITY OF TOTAL OZONE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE *

MULTIFILTER RADIOMETER ONBOARD THE NEW SERIES OF DMSP-5D

SATELLITES-1, OVERVIEW. J. E. Lovill, T. J. Sullivan, R. L. Weichel,J. Korver, J. Huebel, J. S. Ellis, P. P. Weidhaas, and F. A. Phelps,Lawrence Livermore Lab., Livermore, Calif„

GLOBAL VARIABILITY OF TOTAL OZONE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE *

MULTIFILTER RADIOMETER ONBOARD THE NEW SERIES OF DMSP-5D

SATELLITES-2, STATISTICAL DISCUSSIONS. J. Huebel, J. E. Lovill, T. J.

Sullivan, R. L. Weichel, P. P. Weidhaas, J. Korver, J. S. Ellis, and

F. A. Phelps, Lawrence Livermore Lab., Livermore, Calif.

GROUND BASED REMOTE SENSING OF UV-ABSORBING TRACE SPECIES IN THE 269

TROPOSPHERE: VERTICAL PROFILE EFFECTS. K. F. Klenk, Systems and

Applied Sciences Corp., Riverdale, Md.

SESSION 5: RADIATIVE INTERACTIONS IN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

CHAIRPERSON: William R. Bandeen, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA,Greenbelt, Md.

SESSION 5A

INFLUENCE OF CLOUD AND CLOUD-FREE RADIATIONAL DIFFERENCES ON 272

TROPICAL DISTURBANCE MAINTENANCE AND DIURNAL MODULATION. William

M. Gray and John L. McBride, Colorado State Univ.. Ft. Collins, Colo.

Manuscript not available.

**Manuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

IX

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THE EFFECT OF CLOUD "'YPE ON THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATIVE **

HEATING. R. J. Becker, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.

THE SENSITIVITY OF ENSEMBLE CUMULUS CHARACTERISTICS TO CHANGES IN 276

THE BULK RADIATIVE HEATING RATE. Robert G. Ellingson and George Serafino,Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.

ON THE INTERACTION OF TURBULENT AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN 279

THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER. Dieter H. Etling, Technical Univ. Darmstadt,

Darmstadt, W. Germany.

SOME COMMENTS ON RADIATIVE FLUX DIVERGENCE, HEATING RATES, AND'

281

CLOUD DROPLET POPULATION DYNAMICS. Bruce R. Barkstrom, George

Washington Univ. and Langley Research Center/NASA, Hampton, Va.

SENSITIVITY OF A GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL TO A CHANGE IN SHORT 284

WAVE RADIATION CODE. M. D. Schwarzkopf and R. T. Wetherald, GeophysicalFluid Dynamics Lab./NOAA, Princeton Univ., Princeton, N.J.

SESSION 5B

STRATOSPHERIC EFFECTS OF DOUBLED CO, CONCENTRATION IN A GENERAL 287

CIRCULATION MODEL. S. B. Fels and M. D. Schwarzkopf, Geophysical Fluid

Dynamics Lab./NOAA, Princeton Univ., Princeton, N.J.

RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE CALCULATIONS OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGES 289

CAUSED BY CHANGES IN STRATOSPHERIC OZONE. James A. Coakley, Jr.,NCAR, Boulder, Colo.

INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMATIC RADIATION DIFFERENCES ON THE DYNAMICS OF 293

A MODEL ATMOSPHERE. Man-Li C. Wu and Ramesh Godbole, Goddard SpaceFlight Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.; and Lewis D. Kaplan, Univ. of Chicago,Chicago, 111.

AN INFRARED RADIATION ROUTINE FOR USE IN NUMERICAL ATMOSPHERIC 303

MODELS. Ming-Dah Chow, SAI Comsystems Corp., McLean, Va.; and Albert

Arking, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.

AN ACCURATE, FAST, ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING STRATOSPHERIC C02 306

15 ^m COOLING RATES IN GCM'S. Stephen B. Fels, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

Lab/NOAA, Princeton Univ., Princeton, N. J.

SESSION 6: RADIATIVE EFFECTS EST CLIMATE

CHAIRPERSON: Prof. Larry Gates, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oreg.

SESSION 6A

EFFECT OF TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS UPON ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED 308

COOLING RATES. Harshvardhan, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt,Md.; and Robert D. Cess, State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, N.Y.

EFFECT OF STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS ON CLIMATE. Owen B. Toon and 312

James B. Pollack, Ames Research Center/NASA, Moffett Field, Calif.

'-•HUouuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

x

Page

POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SOLAR UV VARIATIONS ON OZONE AND CLIMATE. 313

James B. Pollack, William -Borucki, and Owen B. Toon, Ames Research

Center/NASA, Moffett Field, Calif.

SESSION 6B

VARIATIONS EST THE SOLAR CONSTANT MEASUREMENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN 315

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY, 1923-1954. Douglas V. Hoyt, Environmental

Research Labs. /NOAA, Boulder, Colo.

THE PALEOLUMINOSrTY PARADOX-HOW MUCH OF IT CAN BE EXPLAINED 318

BY A SHIFT IN THE SOLAR SPECTRUM? Warren J. Wiscombe, NCAR,Boulder, Colo.

URBAN-RURAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS AT ST. LOUIS. James T. 319

Peterson, Air Resources Labs. /NOAA; and Thomas L. Stoffel, Univ. of Colorado,Boulder, Colo.

GLOBAL AND ACTINOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS WITHIN THE ST. LOUIS URBAN'

322

ENVIRONMENT. John M. White, Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo.

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION IN BARCELONA. 326

J. I. Jimenez, J. E. Llebot, and J. Casas-Vazquez, Univ. Autonoma de

Barcelona; and C. Romeu-Nedwed, Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Barcelona,Spain.

SECULAR TRENDS IN CLEAR SKY TRANSMISSIONS AT MAUNA LOA OBSERVA- 330

TORY-PERTURBATIONS IN STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS. Bernard G. Mendonca,Kirby J. Hanson, and John J. DeLuisi, Environmental Research Labs./NOAA,Boulder, Colo.

SESSION 6C

DEVELOPMENT OF A RADIATION MODEL WITH INTERACTIVE WATER VAPOR 333

TRANSPORT AND CLOUD DEVELOPMENT. John R. Hummel, William R. Kuhn,and David R„ Kraemer, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

THE EFFECT OF GROUND HYDROLOGY ON CLIMATE SENSITIVITY TO SOLAR 335

CONSTANT VARIATIONS. Shu-Hsien Chow, Computer Sciences Corp., Silver

Spring; and Robert J. Curran, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt, Md.

RESPONSE OF A RADIATIVE-CONVECT3VE TEMPERATURE PROFILE TO 339

VARIATIONS IN MODEL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS: UNCERTAINTY IN THE

CALCULATED TEMPERATURE FROM INPUT DATA ERROR. Ruth A. Reck,

General Motors Research Labs., Warren, Mich.

A TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING NET RADIATION OVER SNOW IN UNFORESTED *

ENVIRONMENTS OF A MIDLATITUDE, SUBARCTIC, AND ARCTIC SITE. D. E.

Petzold, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.; and R, G. Wilson, Ministry of

the Environment, Government of British Columbia, Victoria, B. C., Canada.

INFRARED CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME WORLDWIDE AEROSOL FRACTIONS. 341

Frederic E. Volz, Air Force Geophysics Lab., Hanscom AFB, Mass.

*Manuscript not available.

xi

Page

SESSION 7: EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE SYSTEM STUDIES

CHAIRPERSON: Prof. Thomas H. Vonder Haar, Colorado State Univ. Ft. Collins,Colo.

SESSION 7A

THE EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW. 345

Charles V. Woerner, Langley Research Center/NASA, Hampton, Va.

HISTORICAL REVIEW OF EARTH RADIATION BUDGET STUDIES AND THE **

SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE LEADING TO ERBSS. R. J. Curran and H. L. Kyle,Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, Greenbelt; and M. L. Nack and S. H.

Chow, Computer Sciences Corp., Silver Spring, Md.

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION FOR EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE 349

SYSTEM. John E. Cooper and Charles V. Woerner, Langley Research Center/NASA, Hampton, Va.

SAMPLING ANALYSIS FOR THE EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE 353

SYSTEM MISSION BASED ON ORBITAL COVERAGE AND CLOUD VARIABILITY.

Edwin F. Harrison, Langley Research Center/NASA; and Gary G. Gibson and

Patrick Minnis, Vought Corp., Hampton, Va.

THERMAL MODEL OF A FILTERED RADIOMETER. J. R. Mahan, Virginia 357

Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg; and M. R. Luther, VoughtCorp., Hampton, Va.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A FILTERED WIDE FIELD-OF-VIEW RADIOMETER 361

FOR EARTH RADIATION BUDGET MEASUREMENTS. John E. Cooper, LangleyResearch Center/NASA; and Michael R. Luther, Vought Corp., Hampton, Va.

APERTURF AND DETECTOR CAVITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR WIDE AND 365

MEDIUM JTELD-OF-VIEW RADIOMETERS. Robert A. Babcock, Langley Research

Center/NA;3A, Hampton, Va.; and William Devereux, Ball Brothers Research

Corp., Boulder, Colo.

SESSION 7B

GROUND/AIR TRUTH CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE EARTH RADIATION 369

BUDGET SATELLITE SYSTEM SENSOR. Kinsell L. Coulson, Univ. of California,Davis, Calif.

DIRECTIONAL MODELS FOR ANALYSIS OF EARTH RADIATION BUDGET 372

MEASUREMENTS. J„ T. Suttles and L. M. Avis, Langley Research Center/NASA;and P. G. Renfroe, Kentron International, Hampton, Va.

ANALYSIS OF SIMULATED MEASUREMENTS OF EARTH-EMITTED RADIATION **

USING GEOMETRIC SHAPE FACTORS AND SOME RESULTS FROM ANALYSIS

OF ESSA-7 AND NIMBUS-6 DATA. W. L. Weaver and R. N. Green, LangleyResearch Center/NASA, Hampton, Va.

DECONVOLUTION ESTIMATION THEORY APPLIED TO NIMBUS 6 ERB DATA. 376

R. N. Green and G. L. Smith, Langley Research Center/NASA, Hampton, Va.

* * Mauuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

xii

PLENARY SESSION-DISCUSSION AND PLANNING FOR POSSIBLE "COMPLETE

RADIATION EXPERIMENT"

CHAIRPERSON: Kinsell L. Coulson, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.

THE NEED AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THE INITIATION OF A COMPLETERADIATION EXPERIMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. J, A. Weinman, Univ.

of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis,; and B. M. Herman, Univ. of Arizona,Tucson, Ariz.

THE PLANNING AND CONDUCT OF THE U.S. PARTICIPATION IN THE GATE

PROGRAM. S. K. Cox, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, Colo.

*Manuscript not available.

**Manuscript not available; if received in time, it will appear in back of book.

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