Thinking- PSYCHOLOGY OF THE LEARNER AND LEARNING
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Transcript of Thinking- PSYCHOLOGY OF THE LEARNER AND LEARNING
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THINKING-Anju Soman
Roll no. 90
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What is Thinking?
• Organisation of concepts or ideas can be defined as thinking.
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Levels of ThinkingThinking
PerceptualThinking
ConceptualThinking
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1] Perceptual Thinking:
• In this process the mental activity takes place when the subject sees an object.• During this stage, infants and
toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects.
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2] Conceptual Thinking:
• It doesn’t depend upon the presence of external stimulus.• It requires certain tools or symbols• children begin to describe the world with words and pictures
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Tools of Thinking
Tools
ImagesConcepts
Language
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I. Image:
• It’s a revival in a modified form our past experiences
• Our mind recalls various images that we have seen for the first time.
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II. Concepts:
• It’s a general idea of what a thing is.• It is the sum total of what you know about an object i.e. how it looks, how it smells, how it sounds, how it smells or tastes.
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How are Concepts formed?• Its due to :I. Abstraction: It’s an analytical process
which involves the mental analysis of an object. One who perceives a number of objects eventually comes to recognise that they are in some ways alike or different from each other.
Concepts are formed through a process of abstracting these similarities and differences.
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II. Generalisation: The quality of an object which was abstracted is referred to a number of similar objects.
• During this process an infant gets
confused with sum objects which look alike but in real are different from each other.
e.g.. An Infant mistakes a Donkey for a Horse
Concepts are not fixed, they are static. Our first generalisation are usually wrong and we are forced to modify them.
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III. Language:
• It’s the means by which we can express our thoughts to others in verbal or written form.
• If we confine ourselves to conceptual and perpetual thinking, our thinking would remain at low level.
• Language like thought is directed towards some goal.
• Words and symbols also constitute for language.