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Transcript of think green
A Presentation on
THINK GREEN“Environmental Awareness”
PADMA DHAR GARGM. Tech (NIT – JAIPUR)
Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment
Major types of pollution:• Water pollution• Air pollution• Land pollution• Noise pollution
Water Pollution
Causes of water pollutionPoint
sources
Waste from factories
Waste from sewage system
Waste from power plants
Waste from underground coalmines
Waste from oil wells
Non-point sources
Carried by rain and snow from land
Fertilizers runoff
Deposition of air pollutants
Storm water drainage
Effects of water pollution
Air pollution
Causes of air pollution
• Incomplete combustion from heaters furnaces and vehicles
• Burning fossil fuels
• Motor vehicles and industries
• Sulfur containing compounds of fossil fuels
• Burning of fossil fuels
• Deforestation
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides
Causes of air pollution
• Wild fire• Methane from live
stock• Volcanic eruptions
• Air-conditioning and refrigerants
• Diesel engines• Power plants• Windblown dust• Wood stoves
• Metal refineries• Battery
manufacturers
Lead Particulate matter
Natural pollutantsCFCs
Consequences of Air Pollution
Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect
Global Warming
Acid Rain
Acid Rain Effects
Ozone Layer Depletion
Ozone Layer Depletion Effects
• Effects on humans• Decreased immunity• Skin cancer• Eye damage• Increased production of
vitamin D
• Effects on crop• Reduction in crop yield
• Effects on marine life• Lower fish harvests
Land Pollution
Causes of Land Pollution• Construction
• Agriculture
• Domestic waste
• Industrial waste
Effects of Land Pollution• Deforestation• Reduced animal
shelter• Soil degradation• Ground water
pollution• Animals and birds
fatality• Intoxication of
fruits, vegetables and crop
Noise Pollution
Causes of Noise Pollution
Noise pollution sources
Stationary
Mobile
Traffic Industrial Construction Neighborhood
Effects of Noise Pollution
Singrauli
Son river
POWER PLANT DETAIL UNIT MW
SSTPP NTPC ltd. 2000 Existing
VSTPP (NTPC) NTPC ltd. 4260 Existing
RhSTPP (NTPC) NTPC ltd. 3000 Existing
Sasan ultra mega power project
Reliance power ltd. 3960 Under construction
Chitrangi power project Reliance power ltd. 3960 Under construction
Mahan super thermal power project
Essar global 1800 Under construction
Mahan captive thermal power plant
Hindalco industries Ltd. 900 Under construction
Jaypee nigrie super thermal power project
Jaypee group 2640 Under construction
DB power M.P.Limited Dainik bhaskar 1320 Under construction
Renu sagar Hindalco industries Ltd. 960 Existing
Anpara UPSEB Govt. of U.P. 1630 Existing
LANCO power anpara LANCO power 1200 Existing
Anpara D BHEL & Govt. of U.P. 1200 Under construction
Air quality standards in IndiaPollutants Time-weighted
averageIndustrial areas Residential
rural and other areas
Sensitive areas
Sulphur Dioxide(SO2)
Annual average
24 hours
80 µg/m3
120 µg/m3
60 µg/m3
80 µg/m3
15 µg/m3
30 µg/m3
Oxide of Nitrogen as (NOx)
Annual average
24 hours
80 µg/m3
120 µg/m3
60 µg/m3
80 µg/m3
15 µg/m3
30 µg/m3
Suspended particulate matter (SPM)
Annual average
24 hours
360 µg/m3
500 µg/m3
140 µg/m3
200 µg/m3
70 µg/m3
100 µg/m3
Respire-able particulate matter (RPM)
Annual average
24 hours
120 µg/m3
150 µg/m3
60 µg/m3
100 µg/m3
50 µg/m3
75 µg/m3
Source: Air Pollution Control in India: Getting the Prices Right by Maureen Cropper, Shama Gamkhar, Kabir Malik, Alex Limonov, and Ian Partridge, January 3, 2012
Emission standards in IndiaCapacity` Pollutant Emission limit
Coal based thermal power plant
Below 210 MW Particulate matter 350 mg/Nm3
Above 210 MW Particulate matter 150 mg/Nm3
Units located in protective areas irrespective of generation capcity
Particulate matter 150 mg/Nm3
Power generation capacity Stack height (meters)
Less than 200/210 MW H = 14 (Q) 0.3 Where Q is emission rate of SO2 in kg/hrH = stack height in meters
200/210 MW or less than 500 MW
220
500 MW and above 275
Source: Air Pollution Control in India: Getting the Prices Right by Maureen Cropper, Shama Gamkhar, Kabir Malik, Alex Limonov, and Ian Partridge, January 3, 2012
Distribution of deaths attribution to emission in India
(In 2008) Pollutants No. of deaths
Total deaths per plant PM 2.5 29
SO2 499
NOx 123
Total 659
Deaths per ton of emission
PM 2.5 0.023
SO2 0.010
Nox 0.009
Source: Air Pollution Control in India: Getting the Prices Right by Maureen Cropper, Shama Gamkhar, Kabir Malik, Alex Limonov, and Ian Partridge, January 3, 2012
SHARDA DEVELOPMENT & ENVIRONMENT COORDINATION
COMMITTEE, SINGRAULI
Regd. NGO with Govt. of India
Objectives of• To eradicate the ill-effects of development and effecting our environment directly
or indirectly.
• To bring positive changes in the society by public awareness.
• To reduce the side effects of the rapid development and commercialization on agricultural sector through better use of technology.
• To curb the root cause for the growth of bacteria, viruses’ causing seasonal diseases is to be prevented.
• To provide technical monitoring of pollution.
• To reduce domestic pollution.
• To compensate pollution by increasing green area.
Plantation of trees
Trees:
• Help to settle out, trap and hold particle pollutants (dust, ash, pollen and smoke) that can damage human lungs.
• Absorb CO2 and other dangerous gasses and, in turn, replenish the atmosphere with oxygen.
• Produce enough oxygen on each acre for 18 people every day.
• Absorb enough CO2 on each acre, over a year's time, to equal the amount you produce when you drive your car 26,000 miles.
How trees help reduce pollution
Collection and disposal of domestic waste
• Distribution of dustbins to each house.
• Collection and proper disposal of domestic waste with the help of Nagar Nigam.
• Recycling of the waste as much as possible.
• Every year, around 500 billion (500,000,000,000) plastic bags are used worldwide.
• India's plastics consumption is one of the highest in the world.
Plastic
Non-biodegradable
Kills animal life
Pollutes and degrades environment
Has adverse effects on human health
• The daily used polybag contains lead and cadmium.
• lead and cadmium are toxic elements which can adversely effect human body.
• If burnt, releases Hydrogen Cyanide, a carcinogenic gas.
Contributes all types of pollution
Polythene Bag Substitute
Polythene Bag Substitute
JUTE BAGS PAPER BAGS
Why should we shift from Polythene Bags?
• Non biodegradable• If dumped in the soil
causes harm to the plant life
• Threatens the life in the water bodies
• Polythene is harmful for animals if swallowed
How are Jute Bags made?
• Jute bags are manufactured from natural jute and can be bought at a very cheap price starting from Rs.20
Advantages Of Jute bag
• Biodegradable• One of the strongest
natural fibers• Relatively cheap to buy• Durable• Jute crops require little
water• Jute has low pesticide
and fertilizer needs.
Advantages Of Jute bag
Advantages Of Paper Bags
• 100% reusable, recyclable and biodegradable.
• Can be made at home too.
• A renewable resource - comes from trees.
• Require less energy than plastic to be recycled
• Pose less of a threat to wildlife
Other Remedies
• Fabric biodegradable bags.
• Foldable a cotton bags for Ladies.
• Reusable Nylon bags.
• Donate old news papers to make paper bags and packets.
• Use a wicker basket.
Fly Ash
Fly Ash based bricks
Structures made from Fly Ash bricks
ThenNow
Structures made from Fly Ash
Germany Spain Denmark
Greece France
Comparison of fly ash based bricks with clay burn bricks
Sl. No. Items Conventional clay burnt
bricks
Fly Ash based bricks
1. Dimension in mm(LXWXH)
250mmX125mmX75mm
190mmX90mmX90mm
230mmX110mmX75
2. Colour Red Grey Grey3. Basic Ingredient earth or clay fly ash fly ash4. Density (gm/cc) 1.60-1.70 1.80-1.90 1.80-1.905. Dry weight(in kgs) 3.75-4.00 2.80-2.90 3.3- 3.56. Common building bricks
compressive strength (kg/cm2)
50-65 70-90 75-100
7. Water absorption (in %) 15-25 10-15 10-15
8. Breakage 5-7 1/2 percent Less than 1%
Less than 1%
THANK YOU ALL
FOR YOUR ATTENTION