Before Birth◆ In a dream Abdul Muttalib was shown the location of the well of Zam Zam.

He re-dug the well with the help of his son Hārith. ◆ Prophet’s father Abdullah passed away a few months before his birth. ◆ Abraha; the governor of Yemen, took an oath to destroy the Ka’bah. He

marched to Makkah on a huge elephant with an army of 60,000 soldiers but they were stopped in their tracks as Allāh sent a flock of birds that pelted them with stones. This took place 50 or 55 days before the birth of Prophet .

Birth◆ The Holy Prophet is born on Monday the 9th, or 12th of Rabī al-Awwal,

corresponding to April 570/571CE. ◆ In line with the practice of the Arabs, Prophet is given to Halīma (R.A)

who takes him to the countryside so he can grow up healthy and learn the pure Arabic spoken by the Bedouins. Halīma (R.A) experiences many miracles through the blessing of this child destined to be the final messenger.

◆ At the age of four, during his stay with Halīma (R.A), two angels come to Prophet and split his chest open and thereafter wash his noble heart. Following this incident, Halīma (R.A) returns the Prophet to his mother Āmina (R.A).

◆ As Āmina (R.A) returns from Madīnah with her orphan son she falls ill and passes away in Abwā’. The Prophet is only six years old and his grandfather Abdul Muttalib takes care of him.

◆ Abdul Muttalib passes away when Prophet is eight years old. Prophet is taken into the care of his uncle Abū Tālib.

◆ The splitting of the chest takes place for the second time when Prophet is ten years old.

◆ The incident of Bahīra (a Christian monk): At the age of twelve, the Prophet leaves Makkah for the first time. He accompanies his uncle Abū Tālib to

Syria in a trading caravan. Upon reaching Busrā, Bahīra recognises Prophet through his knowledge of the previous scriptures. He warns Abū Tālib

that Prophet must be sent back to Makkah, otherwise if the Romans become aware of whom he is they will harm him. Subsequently the Prophet

is returned to Makkah. ◆ The war of Fijār takes place in which the Prophet assists upon the

insistence of his uncles but does not partake in battle. His age is 14, 15, or 20 at the time. The Peace treaty of Fudhūl was an oath taken by three men to stop the killing of the innocent. Following the war of Fijār the treaty of Fudhūl is renewed in which the Prophet is also involved.

◆ At the age of 25, Khadījah, a rich Makkan businesswomen, sends Prophet and her slave Maysarah to Syria. On this journey a monk called Nastūra

observes him and identifies him as a Prophet. ◆ The business trip is successful and Prophet returns with a lot of profit.

Maysarah testifies to the honesty and nobility of Prophet . Khadījah is affected by this and subsequently asks him to marry her. Prophet marries her at the age of 25 and at the time she is 40. 5 years before prophethood, the Ka’bah is re-built. A dispute ensues as to which tribe of the Quraish should have the honour of placing the black stone in its place. Due to his honesty, the Quraish appoint Prophet as the arbitrator and the matter is resolved peacefully.

◆ As the Prophet approaches the age of forty, he prefers solitude and spends much of his time in the cave of Hirā in Mount Nur.

◆ Six months prior to receiving prophethood, Prophet begins to see dreams which would materialise and prove to be very accurate.

ProphethoodFirst Year of Prophethood◆ One day, at the age of 40 in the cave Hirā, Prophet is visited by the angel

Jibra’īl who reveals the first few verses of Surah Iqra. From this point the era of divine revelation (Wahī) begins.

◆ Shaken by the experience of revelation, Khadījah (R.A) takes Prophet to Waraqah bin Nawfal, a Christian scholar. Prophet relates his experience and Warqah says that this is what the Prophet Moses also experienced. Waraqah then confirms that Prophet is the final messenger as described in the Christian and Jewish scriptures.

◆ Jibra’īl (A.S) teaches Prophet how to perform Wudhu and Salāh. ◆ The splitting of the chest occurs for the third time.◆ The first few people to accept Islām are Khadījah (R.A), Abū Bakr (R.A), Alī

(R.A) and Zaid (R.A).◆ The Muslims begin to gather in the house of Arqam to learn about Islām

and worship Allāh discreetly.

First-Third Year of Prophethood◆ The Prophet and the Muslims invite others towards Islām discreetly. This

practice and propagation of Islām continues in a discreet manner for 3 years. ◆ Those people who accepted Islām during the first three years (i.e. whilst

people were being invited towards Islām discreetly) are known as ‘Al-Sābiqīn al-Awwalīn’. Approximately 130 men and women fall into this category.

Fourth Year of Prophethood◆ The verse: is revealed and thus, Prophet extends the

preaching of Islām to the different tribes of the Quraish. ◆ The verse: is revealed. Prophet and the

Muslims begin to openly preach Islām. They also begin to worship and perform Salāh openly.

◆ Islām is spreading fast and the Hajj season is approaching. Fearing the further popularity of Islām, Walīd bin Mughīrah and other nobles of Makkah gather to discuss how to deter the pilgrims from the message of the Prophet .

◆ The Quraish intensify their opposition to Prophet and start to physically abuse him and the other Muslims. The poor and weak Muslims are severely persecuted.

◆ The Quraish are fed up with the success of Islām. They approach Abū Tālib and attempt to convince him to abandon the Prophet . Abū Tālib ignores them; they approach him a second and third time wherein they warn him.

Fifth Year of Prophethood◆ In hope of escaping the persecution of the Quraish, 12 men and 4 women

migrate to Abyssinia. This is the first migration in Islām. ◆ The second migration to Abyssinia takes place. 82-86 men and 17-18

women migrate on this occasion.◆ The Prophet recites Surah al-Najm and the disbelievers of the Quraish

are miraculously forced, against their will, to prostrate with the Muslims upon hearing the Qur’ān.

Sixth Year of Prophethood◆ Enraged that the Muslims are safe in Abyssinia, the Quraish send Amr bin

al-Ās and Abdullah bin Ubayy to Najāshi to try to convince him to evict the Muslims. Najāshi refuses.

◆ Hamzah (R.A) accepts Islām. Three days later Umar (R.A) accepts Islām. ◆ After notable and powerful figures such as Hamza (R.A) and Umar (R.A) accept

Islām, the Quraish approach the Prophet saying we will give you wealth, power and other worldly possessions if you stop preaching.

◆ As the Quraish fail to entice Prophet with wealth and power, some elements of the Quraish plot to assassinate him.

◆ The Quraish contact the Jews of Madīnah asking them for advice. They tell the Quraish to put three questions to the Prophet advising that, if he answers the first two of the three questions he is a Prophet. The Prophet answers the first two questions.

Seventh-Ninth Year of Prophethood◆ The Quraish initiate an oppressive boycott of the Muslims and Banū Hāshim

and vow only to end the boycott if the Muslims hand over the Prophet after which the Quraish would kill him. The boycott lasts for three years.

◆ The boycott causes massive starvation amongst the Muslims. They are forced to survive on leaves. Sometimes if they were lucky they would find skin which they would roast to eat.

◆ Mansūr bin Ikramah; the scribe who drafted the charter of the boycott is soon punished by Allāh . His hands become disabled and he is never to write again.

◆ Abū Bakr (R.A) leaves Makkah to join the Muslims in Abyssinia. Ibn Dugunnah brings him back guaranteeing him sanctuary.

Tenth Year of Prophethood◆ The Quraish had hung the charter of the boycott on the wall of the Ka’bah.

Allāh informs the Prophet that the charter has been eaten by white ants except for the name of Allāh . Abū Tālib informs the Quraish of this occurrence and says: if the Prophet is wrong we will hand him over, but if he is right you must end the boycott. The Quraish agree and check the charter. They find the Prophet to be correct and thus the boycott ends.

◆ 25 seniors of the Quraish go to Abū Tālib for the last time and try to convince him to abandon the Prophet . They return unsuccessfully but leave him with a warning.

◆ Abū Tālib passes away.◆ Khadījah (R.A) passes away 3-5 days after Abū Tālib. ◆ Prophet marries Sawdah (R.A).◆ Zaid bin Hārithah (R.A) accompanies Prophet to Tā’if for ten days. The

people of Tāif mock and attack Prophet . On the return from Tā’if, the angel responsible for the mountains asks the Prophet for permission to crush the people of Tā’if and Makkah by bringing together the mountains on either side of the two cities. Prophet refuses and instead he prays for them.

◆ Upon returning from Tā’if, the Prophet stops at Nakhlah for a few days. A group of Jinn stop by to listen to the Prophet reciting Qur’ān. After listening to a few verses they leave. The Prophet remains unaware of this occurrence until Allāh reveals it to him.

Eleventh Year of Prophethood◆ The incident of Me’rāj/Isrā’ takes place wherein the Prophet is taken from

Masjid al-Harām in Makkah, to Masjid al-Aqsā in Palestine in one night. In this journey, Prophet physically tours the heavens. In this journey the 5 daily prayers become obligatory.

◆ Six men from the tribe of Khazraj accept Islām during the Hajj season. Through these six men Islām begins to spread in Madīnah.

◆ The Prophet marries Ā’isha (R.A).

Twelfth Year of Prophethood◆ First pledge of Aqabah takes place. 12 men from Madīnah pledge their

allegiance to Prophet five of which had accepted Islām at the hands of the Prophet the previous year.

◆ Before Jumu’ah actually became obligatory, As’ad bin Zurārah by his own initiative establishes a gathering on the day of Jumu’ah. The Muslims gather and worship Allāh together.

Thirteenth Year of Prophethood◆ Second pledge of Aqabah takes place during the Hajj season. 2 women and

70-73 men pledge their allegiance to Prophet . The Prophet then appoints 12 leaders amongst them.

◆ Upon seeing the mounting difficulties and persecution the Muslims face daily, the Prophet instructs his companions to migrate to Madīnah.

◆ Abū Salamah (R.A) is the first person to migrate. Thereafter, Umar (R.A) migrates with 20 other people.

Fourteenth Year of Prophethood ⁄ First Year of Migration 622 ⁄ 623 CE◆ The disbelievers of Quraish gather in Dār al-Nadwa to plot to kill the

Prophet . This takes place approximately two and a half months after the second Bay’ah of Aqaba.

◆ The next day, a group of Quraishi men surround the house of Prophet in order to assassinate him. When the Prophet emerges, he throws dust in their direction which temporarily blinds them. They remain unaware of his exit until morning. At this point, on the 27th of Safar, the Prophet begins the journey of migration along with his loyal companion Abū Bakr (R.A).

◆ The Prophet stops in Qubā for a few days wherein he establishes the first masjid, namely Masjid Qubā. Thereafter on Friday he proceeds and enters Madīnah.

◆ The people of Madīnah are eagerly waiting for the arrival of Prophet . Upon his arrival, the little girls of Madīnah sing songs of praise.

◆ The Jewish rabbis begin to come to the Prophet in order to test him and determine whether he is their long awaited prophet. Many Jewish scholars accept Islām upon meeting the Prophet .

◆ The Prophet and his companions (R.A) build Masjid al-Nabawī as well as the living quarters of the wives of the Prophet . As the Muhājirīn had left all their possessions in Makkah, Prophet establishes the bond of brotherhood between the Muhājirīn and Ansār. An Ansāri took a Muhājir as his brother and divided his entire wealth with him.

◆ The Athān; call to prayer is established. ◆ Prophet sends Zaid bin Hāritha (R.A) and Abū Rāfi’ (R.A) to Makkah to

bring those of his family members who are left there, namely Fātima, Umm Kulthūm and Umm al Mu’minīn Sawdah (R.A).

◆ Prophet engages with the Jews in a treaty of peace and harmony for all the inhabitants of Madīnah.

◆ Consummation of marriage with Ā’isha (R.A) takes place. ◆ As the Quraish prepare to attack Madīnah, Allāh grants

the Muslims permission to defend themselves and thus Jihād is ordained. ◆ Salmān al-Fārsī and Abdullāh bin Salām the famous Jewish scholar, accept Islām.

Second Year of Migration◆ The expedition of Abwā’: Enraged that the Prophet has escaped to

Madīnah, the Quraish declare war and prepare to attack Madīnah. A group of fighters involved in this plot is stationed at Abwā’, Prophet and 70 Muhājirīn go to engage them but they fee. This is the first expedition in which Prophet takes part himself.

◆ Through the command of Allāh the direction of prayer; Qibla, is changed, from Masjid al-Aqsā to Masjid al-Harām.

◆ A section of Masjid al-Nabawī is designated for the poor Muslims who have no house of their own.

◆ The battle of Badr takes place between the Muslims and the disbelievers of Quraish. Despite the fact that the Muslims have only 313 ill-equipped men and the Quraish have over a 1000 well armed men, the Muslims are still victorious.

◆ The laws of fasting, Sadaqah al-Fitr, Salāh of īd, Udh’hiya and Zakāt are ordained.

◆ Ruqayyah (R.A); the daughter of the Prophet passes away. ◆ Fātimah (R.A); the daughter of the Prophet marries Alī (R.A). ◆ After the clan of Qaynuqā’ humiliate a Muslim women and kill a Muslim

man, the Prophet lays siege to their forts for fifteen days after which they surrender. Subsequently they are banished from Madīnah and its suburbs.

Third Year of Migration◆ The Prophet marries Hafsa (R.A); the daughter of Umar (R.A). ◆ The Battle of Uhad takes place. ◆ Hasan (R.A); the grandson of the Prophet is born to Fātima (R.A). ◆ The consumption of alcohol is prohibited. (Some say 4th Hijri) ◆ The daughter of the Prophet Umm Kulthūm (R.A) marries Uthmān (R.A).◆ The laws of inheritance are revealed. Up until now, women were

never given a share of the inheritance. Not only did Islām give women a share from the inheritance, Islām ruled that more women will receive inheritance than men. Thus, only four categories of men are entitled to inheritance but eight categories of women are entitled to inheritance.

◆ The marriage of a Muslim to a polytheist is also prohibited in this year.

Fourth Year of Migration◆ Upon their request, the Prophet sends ten learned Muslims to the tribe

of Adhal and Qārah to educate them about Islām. These people betray the Muslims and kill all ten Muslims.

◆ Upon the request of Āmir bin Mālik the Prophet sends seventy companions (R.A) to Najd to teach them about Islām. Again the Muslims are betrayed and martyred.

◆ The tribe of Banu Nadhīr lure the Prophet to sit in a place with the intention of assassinating him. They are unsuccessful in this attempt and are subsequently banished from Madīnah.

◆ The battle of Thāt al-Riqā’ takes place. Subsequently the rulings of Salāh al-khawf are revealed. Some scholars hold that the rules were ordained in the 4th, 5th or 7th year of Hijrī.

◆ Husayn (R.A); the grandson of the Prophet is born to Fātimah (R.A).◆ The second expedition of Badr takes place. ◆ The Prophet marries Zainab bint Khuzayma (R.A) and she sadly passes

away a few months later. ◆ The Prophet marries Umm Salama (R.A).◆ The Prophet orderes Zaid bin Thābit to learn Hebrew. The Prophet did

so as he did not trust the Jews and did not want to rely on them. ◆ The rules of Hijāb (modestly covering oneself ) are ordained. Some scholars

say 3rd or 5th Hijrī.

Fifth Year of Migration◆ The expedition of Dūma al-Jandal: The disbelievers stationed at Dūma al-

Jandal, frequently raid and loot the passing caravans. Prophet proceeds to confront them but they flee.

◆ The grandson of the Prophet Abdullāh bin Uthmān passes away. ◆ The Battle of Banī Mustaliq: In aid of the Quraish, a small army from the

clan of Mustaliq advances to attack the Muslims. Prophet intercepts them out of Madīnah.

◆ The Prophet marries Juwairiyya (R.A).◆ The incident of Ifk takes place. ◆ The rules of Tayammumn are ordained. ◆ The Battle of the confederates: An alliance of 10,000 soldiers from different

Arab and Jewish tribes converges on Madīnah to wipe out Islām once and for all. The Prophet digs trenches around Madīnah to stop their advance. The enemy besieges Madīnah for 27 days after which distrust and dispute dissolves the alliance and they all leave. Once again Allāh protects the Muslims.

◆ The Prophet marries Zainab bint Jahash (R.A).◆ The battle of Banū Quraidha: The clan of Quraidha betrayed the Muslims

and secretly assisted the alliance from within Madīnah. Subsequently Prophet banished them from Madīnah.

◆ Hajj is made obligatory. Some say sixth Hijrī. ◆ A tremor and lunar eclipse take place in Madīnah.◆ Rules pertaining to false accusations and some forms of divorce such as

Zhihār are ordained. ◆ The laws of fostering a child are ordained.◆ Sa’d bin Muāth (R.A); the leader of the Ansār passes away. Prophet

is saddened as Sa’d bin Muāth (R.A) helped and protected Prophet throughout his life.

Sixth Year of Migration◆ For the first time after migration the Prophet intends to perform Umrah

with approximately 1400/1500 companions (R.A). The Quraish prevent them from entering Makkah. A standoff between the Quraish and Muslims ensues.

◆ During this standoff, the Prophet sends Uthmān (R.A) as a messenger on behalf of the Muslims to the Quraish. The Muslims are wrongly informed that Uthmān (R.A) has been martyred by the Quraish. The Muslims vow to take revenge for him. This vow is known as Bay’ah al-Ridhwān. Subsequently this standoff is resolved through the treaty of Hudaybiyyah.

◆ The treaty of Hudaybiyyah meant that now, after 18 years of persecution at the hands of the Quraish, the Muslims can now live in peace. In this peace-time era Prophet sends letters to various kings and rulers inviting them towards Islām.

Seventh Year of Migration◆ The battle of Khaybar: The inhabitants of Khaybar were the main

agents who had enlisted the Arab and Jewish forces in the battle of the confederates. They were still at large and continued to plot against Islām. Prophet lays siege to their forts. The people of Khaybar beg for forgiveness which Prophet grants and he allows them to leave Madīnah without any punishment.

◆ As a result of the conquest of Khaybar the Muhājirīn become rich and independent from the Ansār. Hence they return all the possessions (houses, land and trees) which the Ansār had given them to use and benefit from.

◆ Umrah al-Qadhā is performed to compensate for the Umrah which the Muslims had intended to perform in the previous year.

◆ Mut’ah and the consumption of domesticated donkeys become prohibited.

◆ Ja’far bin Abī Tālib (R.A) and other companions (R.A) who are left in Abyssinia migrate to Madīnāh.

◆ The Prophet marries Umm Habība (daughter of Abu Sufyān (R.A), Safiyyah bint Huyay and Maymūnah (R.A).

◆ Highly respected leaders such as Khālid bin Walīd, Uthmān bin Talha and Amr bin Aās accept Islām, some scholars say they accepted Islām in the eighth year of Hijrī.

Eighth Year of Migration◆ The expedition of Mūtah takes place in which 3000 Muslims fight against

300,000 disbelievers. Only 12 Muslims are martyred. ◆ The Expedition of Abū Ubaidah takes place. The Muslims suffer from

hunger during this time. Finally they resort to eating the leaves of trees. One day whilst they are travelling by the sea shore, miraculously, a whale is thrown out of the sea. The Muslims eat from this whale for eighteen days.

◆ After the Quraish break the treaty of Hudaybiyyah the Prophet advances towards Makkah with 10,000 soldiers and successfully enters and conquers Makkah. Even though the Quraish had tortured and persecuted the Muslims, when Prophet enters Makkah he prohibits any form of revenge and thus there was no bloodshed. This act of kindness and peace results in many ardent enemies of the Prophet accepting Islām.

◆ Many people knew Islām is the truth but did not embrace it out of fear of the Quraish. Now, as the Quraish were being crushed, the people embrace Islām in large numbers. Entire tribes and committees embrace Islām in succession. Even though the Prophet gave the Qurashi leaders sanctuary and forgave them, many of the leaders embrace Islām. Some of them are: Safwān bin Umayyah, Suhayl bin Amr, Utbah and Mu’awiyyah (May Allāh

be pleased with them)◆ Prophet appoints governors in many Muslim areas and thus a system of

peace and justice is established in those areas. ◆ Abbās (R.A) migrates to Madīnah from Makkah with his entire family

following the Muslim’s victory in Makkah. ◆ The battle of Hunayn takes place in which the tribes of Hawāzin and Thaqīf

attempt to raid Makkah with 20,000 men. Allāh assists the Muslims and thus the enemy is defeated.

◆ After their defeat at Hunayn some of the raiders fortify themselves in Tā’if. The Prophet lays siege to the fort but the fort is not conquered. Later on these people decide to accept Islām on their own accord.

◆ Stationed at Ja’rāna, the Prophet proceeds to Makkah for Umrah and returns to Madīnah after two months and sixteen days.

◆ Hadhrat Ibrāhīm (R.A), the son of the Prophet and Māriyah al-Qibtiyya is born.

◆ Zaynab (RA); the daughter of the Prophet passes away.

Ninth Year of Migration◆ Tamīm bin Aws al-Dari accepts Islām. He is also well known for being the

first person to light a lamp in Masjid al-Nabawi. Prior to this, the Masjid had no light.

◆ The Prophet dispatches individuals to the various Muslim lands to collect Zakāt.

◆ After the fall of Makkah and the collapse of the Quraish, the Romans fear for their own power. They assemble an army of 40,000 to destroy Islām. The Prophet prepares an army of 30,000 to combat the roman army of 40,000 at Tabūk. The Romans flee as soon as they hear of the Muslim army and thus no fighting takes place.

◆ Najāshi; the king of Abyssinia passes away. The Prophet prays Janāzah Salāh for him in Madīnah.

◆ The Prophet orders the destruction of Masjid al-Dhirār. This was the place were the hypocrites would plot against Islām and the Prophet .

◆ Umm Kulthūm; the daughter of the Prophet passes away. ◆ Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Sulūl; the leader of the hypocrites

(Munāfiqīn) dies. ◆ The Prophet sends Abū Bakr (R.A) to perform the pilgrimage (Hajj).

This Hajj is known as Al-Hajj al-Akbar. ◆ The laws of Li’ān are revealed. Some narrate that this took place in

5th Hijri ◆ Jizya is established. ◆ Usage and dealing with Ribā (interest) is prohibited. ◆ More than 20 delegations from different tribes come to Madīnah to accept

Islām. Many of them in the ninth year of Hijrah (Migration). ◆ The incident of Mubāhala takes place between Prophet and

Banū Najrān.

Tenth Year of Migration◆ Prophet sends Muāth bin Jabal (R.A) and Abū Musā al-Ash’ari (R.A)

to separate places in Yemen to educate people about Islām (This may have happened at the end of the ninth year of Hijrah).

◆ Prophet performs Hajj with approximately 100,000 of his companions. ◆ Ibrāhīm (R.A) the son of the Prophet passes away at the age of sixteen months. ◆ Musaylamah al-Kathāb claims prophethood in Yamāmah and Aswad Bin

Ka’b claims prophethood in San’aa, Yemen.

Eleventh Year of Migration (May) 632 CE◆ Again the Romans plot against Islām and thus Prophet prepares to

dispatch an army under the leadership of Usāma bin Zaid (R.A) towards Rome. Before the army leaves he falls ill. This was the final army that the Prophet dispatched.

◆ The greatest sadness ever: The noble Prophet leaves the world on the 12th of Rabī al-Awwal.

◆ Abū Bakr (R.A) becomes Caliph.

MuhammadSīrah ProphetThe

of

1STHIJRI

2NDHIJRI

3RDHIJRI

4THHIJRI

5THHIJRI

6THHIJRI

7THHIJRI

8THHIJRI

9THHIJRI

10THHIJRI

Confrontations which resulted in fighting

Confrontations which did not result in fighting

His nannies

His blessed children

All of Prophet children are from his wife Khadījah R.A. except for Ibrāhīm as he is from Māriyah al-Qibtiyya R.A.

His grandchildren

(Shayma was the daughter of Halīma)

(Also known as and )

The Battles of the Prophet His noble lineage from his father Abdullah:

His noble lineage from his mother Āmina: (From his mother’s lineage is the same as his fathers)

His pious wives

His two wet nurses

Some names which Prophet has called himself

(The one who embodies the most praiseworthy qualities)

(The one who praises Allah the most, or the one who himself is

most deserving of praise from the entire creation)

(The one whom Allah uses to end disbelief)

(The one to be resurrected first)

(The one, after whom there is no other Prophet)

His sincere assistants

(He would take care of Prophet’s daily errands)

(He would take care of Prophet’s

slippers and Miswak)

(He would take care of Prophet’s mule)

(He would take care of Prophet’s riding camel)

(He would take care of Prophet’s sanitary requirements)

For more information please email thinkislam@consultant.com