Thesis Reportt 2

8/2/2019 Thesis Reportt 2

1/85

Aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmdv aog ub~`i~daofb

aoaj{vkv `i~ RM@ uavvkpb ^@KG obwsi~hv

Dkao Maddag Oa|k~

WMBVKV SI^H >511

Bjbfw~kfaj Bockobb~koc


2/85


3/85

Anvw~afw

k

Anvw~afw

Uavvkpb RM@ ^@KG v{vwbdv rvkoc G{oadkf @~adb$Vjiwwbg AJIMA -G@VA+aglrvw wmb `~adb vk|b affi~gkoc wi wmb ordnb~ i` wacv* nrw `~adb vk|b O kv

bqrajv wi aog faooiw nb aglrvwbg b}afwj{ wi wmb ordnb~ i` wacv wi nbkgbowk`kbg/ Ko wmkv wmbvkv* sb u~iuivb ao iuwkdaj Ajima ajci~kwmd -IG@VA+*smkfm rvbv u~inankjkvwkf auu~iafm ì~ wacv wi affbvv wmb `~adb/ Wmb Qrb~{ i~Qrb~{ Aglrvw uafhbw fiowakov niwm wmb ua~adbwb~ Q aog U fajjbg `~adb affbvvu~inankjkw{* smkfm ~bu~bvbow wmb ~awki i` ordnb~ i` afwkpb wacv ko wmb fr~~bow`~adb wi wmb bvwkdawbg wiwaj ordnb~ i` wacv smkfm ~bdako wi nb kgbowk`kbg ko wmbv{vwbd/ Bvwkdawkio i` ordnb~ i` ro~bag wacv kv rugawbg a`wb~ bog i` bafm`~adb8 ua~adbwb~v Q aog U a~b fajfrjawbg aog koì~dbg aw wmb nbckookoc i` bafm

`~adb/Ir~ u~iuivbg IG@VA ajci~kwmd kv ur~bj{ nrkjw io BUF Cjinaj fjavv$1 Cbo/ >vwaoga~gv/ Wmb u~iuivbg ajci~kwmd rvbv u~inankjkvwkf auu~iafm kovwbag i`c~irukoc/ Aw wmb nbckookoc i` bafm `~adb* wmb ~bagb~ vbogv a Qrb~{ i~ Qrb~{aglrvw uafhbw av ko BUF Cjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbo/> gibv* nrw wmb uafhbw fiowakov ajvia `kbjg fajjbg `~adb affbvv u~inankjkw{* U/ Smbo a wac ~bfbkpbv wmb uafhbw* wmbwac cbob~awbv a ~aogid pajrb u/ K` u U* wmb wac ua~wkfkuawbv kowi wmb fr~~bow`~adb* iwmb~skvb kw sakwv ì~ wmb ob}w `~adb/ Bvwkdawkio i` ordnb~v i` ro~bagwacv kv rugawbg a`wb~ bog i` bafm `~adb* ua~adbwb~v Q aog U a~b fajfrjawbg aogkoì~dbg aw wmb nbckookoc i` bafm `~adb/ Dawmbdawkfaj aoaj{vkv aog fidurwb~

vkdrjawkiov vmis wmaw wmb u~iuivbg Ajima afmkbpbv da}kdrd v{vwbdb``kfkbof{* rwkjk|bv jbvv ordnb~ i` vjiwv fidua~bg skwm iwmb~ ajci~kwmdv aogajvi wahbv jbvv kgbowk`kfawkio wkdb/


4/85

Vaddaoàwwokoc

kk

Vaddaoàwwokoc

Uavvkpa RM@ ^@KG$v{vwbd dbg mlju ap G{oadkf @~adb$vjiwwbg AJIMA

-G@VA+ lrvwb~a n{ccvwi~jbh nb~ibogb u aowaj wacca~* dbo ~advwi~jbh O ~ jkhadbg ifm kowb hao lrvwb~av b}ahw dbg aowaj wacca~ aww kgbowk`kb~a/ K gbooaapmaogjkoc `~bvj~ pk bo iuwkdaj Ajima ajci~kwd -IG@VA+* vid aopogb~u~inankjkvwkvhw v{ovww `~ wacca~ `~ aww hidda w ~adbo/ Qrb~{ bjjb~ Qrb~{Lrvwb~a uahbw koobmjjb~ ngb ua~adbwb~o Q ifm U hajjav `~adb wkjjcocvaooijkhmbw* smkfm ~bu~bvbow wmb ~awki i` ordnb~ i` afwkpb wacv ko wmb fr~~bow`~adb wi wmb bvwkdawbg wiwaj ordnb~ i` wacv smkfm ~bdako wi nb kgbowk`kbg ko wmbv{vwbd/ Ruuvhawwokoc ap aowajbw ijvwa wacca~ ruugawb~av b`wb~ rwcocbo appa~lb nkjg~rwa * ua~adbw~a~ Q ifm U nb~hoav ifm koì~db~av k n~lao ap pa~lbnkjg~rwa/

P~ `~bvjacoa IG@VA ajci~kwd ~ ~bow n{ccg u BUF Cjinaj hjavv$1 Cbo/>vwaoga~gb~/ Gbo `~bvjacoa ajci~kwdbo aopogb~ u~inankjkvwkvhw v{ovww k vwjjbw`~ c~ruub~koc/ K n~lao ap pa~lb nkjg~rwa* vhkfha~ jva~bo bo Qrb~{ bjjb~ Qrb~{

lrvwb~a uahbw vid k BUF Cjinaj hjavv$1 Cbo/> c~* dbo uahbwbw koobmjjb~ifhv bww `jw dbg oadobw vaooijkhmbw ~ad wkjjcoc* U/ O~ bo wacc wa~ bdiwuahbw* gbw wac cbob~b~a~ bww vjrdudvvkcw p~gb v/ Id u U wac gbjwa~ k gboahwrbjja ~adbo* aooa~v powa~ u ovwa ~ad/ Ruuvhawwokoc ap aowajbw ijvwawacca~ ruugawb~av b`wb~ rwcocbo ap pa~lb nkjg~rwa* ua~adbw~a~ Q ifm Unb~hoav ifm koì~db~agb k n~lao ap pa~lb nkjg~rwa/ Dawbdawkvh aoaj{v ifmgawi~vkdrjb~koca~ pkva~ aww gbo `~bvjacoa Ajima ruuo~ da}kdaj b``bhwkpkwbw*aopogb~ dkog~b aowaj vjiwv ld`~w dbg aog~a ajci~kwdb~ ifm pbo wa~ dkog~bkgbowk`kb~koc wkg/


5/85


6/85

Hb{si~gv

kp

Hb{si~gv

Uavvkpb RM@ ^@KG

Aowk$fijjkvkio

BUF cjinaj fjavv 1 Cbob~awkio> -Cbo/>+U~inankjkvwkf auu~iafm

Iuwkdaj Qrb~{ uafhbw uak~

Da}kdrd v{vwbd b``kfkbof{/


7/85

Hb{si~gv

p

Jkvw i` Ann~bpkawkio

AFH Afhoisjbgcbdbow

N@VA Nkoa~{ @~adb vjiwwbg Ajima

FVDA Fa~~kb~ vbovb drjwkujb affbvv

GNQ$G@VA Graj nkav Qrb~{G{oadkf @~adb vjiwwbg Ajima

BG@VA Bomaofbg g{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg Ajima

BUF Bjbfw~iokf u~igrfw figb

@VA @~adb vjiwwbg Ajima

Cbo > Cbob~awkio >

KG@VA Kdu~ipbg g{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg Ajima

JNW Jkvwbo nb`i~b wajh

DAF Dbgkrd affbvv fiow~ijIG@VA Iuwkdaj g{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg Ajima

UKB Urjvb kowb~paj bofigkoc

^@KG ^agki `~bqrbof{ kgbowk`kfawkio

^wfaj ^bagb~ wi Wac fajkn~awkio

WGDA Wkdb gkpkvkio drjwkujb affbvv

W~faj Wac wi ~bagb~ fajkn~awkio

RM@ Rjw~a mkcm `~bqrbof{


8/85

Wanjb i` fiowbowv

pk

Wanjb i` Fiowbowv

1 Kow~igrfwkio ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 11/1 NAFH CÎROG //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 11/> ^@KG V[VWBD A^FMKWBFWR^B ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 11/6 UAVVKPB ^@KGFIDDROKFAWKIO DIGBJ/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7

1/6/1 Auukfawkio ja{b~ //////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// ////// 21/6/> Fiddrokfawkio ja{b~ -DAF+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 21/6/6 Um{vkfaj Ja{b~/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 3

1/7 AUUJKFAWKIOV I@ UAVVKPB ^@KG ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 31/2 WMBVKV INLBFWKPB AOG WAVHV //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =1/0 WMBVKV IRWJKOB////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =

> Fiddrokfawkio U~iwifijv ì~ Gbovb ^@KG Obwsi~hv ////// 15>/1 AOWK$FIJJKVKIO UÎWIFIJ UA^WV //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 15

>/1/1 Affr~awb bvwkdawkio i` wmb ordnb~ i wacv/ ///////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///// 15>/1/> Gbwb~dkoawkio i` Iuwkdaj `~adb jbocwm/ //////////////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// // 15

>/> DRJWK WAC UAVVKPB ^@KG FIDDROKFAWKIO UÎWIFIJV ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 15>/>/1 W~bb Navbg ^@KG Aowk$fijjkvkio U~iwifij -Gbwb~dkokvwkf digbj+ ///////// //////// ///////// //////// 11>/>/> Ajima Navbg ^@KG Aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv -Vwifmavwkf digbj+////// ///////// ///////// //////// //// 1>

>/6 @ÂDB VJIWWBG AJIMA -@VA+ NAVBG WÂOVDKVVKIO FIOWÎJ VWÂWBCKBV/ ////////////////////// 16>/6/1 Navkf @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima -N@VA+ //////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// / 16>/6/> G{oadkf @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima -G@VA+ //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// //// 17

>/7 G[OADKF @ÂDB VJIWWBG AJIMA -G@VA+ NAVBG WÂOVDKVVKIO VFMBDBV/ //////////////////////// 10>/7/1 Vfmirwb Nafhjic Bvwkdawkio wbfmokqrb/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 13>/7/> Jisb~ Nirog nafhjic bvwkdawkio wbfmokqrb/ ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //// 13>/7/6 Picw dbwmig/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 13>/7/7 \mak aog Saoc wsi `rofwkio bvwkdawkio ajci~kwmd/ ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// // 1=>/7/2 Fmbo aog Jko Dbwmigv/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1;

>/2 G[OADKF @ÂDB VJIWWBG AJIMA -G@VA+@ÂDB VK\KOC SKWM WAC CÎRUKOC VFMBDBV/ / >>>/2/1 Vwawkf Wac c~irukoc vfmbdb/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >>>/2/> G{oadkf Wac c~irukoc vfmbdb ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// /////// >7

>/0 VRDDA^[/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >06 BUF Cjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio > vwaoga~g/ //////////////////////// >3

6/1 BUFCJINAJ CBOBÂWKIO >/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >36/1/1 Q$Ajci~kwmd ì~ Wac Aowk$Fijjkvkio ko BUFcjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio >/ ///////////// /////// >36/1/> @jis Fma~w ì~ Q$ajci~kwmd ko BUFcjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio>/ //////////////////////////////// >;

6/> FIDDROKFAWKIO DBFMAOKVD KO BUFCJINAJ FJAVV$1CBOBÂWKIO > ///////////////////////////////// >;6/>/1 Wac uiurjawkio daoacbdbow iub~awkiov/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >;

6/6 VBJBFW FIDDAOG VBW DBFMAOKVD/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 616/7 KOPBOWI^[ FIDDAOG VBW DBFMAOKVD/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6>6/2 FIDDAOG GBJKPB^[ WKDB/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 67

6/2/1 Fiddaog) V{dnij Kowb~paj/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 676/2/> ^@KG Fiddrokfawkio Fiogkwkio Wkdkoc/ ////////////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// // 62

6/0 ^BAVIO @I^ B]WBOGBG ^BVBA^FM/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 626/3

VRDDA^[/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 60


9/85

Wanjb i` fiowbowv

pkk

7 U~iuivbg aowk$fijjkvkio Ajci~kwmd//////////////////////////////////////// 637/1 ^BVBA^FM DBWMIG ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 637/> U^BJKDKOA^[ HOISJBGCB/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6=

7/>/1 Vjiw u~inankjkw{ fajfrjawkio/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6=7/>/> Fajfrjawkio i` fiogkwkio i` da}kdrd pajrb i` v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ ////////////// ///////// ///////// // 6;

7/6 FIOGKWKIOV WI AFMKBPB WMB DA]KDRD V[VWBD B@@KFKBOF[ /////////////////////////////////////////////// 6;7/6/1 Affr~awb bvwkdawkio i` wacv ///////// ///////// //////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //// 6;7/6/> Ordnb~ i` vjiwv bqraj wi ordnb~ i` wacv -O4o+ /////////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// ///// 6;

7/7 FIOPBOWKIOAJ AJCI^KWMD JKDKWAWKIOV *UÎUIVBG KGBA AOG UÎUIVBG VIJRWKIO/ //////// 6;7/7/1 Jkdkwawkiov i` fiopbowkioaj aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmdv//////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// 6;7/7/> U~iuivbg g{oadkf c~irukoc Kgba/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 717/7/6 U~iuivbg g{oadkf c~irukoc kgba jkdkwawkiov aog wmb obbg ì~ wmb obs auu~iafm///////// 7=7/7/7 U~iuivbg Vijrwkio -IG@VA+ XObs Auu~iafmT ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7;

7/2 UÎUIVBG VIJRWKIO IUWKDAJ G[OADKF @ÂDB$VJIWWBG AJIMA -IG@VA+ //////// ///////// ///// 257/2/1 Nafhc~irog //////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// // 257/2/> Kow~igrfwkio wi IG@VA //////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// //////// ///////// ///////// // 257/2/6 Da}kdrd v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ afmkbpanjb ì~ pa~kirv @~adb vk|bv-O+////////// ///////// ///////// // 217/2/7 Ajci~kwmd i` Iuwkdaj g{oadkf `~adb$vjiwwbg Ajima -IG@VA+/////////// //////// ///////// //////// 2>7/2/2 U~afwkfaj Fiovkgb~awkio/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 267/2/0 Uvbrgi figb ì~ `kogkoc iuwkdaj uak~ -Q*g+ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 267/2/3 Wac Ua~wkfkuawkio dbfmaokvd ko `~adb //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2=7/2/= Sm{ U~inankjkvwkf Auu~iafm //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 05

2 Ub~ì~daofb Aoaj{vkv aog ~bvrjwv //////////////////////////////////////// 012/1 UB^@I^DAOFB FIDUA^KVIO I@ FIOPBOWKIOAJ AOWK$FIJJKVKIO AJCI^KWMDV///////////////////// 01

2/1/1 Fijjkvkio ~awki fidua~kvio ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 012/1/> Wac kgbowk`kfawkio vjiwv rwkjk|awkio fidua~kvio ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0>

2/> UB^@I^DAOFB AOAJ[VKV I@ UÎUIVBG AOWK$AJCI^KWMD -IG@VA+ //////////////////////////////////// 062/>/1 Avvrduwkiov dagb //////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// //////// / 062/>/> V{vwbd b``kfkbof{ i` IG@VA ì~ o - 5 1555+ aog d4 7*0*= ///////////////////////////////////////// 06 2/>/6 V{vwbd b``kfkbof{ i` IG@VA ì~ o -515*555+ aog d47*=*1> /////////////////////////////////////// 07 2/>/7 Vkdrjawkio ~bvrjw fidua~kvio ì~ ordnb~ i` vjiwv ~bqrk~bg wi kgbowk`{ wacv ////////// //////// 022/>/2 Vkdrjawkio ~bvrjw fidua~kvio ì~ wac Kgbowk`kfawkioWkdb/ //////// ///////// //////// ///////// ///////// // 00

0 Fiofjrvkio/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0=0/1/1 Vrdda~{ aog Gkvfrvvkio ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0=0/1/> @rwr~b Si~h //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0=

^b`b~bofbv ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0;Auubogk} /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 31


10/85

Jkvw i` @kcr~bv

pkkk

Jkvw i` `kcr~bv@KCR^B 1$1/^@KG V[VWBD A^FMKWBFWR^B ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >

@KCR^B 1$>/^@KG V[VWBD DIGBJ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >

@KCR^B 1$6 MAOGMBJG ^@KG ^BAGB^*GII^ DIROWBG ^@KG ^BAGB^*WROOBJ ^@KG ^BAGB^ /////////// 6

@KCR^B 1$7/J@-1>2HM\+^@KGWAC *M@-16/20DM\+^@KGWAC*RM@-=0=DM\+^@KGWAC ////////// 6

@KCR^B 1$2/^@KG FIDDROKFAWKIO DIGBJ/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7

@KCR^B 1$0/^@KGFIDDROKFAWKIO JA[B^ -DAF+W^BB ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2

@KCR^B 1$3/^BAGB^ WI ^BAGB^ AOWK$FIJJKVKIO UÎWIFIJV/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0

@KCR^B >$1/AOWK$FIJJKVKIO AJCI^KWMD UA^WV/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 15

@KCR^B >$> NKOA^[ VBA^FM W^BB NAVBG ^@KG UÎWIFIJ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1>

@KCR^B >$6/@ÂDBG VJIWWBG AJIMA -@VA+/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1>

@KCR^B >$7/@VA NAVBG WÂOVDKVVKIO VFMBDB ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 16

@KCR^B >$2/NAVKF @ÂDB VJIWWBG AJIMA AJCI^KWMD ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 17

@KCR^B >$0/G@VA UÎFBVV @JIS GKACÂD/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 12

@KCR^B >$3/G[OADKF @ÂDB VJIWWBG AJIMA AJCI^KWMD/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 10

@KCR^B >$=/G@VA NAVBG WÂOVDKVVKIO VFMBDBV/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 10

@KCR^B >$;/UÎNANKJW[ I@ @KOGKOC BDUW[ VJIWV SKWM O410 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >5

@KCR^B >$15BVWKDAWBG B^Î^ ÂWKI FIDUA^VKIOX1;T/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >1

@KCR^B >$11/@KOGKOC FÎVV UIKOW OJ-JISB^ JKDKW+ AOG OR-RUUB^ JKDKW+ /////////////////////////////////////// >2

@KCR^B 6$1/B]ADUJB I@ BUFFJAVV$1CBOBÂWKIO >UÎWIFIJ/X1;T ////////////////////////////////////////////// >=

@KCR^B 6$>/Q$ AJCI^KWMD KO BUFCJINAJ FJAVV$1 CBOBÂWKIO >/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////// >;

@KCR^B 6$6/^BAGB^ AOG WAC IUBÂWKIOV AOG WACV VWAWBV//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 65@KCR^B 6$7/VWBUV I@ WAC KOPBOWI^[ AOG AFFBVV ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 67

@KCR^B 7$1/V[VWBD B@@KFKBOF[ SKWM GK@@B^BOW @ÂDB VK\BV/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 75

@KCR^B 7$>/V[VWBD B@@KFKBOF[ A@WB^ WAC CÎRUKOC ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 75

@KCR^B 7$6UÎNANKJKW[ FMBFH* @ÂDB VK\KOC AOG G[OADKF WAC CÎRUKOC N[ ^BAGB^/ /////////////// 72

@KCR^B 7$7/OI/ I@ WACV PV OI/ I@ VJIWV OBBGBG WI KGBOWK@[ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 70

@KCR^B 7$2/WAC KGBOWK@KFAWKIO RVKOC Q$AJCI^KWMD /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 73

@KCR^B 7$0/ORDNB^ I@ KOPBOWI^[ ÎROG FIDUA^KVIO/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7=

@KCR^B 7$3/UÎUIVBG VIJRWKIO CBOBÂJ @JIS GKACÂD/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 7;

@KCR^B 7$=/UÎUIVBG DBWMIG IPB^PKBS///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 21

@KCR^B 7$;/UVBRGI FIGB @I^ @KOGKOC IUWKDAJ UAK^ -Q*G+ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 22

@KCR^B 7$15/GK@@B^BOW UÎNANKJKW[ JBPBJV D @I^ Q46 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2=

@KCR^B 7$11/WAC UA^WKFKUAWKIO UÎFBGR^B KO FR^^BOW @ÂDB/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2;

@KCR^B 2$1/FIJJKVKIO ÂWKI FIDUA^KVIO I@ FIOPBOWKIOAJ AJCI^KWMDV ////////////////////////////////////// 01

@KCR^B 2$>/ORDNB^ I@ VJIWV OBBGBG WI KGBOWK@[ WMB WACV/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0>

@KCR^B 2$6/V[VWBD B@@KFKBOF[ PV/ORDNB^ I@ WACV SKWM D47*0*=/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////// 06

@KCR^B 2$7/V[VWBD B@@KFKBOF[ -O4515*555+ SKWM D47*=*1>/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 07

@KCR^B 2$2/ORDNB^ I@ VJIWV OBBG WI KGBOWK@[ WMB WACV / ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 02@KCR^B 2$0/KGBOWK@KFAWKIO WKDB FIDUA^KVIO/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 00


11/85

Jkvw i` Wanjbv

k}

JKVW I@ WANJBVWANJB >$1/IUWKDAJKW[ KOWB^PAJV @I^ WMB @ÂDB VK\B/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 13

WANJB >$>/O *O AOG D PAJRBV @I^ BG@VA ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >7

WANJB 6$1/AFFBVV FIDDAOG UAÂDBWB^VX1;T/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 61

WANJB 6$>/VBJBFW FIDDAOG UAÂDBWB^VX1;T/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 61

WANJB 6$6/QRB^[ FIDDAOG @KBJGVX1;T/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6>

WANJB 6$7/QRB^[ AGLRVW FIDDAOG @KBJGVX1;T/ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6>

WANJB 6$2/QRB^[ ^BUJ[ FIDDAOG @KBJGVX1;T/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

WANJB 6$0/WACV ^BUJ[ WI WMB QRB^[ FIDDAOG -Ô10+X1;T/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

WANJB 6$3/AFHFIDDAOGX1;T////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

WANJB 6$=/FIDDAOG)V[DNIJ KOWB^PAJ/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 62

WANJB

6$;/^@KGFIDDROKFAWKIO FIOGKWKIO KOWB^PAJ

/ ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 62WANJB 7$1/DA]KDRD V[VWBD B@@KFKBOF[ @I^ PA^KIRV O/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 21

WANJB 7$>/V[VWBD B@@KFKBOF[ @I^ PA^KIRV ORDNB^ I@ WACV SKWM DIVW VRKWANJB @ÂDB VK\B ///// 2>

WANJB 7$6/-Q*G+ WANJB @I^ PA^KIRV ORDNB^ I@ WACV O /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2=


12/85

Kow~igrfwkio

1

1 Kow~igrfwkio

^@KG vwaogv ì~ âgki `~bqrbof{ kgbowk`kfawkio/ Kw kv ao arwidawkf kgbowk`kfawkiowbfmoijic{ vadb jkhb av na~figb/ A na~figb rvbv a pkvraj vfao wi w~aovdkw gawa*

nrw ^@KG dahbv rvb i` ~agki sapbv smkfm gibv oiw ~bqrk~b jkob i` vkcmw/ ^@KGv{vwbdv rvb ^@KG wacv kovwbag i` na~figb smkfm a~b ~bag n{ a maog$mbjg~bagb~v* dirowbg ~bagb~v aog iwmb~ ^@KG kgbowk`kfawkio auujkfawkiov/

^@KG v{vwbdv a~b nbkoc rvbg ko vidb dali~ fiduaokbv aog i~caok|awkiov av anrvkobvv auujkfawkio* vrfm av vruuj{ fmako jickvwkfv/ Ko RV* ^@KG wbfmoijic{ kvc~iidkoc pb~{ àvw aog vidb dali~ fiduaokbv aog kogrvw~kbv a~b ois wacckocwmbk~ ciigv skwm ^@KGv ko i~gb~ wi ~bfi~g gawa arwidawkfajj{ smbo ciigva~~kpb/ Kw kv nbjkbpbg wmaw ko wmb oba~ `rwr~b wmb rvb i` ^@KG wbfmoijic{ skjjskgbvu~bag ko ajj wmb dali~ kogrvw~kbv i` wmb si~jg smbo wmb fivw i` wacv skjj nb

~bgrfbg wi ao affbuwanjb adirow/

1/1 Nafh c~irog

Wmb wb~d ^@KG ~b`b~v wi a fjavv i` vmi~w ~aocb kgbowk`kfawkio auujkfawkio kosmkfm wmb dako ur~uivb kv wi kgbowk`{ wmb ^@KG wac awwafmbg wi wmb inlbfw av kwbowb~v wm~ircm wmb ~aocb i` ^@KG ~bagb~ gbpkfb/ ^@KG wacv rvrajj{ wahb a pb~{vdajj adirow i` dbdi~{ wi vwi~b wmb koì~dawkio io wmbd aog bafm wac wahbvpb~{ vdajj wkdb wi nb ~bag - 2dv i~ bpbo di~b jbvv+ /Pa~kirv obs vwaoga~gvmapb nbbo kow~igrfbg smkfm ajjisv wmirvaogv i` wacv wi nb ~bag

vkdajwaobirvj{/

Ajj wmb ^@KG v{vwbdv fivkvw i` ^@KG wacv smkfm vwi~b ajj wmb koì~dawkio -jkhbbjbfw~iokf u~igrfw figb+ aog ~bagb~ ~bagv wmkv koì~dawkio aog ajvi mav wmbarwmi~kw{ wi s~kwb wi wmb wacv/ Wmb dako ur~uivb i` wmkv fmauwb~ kv wi ckpb aoipb~pkbs i` wmb ^@KG v{vwbdv a~fmkwbfwr~b* kwv si~hkoc aog wi u~ipkgb wmbwbfmokfaj nafhc~irog ì~ wmb ~bdakokoc fmauwb~v i` wmkv wmbvkv/ Sb nbcko skwmao ipb~pkbs io wmb ^@KG v{vwbd si~hkoc aog ub~ì~daofb* aog wmbo skjjgkvfrvv wmb divw fiddioj{ rvbg fawbic~{ i` ^@KG wacv k/b/ uavvkpb wacv kosmkfm wmb wac fiowakov a dkf~i fmku nrw rvbv wmb uisb~ `~id ~agki `~bqrbof{*

vi kw kv a nawwb~{ jbvv gbpkfb aog vi kv fajjbg uavvkpb wac/ Sb skjj aoaj{vb wmbsi~hkoc i` uavvkpb wacv* `rogadbowajj{ mis wi ~bgrfb wmb fijjvkio ~awki iùavvkpb wacv ko gbovb ^@KG bopk~iodobow/

1/> ^@KG v{vwbd a~fmkwbfwr~b

Wmb dako ua~wv i` ^@KG v{vwbd fiovkvw i` ^@KG wacv skwm a fk~frkw~{ ì~digrjawkio aog a oio$pijawkjb dbdi~{* aog ao ^@KG ~bagb~/ Wmb dkf~ifmkunavbg ^@KG wacv fao nb gkpkgbg ko wi wm~bb n~iag fawbic~kbv* afwkpb wacv* vbdk

uavvkpb wacv aog uavvkpb wacv/


13/85

Kow~igrfwkio

>

@kcr~b 1$1/^@KG v{vwbd a~fmkwbfwr~b

Uavvkpb wacv gioiw fiowako ao{ afwkpb w~aovdkwwb~ aog kowb~oaj nawwb~{ aog wmb{cbw wmb uisb~ `~id wmb dacobwkf `kbjg smkfm kv f~bawbg a~irog wmb wacv aowbooan{ wmb ^@ jkoh* smb~b av wmb afwkpb wacv mapb wmbk~ iso kowb~oaj afwkpbw~aovdkwwb~ aog kowb~oaj nawwb~{/ Wmb vbdk$uavvkpb wacv* rvb a nawwb~{ wi uisb~wmb dkf~ifmku* nrw wmb{ ~bj{ io wmb fiddrokfawkio `~id wmb ~b`jbfwbg uisb~/

Wmb ~bagb~ rvbv ^@ jkoh wi fiddrokfawb skwm wmb wacv* wmb ~bagb~ n~iag favw wmbko`i~dawkio wi ajj wmb wacv skwmko kwv ~aocb* wmb wac wmaw kv ~bag{ wi fiddrokfawbvbogv wmb rokqrb kgbowk`kfawkio figb fajjbg av BUF `i~ ao{ u~igrfw/ Wmb navkf^@KG digbj kv vmiso ko `kcr~b 1$>/

@kcr~b 1$>/ ^@KG v{vwbd digbj


14/85

Kow~igrfwkio

6

Vbpb~aj ua~adbwb~v a``bfw wmb ub~ì~daofb i` ^@KG v{vwbdv jkhb ~aocb* gawaw~aov`b~ ~awb* kgbowk`kfawkio vubbg i` wacv* jk`b wkdb i` wacv aog dbdi~{ i` wacv/Wmb ~aocb i` wacv gbubogv ruio wmb w{ub i` wacv nbkoc rvbg* ~bagb~ ~aocbc~bawb~ wmao 15 d kv ioj{ afmkbpanjb k` afwkpb i~ vbdk uavvkpb wacv a~b rvbgkovwbag i` uavvkpb wacv/ Wmb gawa w~aov`b~ ~awb nbwsbbo ~bagb~ aog wac pa~kbv

`~id `bs n{wbv wi mrog~bgv i` hkjin{wbv ub~ vbfiog/ Pa~kirv wac kgbowk`kfawkioajci~kwmdv mapb nbbo u~iuivbg ì~ kgbowk`{koc drjwkujb wacv wmaw a~b ko ^@KG~aocb* ciig ajci~kwmd vmisv àvw kgbowk`kfawkio vubbg kgbowk`{koc mrog~bgv i~wmirvaogv i` wacv ub~ vbfiog/ Afwkpb wacv aog vbdk uavvkpb wacv mapb jk`b rowkjwmb{ mapb boircm uisb~ ko wmb kowb~oaj nawwb~{ wi vruui~w wmbk~ fiddrokfawkioskwm ~bagb~ smkjb uavvkpb wacv a~b ioj{ afwkpb smbobpb~ wmb{ fidb kowi wmb~bagb~v ~aocb vi wmb{ mapb rojkdkwbg jk`b vuao nrw wmbk~ ~bag ~aocb kv ~bvw~kfwbg/

Gk``b~bow wacv da{ mapb gk``b~bow w{ubv i` dbdi~kbv skwm pa~kirv vk|bv smkfmgbubog ruio wmb rvb i` wacv rogb~ gk``b~bow u~igrfwv/ Wacv rvrajj{ mapb wsidako dbdi~kbv jkhb ~bag ioj{ dbdi~{ aog ~bag$s~kwb dbdi~{/ Wacv skwm ~bagioj{ dbdi~{ fidb ru ioj{ skwm kgbowk`kb~ smkfm kv u~ic~addbg gr~kocdaoràfwr~koc aog wmb wacv skwm ~bag$s~kwb dbdi~{ a~b ajvi fajjbg av s~kwbiofb aog ~bag pa~kirv wkdbv nbfarvb a`wb~ kw kv s~kwwbo iofb wmb dbdi~{ cbwvnjifhbg ì~ s~kwkoc/

@kcr~b 1$6 Maogmbjg ^@KG ~bagb~* Gii~ dirowbg ^@KG ~bagb~* Wroobj ^@KG ~bagb~

@kcr~b 1$7/ J@ -1>2hM|+ ^@KG Wac * M@ -16/20DM|+ @KG Wac * RM@ -=0=DM|+ ^@KG Wac


15/85

Kow~igrfwkio

7

1/6 Uavvkpb ^@KG Fiddrokfawkio Digbj/

Ko wmb u~bpkirv vbfwkio ^@KG v{vwbd sb~b n~iagj{ fawbcbi~k|bg ko wi wm~bbdako w{ubv/ Gbvukwb i` wmb àfw wmaw bafm i` wmb fawbic~{ mav pavw rvacbko bpb~{ga{ jk`b* nrw divw kdui~waowj{ uavvkpb ^@KG v{vwbdv a~b ois a ga{v cakokoc

di~b aog di~b rvb~v awwbowkio bvubfkaj{ ko kogrvw~kbv *nrvkobvv*vmiuukocda~wv*~iag wijjv*aokdaj wacv aog iwmb~ mirvb mijg kwbdv/Jis fivw aog mkcmb``kfkbof{ a~b wmb gbdaogv i` wmb fivwrdb~v* uavvkpb ^@KG v{vwbdv `rj`kjj niwmwmb gbdaogv* nrw wmb nkccbvw fmajjbocb fidbv smbo wmb~b a~b wmirvaogv i` wacvaog wmb{ ajj obbg wi nb kgbowk`kbg aw iofb hbbukoc wmb u~kpaof{ aog b``kfkbof{ i`bpb~{ wac kowafw/

Wmb ~bdakoc fmauwb~ i` wmkv wmbvkv skjj gbbuj{ ìfrv io mis wi kgbowk`{ ajj wmbwacv skwm nbwwb~ v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ aog mis sb fao kdu~ipb wmb kgbowk`kfawkiovubbg i` uavvkpb ^@KG v{vwbdv/ Wmb ub~ì~daofb i` aj~bag{ u~iuivbg dbwmigv

skjj nb gkvfrvvbg aog fidua~bg skwm ir~ obs u~iuivbg dbwmig smkfm ckpbvnbwwb~ kgbowk`kfawkio ub~ì~daofb aog v{vwbd b``kfkbof{/

Affi~gkoc wi wmb `~bqrbof{ i` iub~awkio* uavvkpb ^@KG v{vwbdv fao nb gkpkgbgko wi wmb ìjjiskoc fawbci~kbv oadbj{ J@-1>2 hM|+* M@-16/20DM|+ RM@ -=0=DM|+ aog >/7 CM| ^@KG v{vwbdv av vmiso ko @kc/ 1$6/ Ajj wmbvb `~bqrbof{naogv a~b rojkfbovbg ~agki `~bqrbof{ naogv/ Wmb ^@KG fiddrokfawkio digbjvmiso ko ko @kc/ 1$2 kv fiduawknjb skwm wmb KVI vwaoga~g 1=555$1/ Kw kv dagb i`wm~bb ja{b~v* wmb auujkfawkio* wmb fiddrokfawkio aog wmb um{vkfaj ja{b~ X1T/

@kcr~b 1$2/^@KG fiddrokfawkio digbj


16/85

Kow~igrfwkio

2

1/6/1 Auukfawkio ja{b~

Ajj wmb koì~dawkio gb`kobg n{ wmb rvb~ kv maogjbg n{ wmb auujkfawkio ja{b~/Wmkvfirjg nb wmb waccbg inlbfw koì~dawkio aog kw ajjisv wmb ~bagb~ wi b}w~afw wmbkoì~dawkio `~id wmb wacv gawanavb/ Wmb koì~dawkio firjg nb u~iwbfwbg bkwmb~

n{ w~aoì~dkoc wmb gawa nbì~b kw kv w~aovdkwwbg i~ n{ auuj{koc fb~wako fiogkwkiosmkfm k` dbw* ioj{ wmao wmb ~bagb~ kv ajjisbg wi affbvv wmb gawa/

1/6/> Fiddrokfawkio ja{b~ -DAF+

Dbgkrd affbvv fiow~ij -DAF+ u~ipkgbv wmb uivvknkjkw{ i` agg~bvvkoc aogfmaoobj affbvv fiow~ij dbfmaokvdv smkfm dahbv kw uivvknjb ì~ wmb vbpb~ajgbpkfbv awwafmbg wi wmb vadb um{vkfaj dbgkrd wi vma~b wmb vadb fmaoobj/ Kofavb i` Uavvkpb ^@KG v{vwbdv DAF ja{b~ gbajv skwm ~bagb~ wi ~bagb~ fijjkvkio*wac wi wac fijjkvkio aog ~bagb~ wi wac fijjkvkio X6T/

@kcr~b 1$0/ ^@KG Fiddrokfawkio ja{b~ -DAF+ W~bb


17/85

Kow~igrfwkio

0

^bagb~ wi ^bagb~ Aowk$fijjkvkio U~iwifijv/

A ~bagb~$~bagb~ fijjkvkio iffr~v smbo drjwkujb ~bagb~ w~aovdkw wi a wac * wmb wac

da{ oiw ~bvuiog wi ao{ ~bagb~ aw ajj/ Wmb~b a~b a jiw i` ~bagb~$~bagb~ aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv n~iagj{ fjavvk`kbg av WGDA navbg* FVDA navbg aog

@GDA navbg/ Fiji~ sapb X7T kv a WGDA navbg vfmbdb aog sav iob i` wmb`k~vw si~hv wi fiub skwm ~bagb~$ ~bagb~ fijjkvkio kvvrb/ Jkvwbo$nbì~b$wajh -JNW+kv a FVDA navbg vfmbdb smkfm sav vwaoga~gk|bg ko BWVK BO 65> >5=X0T/Drjwk$fmaoobj DAF -DFDAF+ u~iwifij X3T sav iob i` wmb `k~vw u~iwifij nrkjwio wmb navkv i` @GDA/

@kcr~b 1$3/ ^bagb~ wi ~bagb~ aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv

^bagb~ wi Wac Aowk$fijjkvkio U~iwifijv/

A ~bagb~ wi wac fijjkvkio iffr~v smbo wmb obkcmni~koc ~bagb~v vkcoaj kowb~`b~bvskwm wmb ~bvuiovb `~id iob i` wmb wac vkcoaj smkfm kv nbkoc ~bfbkpbg aw aoiwmb~~bagb~/ Cbob~ajj{* ~bagb~ wi wac aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv apikg wmb ~bagb~v wi wajhvkdrjwaobirvj{ aog iob i` wmb sa{v kv wi dahb wmb ~bagb~v aog wacv wi iub~awbio gk``b~bow `~bqrbofkbv/

Wac wi Wac Aowk$fijjkvkio U~iwifijv/

Wac wi wac fijjkvkio iffr~v smbo drjwkujb wacv ~bvuiog wi wmb vadb ~bagb~ aw wmbvadb wkdb/ ^@KG auujkfawkiov smb~b drjwkujb wacv mapb wi nb ~bagvkdrjwaobirvj{* wmb kgbowk`kfawkio vubbg aog wmb ub~ì~daofb kv c~bawj{

ko`jrbofbg n{ wmb DAF ajci~kwmd vbjbfwkio wmaw dahbv wmb fiow~ij ì~ wmbaffbvv wi wmb vma~bg ~agki fmaoobj/ Wac wi wac aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv fao nbn~iagj{ fjavvk`kbg ko wi wsi dako fawbci~kbv/ Ajima navbg aowk$fijjkvkiou~iwifijv aog W~bb navbg aowk$fijjkvkio/ Wmkv vrn$vbfwkio skjj ckpb ao ipb~pkbsi` wmb divw fiddioj{ rvbg DAF ja{b~ auu~iafmbv ~bca~gkoc drjwk$wac ^@KGu~iwifijv aog jawb~ ko wmb ob}w fmauwb~v sb skjj gbbuj{ ìfrv io Ajima navbg^@KG u~iwifij smkfm kv wmb navb ì~ ir~ obs u~iuivbg ^@KG aowk$fijjkvkioajci~kwmd/

-k+ Ajima Navbg Aowk$fijjkvkio U~iwifijvWmb divw fiddioj{ rvbg Ajima navbg aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmdv rvb wmb@~adbg vjiwwbg Ajima -@VA+ u~iwifijv /Ko @VA wmb ~bagb~ n~iagfavwv wmb


18/85

Kow~igrfwkio

3

koì~dawkio anirw wmb `~adb vk|b wi ajj wmb wacv ko wmb kopbowi~{ ~irog/ Wmb wacv~aogidj{ vbjbfw iob i` wmb vjiw smkfm kv rvbg wi ~bvuiog fiddaogv `~id wmb~bagb~/ Wmb~b firjg nb wm~bb uivvknkjkwkbv navbg io wmb wacv ~bvuiovb*vrffbvv`rj* kgjb aog fijjkvkio vjiwv/ Wmb vjiw kv vakg wi nb vrffbvv`rj k` ioj{ iobwac ~bvuiog wi wmb ~bagb~ rvkoc a vkocjb vjiw* kgjb smbo oi wac ~bvuiog rvkoc a

vjiw aog smbo di~b wmao iob wac rvb a vkocjb vjiw wi ~bvuiog wi wmb ~bagb~vfiddaog wmb vjiw kv vakg wi nb fijjkvkio vjiw/ @VA ajci~kwmdv a~b `r~wmb~gkpkgbg ko wi dao{ fawbci~kbv X=TX;Tsmkfm skjj nb gkvfrvvbg ko wmb ob}wfmauwb~v/

-kk+ W~bb Navbg U~iwifijv^@KG fiddrokfawkio u~iwifijv kofjrgb iob iwmb~ fawbci~{ i` drjwkujb affbvvvfmbdbv rvbg wi ~bvijpb fiowbowkio ko gbovb ^@KG bopk~iodbow/ Wmb~b a~b vrfmw~bb u~iwifijv wmaw gi oiw ~bqrk~b wmb wacv wi mapb dbdi~{/ Wmb ~bagb~ n~iag

favw a u~b`k} wi ajj wmb wacv aog wmivb KG dawfmbv skwm wmb u~b`k} ~bvuiog/ K` wmb~bujkbv a~b v{ofm~iok|bg wmb ~bagb~ fao bpbo gbwb~dkob wmb uivkwkio i` nkwfijjkvkiov/ Wmb wacv hbbu wmbk~ vwawb ko wmb dbdi~{ -afwkpb* wbdui~a~kj{komknkwbg* kopbowi~kbg+ aog wmb ~bagb~ ioj{ vbogv wmb ob}w nkw av kw w~apb~vbv wmbw~bb i` ajj wmb uivvknjb KGv/

1/6/6 Um{vkfaj Ja{b~/

Wmb um{vkfaj ja{b~ gb`kobv wmb ak~ kowb~àfb wmaw kofjrgbv wmb `~bqrbof{*

digrjawkio i` w~aovdkvvkio* gawa bofigkoc* wkdkocv aog vi io X1T/

1/7 Auujkfawkiov i` Uavvkpb ^@KGWmb~b a~b a jiw i` ^@KG auujkfawkiov X>5T* vidb i` wmbd a~b*

1+Arwidiwkpb $ Arwi$dahb~v mapb aggbg vbfr~kw{ aog fiopbokbofb kowi aoarwidinkjb n{ rvkoc ^@KG wbfmoijic{ ì~ aowk$wmb`w kddinkjk|b~v aoguavvkpb$bow~{ v{vwbdv/

>+Aokdaj W~afhkoc$ âofmb~v aog jkpbvwifh u~igrfb~v rvb ^@KGwbfmoijic{ wi dbbw b}ui~w ~bcrjawkiov aog iuwkdk|b jkpbvwifh pajrb/Skjg aokdajv a~b w~afhbg ko bfijickfaj vwrgkbv* aog dao{ ubwv wmaw a~b

waccbg a~b ~bwr~obg wi wmbk~ isob~v/

6+Avvbw W~afhkoc$ Mivukwajv aog uma~dafkbv dbbw wircm u~igrfwaffirowankjkw{ jbckvjawkio skwm ^@KG8 jkn~a~kbv jkdkw wmb`w aog hbbu niihvko fk~frjawkio di~b b``kfkbowj{8 aog vui~wv aog bowb~wakodbowbow~bu~bobr~v `kog wmaw .vda~w wkfhbwv. a~b wmbk~ wkfhbw wi a nbwwb~ niwwidjkob aog mauukb~ frvwidb~v/

7+ Fiowafwjbvv$ Njrb$fmku fiduaokbv vrfm av Adb~kfao B}u~bvv*B}}ioDinkj* aog Davwb~Fa~g rvb kooipawkpb ì~d/

2+ Vruuj{ Fmako $ Saj$Da~w* Wa~cbw* Nbvw Nr{* aog iwmb~ ~bwakjb~v mapb


19/85

Kow~igrfwkio

=

gkvfipb~bg wmaw ^@KG wbfmoijic{ fao hbbu kopbowi~kbv aw wmb iuwkdaj

jbpbj* ~bgrfb irw$i`$vwifh jivvbv* jkdkw vmiujk`wkoc* aog vubbg frvwidb~v

wm~ircm fmbfh$irw jkobv/

1/2 Wmbvkv Inlbfwkpb aog Wavhv

Grb wi ja~cb ordnb~ i` nbok`kwv kofjrgkoc mkcm vubbg kgbowk`kfawkio i` wmbinlbfwv* nbwwb~ v{vwbd b``kfkbof{* wmb rvb i` ^@KG v{vwbdv aw pa~kirv jbpbjvkofjrgkoc kogrvw~kbv jkhb wacckoc u~igrfwv ko pa~kirv vruuj{ fmako * dbgkfaj rvb*skjg aokdajv w~afhkoc aog vi io kv kof~bavkoc ga{ n{ ga{/ Grb wi kwv rvb`rjj`bawr~b i` sk~bjbvv kgbowk`kfawkio* ^@KGv fao kgbowk` pa~kirv inlbfwv ko kwvvi~~irogkoc aw iofb/ Misbpb~ smbo wmb ordnb~ i` inlbfwv wmaw obbg wi nbkgbowk`kbg kv ko a pb~{ ja~cb adirow wmb u~injbd i` fijjkvkio adioc pa~kirv wacviffr~ smkfm u~bpbowv wmb ^@KG v{vwbd `~id nbwwb~ ub~i~daofb/ Wmkv mav nbbo avb~kirv u~injbd ì~ pa~kirv ~bvba~fmb~v ì~ wmb javw iob gbfagb aog pa~kirv

kgbav mapb nbbo ckpbo ko i~gb~ wi fiub skwm wmkv u~injbd i` fijjkvkio/Smbo drjwkujb wacv a~b u~bvbow kovkgb wmb kowb~~~icawkio |iob i` a vkocjb ^@KG~bagb~ wmao a drjwkujb affbvv vfmbdb kv ~bqrk~bg wmaw skjj ajjis wmb ~bagb~ wiaffbvv wmb gawa `~id bafm wac/ Wmkv drjwkujb affbvv vfmbdb kv fajjbg av Aowk$fijjjvkio ajci~kwmd/ Wmb ^@KG ~bagb~ kv a uisb~ `rjj gbpkvb skwm boircm

dbdi~{ aog fidurawawkio uisb~ * smkjb ^@KG wacv bvubfkaj{ uavvkpb wacv a~bvdajj fk~frkwa~{ fmkuv skwm vdajj dbdi~{ aog oi kowb~oaj uisb~ vruuj{* wmb{wahb bob~c{ `~id wmb âgki vkcoaj ~agkawbg n{ wmb ~bagb~/ Smbo wmbvb wacv bowb~wmb ^@ `kbjg i` wmb ~bagb~ * wmb ~bagb~ n~iag favw a ~bqrbvw fiddaog wi ajj wmbwacv/ Bafm wac wmao vbogv kwv KG ruio ~bfbkpkoc wmb ~bqrbvw/^bagb~ fao jkvwbo

iob wac aw iob wkdb *k` di~b wmao iob wac w~avdkw wmbk~ KG aw wmb vadb wkdb wmaofijjkvkio iffr~v aog wmb KG obbg wi nb ~b$w~aovdkwwbg acako/ Wmb dako inlbfwkpbkv wi ~bag wmb ^@KG wacv drfm àvwb~ aog skwm c~bawb~ ~bjkankjw{/

Wmb~bì~b sb u~iuivbg a obs aowk fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd wi ipb~fidb wmkvu~injbd/ U~iuivbg aowk$ajci~kwmd rvbv u~inankjkvwkf auu~iafm ì~ wacv wiaffbvv wmb `~adb/ Wmb Qrb~{ i~ Qrb~{ Aglrvw uafhbw fiowakov niwm wmbua~adbwb~ Q aog U fajjbg `~adb affbvv u~inankjkw{* smkfm ~bu~bvbow wmb ~awki iòrdnb~ i` afwkpb wacv ko wmb fr~~bow `~adb wi wmb bvwkdawbg wiwaj ordnb~ i` wacvsmkfm ~bdako wi nb kgbowk`kbg ko wmb v{vwbd/ Bvwkdawkio i` ordnb~ i` ro~bag

wacv kv rugawbg a`wb~ bog i` bafm `~adb8 ua~adbwb~v Q aog U a~b fajfrjawbg aogkoì~dbg aw wmb nbckookoc i` bafm `~adb/ Dawmbdawkfaj aoaj{vkv aog fidurwb~vkdrjawkiov vmis wmaw wmb u~iuivbg Ajima afmkbpbv da}kdrd v{vwbdb``kfkbof{* rwkjk|bv jbvv ordnb~ i` vjiwv fidua~bg skwm iwmb~ ajci~kwmdv aogajvi wahbv jbvv kgbowk`kfawkio wkdb/

1/0 Wmbvkv Irwjkob

Wmb wmbvkv kv i~caok|bg av ìjjisv/


20/85

Kow~igrfwkio

;

Fmauwb~ > gbvf~knbv pa~kirv fiopbowkioaj ^@KG fiddrokfawkiou~iwifijv ì~ gbovb ^@KG obwsi~hv ko smkfm wmb dako ìfrv skjj nb io

Ajima navbg u~iwifijv/

Fmauwb~ 6 ckpbv ao ipb~pkbs i`BUFcjinaj fjavv$1 Cbo> vwaoga~g/

Fmauwb~ 7 fipb~v a obs u~iuivbg kgba aog u~iuivbg vijrwkio/ Navbgio wmb vwaoga~g ko fmauwb~ 6 a obs Ajima navbg aowk$fijjkvkioajci~kwmd kv u~iuivbg Iuwkdaj G{oadkf @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima

-IG@VA+/

Fmauwb~ 2 fipb~v wmb ub~ì~daofb aog aoaj{vkv i` wmb fiopbowkioajaog u~iuivbg ajci~kwmdv/


21/85

Fiddrokfawkio u~iwifijv i~ Gbovb @KG Obwsi~hv

15

> Fiddrokfawkio U~iwifijv ì~ Gbovb

^@KG Obwsi~hv

Wmkv fmauwb~ ckpbv a n~kb` ipb~ pkbs i` Ajima navbg aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv aog

wm~isv a jkcmw io aj~bag{ u~bvbow Ajima navbg u~iwifijv aog wmbk~ ub~ì~daofb/

>/1 Aowk$fijjkvkio U~iwifij ua~wv

Aoaj{vkv ì~ wmb aowk$fijjkvkio u~injbd fao nb gkpkgbg kowi wsi u~kda~{ ua~wv/

>/1/1 Affr~awb bvwkdawkio i` wmb ordnb~ i` wacv/

Wmb fiofb~o i` wmb `k~vw ua~w kv mis wi u~bfkvbj{ bvwkdawb wmb ordnb~ i` wacvaffi~gkoc wi wmb koì~dawkio i` kgjb* fijjkvkio* aog vrffbvv`rj w~aovdkvvkio/Vkofb aw jbavw wsi wacv a~b kopijpbg ko a fijjkvkio* a jis nirog dbavr~b fao nb

rvbg wi bvwkdawb wmb ordnb~ i` wacv/ Misbpb~* di~b u~bfkvb bvwkdawbv a~b~bqrk~bg wi kdu~ipb wac bvwkdawb ub~ì~daofb/

>/1/> Gbwb~dkoawkio i` Iuwkdaj `~adb jbocwm/

Wmkv ua~w kopijpbv gbwb~dkoawkio i` ao auu~iu~kawb `~adb jbocwm wi afmkbpbda}kdrd wm~ircmurw i~ fmaoobj b``kfkbof{ a`wb~ wmb ~bagb~ ì~bfavwv wmbordnb~ i` wacv/ Niwm ua~wv skjj a``bfw wmb aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv ub~ì~daofb/

@kcr~b >$1/ Aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd ua~wv/>/> Drjwk wac Uavvkpb ^@KG fiddrokfawkio u~iwifijv

Ko wmb u~bpkirv fmauwb~ av kw kv gkvfrvvbg wmaw wmb wac wi wac aowk$fijjkvkiou~iwifijv fao nb gkpkgbg ko wi wsi n~iag fawbci~kbv/ Wmbvb u~iwifijv mapb nbboaffbuwbg av KVI vwaoga~gv/ Wmb KVI 1=555$0 u~iwifijv mapb fiddrokfawkio~rjbv ì~ ak~ kowb~àfb smkfm vubfkfibv wmb fiddrokfawkio jkoh nbwsbbo a ~bagb~aog wacv kofjrgkoc a um{vkfaj ja{b~* a fijjkvkio a~nkw~awkio ajci~kwmd* fiddaogaog ~bvuiovb vw~rfwr~b* aog gawa$figkoc dbwmigijic{X11T/ Wmb~b a~b wm~bb w{ubvi` w{ub A* N* aog F ko wmb KVI 1=555$0 u~iwifijv/ Smkjb w{ub A aog w{ub F

agiuw AJIMA$navbg aowk$fijjkvkio vfmbdbv* w{ub N agiuwv a w~bb$navbgvfmbdbX15T/ Wmb jawbvw ^@KG vwaoga~g aooirofbg n{ KBF aog jawb~ io affbuwbg


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1>

@kcr~b >$> Nkoa~{ vba~fm w~bb navbg ^@KG u~iwifij

Wmb ub~ì~daofb i` nkoa~{ vba~fm w~bb u~iwifij kv affbuwanjb smbo wmb ordnb~i` wacv kv vdajj nrw k` aw wmb ba~j{ vwacb wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv ja~cb* wmb{ da{b}ub~kbofb uii~ ub~ì~daofb nbfarvb i` wmb savwacb i` dao{ wkdb vjiwv grb wifijjkvkio rowkj ajj wacv mapb nbbo kgbowk`kbg/

>/>/> Ajima Navbg ^@KG Aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifijv -Vwifmavwkf digbj+

Ko wmkv vbfwkio dali~ ìfrv skjj nb iob i` wmb wm~bb pa~kaowv i` wmb fijjkvkio~bvijrwkio u~iwifij Ajima smkfm a~b ni~~isbg `~id wmb fjavvkfaj obwsi~hkoc*aog wmbo gbvf~knb iob i` wmb divw kdui~waow pa~kaow -@VA+ ajioc skwm kwvb}wbovkiov wmaw mapb nbbo vrccbvwbg wi dahb kw di~b auujkfanjb wi ^@KGv{vwbd/

@~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima -@VA+/

A @~adb$Vjiwwbg Ajima u~iwifij kv nrkjw n{ auuj{koc gkvf~bwb wkdb gkpkvkio iobvwbu `r~wmb~ aog n{ c~irukoc vbpb~aj vjiwv kowi `~adbv* skwm O vjiwv ko bafm`~adb av vmiso ko @kc/>$>/

@kcr~b >$6/ @~adbg Vjiwwbg Ajima -@VA+/

Wmb `~adb Ajima kv wmb digk`kbg ì~d i` vjiwwbg Ajima aog kv b}wbovkpbj{ rvbgko DAF u~iwifijv ko wmb gbvkcokoc i` pa~kirv ^@KG aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmdv/Ko oi~daj vwaoga~g @VA u~iwifijv wmb ~bagb~ n~iag favwv wmb `~adb vk|b wi ajjwmb wacv kovkgb wmb ~bagb~v `kbjg* smkfm ruio ~bfbkpkoc wmb `~adb vk|b ~aogidjfmiivb wmb vjiw wi ~bvuiog/Wmb dali~ àfwi~ gk``b~bowkawkoc wmb `~adbg vjiwwbgAJIMA `~id vwaoga~g vjiwwbg AJIMA kv wmaw wmb wacv a~b ub~dkwwbg iofb wiw~aovdkw wmbk~ KG ko a `~adb/ A`wb~ wmb bog i` bafm `~adb wmb ~bagb~ vbogv avmi~w v{ofm~iok|koc vkcoaj wi ajj wmb wacv aog a`wb~ wmb vrffbvv`rj w~aov`b~ i`bafm vjiw wmb ~bagb~ vbogv a vmi~w afhoisjbgcdbow wi ajj wmb wacv smkfm ajjisvwmb ob}w wac ko wmb `~adb wi vwa~w vbogkoc uafhbw/ Pa~kirv @VA vfmbdbvX=TX;Ta~b gkvfrvvbg ko wmb ob}w vbfwkio/

Ir~ dako ìfrv skjj nb io @VA av kw kv wmb navkv ì~ ir~ u~iuivbg aowk$fijjkvkio

ajci~kwmd smkfm skjj nb gkvfrvvbg ko wmb jawb~ fmauwb~v i` wmb wmbvkv/


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>/6 @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima -@VA+ navbg w~aovdkvvkiofiow~ij Vw~awbckbv/

@~adbg vjiwwbg Ajima u~iwifijv a~b ajvi fajjbg av u~inankjkvwkf u~iwifijv/ Kowmbvb u~iwifijv wmb wacv a~b kgbowk`kbg rogb~ wm~bb umavbv/ Wmb fi~vw umavb kvfajjbg wmb agpb~wkvbdbow umavb* Wmb vbfiog umavb kv wmb w~aovdkvvkio umavb aogwmb wmk~g kv wmb afhoisjbgcbdbow umavb/

@kcr~b >$7/@VA navbg w~aovdkvvkio vfmbdb

Ko wmb agpb~wkvbdbow umavb wmb ~bagb~ n~iagfavwv wmb wiwaj `~adb vk|b wi ajj wmb

wacv ko wmb kopbowi~{*wmkv `~adb vk|b kofjrgbv wiwaj ordnb~ i` vjiwv ko a `~adb/Wmb wac ~aogidj{ vbjbfwv iob i` wmb vjiw ko wmkv `~adb aog w~aovdkwv kw kgbowkwk{/K` di~b wmao wsi wacv fmiivb wmb vadb vjiw wmao rjwkdawbj{ fijjkvkio skjj iffr~smkfm skjj ~bvrjw ko wmb savwacb i` wmb vjiw/Aoiwmb~ favb ì~ wmb vjiw wi nbsavwbg kv smbo oiob i` wmb wac fmiivb wmb vjiw ì~ kwv w~aovdkvvkio* misbpb~ wmb`k~vw favb mauubov smbo wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv c~bawb~ wmao wmb ordnb~ i` vjiwvaog wmb vbfiog iob iffr~v smbo wmb wacv a~b jbvv wmao wmb vjiwv/ Wmb vjiwv wmawiffru{ lrvw iob wac acakovw bafm vjiw a~b vakg wi nb av vrffbvv`rjj vjiwv/Ko wmbwmk~g umavb i` w~aovdkvvkio wmb ~bagb~ koì~dv wmb wac smbawmb~ k` kwvw~aovdkvvkio kv vrffbvv`rj i~ oiw/ Wmbvb ajj wm~bb vwbuv a~b fiddio ì~ ajj wmb

@VA navbg u~iwifijv * misbpb~ wmb{ gkstb~ ko wmb sa{ ko smkfm wmb{ vbjbfw wmb`~adb vk|b aog wmb sa{ wacv a~b vbjbfwbg wi ~bvuiog/ Affi~gkoc wi aglrvwdbow i``~adb vk|b aog ordnb~ i` wacv * wmb @VA ajci~kwmdv a~b gkpkgbg ko wi wsi n~iagfawbci~kbv smkfm a~b gkvfrvvbg ko wmb ìjjiskoc vrnvbfwkiov/

>/6/1 Navkf @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima -N@VA+

N@VA kv ajvi vidbwkdbv fajjbg av Vwawkf `~adb vjiwwbg ajima/ Wmbvbajci~kwmdv mapb a `k}bg `~adb vk|b aog wmb `~adb vk|b kv oiw fmaocbg rowkj ajjwmb wacv mapb nbbo kgbowk`kbg/ Wmb ^@KG ~bagb~ koì~dv ajj wmb wacv wmaw a~b ko

wmb ~bagb~v ~aocb anirw wmb `~adb vk|b aog wmb ~aogid ordnb~v/ Wmb wacv vbjbfwwmb ~aogid vjiw ordnb~ aog rvb wmkv vjiw wi ~bvuiog wi wmb ~bagb~ n{ vbogkoc


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Ko G@VA wmb `~adb vk|b kv aglrvwbg affi~gkoc wi wmb ordnb~ i` ro~bag wacv KoG@VA wmb ~bagb~ aglrvwv wmb `~adb vk|b ì~ wmb ob}w `~adb affi~gkoc wi wmbkoì~dawkio `~id wmb u~bpkirv `~adb smkfm kofjrgbv wmb ordnb~ i` fijjkvkiovjiwv* kgjb vjiwv aog wmb vrffbvv`rj vjiwv/

@kcr~b >$0/ G@VA u~ifbvv @jis gkac~ad

Ko G@VA wmb ~bagb~ fao fiow~ij wmb drjwkujb wac affbvv dbwmig smkfm kofjrgbvkokwkajk|koc wmb fiddrokfawkio* fiow~ij i` wmb ~bag u~ifbvv* aog gbajkoc skwm~bvuiovbv `~id pa~kirv wacv/ Ko G@VA aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd* wmb ~bag f{fjb kvkokwkawbg n{ wmb ~bagb~ n{ n~iagfavwkoc wmb ~bqrbvw fiddaog wi ajj wmb wacv kowmb kopbowi~{ ~irog/ Wmb ~bqrbvw kofjrgbv wmb `~adb vk|b `~id smkfm wmb wacv~aogidj{ vbjbfw a vjiw ordnb~ ko i~gb~ wi ~buj{ wi wmb ~bagb~/ Wmb~b fao nb wm~bbhkog i` vkwrawkiov ~bca~gkoc wmb irwfidbv ì~ wmb vjiw k/b/ kgjb* vrffbvv`rj*fijjkvkio/ A`wb~ iob ~bag f{fjb kv `kokvmbg wmb ~bagb~ invb~pbv wmb bduw{ vjiwv*vrffbvv`rj vjiwv* aog fijjkvkio vjiwv/ Gbubogkoc io wmb ordnb~ i` wmb fijjkvkiovjiwv * vrffbvv`rj aog kgjb vjiwv wmb ~bagb~ fajfrjawbv wmb ordnb~ i` wacv aog

~bagb~ gbfkgbv wmb ob}w auu~iu~kawb `~adb vk|b ì~ wmb ob}w ~bag f{fjbgbubogkoc io wmbvb ordnb~ i` wacv wi nb ~bag/ Gbubogkoc io wmb fijjkvkiou~inankjkw{ smkfm k` c~bawb~ wmao wmb ruub~ jkdkw wmao wmb ~bagb~ kof~bavbv wmb`~adb vk|b aog k` kw kv vdajjb~ wmao wmb jisb~ jkdkw* wmao wmb ~bagb~ ~bgrfbv wmb`~adb vk|b/ Wmbvb u~ifbvvbv fiowkorirv rowkj ajj wmb wacv mapb nbbo vrffbvv`rjj{kgbowk`kbg/ Gbubogkoc ruio wmb ordnb~ i` fijjkvkio vjiwv wmb ordnb~ i` wacv faonb hois jkhb k` fijjkvkio vjiwv a~b c~bawb~ wmao ordnb~ i` wacv skjj nb ja~cbfidua~bg wi wmb ordnb~ i` vjiwv aog k` kgjb vjiwv a~b di~b wmao wmb ordnb~ i`wacv skjj nb vdajj fidua~bg skwm ordnb~ i` vjiwv/


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@kcr~b >$3/G{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg ajima ajci~kwmd/

>/7 G{oadkf @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima -G@VA+ navbgw~aovdkvvkio vfmbdbv/

Pa~kirv G@VA vfbmbdv mapb nbbo u~iuivbg skwm wmb uavvacb i` wkdb/Ko wmkvvbfwkio/ Wmbvb vfmbdbv fao n~iagj{ nb fawbcbi~k|bg ko wi wsi n~iag fawbici~kbvskwm `k~vw fawbcbi~{ av G{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg ajima `~adb vk|koc vfmbdbv wmawskjj ~bpkbsbg rogb~ vrnvbfwkio >/6/1aog w~{ wi ìfrv io Picw dbwmigX11TX1>T*fmbo aog Jko dbwmigX13T* vfmirwbv nafhjic bvwkdawkio wbfmokqrb aog jisb~nirog nafh jic bvwkdawkio wbfmokqrbX17T aog na{bvkao dbwmigX12T/ Vbfiog

fawbcbi~{ hoiso av G{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg ajima `~adb vk|koc ajioc skwm Wacc~irukoc vfmbdbv ko smkfm sb skjj ìfrv io Bomaofbg groadkf `~adb vjiwwwbgajima - BG@VA +X=T* Kdu~ipbg g{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg ajima -KG@VA+X;T *B``kfkbow g{oadkf `~adb vjiwwg ajima/

@kcr~b >$=/G@VA navbg w~aovdkvvkio vfmbdbv/

G{oadkf @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima @~adb Vk|koc Vfmbdbv/

G{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg Ajima -G@VA+ kv iob i` wmb divw fiidioj{ rvbgvfmbdbv ì~ pa~kirv ^@KG v{vwbdv/ Bafm wac ~aogidj{ vbjbfwv a vjiw wi w~aovdkwkwv gawa vi wmb àfwi~v wmaw c~bawj{ agg wi wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbo{ a~b `~adb vk|b aogordnb~ i` wacv -wac uiurjawkio+/Wmb vk|b i` wmb `~adb kv aglrvwbg affi~gkoc wiwac uiurjawkio/ Wmb ~bga~ gioiw mapb ao{ koì~dawkio anirw wmb wac uiurjawkiovi kw gbfkgbv wmb `~adb vk|b io wmb navkv i` fijjkvkio ~awki aog kgjb vjiw ~awki/Wmbvfmbdbv wmaw bvwkdawb wmb ordnb~ i` wacv io wmb navkv i` fijjkvkio aog kgjb vjiw

~awki aog wmao aglrvw wmb `~adb vk|b afii~gkoc wi wmbvb a~b gkvfrvvbg nbjis/


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>/7/1 Vfmirwb Nafhjic Bvwkdawkio wbfmokqrb/

Vfmirwb -1;=6+ u~iuivbg a G@VA dbwmig X17T rvkoc uikvvio gkvw~knrwkio/Vfmirwbv nafhjic bvwkdawkio wbfmokqrb drjwkujkbv wmb ordnb~ i` fijjkvkio vjiwvko a `~adb n{ wmb b}ubfwbg pajrb i` >/6; wacv ub~ fijjkvkio vjiw wi bvwkdawb wmb

ordnb~ i` rokgbowk`kbg wacv/ ->$1+

smb~b f ~bu~bvbowv wmb ordnb~ i` fijjkvkio vjiwv ko a `~adb /Wmkv dbwmigvmisv ciig ~bvrjwv smbo wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv fjivb wi ordnb~ i` vjiwv/Misbpb~ wmb ub~ì~daofb nbfidbv uii~b~ smbo wmb gk``b~bofb nbwsbbo wacvaog vjiwv kof~bavbv/

>/7/> Jisb~ Nirog nafhjic bvwkdawkio wbfmokqrb/

Jisb~ nirog nafhjic wac bvwkdawkio dbwmig vwawbv wmaw wmb bvwkdawkio `rofwkiokv inwakobg skwm wmb avvrduwkio wmaw a fijjkvkio kopijpbv aw jbavw wsi gk``b~bowwacv X17T / Vi nafhjic a`wb~ wmb ~bfbow `~adb kv ckpbo av

->$>+>/7/6 Picw dbwmig/

a/ Wac bvwkdawkio vfmbdb

Picw u~iuivbg wi rvb wmb pbfwi~ gkvwaofb nbwsbbo wmb ~bag ~bvrjw aog wmb

b}ubfwbg pajrb pbfwi~ wi gbwb~dkob wmb wac qraowkw{ X11TX1>T/ Av ì~ bpb~{fijjkvkio vjiw wsi wacv a~b kopijpbg vi jisb~ niog ì~ wac qraowkw{ kv ckpbo av

->$6+Jisb~ niog nafhjic bvwkdawkio mav nbbo gkvfrvvbg ko wmb u~bpkirv vbfwkio/ Ko->$6+ kv wmb ordnb~ i` vjiwv skwm iob wac bafm -vrffbvv`rj vjiwv+ aog kv wmbordnb~ i` vjiwv skwm drjwkujb wacv -fijjkvkio vjiwv+/ Picw rvbg wmb Da~hipu~ifbvv wi gbfkgb wmb `~adb vk|b ko bafm ~irog f{fjb aog digbjbg a fidujbwb~bag u~ifbvv/

n/ @~adb vk|b bvwkdawkio vfmbdbWmb `~adb vk|bv a~b gbfkgbg io wmb navkv i` jisb~ aog ruub~ pajrbv i` o/Wmbvb jisb~ aog ruub~ ~aocb pajrbv a~b ckpbo av /K` o kv kowmb ~aocb wmao wmb `~adb vk|bv O a~b gbfkgbg `~id wmb wanjb av/

Vjiwv -O+ 1 7 = 10 6> 07 1>= >20

Jis $ $ $ 1 15 13 21 11>

Mkcm $ $ $ ; >3 20 1>;

Wanjb >$1/Iuwkdajkw{ kowb~pajv ì~ wmb `~adb vk|b/


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Picw fiofbo~awbg io wmb vwawkf wac kgbowk`kfawkio u~ifbvv ko smkfm wmb ui~fbvvi` wac kgbowk`fawkio fidbv wi majw/ Wmb wiwaj wkdb wi fidurwb ajj wmb ~bag f{fjbvskwm avvr~aofb jbpbj -u~inankjw{+ kv ckpbo n{ wmb ìjjsikoc bqrawkio

->$7+

Smb~b kv wmb dkokdrd ordnb~ i` ~bag f{fjbv* kv wmb u~inankjkw{ ~bqrk~bg wikgbowk` ajj wmb wacv o/ Picw rvbg wmb u~inankjkvwkf dbwmig wi fajfrjawb iuwkdaj~bvrjwv/ Wmb bqrawkio ->$2+ rvbg wi fajfrjawb wmb iuwkdaj `~adb vk|b kv ckpbo av/

->$2+Ko Bq/->$2+ Q kv wmb w~aovkwkio u~inankw daw~k} ì~ wmb ordnb~ i` wacv wmawa~b gbwbfwbg gr~koc wmb `k~vw ~bag ffjb* v kv wmb wiwaj ordnb~ i` ~bag ffjbv

obbgbg wi kgbowk`{ ajj wmb wacv * q-5+ kv wmb kokwaj gkvw~knrwkio `rofwkio aogfiowakov wmb u~inanjkwkbv ì~ kgbowk`{koc ordnb~ i wacv a`wb~ v ~bag ffjbv

X11T aog kv wmb affr~af{ jbpbj bvwkdawi~ smkfm mapb nbbo i`wbo vbw ko wmb~aocb `~id 5/;2 wi 5/;;/ Picw ub~ì~dbg wmb fidurwawkiv ì~ wmb ~aocb `~id

4 5/;2 wi 45/;; aog ìrog irw wmaw wmb wkdb wi kgbowk`{ ajj wmb wacv kof~babvjkoba~j{ skwm wmb kof~bavkoc ordnb~ i` wacv av vmiso ko @kc/>$;/

@kcr~b >$; Wkdb ~bqrk~bdbow ì~ 4 5/;;Wmkv dbwmig ~bqrk~bv ja~cb fidurwawkioaj jiag wi `kog wmb dkokdrd pajrb i`wmb pbfwi~ gkvwaofb/

>/7/7 \mak aog Saoc wsi `rofwkio bvwkdawkio ajci~kwmd/

\mak aog Saoc X10T rvbg wmb nkoidkaj gkvw~knrwkio `rofwkio ko i~gb~ wi

fajfrjawb wmb bvwkdawkio `rofwkiov vbub~awbj{ ì~ fijjvkio * kgjb aogvrffbvv`rj vjiwv /Wmb nkoidkaj gkvw~knrwkio `rofwkio kv ckpbo av

->$0+


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1;

Aog wiwaj ordnb~ i` vjiwv iffrkbg n{ ~ ordnb~ i` wacv kv ckpbo av*

->$3+@k~vw Bvwkdawkio @rofwkio kv inwakobg rvkoc Bq/ ->$6+ `~id smb~b ordnb~ i`wacv a~b fajfrjawbg av gkvfrvvbg ko picw dbwmig aog wmb vbfiog bvwkdawkio`rofwkiov a~b ckpbo n{ Bq/->$0+ aog Bq/->$6+/Wmbvb bvwkdawkio `rofkiov a~bckpbo av*

->$=+

Wmbvb `rofwkiov sb~b rvbg wi fajfrjawb wmb b}ibfwbg pajrbv i` -**+ aogsmkfm sb~b rvbg wi fajfrjawb wmb vrffbvv`rj ~bagkoc ~awb `~id wmb bqrawkiockpbo nbjis/ ->$;+>/7/2 Fmbo aog Jko Dbwmigv/

Fmbo aog Jko dbwmig X1;Tnavkfajj{ fidu~kvbv i` wsi dako ua~wv / @k~vw iob kv wi

fajfrjawb bvwkdawb wmb ordnb~ i` wacv affi~gkoc wi wmb W~kujb ua~adbwb~-B*V*F+/ A`wb~ wmb `k~vw ~bag f{fjb kv fidujbwbg wmb ~bagb~ ois fao bvwkdawb wmbordnb~ i` fijjkvkio* kgjb aog vrffbvv`rj vjiwv av* ->$15+Wmb iwmb~ ua~w kv wi bvwkdawb wmb iuwkdaj `~adb vk|b ko i~gb~ wi awwako da}kdrdv{vwbd b``kfkbof{/ A sbjj hois @bjjb~ bqrawkio `~id smkfm sb fao cbw wmbu~inankjw{ i` `kogkoc b}afwj{ O vjiwv acakovw o wacv/ Wmkv kv vadb av vkwrawkio i`d ni}bv wmaw obbg wi `kw h najjv ko wmbd/Wmkv bqrawkio kv ckpbo av/

->$11+a/ Wac Bvwkdawkio vfmbdbv/

Fmbo aog Jko rvbg wsi dbwmigv wi bvwkdawb wmb ordnb~ i` wacv/ @k~vw iob savwi bvwkdawb wacv io wmb navkv i` bduw{ vjiwv a`wb~ iob ~bag f{fjb/@~id Bq/ ->$11+ sb fao gb~kpb wmb u~inankjw{ i` `kogkoc bduw{ vjiwv av*

->$1>+


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>5

Fmbo aog Jko fajfrjawbg ordnb~ i` wacv o rogb~ a fiogkwkio ì~ wmb da}kdrd

u~inakjw{ ì~ wmb ckpbo pajrb i` O aog bduw{ vjiwv b/ @i~ b}adujb k` wmb `~adbjbocwm kv 10 aog wmb~b a~b = bduw{ vjiwv wmao wmb Bq ->$1>+ fao nb rvbg wi

fajfrjawb wmb u~inankjw{ i` `kogkoc wmb bduw{ vjiwv pb~vbv wmb ordnb~ i` wacv av

vmiso ko c~aum/

@kcr~b >$;/U~inankjw{ i` `kogkoc bduw{ vjiwv skwm O410

@~id wmb c~aum kw kv vbbo wma wmb da}kdrd u~inankjw{ ifrr~v aw o415 vi wmbordnb~ i` wacv wmb{ bvwkdawbg sav 15 ì~ a ckpbo `~adb/

Wmb vbfiog dbwmig sav navbg io wmb apb~acb pajrb i` bduw{ vjiwv b aogvrffbv`rjj vjiwv v/ Rvkoc nkoidkaj gkvw~knrwkio `rofwkio smkfm ckpbv ordnb~ i`wacv ì~ a ckpbo vjiw skwm wmb u~inankjkw{ i` 1)O/ Vi u~inankjw{ i` `kogkoc ~ wacvko a vjiw kv ckpbo av/

->$16+Wmb b}ubfwbg ordnb~ i` bduw{ vjiwv kv fajfrjawbg `~id Bq/ ->$16+

->$17+

Aog wmb b}ubfwbg ordnb~ i` vrffbv`rj vjiwv kv ckpbo av* ->$12+Vijpkoc Bq/->$17+ aog Bq/->$12+ wmb{ inwakobg wmb ìjjsikoc bqrawkio

->$10+Wmb~b ì~b wmb ordnb~ i` ro~bag wacv sb~b inwakobg n{ vrnw~afwkoc wmbvrffbv`rj vjiwv `~id wmb ordnb~ i` wacv ìrog anipb ko Bq ->$10+

->$13+


32/85


>1

@kcr~b >$15 Bvwkdawbg B~~i~ ~awki fidua~vkioX1;T/

@~id wmb c~aum ko @kc/>$15 sb fao vbb wmaw av wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv kof~bavkocwmb b~~i~ ~awb ì~ Jis nirog dbwmig kv kof~abvkoc b}uioaowkaj{/Fmbo Jkodbwmig 1 vmisv nbww~b~ ub~ì~doafb fidua~bg wi Picw bpbo skwm mkcmb~ordnb~ i` wacv smkjb Fmbo Jko dbwmig > ub~ì~daofb kv fiovkgb~anjb uii~fidua~bg skwm Picw aog dbwmig 1 a~ mkcm~ ordnb~ i` wacv/ Smbo wmb~b a~b 655wacv wmb c~aum vmisv mkcmb~ b~~i~ ~awb ì~ Fmbo Jko dbwmig >fidua~bg skwmdbmwig 1 aog Picw/

n/ Iuwkdaj `~adb vk|b vbjbfwkio vfmbdbv/

Fmbo aog Jko u~iuivbg wsi dbwmigv wi bvwkdawb wmb iuwkdawb `~adb vk|b ì~ wmbckpbo pajrbv i` o/@~id Bq/ ->$11+ wmb{ fajfrjawbg wmb u~inankjw{ i` b}afwj{ dvjiwv iffrukbg n{ ioj{ iob wac/

->$1=+Ko wmkv Bq/->$1=+ h sav ~bujafbg skwm 1 ì~ vrffbv`rj vjiwv* vi wmb b}ubfwbgpajrb i` vrffbv`rj vjiwv kv ckpbo av*

->$1;+V{vwbd b``kfkbow)fmaoobj rvacb kv gb`kobg av ordnb~ i` vrffbv`rj vjiwv gkpkgbgn{ wmb wiwaj ordnb~ i` vjiwv -O+ i~ `~adb vk|b/

->$>5+Wmkv ~bjawkio ckpbv wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ ko affi~gaofb skwm wmb `~adb vk|b/

Fmbo aog Jko capb aoiwmb~ dbwmig wi gb~kpb wmb iuwkdaj `~adb vk|b/Bq/->$16+ fao nb rvbg wi fajfrjawb wmb u~inankjw{ ì~ wmb vrffbv`rjjw~aovdkvvkio/


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>>

->$>1+Wmb ~bjawkio nbwsbbo o aog O fao nb ìrog n{ wahkoc wmb gb~kpawkpb i` Bq/->$>1+ ì~ smkfm wmb v{vwbd)fmaoobj b``kfkbof{ kv da}kdrd/

->$>>+Vi a`wb~ vijpkoc Bq/->$>>+ kw kv ìrog wmaw wmb da}kdrd v{vwbd b``kfkbo{ iffr~vaw o4O

>/2 G{oadkf @~adb Vjiwwbg Ajima -G@VA+ @~adbVk|koc skwm Wac C~irukoc Vfmbdbv/

Wmb ub~ì~daofb i` wmb v{vwbd -v{vwbd b``kfkbof{+ kv c~bawj{ gbc~agbg smbowmb~b a~b ja~cb ordnb~ i` wacv fidua~bg skwm wmb `~adb vk|b* ba~j{ ~bvba~fm savgiob ko i~gb~ wi kof~bavb wmb `~adb vk|b affi~gkoc wi wmb ordnb~ i` wacv* nrw`~adb vk|b mav jkdkwawkiov vi smbo wmb~b a~b rojkdkwbg ordnb~ i` wacv wmaoordnb~ i` wacv ajvi obbg wi nb aglrvwbg ajioc skwm `~adb vk|b/ Wmb wacaglrvwdbow kv giob n{ c~irukoc wmb wacv adioc c~iruv -`~adbv+ i` vadb vk|bvhoiso av vwawkf c~irukoc i~ n{ gkpkgkoc wmb wacv adioc c~iruv -`~adbv+ i`gk``b~bow vk|bv hoiso av g{oadkf c~irukoc/ Niwm wmbvb vfmbdbv a~b gkvfrvvbgko wmb ìjjiskoc vrn$vbfwkio/

>/2/1 Vwawkf Wac c~irukoc vfmbdb/

Ko vwawkf wac c~irukoc wacv a~b c~irubg ko `~adbv aog wmao a~b kgbowk`kbg c~irun{ c~iru/ Smbo wmb~b a~b pb~{ ja~cb ordnb~ i` wacv wmao wmb~b a~b vbpb~aj`~adbv ì~ iob c~iru/ Vwawkf wac c~irukoc vfmbdb gkpkgbv wmb wacv ko wi `~adbvsmkfm hbbuv wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ iuwkdaj i~ fjivb wi wmb iuwkdaj nrw nbvkgbvwmkv kw mav pa~kirv gkvagpaowacbv/ Wmb ajci~kwmd wmaw fipb~v vwawkf c~irukocauu~iafm kvBomaofbg g{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg Ajima -BG@VA+/

Bomaofbg G{oadkf @~adb vjiwwbg Ajima -BG@VA+/

Affi~gkoc Fmbnvmbpv kobqrajkwX11T* wmb irwfidb i` a ~aogid b}ub~kdbowkopijpkoc a ~aogid pa~kanjb ] kv divw jkhbj{ vidbsmb~b oba~ wmb b}ubfwbg pajrb i`]/ Wmrv bvwkdawkio `rofwkio dbavr~bv wmb gk``b~bofb nbwsbbo wmb ~baj ~bvrjwv aog wmbb}ubfwbg pajrbv wi bvwkdawb wmb ordnb~ i` wacv ì~ smkfm gk``b~bofb nbfidbv dkokdaj

->$>0+Wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv bvwkdawbg rvkoc niwm wmb ordnb~ i` vjiwv O rvbg ko wmb~bag f{fjb aog wmb ~bvrjwv i` wmb u~bpkirv ~bag f{fjb av a w~kujb i` ordnb~v

wmaw qraowk`{ ~bvubfwkpbj{ wmb bduw{ vjiwv* vjiwv `kjjbg skwm iob wac*

aog vjiwv skwm fijjkvkio av Bqrawkio->$>0+ aog ~bvubfwkpbj{


34/85


>6

gboiwb wmb b}ubfwbg ordnb~ i` bduw{ vjiwv* vjiwv `kjjbg skwm iob wac* aog vjiwvskwm fijjkvkio smb~b wmb ordnb~ i` vjiwv kv O aog wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv o/Ckpbo O vjiwv aog o wacv* wmb ordnb~ 5* 1* ~ i` wacv ko iob vjiw kv nkoidkajj{gkvw~knrwbg* aog wmb b}ubfwawkio pajrb ì~ wmbd kv ckpbo n{ wmb ìjjisBqrawkio->$>3+X=T/

->$>3+Sb fao cbw Bqrawkio ->$>=+ n{ vijpkoc Bqrawkio ->$>3+ rogb~ wmb fiogkwkiosmbo sb mapb iob wac acakovw bafm vjiw/

->$>=+Wmb Bqrawkio ->$>=+ vmisv wmaw v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ kv da}kdrd k` ordnb~ i`vjiwv aog ordnb~ i` wacv a~b auu~i}kdawbj{ vadb* affi~gkoc wi BG@VA sb fao

gkpkgb wmb ordnb~ i` wacv ko wi c~iruv aog ajjiskoc ioj{ iob c~iru wi ~bvuiogaw a wkdb/ Wmkv fao nb giob n{ digrji iub~awkio av ko Bqrawkio ->$>;+

->$>;+Av BG@VA gkpkgbv wmb wacv ko wi bqraj ordnb~ i` c~iruv rvkoc vwawkf c~irukocauu~iafm ko smkfm wacv a~b `k~vw c~irubg aog wmbo kgbowk`kbg c~iru n{ c~iru/Vwawkf c~irukoc auu~iafm gkpkgbv wmb wacv ko wi c~iruv affi~gkoc wi wmb `~adbvk|b -O+ aog n~koc ~bvrjwv fjivb wi iuwkdaj v{vwbd b``kfkbof{/

Ko BG@VA* k` wmb bvwkdawbg ordnb~ i` wacv kv ja~cb~ wmao wmb `~adb vk|b*

BG@VA gkpkgbv wmb wacv kowi D c~iruv/Ko Wanjb K ordnb~ i` wacv a~b gboiwbgn{ o aog wmb `~adb vk|b kv gboiwbg n{ O aog wmb ordnb~ i` c~iruv a~b gboiwbgn{ D -digrji iub~awkio+/ ajvi u~iuivbg `~adb vk|bv ì~ pa~{koc wac ~aocbv wiafmkbpb da}kdrd vvwbd b`fifkbof/Smbo wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv jbvv wmao 622wmao wmb~b kv iob c~iru aog aninb 622 digrji iub~awkio gkpkgbv wacv ko wic~iruv i` di~b wmao 1av vmiso ko Wanjb >$>/

Oi i` wacv -o+ @~adb Vk|b -O+ D -Digrji+

1 $ 11 = 1

1> $ 1; 10 1

>5 $ 75 6> 1

71 $ =1 07 1

=> $ 130 1>= 1

133 $ 622 >20 1


35/85


>7

620 $ 353 >20 >

35= $ 1710 >20 7

1713 $ >=61 >20 =

< < $>/o * O aog D pajrbv ì~ BG@VA

BG@VA fao afmkbpb ao b``kfkbof{ i` 67/0" wi 60/="/Wmkv ajci~kwmd si~hvsbjj smbo wmb~b a~b rojkdkwbg ordnb~ i` wacv nrw wmkv ajci~kwmd ajvi giow

cra~aowbb iuwkdaj ~bvrjwv aog nbvkgbv kw mav ìjjsikoc nafh g~asv/

-k+ @k~vwj{ a`wb~ iob ~irog i` wmb ~bagkoc divw i` wmb wacv skjj nbkgbowk`kbg aog wmb~b skjj nb `~bs ro~bag wacv ko a c~iru/

-kk+ Vbfiogj{ BG@VA skjj obpb~ aglrvw wmb `~adb vk|b rowkjj ajj wmb wacvko wmb c~iru àjj nbjis wmb wm~bavmijg smkfm c~bawj{ gbc~agbv wmbv{vwbd ub~ì~daofb/

-kkk+ Ajj wmbvb invb~pawkiov agg wi wmb vrn$iuwkdaj v{vwbd b``kfkbo{/

>/2/> G{oadkf Wac c~irukoc vfmbdb

Ko i~gb~ wi ipb~fidb wmb nafh g~asv i` BG@VA -vwawkf wac c~irukoc+ aoiwmb~auu~iafm kv g{oadkf wac c~irukoc ko smkfm a`wb~ c~irukoc wmb wacv wmb wacv a~b

kgbowk`kbg ko iob `~adb aog wmbo acako c~irukoc kv ub~ì~dbg aog wmbo wmb~bdakokoc ordnb~ i` wacv a~b kgbowk`kbg/ Ajj wacv wi nb kgbowk`kbg ua~wkfkuawb koajj wmb c~irukoc afwkpkw{/ Wmkv vfmbdb kv nbwwb~ wmao vwawkf wac c~irukocauu~iafm/ Pa~kirv KG@VA vfmbdbv mapb nbbo gkvfrvvbg ko wmkv vbfwkio/

Kdu~ipbg G{oadkf @~adb vjiwwbg Ajima -KG@VA+/

KG@VA X;TX1=T firjg ajvi nb fajjbg av wmb b}wbovkio i` BG@VA skwm ao kgbawmawkovwbag i` gkpkgkoc wacv ko wi c~iruv skwm bqraj `~adb vk|b wm~ircmirw* wmb`~adb vk|b fao nb aglrvwbg n{ auuj{koc iuwkdaj fiogkwkio av wm~bvmijg/

Ko i~gb~ wi hbbu wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ fjivb wi i~ bqraj wi iuwkdaj* KG@VA rvbvgk``b~bow `~bqrbof{ fmaoobjv/ K` wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv ja~cb kovwbag i` rvkocG@VA c~irukoc wbfmokqrb oadbj{ kw rvbv wmb u~bpkirv koì~dawkio wi bvwkdawbwmb ro~bag wac ordnb~ wi dahb a gbfkvkio ko wmb nbckookoc i~ kw fao rvb wmbiuwkdrd fiogkwkio av wmb `k~vw ~bagkoc aog bvwanjkvmkoc ~bag koì~dawkio ì~ wmbob}w vwbu/ Wmbo kw hbbuv wmb iuwkdrd fiogkwkio av wm~bvmijg wi nrkjg a `~adb k`wmb~b a~b pb~{ ja~cb wacv -c~irukoc wmb wacv+/ Wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ i` KG@VA kvìrog wi nb nbwsbbo 67/;7" 63/5=2" ko iob `~adb/


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>2

@kcr~b >$11/@kogkoc f~ivv uikow oJ-jisb~ jkdkw+ aog or-ruub~ jkdkw+

Wmb ~bjawkio vmku nbwsbbo ordnb~ i` wacv -o+ aog `~adb vk|b -O+ fao nbinwakobg `~id wmb bqrawkio ->$65+ smkfm kv gb~kpbg av ìjjisv/ @i~ `kogkoc wmb~aocb i` ordnb~ i` wacv ko iob c~iru sb fao `kog wmb f~ivv uikow av vmiso ko@kc/>$11/

K` O kv `k}bg aog O:o:>O* vmirjg nb c~irubg kowi wsi c~iruv -vbub~awbj{ ~bagn{ > `~adbv i` jbocwm O+ av favb i` vwawif c~irukoc i~ iob c~iru -~bag n{ 1`~adb i` jbocwm O+ av ko favb i` g{oadkf c~irukoc/Wi `kog wmb f~ivv uikow niwm~bag n{ 1 `~adb i` jbocwm O/

A`wb~ vijpkoc sb cbw* ->$65+@i~ b}adujb ckpbo O4>20 aog >20 :o:21>/ @~id ->$65+

Wmb~b ì~b k` 133 * ko favb i` KG@VA kw kv iob c~iru/Wmb ob}w c~irufao nb gbfkgbg io wmb navkv i` wmb fijjkvio b``kfkbof{

av ìjjiskoc bqrawkio

vmisv/


37/85


>0

->$61+

KG@VA mav agpaowacb ipb~ BG@VA wmaw kw rvbv vdajjb~ ordnb~ i` vjiwv wikgbowk`{ ajj wmb wacv aog kw ajsa{v dakowakov wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ fjivb wi wmbiuwkdaj/

Kovukwb i` wmb àfw wmaw KG@VA si~hv sbjj fidua~bg wi BG@VA nrw vwkjj kw mav anafhg~as wmaw wmb ob}w `~adb vk|b kv gbfkgbg io wmb navkv i` fijjvkio ~awki-fijjkvkio b``kfkbof{+ smkfm ioj{ ìfrvbv io wmb ~aogid ordnb~ cbob~awbg n{wmb wacv fijjkvkio k/b/ Ô10 fijjkvkio* smkfm faooiw cra~bowbb iuwkdajub~ì~daofb/ Sb mapb u~iuivbg obs u~inankjkvwkf navbg ajci~kwmd smkfmipb~fidbv wmkv c~irukoc u~injbd/ Wmb u~iuvbg ajci~kwmd skjj nb gkvfrvvbg ko

wmb fiddkoc fmauwb~v/

>/0 Vrdda~{/

Ko wmkv fmauwb~ wsi dako w{ubv i` aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmdv sb~b kow~igrfbg*W~bb navbg aog Ajima navbg aog wmao ìfrvbg wmb vwrgkbv io Ajima navbgu~iwifijv/Ajima navbg u~iwifijv a~b `r~wmb~ fawbcbi~k|bg av G@VA skwm `~adbvk|koc u~iwifijv aog G@VA skwm `~adb vk|koc ajioc skwm wac c~irukocu~iwifijv/ Wmb c~irukoc u~iwifijv a~b `r~wmb~ fawbcbi~k|bg av vwawkf c~irukocaog g{oadkf c~irukoc u~iwifijv/ Ajj wmb wbfmokqrbv a~b f~bawbg io wmb navkv koi~gb~ wi rwkjk|b wmb dkokdrd vjiwv smbo kgbowk`{koc wmb wacv * wmb kgbowk`kfawkio

wkdb vmirjg nb jbvv aog v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ drvw nb fjivb wi wmb iuwkdaj -60/="+/


38/85

BUFcjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio >

>3

6 BUF Cjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio >vwaoga~g/

Kw kv ajvi fiddioj{ hoiso av wmb .Cbo >. vwaoga~g* wmkv vwaoga~g gb`kobv wmb

um{vkfaj aog jickfaj ~bqrk~bdbowv ì~ a uavvkpb$nafhvfawwb~* ~bagb~$wajhv$`k~vw^@KG v{vwbd iub~awkoc ko wmb =05 DM| $ ;05 DM| `~bqrbof{ ~aocb/ Dao{iuwkioaj `bawr~bv mapb nbbo aggbg ko wmkv obs vwaoga~g/ Nbì~b cikoc ko wi wmbgbwakjbg vwrg anirw Cbo> aog Cbo> navbg u~iwifijv jbw rv mapb a n~kb`~bpkbs i` BUF cjinaj @adkj{/

Ir~ ~bvba~fm kv navbg io wmkv vwaoga~g/Sb mapb rvbg kw ko wmb gbvkcokoc i` ir~aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd/ Fiopbowkioaj ajci~kwmdv wmaw sb~b u~bvbowbg nbì~bCbo/> vwaoga~g sav aooirofbg gioiw ìjjis Cbo/> vwaoga~g/ Dao{ fiduaokbvaog gbajb~v ois u~b`b~ wi ìjjis wmkv vwaoga~g ko wmb gbvkcokoc i` ^@KG ^bagb~

aog Wacv* vi ajci~kwmdv drvw ajvi nb gbvkcobg hbbukoc wmkv àfw ko dkog/

6/1 BUF Cjinaj Cbob~awkio >/

BUF Cjinaj Cbob~awkio > sav aooirofbg ko ~bvuiovb wi sbahobvvbv koCbob~awkio 1 u~iwifij/ Wmb Fjavv$5 u~iwifij sav g~iuubg/ Fidua~bg wiCbob~awkio 1 u~iwifijv wmb Cbob~awkio > u~iwifij i``b~v vkcok`kfaowub~ì~daofb kdu~ipbdbow kofjrgkoc àvwb~* di~b `jb}knjb ~bag)s~kwb vubbg*mkcmb~ ~bjkankjkw{ ko wac firowkoc* bomaofbg vbfr~kw{* ~inrvw ub~ì~daofb i`drjwkujb ~bagb~v aog b}wbovknkjkw{ wi mkcmb~$`rofwkio v{vwbdv X6T/

Q$Ajci~kwmd ì~ Wac Aowk$Fijjkvkio ko BUFcjinaj Fjavv$1Cbob~awkio >/

BUF Fjavv 1 Cbo > X1;T rvbv G{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg Ajima -G@VA+ X11TX1>Tnavbg io Q$ ajci~kwmd/ Wmb Kopbowi~{ iub~awkiov a~b navbg io vjiwwbgAjimafijjkvkio ~bvijrwkio/ Wmb ~bagb~ kvvrbv a >> nkw QRB^[ fiddaog* aogbafm wac ~aogidj{ vbjbfwv a ordnb~ skwm a ~aocb nbwsbbo 5 wi `~adb vk|b / A wac wmaw ~ijjv a 5* ~bujkbv kddbgkawbj{ n{ kvvrkoc a 10 nkw KG* Ô108ajj wacv wmaw ~ijj iwmb~ ordnb~v ~bfi~g wmivb ordnb~v ko a firowb~ aog sakw ì~wmbk~ wr~o/ K` a wac vrffbvv`rjj{ w~aovdkwv kwv Ô10 skwmirw b~~i~ i~ fijjkvkio* wmb~bagb~ vbogv 1= nkw AFH -Ô10+ wi wmb wac A`wb~ ~bfbkpkoc AFH `~id wmb~bagb~ wmb wac vbogv wmb gawa kofjrgkoc ;0 i~ >20$nkw Bjbfw~iokf U~igrfw Figb-BUF+ aog 10$nkw F^F/ Wmb ~bagb~* a`wb~ bkwmb~ ~bfbkpkoc a ~buj{ i~ oi~bvuiovb* fao kvvrb a 7 nkw QRB^[ ^BU fiddaog* farvkoc ajj wmb wacv wigbf~bdbow wmbk~ firowb~v n{ 18 ao{ wac ~bafmkoc a firowb~ pajrb i` 5 ~bvuiogv/


39/85


>=

@kcr~b 6$1/B}adujb i` BUF Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio > U~iwifij/X1;T

Obcawkpb vkgbv i` G@VA skwm Q$ajci~kwmd ko BUF Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio >/

@~adb vk|koc kv wmb divw kdui~waow ua~w i` G@VA skwm Q$ ajci~kwmd koBUFcjinaj fjavv 1 Cbo > nrw wmb~b a~b vidb obcawkpb vkgbv i` wmkv u~iwifij jkhb*

-1+@~adb vk|b -O+ faooiw nb jkoba~j{ aglrvwbg/->+ Ao kopbowi~{ ~irog kv bqraj wi a fidujbwb vbw i` vjiwv smkfm dbaov

wmb Q faooiw nb fmaocbg bpbo k` sb `kog b}w~bdb fijjkvkio i~ b}w~bdbbduw{ vjiwv vi wmaw kv sm{ v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ gbf~bavbv aogkgbowk`kfawkio wkdb kof~bavbv/

Uivkwkpb vkgbv i` G@VA skwm Q$ajci~kwmd ko BUF Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio >/Wmb Q$Ajci~kwmd kow~igrfbg ko BUFcjinaj Fjavv 1 Cbo > u~iwifij kv pb~{vkdujb auu~iafm `i~ G@VA rojkhb iwmb~ dbwmigv/ Wmb uivkwkpb avubfwv fipb~kocQ$G@VA a~b*

-1+Kw mav fiduafw ~bu~bvbowawkio i` O4->+Q$G@VA kofr~v ba~j{ bog i` vjiwv/-6+G{oadkf aglrvwdbow i` Q n{ Qrb~{ i~ Qrb~{ Aglrvw fidua~b wi

dbwmigv ko X11T$X12T wmaw ~bqrk~bv fidujkfawbg fidurwawkiov i~ ja~cbdbdi~{/


40/85


>;

6/1/> @jis Fma~w ì~ Q$ajci~kwmd ko BUFcjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbob~awkio>/

Wmb is fma~w i` Q$Ajci~kwmd kv kjjrvw~awbg ko @kc/-6$7+/ @kc/-6$7+ vmisv wmaw Qajci~kwmd wahbv wacv ~bvuiovb vjiw n{ vjiw/ Wmb vjiwv a~b wmao fjavvk`kbg avfijjkvkio* kgjb aog vrffbvv`rj vjiwv/ Wmb ob}w `~adb vk|b kv gbfkgbg rvkoc wmbvb

ua~adbwb~v/ Smbo wmb wacv ~bvrjw ~buj ko ao kgjb *fiovwaow f kv vrnw~afwbg`~id * av kw kv bvwkdawbg wmaw fr~~bow `~adb vk|b kv ja~cb~ wmao ordnb~ i` wacvaog smbo a fijjkvkio vjiw iffr~v* a fiovwaow f kv aggbg wi * av kw kv bvwkdawbgwmaw fr~~bow `~adb vk|b kv vdajjb~ wmao ordnb~ i` wacv/ Ko BUFcjinaj fjavv 1Cbo> f kv a `jiawkoc uikow ordnb~ ~aockoc `~id 5/1 wi 5/2/ Aw wmb vwa~w i` bafm

vjiw* pajrb kv ~irogbg/ Aog a obs `~adb vk|b Q kv w~aovdkwwbg wi wmb wacvX1;T/

@kcr~b 6$>/Q$ ajci~kwmd ko BUF Cjinaj fjavv$1 cbob~awkio >/

6/> Fiddrokfawkio dbfmaokvd ko BUFcjinaj Fjavv$1Cbob~awkio >

G@VA navbg aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd aglrvw wmb `~adb vk|b ì~ wmb bvwkdawbgordnb~ i` wmb ro~bag wacv wmaw obbg wi nb kgbowk`kbg / BUF cjinaj fjavv 1cbob~awkio > kv navkfajj{ G{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg ajima -G@VA+ / Wmb kowb~afwkionbwsbbo wmb ~bagb~ aog wmb wacv kv ~bcrjawbg n{ BUF cjinaj fjavv 1 Cbob~awkio> n{ rvkoc ìjjiskoc wm~bb iub~awkiov smkfm da{ fidu~kvb i` iob i~ di~b wmaoiob fiddaogv/ Wmbvb iub~awkiov a~b agg~bvvbg nbjis/

6/>/1 Wac uiurjawkio daoacbdbow iub~awkiov/

@kc/6$6 vmisv wmb wac daoacbdbow iub~awkiov/


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@kcr~b 6$6/^bagb~ aog Wac Iub~awkiov aog Wacv vwawbv

Wac Vbjbfwkio/Ajj wmb wacv ko wmb ~bagb~v ~aocb aog irwvkgb vruui~w ìr~ vbvvkiov -V5* V1* V> aogV6+/ A vbvvkio kv gb`kobg av ao kopbowi~{ u~ifbvv/ Wmb ~bagb~ fmiivbv iob i`wmb ìr~ vbvvkiov aog kopbowi~kbv wmb wacv wmaw a~b awwafmbg skwm wmaw vbvvkio/Wac vbjbfwkio kv giob n{ Vbjbfw fiddaog/ Wmkv iub~awkiokv rvbg wi gbwb~dkobsmkfm c~iruv i` Wacv skjj ~bvuiog/ Wmb vbjbfw fiddaog vbw dbfmaokvd kvgkvfrvvbg ko vbfwkio 6/2/

Kopbowi~{/

Wmkv iub~awkio kv rvbg wi kgbowk`{)vkocrjawb ua~wkfrja~ c~iru i` wacv `~id wmbwiwaj ordnb~ i` wacv ko ~bagb~v ~aocb/ Kopbowi~{ u~ifbvv kofjrgbv aowk$fijjkvkioajci~kwmdv smkfm a~b rvbg wi apikg fijjkvkio i` drjwkujb wacv ~bvuiovb/ Wmbkopbowi~{ fiddaog vbw dbfmaokvd kv gkvfrvvbg ko vbfwkio 6$0/

Affbvv/Wmkv iub~awkiokv rvbg iofb Wacv mapb nbbo vkocrjawbg aog a~b ~bag{ ì~ wmbkogkpkgraj fiddaogv wi nb agg~bvvbg/ Nbì~b rvkoc affbvv fiddaog wmb

^bqYÔ- âogid ordnb~ ~bqrbvw+ kv vbow wi wmb wac wi w~aovkwkio `~id AFH wiiubo vwawb/ Obs Ô kv w~aovdkwwbg n{ wmb wac wi ~bagb~/ Wmb obs Ô kv a ua~w i`wmb fiddaog vw~koc ì~ Affbvv fiddaogv/ Wmb fiddaog vbw ì~ Affbvvkofjrgbv ijjiskoc ua~adbwb~v/

^bag -dbogawi~{+ Wmkv Affbvv fiddaog ajjisv wmb wiaffbvv ajj i~ ua~w i` Wacv

-^bvb~pbg*BUF*WKG i~ Rvb~ dbdi~{+

S~kwb -dbogawi~{+ Wmkv Affbvv fiddaog ajjisv wi fmaocbwmb dbdi~{ jifawkio i` wmb Wac/ S~kwb

ajjisv wi affbvvbv ^bvb~pbg*BUF*WKG i~


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Rvb~ dbdi~{+

Hkjj -dbogawi~{+ Wmkv Affbvv ajjisv wi gkvanjb wmb Wacub~daobowj{/

Jifh -dbogawi~{+ Wmkv Affbvv fiddaog ajjisv a ~bagb~ wi BNP = Pa~kanjb 1 10

Gbvf~kuwkio 1515555< Kopbowi~kbg -V5+551< Kopbowi~kbg -V1+515< Kopbowi~kbg -V>+511< Kopbowi~kbg-V6+

155


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nkw pbfwi~/Kv kv ao a~~a{ i` njifh skwm bafm njaifh fiowakoc fb~wako ordnb~ i`nkwv/K` wmb~b a~b fb~wako nkwv -N+ ko iob njifh wmao kw fiowakov N$1gawa nkwv/ Wacaog ~bagb~v daor`afwr~bg io navkv i` Cbo> vubfk`kfawkiov rvb njifh i` =$nkwv/

Davh `kbjg fiowakov = nkw -5$>22+aog kw fidua~bv wmb nkw vw~koc skwm wmb fiowbow

vwi~bg ko wmb wacv dbdi~{/6/7 Kopbowi~{ fiddaog Vbw Dbfmaokvd/

Wmb kopbowi~{ kofjrgbv Qrb~{ * Qrb~{ ^buj{ * Qrb~{ aglrvw * AfhaogOAfh

fiddaog vbwv smkfm a~b gk~bfwj{ kopijpbg ko ao{ fijjkvkio apikgaofb dbwmig/Wmbvb a~b vbua~awbj{ gkvfrvvbg nbjis/

Qrb~{ ->> nkw+/Wmkv Kopbowi~{ fiddaog vubfk`kbv aog kokwkawbv wmb vkocrjawkio u~ifbvv/ Kw mavwmb `ijjiskoc ua~adbwb~v/

Fiddaog G^ D W^b}w Vbj Vbvvkio Wa~cbw Q F^F$2

Oi/ i` nkwv

7 1 > 1 > > 1 7 2

Gbvf~kuwkio 1555 5


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^bagb~ kvvrbv wmb qrb~{ ~buj{ fiddaog ko i~gb~ wi koì~d wmb wacv wi ~bgrfb

wmbk~ vjiw firowb~ n{ 1 -vjiw firowb~ 4 vjiw firowb~$1+/Smbo wmb vjiw firowb~ iào{ wac nbfidbv |b~i kw nafh vfawwb~v ao Ô10 wi wmb ~bagb~/

Fiddaog VbvvkioOi/ i` nkwv > >

Gbvf~kuwkio 55 55


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@kc/ -6$0+ vmisv wmb vwbuv mis wmb ~bagb~ kopbowi~kbv aog affbvvbv a vkocjb wac/

@kcr~b 6$7/Vwbuv i` wac kopbowi~{ aog affbvv

6/2 Fiddaog Gbjkpb~{ Wkdb/

6/2/1 Fiddaog) V{dnij Kowb~paj/

Fiddaog ) V{dnij Fiddaog Kowb~paj

Gawa 5 1>/2vbf

Gawa 1 >2 vbf

^Wfaj 63/2 vbf

W^faj 25 vbf

^bagb~ wi Wac U~badnjb 11>/2 vbf

Wac wi ^bagb~ U~badnjb 0>/2 vbf

Vbjbfw fiddaog -136 nkwv+ 6>63/2 vbf


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Wanjb 6$=/Fiddaog)V{dnij Kowb~paj/

6/2/> ^@KG Fiddrokfawkio Fiogkwkio Wkdkoc/

Sb skjj fajfrjawb wmb kowb~paj ì~ ajj wmb wm~bb ^@KG fiogkwkiov k/b/ vrffbvv`rj*

kgjb aog fijjkvkio fiogkwkio/

Fiddrokfawkio fiogkwkio Fiogkwkio wkdkoc

Vrffbvv`rj fiogkwkio W1(Ô10(W>(Afh(W1(-UF(BUF(F^F$10+(W>(Qrb~{^buj{4

10>2 vbf

Fijjkvkio fiogkwkio W1(Ô10(W>(Qrb~{ ~buj{ 4 60>/2 vbf

Kgjb fiogkwkio W1(W6(Qrb~{ ~buj{ 4 >0>/2 vbf

Wanjb 6$;/^@KG fiddrokfawkio fiogkwkio kowb~paj/

6/0 ^bavio ì~ b}wbogbg ~bvba~fm/

Av wmb divw ^@KG v{vwbdv rvb uavvkpb wacv* `~adb vk|bv a~b jkdkwbg ko wmb`~adbg vjiwwbg AJIMA ajci~kwmd/ Bvubfkajj{* vkofb jis$`rofwkioaj uavvkpbwacv fao obkwmb~ gbwbfw fijjkvkiov oi~ `kcr~b irw obkcmni~koc wacv* a wac fijjkvkiockpbv ~kvb wi wmb obbg ì~ a wac aowk$fijjkvkio u~iwifij wmaw boanjbv wmb~bficokwkio i` wacv skwm `bs fijjkvkiov aog ajvi b}bfrwbv ko ~baj wkdb/ Smbo wmbordnb~ i` wacv kv ja~cb* ì~ wmb fiopbowkioaj ^@KG aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd* wmb

ordnb~ i` vjiwv ~bqrk~bg wi ~bag wmb wacv kof~bavbv b}uiobowkajj{ av wmb ordnb~

Qrb~{ fiddaog ->> nkwv+ 2>2 vbf

Qrb~{ ^buj{ -7 nkwv+ 163/2 vbf

Qrb~{ aglrvw -; nkwv+ 132 vbf

Afh fiddaog -1= nkwv+ 663/2 vbf

Ô10 -10 nkwv+ 155 vbf

UF ( BUF (F^F$10 -1>= nkwv+ =55 vbf

W1 -~bagb~ wi Wacv ~bvuiovb kowb~paj+ 0>/2 vbf

W> -~bagb~ wkdb ~bqrk~bg+ 0>/2 vbf

W6 - wkdb wmb ~bagb~ sakwv ì~ wmb wacvfiddaog+

0>/2 vbf


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i` wacv gibv/ Vidb dbwmigv fao vijpb wmkv u~injbd skwm fidujb} ajci~kwmdfiovrdkoc jioc fiddrokfawkio wkdbX3T/

Wmb akd kv wi gbvkco ao aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd smkfm vmisv da}kdrd v{vwbdb``kfkbof{ bpbo skwm rojkdkwbg ordnb~ i` wacv/ Wmb ajci~kwmd vmirjg nb

gbvkcobg navbg io BUFcjinaj fjavv1 Cbo/> vwaoga~g ìjjiskoc ajj wmbfiddrokfawkio digbj fiogkwkiov jkhb vrffbvv`rj* kgjb aog fijjkvkio fiogkwkioav gbvkcobg ko Cbo/> vwaoga~g/

@i~ afmkbpkoc wmb akd wmb v{vwbd vmajj dakowako wmb ordnb~ i` wacv bqraj wi wmbordnb~ i` vjiwv ì~ bpb~{ `~adb -o4O+/ Vi ì~ wmkv* gbvukwb i` lrvw aglrvwkoc wmb`~adb av sav giob ko favb i` G@VA navbg ajci~kwmd wmb u~iuivbg ajci~kwmdajvi aglrvw wmb ordnb~ i` wacv ko bafm c~iru affi~gkoc wi wmb vk|b i` `~adb/U~bpkirvj{ wmkv sav giob rvkoc c~irukoc auu~iafm smkfm c~bawj{ kof~bavbg wmbv{vwbd b``kfkbof{ nrw vwkjj kw sav oiw anjb wi vmis iuwkdaj ~bvrjwv -5/60=+/

@i~ wmaw ~bavio u~inankjkvwkf auu~iafm sav rvbg/Wmb ajci~kwmd vmisv nbwwb~ub~ì~daofbv i` v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ aog kgbowk`kfawkio wkdb* fidua~bg wi iwmb~b}kvwkoc auu~iafmbv/ Vkofb wacv aj~bag{ mapb wmb dbfmaokvd wi kdujbdbow wmb~aogid ordnb~ ì~ vjiw vbjbfwkio aog Ô 10 cbob~awkio* wmb dbfmaokvd faoajvi nb rvbg wi cbob~awb wmb ~aogid pajrb ì~ u~inankjkvwkf affbvv/ Ko aggkwkio*bpbo k` vidb wacv mapb wmb vadb BUF figb* wmb u~inankjkw{ auu~iafm u~ipkgbv afmaofb wi gkvwkocrkvm wmbd/ Wmkv ajci~kwmd dkcmw nb rvbg ko BUFcjinaj Fjavv1Cbo/> wi kdu~ipb wmb ub~ì~daofb skwm a jkwwjb u~iwifij fmaocb/

Ko i~gb~ wi aglrvw wmb `~adb vk|b affi~gkoc wi wmb ordnb~ i` wacv* wmaw kv wmb`~adb vk|b O smkfm kv bqraj wi aog aglrvwbg b}afwj{ wi wmb ordnb~ i` wacv winb kgbowk`kbg* `bs qrbvwkiov fadb af~ivv ko ir~ wmbvkv ~bvba~fm si~h/1+ Mis wi bvwkdawb ordnb~ i` wacv o9

>+ Smaw kv wmb bvwkdawkio affr~af{ i` o9

6+ Mis wi aglrvw O* vrfm wmaw O4o9

7+ Mis wi fiow~ij o* vrfm wmaw o4O9Wmb v{vwbdawkf auu~iafm wi vijpb wmb ~bvba~fm u~injbdv aog wi u~ipkgb wmb nbvwuivvknjb vijrwkio skjj nb gkvfrvvbg ko wmb fmauwb~ 7 i` wmkv gifrdbow/

6/3 Vrdda~{/

Ko wmkv fmauwb~ sb gkvfrvvbg anirw BUFcjinaj fjavv$1 Cbo > smkfm kv a cjinajRM@ ak~$kowb~àfb u~iwifij vwaoga~g smkfm rvbv G{oadkf `~adb vjiwwbg Ajima-G@VA+ navbg io Q$ ajci~kwmd/ BUFcjinaj Fjavv$1 Cbo> mav a fidujbwb vbw i`fiddaogv smkfm kv rvbg ì~ wacv vbjbfwkio aog kopbowi~{ ~irog/ Wmbvbfiddaogv kokwkawb wmb kopbowi~{ u~ifbgr~b aog a~b obbgbg wi maogjb pa~kirv^@KG fiddrokfawkio fiogkwkiov jkhb fijjkvkio* Kgjb* vrffbvv`rj/ Bafm fiddaogmav a fb~wako wkdb kowb~paj smkfm ipb~ ajj aggv wi wmb fiddrokfawkio wkdkoc/Ciig ajci~kwmdv ajsa{v mapb jbvv Kgbowk`kfawkio wkdkoc smkfm kv di~b i~ jbvv

fiow~ijjbg n{ wmb rvb i` wmbvb fiddaogv/


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U~iuivbg aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd -IG@VA+

63

7 U~iuivbg aowk$fijjkvkio Ajci~kwmd

7/1 ^bvba~fm Dbwmig

@i~ a v{vwbdawkf u~ifbvv ko ~bvba~fm* a u~ifbgr~aj auu~iafm dbwmig vmajj nbìjjisbg ko i~gb~ wi kof~bavb ir~ rogb~vwaogkoc i` wmb umboidboio anirwsmkfm sb a~b kowb~bvwbg/ A ~bvba~fm dbwmig kv a sa{ i` kopbvwkcawkoc aobduk~kfaj wiukf n{ ìjjiskoc a vbw i` u~b$vubfk`kbg u~ifbgr~bv X>1T/

W~kaocrjawkio

Dbwmig

Favb vwrg{

Rojkdkwbg wacv Iuwkdaj B``kfkbof{

Vwbu 1$ Fiofbuw NrkjgkocVwrg{ ~bjbpaow wi ^@KG & Aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd ^bqrk~bdbowv

& Vubfk`kfawkio ì~ obs ajci~kwmd/

Vwbu >$ V{vwbd Nrkjgkoca/ V{vwbd A~fmkwbfwr~b

Rojkdkwbg Wacv* Iuwkdaj B``kfkbof{

n/ Aoaj{|b aog Gbvkco wmb V{vwbd/

@~adb vk|koc * Wac bvwkdawkio* Gbvkco gbfkvkiov/f/ Nrkjg wmb V{vwbd

U~inanjkvwkf Auu~iafm

Vwbu 6$ V{vwbd BpajrawkioUb~ì~daofb Fidua~kvio & Aoaj{vkv i` obs ajci~kwmd a~b

dbavr~bg

V{vwbd Gbpbjiudbow Dbwmig

@kcr~b 7$1 W~kaocrjawkio ^bvba~fm Dbwmig/


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Ko wmkv davwb~ wmbvkv ~bvba~fm si~h* w~kaocrjawkio dbwmig kv rvbg/W~kaocrjawkiodbwmig kv a ~bvba~fm auu~iafm ko smkfm wsi i~ di~b dbwmigv i~ wbfmokqrbv

a~b rvbg wi kopbvwkcawb wmb vadb ~bvba~fm qrbvwkio* i~ wmb fijjbfwkoc i`

koì~dawkio `~id vbpb~aj vir~fbv anirw wmb vadb bpbow i~ nbmapki~ X>>T

Ko wmkv ~bvba~fm* wmb w~kaocrjawkio dbwmig av vmiso ko`kcr~b 7$1 kv ìjjisbgskwm fidnkoawkio i` favb vwrg{ aog V{vwbd Gbpbjiudbow Dbwmig/ Wmbu~ifbgr~aj auu~iafm kv dagb vrfm wmaw ao ajci~kwmd kv gbvkcobg wmaw fidurwbvda}kdrd v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ bpbo skwm rojkdkwbg ordnb~ i` wacv aog kw kv`koajj{ wbvwbg wm~ircm vkdrjawkiov/

A favb vwrg{ mav nbbo giob ~bjbpaow wi wmb aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmdv ko ^@KGsmkfm u~ipkgbg ao ko$gbuwm hoisjbgcb anirw wmb ~bvba~fm si~h/ Gbvkcokoc iòbs auu~iafm kofjrgbg gbvkcokoc obs kgba * kwv vkdrjawkio wbvwkoc aog `r~wmb~kdu~ipbdobw ko kw smkfm jbg wi kdu~ipb wmb kgba aog fiddkoc irw skwm obs

auu~iafm av a vijrwkio wi wmb u~injbd/ Gbvkco aog u~inankjkvwkf auu~iafm ì~wmb obs aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmd IG@VA ~b`b~v wi wmb v{vwbd gbpbjiudbowsmkjb wmb ì~dawkio i` a favb i` rojkdkwbg wacv skwm iuwkdaj b``kfkbof{ aviuuivbg wi jkdkwbg wacv skwm jbvvb~ b``kfkbof{ kv a favb vwrg{/

7/> U~bjkdkoa~{ Hoisjbgcb/

Vruuivb wmaw wmb ordnb~ i` vjiwv ko a `~adb kv O aog wmb ordnb~ i` wacv smkfmaffbvv wmb `~adb kv o* wmbo wmb u~inankjkw{ i` h wacv ko iob vjiw kv/

-7$1+Smb~b* O4 ordnb~ i` vjiwv ko a `~adb

o4 ordnb~ i` wacv wmaw ua~wkfkuawb ko a `~adb

7/>/1 Vjiw u~inankjkw{ fajfrjawkio/

Wmb u~inankjkw{ wmaw oi wac b}kwv ko iob vjiw kv fajfrjawbg n{ ujafkoc h45* sb cbwwmb Bq/ -7$>+

-7$>+U~inankjkw{ wmaw ioj{ iob wac b}kvw io iob vjiw kv fajfrjawbg n{ ujafkoc h41* av

-7$6+Wmb vjiw u~inankjkw{ wmaw di~b wmao iob wacv b}kvw ko iob wkdb vjiw kv fajfrjawbgav*

-7$7+


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7/>/> Fajfrjawkio i` fiogkwkio i` da}kdrd pajrb i` v{vwbd b``kfkbof{

Sb gb`kob wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ av wmb ~awki i` wmb apb~acb ordnb~ i` vjiwv`kjjbg skwm iob wac wi wmb fr~~bow `~adb vk|b* wmaw kv*

-7$2+Wi `kog wmb da}kdrd pajrb i` v{vwbd b``kfkbof{* jbw * wmaw kv K` O 1* sb mapb wmb fiogkwkio ì~ da}kdrd b``kfkbof{/

O4o -7$0+

7/6 Fiogkwkiov wi afmkbpb wmb da}kdrd v{vwbdB``kfkbof{

Wmb~b a~b wsi fiogkwkiov wi afmkbpb wmb da}kdrd v{vwbd b``kfkbof{/

7/6/1 Affr~awb bvwkdawkio i` wacv

@k~vwj{* wmb wiwaj ordnb~ i` wacv wi nb ~bag drvw nb affr~awbj{ bvwkdawbg/ Sbfao rvb -7$>+* -7$6+ i~ -7$7+ aog wmb mkvwi~{ ~bfi~g wi `kog wmb ordnb~ i` wacvsmkfm ua~wkfkuawb ko wmb `~adb k wi bvwkdawb wmb o/ Ko wmkv uaub~ sb avvrdb a

ub~`bfw bvwkdawkio i` wmb ordnb~ i` wacv/

7/6/> Ordnb~ i` vjiwv bqraj wi ordnb~ i` wacv -O4o+

Vbfiogj{ mis wi kdujbdbow o4O* wmaw kv* mis wi cbw wmb ordnb~ i` wacvsmkfm ua~wkfkuawb ko wmb fr~~bow `~adb bqrajv wi wmb ordnb~ i` vjiwv ko wmbfr~~bow `~adb i` vk|b / Wmb ob}w vrn$ vbfwkio skjj aovsb~ wmkv qrbvwkio/7/7 Fiopbowkioaj ajci~kwmd jkdkwawkiov * U~iuivbg Kgba

aog U~iuivbg Vijrwkio/

7/7/1 Jkdkwawkiov i` fiopbowkioaj aowk$fijjkvkio ajci~kwmdv/

Wmb ub~ì~daofb i` wmb v{vwbd -v{vwbd b``kfkbof{+ kv c~bawj{ gbc~agbg smbowmb~b a~b ja~cb ordnb~ i` wacv fidua~bg skwm wmb `~adb vk|b* ba~j{ ~bvba~fm savgiob ko i~gb~ wi kof~bavb wmb `~adb vk|b -Q$aglrvwdbow+ affi~gkoc wi wmbordnb~ i` wacv* nrw `~adb vk|b mav jkdkwawkiov vi smbo wmb~b a~b rojkdkwbgordnb~ i` wacv wmao ordnb~ i` wacv ajvi obbg wi nb aglrvwbg ajioc skwm `~adbvk|b/ Wmkv vkwrawkio kv vmiso ko `kc/7/> ì~ gk``b~ `~adb vk|bv av v{vwbd

b``kfkbof{ kv c~bawj{ gbc~agkoc skwm wmb kof~bavkoc ordnb~ i` wacv/


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@kcr~b 7$1/V{vwbd b``kfkbof{ skwm gk``b~bow `~adb vk|bv/

Wac aglrvwdbow kv ub~`i~dbg n{ c~irukoc* k` wmb bvwkdawbg ordnb~ i` wacv kvja~cb~ wmao wmb `~adb vk|b* wmb ajci~kwmd gkpkgbv wmb wacv kowi D c~iruv fajjbgav vwawkf c~irukoc i~ gkpkgbv wmb wacv adioc c~iruv -`~adbv+ i` pa~kirv vk|bvfajjbg av g{oadkf c~irukoc/

@kcr~b 7$> /V{vwbd b``kfkbof{ a`wb~ Wac c~irukoc

@~id wmb `kc/7/6 kw kv fjba~ wmaw wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ a`wb~ wmb wacv a~b c~irubgfao nb dakowakobg fjivb wi iuwkdaj pajrb 5/60=/ Av wmb ordnb~ i` c~iruvkof~bavbv skwm wmb kof~bavkoc ordnb~ i` wacv wmb v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ hbbuvdakowakobg fjivb wi iuwkdaj* nrw wmb u~injbd kv wmaw c~irukoc ajvi gibv oiw


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cra~aowbb iuwkdaj v{vwbd b``kfkbof{ vi wmb~b kv a ~iid ì~ kdu~ipbdbow kofiopbowkioaj c~irukoc ajci~kwmdv/

7/7/> U~iuivbg g{oadkf c~irukoc Kgba/

Ko wmkv vbfwkio* sb u~iuivb ao bomaofbg dbwmig smkfm rvbv g{oadkf c~irukocauu~iafm ko smkfm wacv a~b gkpkgbg aog c~irubg aog iob c~iru kv kgbowk`kbg koiob `~adb aog wmbo acako gkpkgbg aog c~irubg aog kgbowk`kbg ko wmb ob}w `~adb/Ajj wmb wacv wi nb kgbowk`kbg ua~wkfkuawb ko ajj wmb c~irukoc afwkpkw{/ Wmkv dbwmigkv nbwwb~ wmao vwawkf c~irukoc auu~iafm ko smkfm c~irukoc kv giob aog wmbo wacva~b kgbowk`kbg c~iru n{ c~iru/

G{oadkf c~irukoc auu~iafm kv nbwwb~ av wmb wacv gkpkgbg aog c~irubg a`wb~bpb~{ `~adb nbvw `kw affi~gkoc wi wmb `~adb vk|b hbbukoc iuwkdaj v{vwbdb``kfkbof{ aog wacv wmaw ua~wkfkuawb ko wmaw `~adb a~b fajjbg av c~iru 1 aog wmb

~bvw i` wmb wacv skjj nb kgbowk`kbg ko wmb ob}w fidkoc `~adb/ Wmb wacv wmawua~wkfkuawb ko wmb ob}w `~adb a~b fajjbg av c~iru > aog a`wb~ aog vi io~bvubfwkpbj{/ Wmkv u~ifbvv kv ~bubawbg rowkj ajj wmb wacv mapb nbbo kgbowk`kbg/Wmb u~iuivbg kgba ajvi ~bgrfbv wmb kgbowk`kfawkio wkdb n{ rvkoc wmb ~bubawkoc`~adbv skwm vadb vk|bv ioj{ iobv skwm vk|b bqraj wi vrd i` wmbvb ~bubawkoc`~adbv smkfm skjj vapb dao{ kopbowi~{ ~irogv smbo wmb~b a~b ja~cb ordnb~ i``~adbv skwm vadb vk|bv/

Wmb gbwakjbg gbvf~kuwkio i` wmb u~iuivbg c~irukoc kgba kv ckpbo ko wmb ìjjiskoc

vrn vbfwkio/

Ajci~kwmd ì~ u~iuivbg g{oadkf c~irukoc kgbaRvkoc wmb wac c~irukoc wbfmokqrb sb u~iuivbg a obs g{oadkf c~irukocajci~kwmd smkfm capb nbwwb~ ~bvrjwv fidua~bg wi fiopbowkioaj c~irukocdbwmigv/

Wmb bqrawkiov -7$>+* -7$6+* -7$7+ ckpb wmb iuwkdaj u~inankjkw{ pajrbv smkfm a~b`k}bg ì~ bafm `~adb vk|b aog u~ipkgb wmb ~bqrk~bg wm~bvmijg pajrbv/

-7$3+

-7$=+ -7$;+Bqrawkiov -7$3+ -7$;+ ckpb wmb u~inankjkw{ i` kgjb* vrffbvv`rj aog fijjkvkiovjiwv skwm ~bvubfw wi gk``b~bow pajrbv i` o aog O/ @kcr~bv 7$6 aog 7$2 vmis wmbfidujbwb digbj i` u~iuivbg kgba* smkfm kv ur~bj{ navbg io Q ajci~kwmd koi~gb~ wi hbbu ko fiovkgb~awkio * ajj wmb gbja{v grb wi kopbowi~{ ~irogv/


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G{oadkf Wac c~irukoc aog @~adb Vk|koc n{ ^bagb~/

@kc/7$6 vmisv mis g{oadkf c~irukoc aog `~adb vk|koc kv giob n{ wmb ~bagb~/Av wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kof~bavbv skwm ~bvubfw wi wmb `~adb vk|b wmb u~inankjkw{ i`

fijjkvkio vjiwv wi iffr~ ajvi kof~bavbv/ @kc/ 7$6 vmisv wmaw k`

?

wmao

wmb ~bagb~ skjj gkpkgb wmb wiwaj ordnb~ i` ro~bag wacv n{ `~adb vk|b -7$15+Smb~b kv wmb u~inankjkw{ i` fijjkvkio smbo ordnb~ i` wacv kv c~bawb~ wmao`~adb vk|b aog kv wmb u~inankjkw{ i` fijjkvkio rogb~ iuwkdaj fiogkwkio-o4O+ aog wmkv pajrb kv ajsa{v fiovwaow ì~ bpb~{ `~adb k~~bvubfwkpb i` `~adb

vk|b - 4 5/>075+/Vi k` wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv c~bawb~ wmao vk|b i` wmb `~adb wmao wmb fiogkwkio ? skjj nbfidb w~rb aog wmb ~bagb~ skjj gkpkgb wmb wacv ko wi c~iruvn{ rvkoc ~bjawkio 7$15/ Wmkv ~bjawkio skjj ckpb wmb ~bvrjwv ko `~afwkioaj pajrb/ Kowmb ob}w vwbu wmb ~bagb~ skjj gkpkgb wiwaj ordnb~ i` wacv skwm wmkv `~afwkioajpajrb smkfm skjj ckpb iuwkdaj ordnb~ i` wacv* mb~b ko c~iru 1 aog wmb ~bvw i`wmb wacv skjj nb kgbowk`kbg ko wmb ob}w ~bag f{fjb/

Ko wmb `kcr~b Vwbu > vmisv wmaw mis dao{ kopbowi~{ ~irogv a~b vapbg* wmb~bagb~ gkpkgbv wmb `~afwkioaj ~bvrjw inwakobg `~id ~bjawkio -7$15+ n{ > wkjj kwvpajrb kv >/ Ko wmkv sa{ k` wmb~b a~b pb~{ ja~cb ordnb~ i` wacv -b/c8 o41255+

wmao gbvukwb i` gkpkgkoc wmbd ko wi `~adb vk|b i` -b/c8 O4 >20 bafm av ko vwawkfc~irukoc+ wmb wacv a~b gkpkgbg ko wi wmb c~iru skwm nbvw fajfrjawbg `~adb vk|b avko vwbu 7/

Wmb anipb u~ifbvv fao nb sbjj rogb~vwiig skwm wmb b}adujb* k` wmb kokwkaj `~adbvk|b kv >20 aog ordnb~ i` ro~bag wacv a~b 1255 wmao wmb u~inankjkw{ i` fijjkvkiovjiwv wi iffr~ ko a `~adb skjj nb c~bawb~ wmao wmb wm~bvmijg pajrb wmao wmb ~bagb~skjj ub~ì~d wmb ìjjiskoc iub~awkiov rogb~ wmbvb vwbuv/

Vwbu 1/

Vwbu >/Mb~b k` -d 7+ kv rvbg* smkfm k` vawkv`kbg wmao wmb ~bagb~ gkpkgbv d

n{ > wkjj wmb ~bvrjw ~bafmbv >* ko wmkv favb kw skjj nb jkhb

Vwbu 6/


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Vwbu 7/ Wmb ~bagb~ vbjbfwv wmb ordnb~ i` wacv a`wb~ fidurwawkio av vmiso rogb~ vwbu 6

rvkoc vbjbfw fiddaog X1;T* VBJBFW vbjbfwv wmb ua~wkfrja~ wac uiurjawkio navbgio rvb~ gb`kobg f~kwb~ka/ @~id vwbu 7 ~bagb~ skjj fajfrjawb wmb pajrb i` Q smkfmfao nb vbow wi wmb wacv -Wmb VBJ aog WA^CBW+ `kbjgv kovkgb qrb~{ fiddaogfmiivb smkfm wacv ~bvuiog wi qrb~{/

Wmb wiwaj ordnb~ i` wmb wacv wmaw skjj ua~wkfkuawb ko wmb ob}w `~adb skjj nbfajfrjawbg av*

Ois wmb ~bdakokoc ordnb~ i` wacv k/b/8 1611 skjj nb fipb~bg ko wmb vbfiog ~bag

f{fjb/ Av wmb ordnb~ i` wacv kv acako ja~cb~ wmao `~adb vk|b k/b/8 21> wmaw savvbw ko wmb u~bpkirv `~adb* acako wmb ~bagb~ skjj ub~ì~d ajj wmb ìr~ vwbuv aogacako wmb wacv wmaw skjj nb kgbowk`kbg ko wmkv ~bag f{fjb skjj nb 21> aog `~adbvk|b fajfrjawbg kv 21>* vi b``kfkbof{ i` wmkv ~bag f{fjb skjj ajvi nb iuwkdaj/

Wmb ~bdakokoc ordnb~ i` wacv a~b 11>>* aog `~adb vk|b kv 21> wmb ~bdakokoc

ordnb~ i` wacv skjj nb ;66 aog rowkj k` wmb fiogkwkio ? ~bdakov w~rbwmb u~ifbvv fiowkorirv aog ~bdakokoc rokgbowk`kbg wacv skjj nb 366 * 222 * 600/

Av* fiogkwkio

?

skjj nbfidb w~rb aog wmb ajci~kwmd skjj `kog wmb

divw vrkwanjb `~adb vk|b ì~ wmbvb ordnb~ i` wacv n{ rvkoc ìjjiskoc ~bjawkio/ -7$11+Vi* wmb ob}w `~adb vk|b skjj nb aglrvwbg av * nrw av ordnb~ i` wacv kvc~bawb~ wmao `~adb vk|b vi fiogkwkio ? skjj nbfidb w~rb aog ~bagb~skjj acako gkpkgb wacv n{ ~bubawkoc ajj wmb ìr~ vwbuv aog gkpkgb wmb wacv koc~iruv

Thesis Reportt 2

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