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Thesis:
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In Cuba and Nicaragua in the mid to late 1900s, similar tensions made it obvious that revolution would soon occur. Primary internal tensions were class divisions and economic problems, while varying degrees of US involvement created external issues. Based on these external and internal tensions as well as the role of country leaders, the result of the revolution differed. In Cuba, Fidel Castro succeeded in not only overcoming Cuba’s current leader, Batista, but also undermined the United States and their attempts at control over the country. In Nicaragua, however, the United States was able to intervene and become an enforcing, democratic factor. In Thesis:
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In Cuba and Nicaragua in the mid to late 1900s, similar tensions made it obvious that revolution would soon occur. Primary internal tensions were class divisions and economic problems, while varying degrees of US involvement created external issues. Based on these external and internal tensions as well as the role of country leaders, the result of the revolution differed. In Cuba, Fidel Castro succeeded in not only overcoming Cuba’s current leader, Batista, but also undermined the United States and their attempts at control over the country. In Nicaragua, however, the United States was able to intervene and become an enforcing, democratic factor. In both cases, a society that appealed to the masses had emerged: in Cuba a dictatorship, in Nicaragua, a democracy.
Thesis:
U.S. in Cuba:• Cuba still a United States protectorate until 1934, and even after that had an
economic treaty with U.S.• American companies dominated every aspect of Cuban life• Had no interests in meeting demands of the people (solely in it for $$
$...NEOCOLONIALISM)• Platt Amendment prevented Cuba from creating treaties with other countries,
gave US political power (NOT neocolonialism!)• Tried to get rid of Batista with arms embargo• Attempts to invade Cuba in 1961 but fails• Ultimately unsuccessful at interfering with Cuba's revolution
EXTERNAL ISSUES AND US INFLUENCE
U.S. in Nicaragua• Had no troops in Nicaragua as of 1933• Nicaraguan economy export based and therefore very dependent on
United States• United States and Nicaragua make Alliance for Progress in 1960 in hopes
of preventing a revolution like what happened in Cuba• In1970s the United States plays an active role in ending the Somoza rule
by threatening to stop all aid
In Cuba• Platt Amendment under Ramon Grau San Martin;
no more US control, democracy• Carlos Mendieta is in control, backed by Fulgencio
Batista & US; elitist control• Cuban Revolution: takeover by Fulgencio Batista;
“democracy”• Corruption! It’s a hoax!
• Fidel Castro• Revolution: 26th of July Movement• Imprisoned, came back to Cuba – peasant revolt!• Batistas killed• Castro Regin 1959-2002• Cut US dependence, market reforms• DICTATORSHIP!!!
In Nicaragua• 1520s-1820s: self- sufficient & contained until
conquistadors- then export oriented• 1820s – 1870s: exports to Britain; dependence• 1870s-1940s: ELITES: EXPLOIT, EXPLOIT, EXPLOIT!
• 1877: Agrarian Law passed• MORE CLASS DIVISIONS!
• Jose Santos Zelaya: reforms, refuse US but after done, back to “norm”
• Anastasio Somoza Garcia overthrows President in 1936; reign of Somozas• Anastasio Somosa Garcia 1936-1956• Luis Somoza Debayle 1957-1967• Anastasio Somoza Debayle 1967-1979
• National Guard: plundered and sold national lands• Somozas lost support because of plundering and
pocketing money• Revolts -> Abuse to the people• US threat to pull out• Somozas flee- REVOLUTION WINS!
INFLUENCE OF LEADERS
Standard of Living
Great Depression
*Wages decreased
*US imports decreased
*Corruption increased
Movements
Fidel Castro
*Cut US dependence
*Government run economy
Corruption and Exploitation
Previous US involvement
Standard of Living
Potential
o coffee boom
o cotton and modernization
Movements
o Somoza Family
o external emphasis moved to cutting US dependence (failed)
CUBA NICARAGUAINTERNAL AFFAIRS [Political & Social]
In Cuba• United States heavily involved in Cuban
economy and politics at origin• United States did not have an interest in
meeting the demands of the people• Although originally a dominating force in
Cuban life, fails at invasion• Left powerless over once protectorate• General trend from more
involved/influencing to less involved
In Nicaragua• U.S. starts off in 1933 with absolutely no
troops or political influence in country• Only had an impact on economy• Allies with Nicaragua in 1960 (U.S. has
learned from Cuba that it needs to be involved with Latin America politics in order to prevent uprising and revolution)
• Sees threat of Somoza rule and in 1970 actively keeps
• General trend from less involved and influencing to more involved
-Economies export based and therefore somewhat dependent on United States
-U.S. does not want a communist dictator in power of either place
EXTERNAL ISSUES AND US INFLUENCE
Holy cow, they switched places!
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