School of Engineering Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering

Thermoflow MTV310 Prepared by: Prof Ken Craig Last Revision: 30 January 2019 © Copyright reserved

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT ...................................................................................... 31. USING THE STUDY GUIDE ........................................................................................... 32. DEPARTMENTAL STUDY GUIDE ................................................................................ 33. GENERAL PREMISE AND EDUCATIONAL APPROACH .......................................... 34. LECTURERS, VENUES AND CONSULTING HOURS ................................................. 45. WHAT TO EXPECT OF THE LECTURERS ................................................................... 56. WHAT WE EXPECT OF YOU AS STUDENT ................................................................ 57. STUDY MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... 58. LEARNING ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................. 69. RULES OF ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 7STUDY COMPONENT ............................................................................................................ 710. INTERACTION WITH OTHER MODULES ................................................................ 711. MODULE STRUCTURE ............................................................................................... 912. STUDY THEME DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................. 10Appendix A: REGULATIONS REGARDING PRACTICALS .............................................. 16Appendix B: ECSA OUTCOME 2 .......................................................................................... 17

ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT

1. USING THE STUDY GUIDE This document consists of three parts. In the first part, introductory and organisational information are given, for example who the lecturer is, what to expect from the lecturer and what is expected from you. The second part contains very important study component information and the third part is the laboratory and experimental guides. 2. DEPARTMENTAL STUDY GUIDE ThisstudyguideisacrucialpartofthegeneralstudyguideoftheDepartment.Inthestudyguideofthe Department , information is given on themission and vision of the department , generaladministration and regulations (professionalism and integrity, course related information andformalcommunication,workshopuseandsafety,plagiarism,classrepresentativeduties,sicktestand sick exam guidelines, vacation work, appeal process and adjustment ofmarks, universityregulations, frequently asked questions), ECSA outcomes and ECSA exit level outcomes, ECSAknowledgeareas,CDIO,newcurriculumandassessmentofcognitivelevels.ItisexpectedthatyouareveryfamiliarwiththecontentoftheDepartmentalStudyGuide.ItisavailableinEnglishandAfrikaansontheDepartment’swebsite.English:https://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/120/ZP_Resources/Noticeboard/departmental‐studyguide‐eng‐2019_version29‐jan2019.zp167517.pdfAfrikaans:https://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/120/ZP_Resources/Noticeboard/departementele‐studiegids‐afr‐2019_weergawe29‐jan2019.zp167518.pdfTakenoteofthespecificinstructionsintheabovestudyguideon:

a. Safety b. Plagiarism c. What to do if you were sick (very important)? d. Appeal process on the adjustment of marks

3. GENERAL PREMISE AND EDUCATIONAL APPROACH

The aim of the module ThermoflowMTV310 is to provide the student with the basicprinciplesoffluidmechanicsandconductionheattransferandtheirapplicationinavarietyofpracticalengineeringproblems.Aftersuccessfulcompletionofthecourse,thestudentwillbe able to solve such problems independently. The general aimwith thismodule is toemphasise understanding rather than memorising, in order to stimulate creativethinkingandthedevelopmentofinnovativeskillsamongststudentsintheareaoffluidmechanicsandintroductoryheattransfer.Fluidmechanicsisasciencethatdescribesthemechanicsanddynamicsoffluids(liquidsandgases)andisbasedontheconservationlawsofmass,momentumandenergy.Thesethreelawsarecontinuouslycastinthemostapplicableandsimplestformtodescribethe

problemathand.Theapplicationfieldoffluidmechanicscoversawiderangeofdisciplinesthat include aircraft and vehicle propulsion, stability and buoyancy of ships andsubmarines, numerical simulation of fluid flow, experimental model tests, drag onpassengercars,aircraftandprojectiles,andchannelflow,tonamebutafew.Introductoryheattransferispresentedinthelatterpartofthemoduleinpreparationforthe module Thermoflow MTV410 presented in the 4th year of study for MechanicalEngineeringstudents.Thefocusinthissectionisonconductionheattransfer.The course module is one of the cornerstones of the Thermofluids curriculum in theMechanical Engineering degree together with modules such as Thermodynamics,Aerodynamics,FluidandThermalmachines,andHeatTransfer.A problem-driven approach to learning is followed. Student-centred and co-operative learning and teaching methods are applied during lectures in order to optimally develop the above skills, as well as to stimulate the development of communication skills, interpersonal skills and group dynamics. It is expected that you would participate in discussions during lectures, as your fellow students are dependent on your inputs. Refer to the Departmental Study Guide for the outcomes of this Module in the ECSA framework. 4. LECTURERS, VENUES AND CONSULTING HOURS

Name Room No. and Building

Telephone No. and E-mail Address

Lecturers ProfKenCraig EngIII6‐86 420‐3515(W) (andcoursecoordinator) 083‐310‐8946(cell) ken.craig@up.ac.za Dr Lelanie Smith Eng I 9-13 lelanie.smith@up.ac.za Teaching assistants

TBA

Location of the Laboratory for practicals: Wind tunnel Lab Consulting hours: Refer to schedule outside office door. Ken Craig: 5 lecture periods are reserved for consultation during lecture weeks. Additional appointments can be made per email as indicated. Mailbox:All practical reports must be handed to the relevant teaching assistant in his/her office. See Appendix A for the allowed time of report writing and penalties for late submission.

5. WHAT TO EXPECT OF THE LECTURERS Thelecturersundertaketo:

a. sharewithyoutheirknowledgeandexperienceand,indoingso,prepareyoufor

practice;

b. attempttoestablishapassionforthesubjectwithinyouandaidyouracademic

development;

c. handouttestresultsassoonaspossible;

d. bewell‐preparedforformallectures;

e. doeverythingintheirabilitytoexplaintheworktoyouaswellaspossibleandto

makeitasunderstandableaspossible;

f. treatyouinaprofessionalmanner;

g. befairandcourteoustowardsyouatalltimes;

h. neverhumiliateyouforaskingaquestionduringlectures(evenifyouand/oryour

class‐matesshouldregarditasa'stupid'question);

i. doeverythingintheirpowertohelpyoupassthecourse.

6. WHAT WE EXPECT OF YOU AS STUDENT Weexpectyouto:

a. showloyaltyandintegrity;

b. bediligentandenthusiasticinyourwork;

c. behaveinadisciplinedmannerinclass;

d. discussanyproblemsyoumayexperiencewithregardtothesubjectwithmeas

soonaspossible(pleaserefertotheconsultationtimessection)

e. askquestionsfreelyduringlectures;

f. actprofessionally.

7. STUDY MATERIALS Prescribedtextbooks:FrankMWhite,FluidMechanics,EightEdition,McGraw‐Hill.Yunus A. Cengel and Afshin Ghajar, Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals andApplications,FifthEdition,McGraw‐Hill.

Thesebookswillbeusedextensivelyanditisimperativethateachstudentobtainscopies.BoththesetextbooksarealsousedforthemoduleMTV410.There aremanyother text books for these classical fields of engineering that containessentiallythesameinformation.Theinternetalsohasmanysourcesforfluidmechanicsandheattransfer.Classnotes:Class notes of a fill‐in typewill be provided electronically to students in PDF format.ThesewillcorrespondtothePowerpointslidesusedinclass.Atthecompletionofeachsection,completeslideswillbemadeavailableinPDFformat.Studyguide:This study guide has been compiledwith care to help youwork independently and toprovideastructuredlearningenvironment.ThedocumentmaybemodifiedbymeansofanoticeinclassoronClickUP.8. LEARNING ACTIVITIES Lectures:3lecturesperweekfor12weeks.Itisexpectedfromyoutospendatotalof160hoursonthismodule (16 credits). In addition, it is expected that you attend class regularly andcooperateinclassdiscussions.Groupwork:Modernengineeringeducationplacesalotofemphasisontheabilityofstudenttooperateingroups.Forthismoduleyouwillbedividedintogroupsof5or6.Thisallocationwillbedoneautomatically,tomimictheengineeringprojectenvironmentwhereyouwillnothaveachoicewithwhomyouwork.Thesegroupswillcooperateduringpracticals.Forallgroupworkonlyoneconsolidatedreportishandedin.Topreventcertainmembersnot participating, each student will perform an individual evaluation of each other’scontribution(seeAppendixA).Assignmentsandproblems:Theregularworkingthroughofproblemsandassignmentsasannouncedinclassisofcriticalimportanceinthemasteringofthemodule.Itisthereforeexpectedthatyoudothese problems regularly. These problems will not be handed in, but will be testedregularlyinclasstests.Practicals There are 3 compulsory practicals:

1. Aerodynamicsexperiment2. Fluidfrictionexperiment3. ComputationalFluidDynamicspractical

SeeAppendixAforregulationsregardingpracticals.TheschedulingofpracticalswillbedonethroughClickUP.

Demonstrations:During class demonstrations will be given to emphasise and illustrate the study material. These will take the form of animations. Testsandexams:Allclasstestswillbeopenbookinanattempttosimulatetheengineeringenvironmentwiththeavailabilityofreferencematerial.Thesemestertestsandexamswillhoweverbeclosedbook,butstudentswillbeallowedtobringin1xA4paperwithwritingoftheirchoiceonbothsides.Additionally,aformulasheetwillbeprovidedinthequestionpaperstoremovetheemphasisfrommemorisationandrepeatingoffacts.The standard practice of the Mechanical Engineering department is followed whenstudentsareabsentfromtestsandexams.RefertoDepartmentalStudyGuide. 9. RULES OF ASSESSMENT Semestermarksarecalculatedasfollows:Test1 35%Test2 35%Practicalsandclasstests 30%The final mark is calculated as follows: Semestermark: 50%Exammark: 50%Togainexamentranceinthismodule,acandidatemusthaveasemestermarkofatleast40%,mustattendallpracticals (signaturerequired),mustsignall therelevantpracticalreportsandmustachieveatleast50%ineachpractical.Topassthemodule,afinalmarkof50%isrequired.AcandidatemustalsopassassessmentofECSAoutcome2,whichwillbeassessedaccordingtothedocumentinAppendixB.TheECSAoutcome2assessmentsheetwillbeapplicableforsemestertestsandexams.

STUDY COMPONENT 10. INTERACTION WITH OTHER MODULES Thermoflow forms part of the Thermofluids theme of the Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering course. The linkage with other modules in the degree is as follows (For the Metallurgical and Mining Engineering students, consult the curricula of your departments.):

MTX221Thermo-dynamics

MTX311Thermo-dynamics

MTV310Thermoflow

MTV420Thermal and

Fluid Machines

MTV410Thermoflow

MKM411ComputationalFluid Dynamics

MLV420Aeronautics

FSK116Physics

WTW***Mathematics

courses

MOX410/MSC4**Design/

Research Project

Formal pre-requisite

11. MODULE STRUCTURE Themoduleiscomposedfromthefollowingstudyunitsandthemes:

Studytheme Studyunits Notionalhours

Numberoflectures

1.Basicprinciples:Fluids 1.1Theconceptofafluidandthefluidasacontinuum

4 2

1.2Dimensionsandunits

1.3Descriptionofaflowfield

1.4Propertiesoffluids

2.Fluidstatics 2.1 Pressureandpressuregradient 22 5

2.2 Hydrostaticpressuredistribution

2.3Hydrostaticpressureingases

2.4Manometersandbarometers

2.5Hydrostaticforcesonsubmergedsurfaces,buoyancyandstability

3.Integralapproach 3.1ClosedSystemvs.controlvolume 36 8

3.2Massbalanceandenergybalance

3.3Reynoldstransporttheorem

3.4Conservationofmass

3.5 Conservationoflinearandangularmomentum

3.6Conservationofenergy

3.7Bernoulliequation

4.Similarityanddimensionalanalysis

4.1Dimensionalanalysis 18 3

4.2Similarity

4.3Experimentationanddimensionlessvariables

5.Viscousflowinducts 5.1Headlossandfrictionfactor 24 7

5.2Moodydiagram

5.3Minorlossesinpipesystems

6.Basicprinciples:Heatandmasstransfer

6.1Heatlossandotherformsofenergy 12 2

6.2Thefirstlawofthermodynamics

6.3Heattransfermechanisms

6.4Conduction

6.5Convection

6.6Radiation

7.Heatconductionequation 7.1Introduction 24 4

7.2One‐dimensionalheatconductionequation

7.3Generalheatconductionequation

7.4Boundaryandinitialconditions

7.5Solutionofsteadyone‐dimensionalheatconductionproblems

7.6Heatgenerationinasolid

7.7Variablethermalconductivity

8.Steadyheatconduction 8.1Steadyheatconductioninplanewalls 20 3

8.2Thermalcontactresistance

8.3Generalisedthermalresistancenetworks

8.4Heatconductionincylindersandspheres

8.5Criticalradiusofinsulation

8.6Heattransferfromfinnedsurfaces

8.7Heattransferincommonconfigurations

Total 160 34

12. STUDY THEME DESCRIPTIONS STUDYTHEME1:BASICPRINCIPLES‐FLUIDSDuration:2lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninWhite

1.Basicprinciples:Fluids

1.1Theconceptofafluidandafluidasacontinuum 1.1‐1.5

1.2Dimensionsandunits 1.6

1.3Descriptionofaflowfield 1.7,1.10,1.11

1.4Propertiesoffluids 1.8,1.9

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandthedistinctionbetweenafluidandasolid.b) understandtheconceptofafluidasacontinuum.c) knowthedefinitionofafluid.d) understandandbeabletousetheSIunitssystemanditsbasisofMLTdimensions.e) knowthedefinitionofunderstandandbeabletodistinguishbetweenthedifferentwaysto

describefluidmotion,i.e.,velocity,streamlines,pathlinesandstreaklines.

f) understandthedefinitionanddistinctionbetweenthedifferentpropertiesofafluidandbeabletodistinguishbetweenNewtonianandnon‐Newtonianfluids.

STUDYTHEME2:FLUIDSTATICSDuration:5lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninWhite

2.Fluidstatics 2.1Pressureandpressuregradient 2.1‐2.2

2.2Hydrostaticpressuredistribution 2.3

2.3 Hydrostaticpressureingases 2.3

2.4 Manometersandbarometers 2.3‐2.4

2.5Hydrostaticforcesonsubmergedsurfaces,buoyancyandstability

2.5‐2.8

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandtheconceptofpressureandthatthepressureatapointisthesameinalldirections

andtodistinguishbetweenthepressureasavariableanditsconsequentpressuregradient,b) beabletoevaluatethehydrostaticpressuredistributioninliquidsandgases,c) understandtheapplicationofthehydrostaticpressureconceptstotheprinciplesofoperation

ofmanometersandbarometers,d) be able to apply the hydrostatic principles in evaluating hydrostatic forces on submerged

surfaces,orinevaluatingbuoyancyforcesandstabilityoffloatingandsubmergedobjects.beabletoprovethatthepressureatapointinafluidisthesameinalldirections.

STUDYTHEME3:INTEGRALAPPROACHDuration:8lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninWhite

3.Integralapproach

3.1ClosedSystemvs.controlvolume 3.1

3.2Massbalanceandenergybalance 3.1

3.3Reynoldstransporttheorem 3.2

3.4Conservationofmass 3.3

3.5Conservationoflinearandangularmomentum 3.4

3.6Conservationofenergy 3.6

3.7Bernoulliequation 3.5

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandthedistinctionbetweenaclosedsystemandacontrolvolume,b) understandthedistinctionbetweenmassandenergybalancesforclosedsystemsversus

controlvolumes,c) understandthemeaningoftheReynoldstransporttheoremasanintegralbalanceequation

fordifferentfluidproperties,e.g.mass,energy,momentum,enthalpy,etc,d) understandthederivationofthemassbalanceequationfromtheReynoldstransport

theoremandbeabletoapplytheresultingequation,e) understandthederivationofthelinearmomentumbalanceequationfromtheReynolds

transporttheoremandbeabletoapplytheresultingequation,f) understandthederivationoftheangularmomentumbalanceequationfromtheReynolds

transporttheoremandbeabletoapplytheresultingequation,g) understandthederivationoftheenergybalanceequationfromtheReynoldstransport

theoremandbeabletoapplytheresultingequation,h) understandthederivationoftheBernoulliequationfromtheenergyequationapplicableto

frictionlessfloworalongastreamline,andbeabletoapplytheresultingBernoulliequation.3.1.2Reynolds’transporttheorem.

STUDYTHEME4:SIMILARITYANDDIMENSIONALANALYSISDuration:4lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninWhite

4.Similarityanddimensionalanalysis

4.1Dimensionalanalysis 5.1‐5.4

4.2Similarity

5.5

4.3Experimentationanddimensionlessvariables

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandthereasonsfortheneedtousedimensionalanalysis,b) beabletotransformtheNavier‐Stokesequationsintoadimensionlessform,c) beabletoexpresstheanalyticalsolutionsderivedintheme4intotheirdimensionlessform,d) beabletoapplysimilarityconditionswhenplanningsimplefluiddynamicsexperimentse) beabletoprocessexperimentalresultsintodimensionlessform

STUDYTHEME5:VISCOUSFLOWINDUCTSDuration:6lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninWhite

5.Viscousflowinducts 5.1Headlossandfrictionfactor 6.1–6.3

5.2Moodydiagram 6.4,6.6,6.7

5.3Minorlossesinpipesystems 6.9,6.10

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandthemeaningofheadlossandDarcyfrictionfactorforpipeflows,b) beabletolinkbetweentheskinfrictioncoefficientevaluatedintheme4andtheDarcy

frictionfactor,c) understandthesourceandderivationofthelaminarstraightlinerelationshipbetweenthe

frictionfactorandReynoldsnumberforthelaminarflowregimeinapipe,d) understandandbeabletousetheMoodydiagram,e) beabletosolveavarietyofpipeflowproblemsincludingminorlosses.beabletoindicatethe

differencebetweenlaminarandturbulentflowinchannelsaccordingtotheirrespectivelosses.STUDYTHEME6:BASICPRINCIPLES:HEATANDMASSTRANSFERDuration:2lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninCengel

6.Basicprinciples:Heatandmasstransfer

6.1Heatlossandotherformsofenergy 1.3

6.2Thefirstlawofthermodynamics 1.4

6.3Heattransfermechanisms 1.5

6.4Conduction 1.6

6.5Convection 1.7

6.6Radiation 1.8

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandthedistinctionbetweenaconduction,convectionandradiation.b) understandhowthermodynamicsandheattransferarerelatedtoeachother.c) Distinguishthermalenergyfromotherformsofenergy,andheattransferfromotherformsof

energytransfer.d) Performbasicenergybalancesaswellassurfaceenergybalances.e) Solvevariousheattransferproblemsencounteredinpractice.

STUDYTHEME7:HEATCONDUCTIONEQUATIONDuration:4lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninCengel

7.Heatconductionequation 7.1Introduction 2.1

7.2One‐dimensionalheatconductionequation 2.2

7.3Generalheatconductionequation 2.3

7.4Boundaryandinitialconditions 2.4

7.5Solutionofsteadyone‐dimensionalheatconductionproblems

2.5

7.6Heatgenerationinasolid 2.6

7.7Variablethermalconductivity 2.7

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandmultidimensionalityandtimedependenceofheattransfer,andtheconditions

underwhichaheattransfercanbeapproximatedasbeingone‐dimensional.b) Obtainthedifferentialequationofheatconductioninvariouscoordinatesystem,andsimplify

itforsteadyone‐dimensionalcase.c) Identifythethermalconditionsonsurfaces,andexpressthemmathematicallyasboundary

andinitialconditions.d) Solveone‐dimensionalheatconductionproblemsandobtainthetemperaturedistributions

withinamediumandtheheatflux.e) Analyseone‐dimensionalheatconductioninsolidsthatinvolveheatgeneration.STUDYTHEME8:STEADYHEATCONDUCTIONDuration:3lectures

Studytheme Studytopics SectioninCengel

8.Steadyheatconduction 8.1Steadyheatconductioninplanewalls 3.1

8.2Thermalcontactresistance 3.2

8.3Generalisedthermalresistancenetworks 3.3

8.4Heatconductionincylindersandspheres 3.4

8.5Criticalradiusofinsulation 3.5

8.6Heattransferfromfinnedsurfaces 3.6

8.7Heattransferincommonconfigurations 3.7

Learningoutcomes:Aftercompletionofthisstudytheme,thestudentshould:a) understandtheconceptofthermalresistanceanditslimitations,anddevelopthermal

resistancenetworksforpracticalheatconductionproblems,

b) solvesteadyconductionproblemsthatinvolvemultilayerrectangular,cylindrical,orsphericalgeometries,

c) identifyapplicationsinwhichinsulationmayactuallyincreaseheattransfer,d) analysefinnedsurfaces,andassesshowefficientlyandeffectivelyfinsenhanceheat

transfer,e) solvemultidimensionalpracticalheatconductionproblemsusingconductionshape

factors.

Appendix A: REGULATIONS REGARDING PRACTICALS Generala)Practicals 1‐2 each take approximately30min to complete.Practical3 is done in thestudents’owntimeandshouldtakeapproximatelyoneday.b)Timesforpracticals1‐2willbechosenbygroupsafterconstructionofthegroupsduringthefirsttwoweeksoflectures.Practicalsstartafteranannouncementtothiseffect.TheduedateforPractical3willbeannouncedonClickUP.c)Groupsthatarenotwell‐preparedmayberefusedentrancetothepracticalsessions.d)Eachgroupmustperformallthreepracticals.e)Eachstudentmustattendeachofpractical1and2(confirmedbysignatureonteachingassistant’ssheet).f)Asub‐minimumof50%foreachpracticalisrequiredforexamentrance.g)Nostudentwillbeexemptfromanypractical.Thisincludesrepeatingstudents.Reports a)Documentyourfindingsindetail.Yourreportshouldtypicallyincludethefollowing: Aim/Motivation(complete) Method Results Conclusionandevaluation(Extremelyimportant!) b)Handinagroupreportwithin5lecturedaysaftercompletingpracticals1‐2.10%willbesubtractedfromthemarkforeachdayareportislate. c) Each report must have a standard cover page (refer to Plagiarism in Departmental Study Guide). The signature of each student in the group must be on the report. You are being trained to be professional engineers and must learn to assume responsibility for your own work. Add a column to the cover page where the percentage contribution of each member is indicated. Example for 4 members of group where all group members participated equally by consensus:

StudentA 25%

StudentCStudentD

StudentB

%contribution

25%

25%25%

Appendix B: ECSA OUTCOME 2

UniversityofPretoriaDepartmentofMechanicalandAeronauticalEngineering

MTV310ThermofluidsAssignment,Practical,TestandExamOutcomeEvaluationSheet

EvaluationintermsofECSAOutcomesasperECSAdocumentPE61section2.Outcome2isconsideredcriticalandmustbepassed.Outcome2:ApplicationofscientificandengineeringknowledgeThestudentmustdemonstratecompetencetoapplyknowledgeofmathematics,basicscienceandengineeringsciencesfromfirstprinciplestosolveengineeringproblems.1.Bringsmathematical,numericalanalysisandstatisticalknowledgeandmethodstobearonengineeringproblemsbyusinganappropriatemixof:

1.1 Formalanalysisandmodelingofengineeringcomponents,systemsorprocesses.1.2 Communicatingconcepts,ideasandtheorieswiththeaidofmathematics.1.3 Reasoningaboutandconceptualizingengineeringcomponents,systemsor

processesusingmathematicalconcepts.1.4 Dealingwithuncertaintyandriskthroughtheuseofprobabilityandstatistics.

2.Usesphysicslawsandknowledgeofthephysicalworldasafoundationfortheengineeringsciencesandthesolutionofengineeringproblemsbyanappropriatemixof:

2.1 Formalanalysisandmodelingofengineeringcomponents,systemsorprocessesusingprinciplesandknowledgeofthebasicsciences.

2.2 Reasoningaboutandconceptualizingengineeringproblems,components,systemsorprocessesusingprinciplesofthebasicsciences.

3.Usesthetechniques,principlesandlawsofengineeringscienceatafundamentallevelandinatleastonespecialistareato:

3.1 Identifyandsolveopen‐endedengineeringproblems.3.2 Identifyandpursueengineeringapplications.3.3 Workacrossengineeringdisciplinaryboundariesthroughcrossdisciplinary

literacyandsharedfundamentalknowledge.EvaluationMatrixtoassessECSAExitlevelofOutcome2:Hasthestudentusedacorrectandlogicalmethodtosolvetheproblem? √ XHasthestudentshownallworkinginhis/herderivationtoachievethesolution?

√ X

Hasthestudentmadeallthenecessaryassumptionstosolvetheproblem? √ XHasthestudentexplainedhis/herreasoningbehindusingtherelevantequations/methodtosolvetheproblem?

√ X

Hasthestudentconsideredifthesolutionisviableinpracticeunderphysicslawsinthephysicalworld?

√ X

Hasthestudentmadecorrectnumericalapproximations? √ XResult √ X

Thestudentmustpassaminimumof3ticks(√)andatotalof50%averagedoverallquestionstoachieveOutcome2.Thismatrixwillbeattachedtoeachsemestertestandexam.