Thermodyypnamic temperature determination with absolutely … · 2009. 12. 10. · Thermodyypnamic...

Thermodynamic temperature determination with Thermodynamic temperature determination with y py pabsolutely calibrated filter radiometers in absolutely calibrated filter radiometers in

the temperature range from 419 the temperature range from 419 °°C to 962 C to 962 °°CC

D. R. TaubertD. R. Taubert, K. Anhalt, B. Gutschwager,, K. Anhalt, B. Gutschwager, J. Hartmann, J. Hartmann, N. Noulkhow, P. Meindl, C. Monte, L. Werner, J. HollandtN. Noulkhow, P. Meindl, C. Monte, L. Werner, J. Hollandt

FilterradiometerPhysikalischPhysikalisch--Technische BundesanstaltTechnische Bundesanstalt

PhysikalischPhysikalisch--Technische BundesanstaltTechnische Bundesanstalt

ContentsContents

Introduction / motivationIntroduction / motivation

P i i l / i t t ti f th d iP i i l / i t t ti f th d iPrinciple / instrumentation for thermodynamic Principle / instrumentation for thermodynamic temperature determinationtemperature determination

Filter radiometer calibration scheme and Filter radiometer calibration scheme and instrumentationinstrumentation

Results for Results for TT--TT9090

NIR InGaAsNIR InGaAs--photodiode filter radiometerphotodiode filter radiometer

Results for Results for TT--TT90 90 with NIR filter radiometerwith NIR filter radiometer

SummarySummarySummarySummary

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt 2

Introduction: Temperature scalesIntroduction: Temperature scales

ThermodynamicThermodynamic

T / K

The InternationalThe Internationalradi

atio

nra

diat

ion

awaw

1357.77 Cu1337.33 Au1234.93 Ag

Thermodynamic Thermodynamic Temperature ScaleTemperature Scale

Temperature Temperature Scale of 1990 Scale of 1990 (ITS(ITS--90)90)P

lanc

k P

lanc

k l ala

Absolute ZeroT i l P i t f W t

933.473 Al

692 677 Zn

Defining Fixed PointsInterpolationsi

stan

ce

sist

ance

m

eter

sm

eter

s

Triple Point of Water:273.16 K exactUnit: fraction 1/273.16

692.677 Zn505.078 Sn429.7485 In302.9146 Ga

Interpolation Instruments

atin

um re

sat

inum

res

ther

mom

ther

momof H2O-TP

0

273.16 TP H2O pla

pla


0

Introduction: Thermodynamic Basis of the ITSIntroduction: Thermodynamic Basis of the ITS--90 90

H2O-TP Zn-FP Al-FP Ag-FP Au-FP Cu-FP

T / K273.16 692.677 933.473 1234.93 1337.33 1357.77

absolute thermometry relative radiation thermometryPTB IR-pyrometerNIST gas thermometry

gas thermometryreference value

T = 730 K (457 °C)Tref = 730 K (457 C)


Introduction: Thermodynamic Basis of the ITSIntroduction: Thermodynamic Basis of the ITS--9090

P t Th d i T t M t f th ITSP t Th d i T t M t f th ITS 9090Preparatory Thermodynamic Temperature Measurements for the ITSPreparatory Thermodynamic Temperature Measurements for the ITS--90: 90: Constant Volume Gas Thermometry (CVGT) at NISTConstant Volume Gas Thermometry (CVGT) at NISTTwo, Two, independentindependent data sets for the intermediate temperature rangedata sets for the intermediate temperature range

0.000

0.020

0.000

0.020

R E Edsinger J F Schooley

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

T-T 6

8/ K

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

T-T 6

8/ K

R. E. Edsinger, J. F. Schooley1989; 230 °C – 660 °C

-0.100

-0.080

T

-0.100

-0.080

T

L.A.Guildner, R. E. Edsinger,

-0.140

-0.120

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700t / °C

-0.140

-0.120

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700t / °C

1976; 0 °C – 457 °C

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

t / °Ct / °C

5


t ti di it ti di iS l ti (CCT WG 4) idS l ti (CCT WG 4) id b t th t t f lt “b t th t t f lt “

0 0200 020

R. E. Edsinger, J. F. Schooley, 1989

systematic discrepanciessystematic discrepancies10 mK10 mK 30 mK !30 mK !20 mK20 mK

Solution (CCT WG 4): „..midSolution (CCT WG 4): „..mid--way between the two sets of results“way between the two sets of results“(Metrologia 1991, 28, 9(Metrologia 1991, 28, 9--18)18)

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.060

-0.050

T-T 6

8/ K

-0.060

-0.050

T-T 6

8/ K

-0.090

-0.080

-0.070T

-0.090

-0.080

-0.070T

L.A.Guildner,

-0.100200 250 300 350 400 450 500

t / °C

-0.100200 250 300 350 400 450 500

t / °C

L.A.Guildner, R. E. Edsinger,1976


457 457 °°CC

Introduction: Thermodynamic Basis of the ITSIntroduction: Thermodynamic Basis of the ITS--90 90 thermodynamic uncertaintythermodynamic uncertainty d tid ti titithermodynamic uncertaintythermodynamic uncertainty

of the ITSof the ITS--90 fixed points90 fixed points

13 mK13 mK

quadraticquadratic error propagationerror propagation

25 mK25 mK 43 mK43 mK 50 mK50 mK 52 mK52 mKH2O-TP Zn-FP Al-FP Ag-FP Au-FP Cu-FP

T / K

13 mK13 mK 25 mK25 mK 43 mK43 mK 50 mK50 mK 52 mK52 mK

273.16 692.677 933.473 1234.93 1337.33 1357.77absolute thermometry relative radiation thermometry

PTB IR-pyrometerNIST gas thermometry

gas thermometryreference value

T = 730 K (457 °C)Tref = 730 K (457 C)

15 mK15 mK



increased thermodynamic uncertainty of the ITS-90 high temperature fixed points

Problem:

Application: High temperature blackbodies (HTBB) as primary

Au-FP: u(TAu-FP) = 0.050 Kpp g p ( ) p y

standards for the UV-precision radiometry

THTBB = 3500 Ku(THTBB ) ≈ 0.345 K

relative uncertainty ofthe realized spectral irradiancethe realized spectral irradiance

nm20020 ==∆ λ

λ

λ %.EE


λE


Measurement of the Total Solar Irradiancecritical factor in climate prediction 0.2% !0.2% !

Source:Physikalisch-MeteorologischesObservatorium Davos /World Radiation Center


World Radiation Center(PMOD/WRC)

MotivationMotivation

Decision:Decision: Which of the two NIST gas thermometry series is closer to the thermodynamic temperature ?

PTB approach:PTB approach:Absolute radiometric determination of thermodynamic temperatures of blackbodies with lowest possible ??temperatures of blackbodies with lowest possible uncertainties and comparison with the ITS-90

I t t ti Ab l t l lib t d filt di t

??Instrumentation: Absolutely calibrated filter radiometers

Task: 15 mK @ 730 KTask: 15 mK @ 730 K

TT

cLL ∆

λ∆

⋅⋅

= 22 λλ=1000 nm=1000 nm

4104 −⋅≈LL∆ !!


Thermodynamic temperature determinationThermodynamic temperature determinationSchematic experimental setupSchematic experimental setupSchematic experimental setupSchematic experimental setup

( ) ( )TLTTL )( λλλ ( ) ( )

detector input:detector input:spectral irradiancespectral irradiance

detector input:detector input:spectral irradiancespectral irradiance

source output:source output:spectral radiancespectral radiance

source output:source output:spectral radiancespectral radiance

precision aperturesT90

( ) ( )TLTTL ,),(, BB, λλελ λλ ⋅= ( ) ( )TLdrrGTE ,),,(, 21 λλ λλ ⋅=

r1 r2d

source:source: blackbody,blackbody,thermodynamic temperature T,

emissivity emissivity εε ((λλ,T,T))

detector: filter radiometer,spectral irradiance responsivity sE(λ)

detector output:detector output:detector output:detector output:detector output:detector output:photocurrentphotocurrent

detector output:detector output:photocurrentphotocurrent

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

λλλλ dsTETGI E =⋅=

∫∫ ,,photo


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) λλλλε λ dsTLTdrrG EBB ⋅⋅= ∫ ,,,, ,21

Large area blackbody (LABB) Large area blackbody (LABB) –– schematic viewschematic view

outer heater cooled

copper plateouter heatpipe inner heatpipeheat ins lation

emissivity calculation withemissivity calculation withMonteMonte--Carlo / rayCarlo / ray--tracing techniquetracing technique

d t t fild t t filcopper plateinsulation measured temperature profilemeasured temperature profileof cavity included in the calculationof cavity included in the calculation

731 mm 78 mm 20 mm 28 mm

heat i i

t LABB /°C ε isothermal ε non-isothermal415 0.99990 0.99959

inner heater heat

insulation4 standard Pt-resistance thermometer

concrete support

precision aperture

alumina tubes 450 0.99991 0.99987

480 0.99990 0.99989510 0.99991 0.99988


LABB LABB -- Temperature stabilityTemperature stability

419.4810

419.4815

419 4800

419.4805

ture

/ °C

419.4795

419.4800

tem

pera

t

0.5 mK

419.4785

419.4790

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:000:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00

time / h4101 −⋅<

LL∆


Thermodynamic temperature determinationThermodynamic temperature determination

PTB experimental setupPTB experimental setupthermodynamic accuracy of ITSthermodynamic accuracy of ITS--90 (90 (TT--TT9090))temperature range: Zntemperature range: Zn--FP (419.527 FP (419.527 °°C) to AgC) to Ag--FP (961.78 FP (961.78 °°C)C)

large area blackbody (LABB)

i t f tinterferometer system

2 m2 mprecision aperture

filtfilter radiometer


Precision aperturesPrecision apertures

mmmm

5 mm

mmmm

5 mm

diamond turned (Al, Cu)diamond turned (Al, Cu)

thin, „knife like“thin, „knife like“--edgesedges5

m18

m

29°

15 µm5

m18

m

29°

15 µm nonnon--contact measurement ofcontact measurement ofthe aperture diameterthe aperture diameter

absolute uncertainty (absolute uncertainty (kk=1): < 0.5 µm=1): < 0.5 µm


Precision aperturesPrecision apertures


Filter Radiometer Filter Radiometer –– schematic viewschematic view

interference

temperature controlled housing

Absolute calibrationAbsolute calibrationinterference Absolute calibrationAbsolute calibration

spectral irradiance spectral irradiance responsivityresponsivity

relative standard relative standard uncertainty: ~10uncertainty: ~10--4 4

primary detector standard: primary detector standard: cryogenic radiometercryogenic radiometer

precision aperture Ø 5 mm

windowless siliconh t di d Pt-100

cryogenic radiometercryogenic radiometer

two step proceduretwo step procedure

photodiode10 mm x 10 mm temperature


Filter radiometer absolute calibration: step 1Filter radiometer absolute calibration: step 1

cryogenic radiometer RTCRcryogenic radiometer RTCRPTBPTB detector primary standarddetector primary standard

optical power optical power ΦΦ [ W ][ W ]

410−<Φ∆Φ

p pp p [ ][ ]

calibration at discrete laser lines

transfer standardtransfer standardtransfer standardtransfer standardspectral responsivity spectral responsivity ss((λλ) [A·W) [A·W--11]]

silicon photodiode basedsilicon photodiode basedtrap detectortrap detector


Spectral responsivity transfer standard: trap detectorSpectral responsivity transfer standard: trap detector

photodiode 3 h t

photo-diode 2

photo-diode 1

photo-

(background,not visible)

photo-diode1

photodiode 2 photo-

diode 3optical

high stabilitydetectorhousing

radiation

low reflectivitypolarization insensitivehomogenous responsivity

optical radiation


g p y

Trap detector: spectral responsivityTrap detector: spectral responsivity

lib ti t 14 l lilib ti t 14 l li

1 0

calibration at 14 laser linescalibration at 14 laser linesinterpolation with a physical modelinterpolation with a physical model

0 7

0.8

0.9

1.0

A·W

-1

Kr+-laserTi:sapphire-laserInterpolation relative uncertainty (relative uncertainty (kk=1)=1)

(400 t 950 )(400 t 950 )

0 4

0.5

0.6

0.7

espo

nsiv

ity / (400 nm to 950 nm)(400 nm to 950 nm)

1·101·10--44 at the laser lines at the laser lines 2·102·10--44 to 1·10to 1·10--33

0 1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Spec

tral

re 2·102·10 44 to 1·10to 1·10 33

continuouscontinuous scalescale

0.0

0.1

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100Wavelength / nm

W t l M t l i 2000 37 279 284


Werner et al., Metrologia, 2000, 37, 279-284

Filter radiometer absolute calibration: step 2Filter radiometer absolute calibration: step 2

cryogenic radiometer RTCRcryogenic radiometer RTCRPTBPTB detector primary standarddetector primary standard

optical power optical power ΦΦ [ W ][ W ]

410−<Φ∆Φ trap detectortrap detector

p pp p [ ][ ]

calibration at discrete laser lines

precision aperturecombinationcombination

transfer standardtransfer standardtransfer standardtransfer standard

spectralspectral irradianceirradiance responsivityresponsivity ssEE((λλ) [A·W) [A·W--11·m·m22]]

PTBPTB SpectralSpectralC t F ilitC t F ilit

transfer standardtransfer standardspectral responsivity spectral responsivity ss((λλ) [A·W) [A·W--11]]

spectral spectral irradianceirradiance responsivity responsivity ssEE((λλ) [A W) [A W mm ]]

calibration by comparisonComparator FacilityComparator Facility

silicon photodiode basedsilicon photodiode basedtrap detectortrap detectorfilter radiometerfilter radiometer

spectral irradiance responsivityspectral irradiance responsivity ss ((λλ) [A·W) [A·W--11·m·m22]]


spectral irradiance responsivity spectral irradiance responsivity ssEE((λλ) [A·W) [A·W 11·m·m22]]

Spectral comparator facilitySpectral comparator facility —— schematic viewschematic view

FILTER WHEEL (SUPPRESSION OF HIGHER ORDERS)SPECTRAL

LAMP

TUNGSTENGRATING FILTER

RADIOMETERTUNGSTEN HALOGEN

LAMP

MONOCHROMATOR ZEISS SPM2 (f=400 mm)

RADIOMETER

TRANSFER

f = 450 mm

LEISS PRISM O OC O O

TRANSLATION UNIT

TRANSFER-DETECTOR

f =300 mm

SPECTRAL OR TUNGSTEN

MONOCHROMATOR

f =150 mm

LIGHTTIGHT ENCLOSURE


HALOGEN LAMP

Spectral comparator facilitySpectral comparator facility

gratingmonochromator

tungstenhalogen

lamp

prismpre-disperser


lamp

Spectral comparator facilitySpectral comparator facility

f =f = ∞∞

filterradiometer

f = f = ∞∞

f = f = ∞∞translation

stage

f = f = 300 mm300 mmtraptrapdetector


Filter radiometer calibration Filter radiometer calibration -- resultsresults

1.E+00

2

investigation of the thermodynamic accuracy of the ITS-90 from 419 °C to 962 °C !

1.E-04

1.E-02

vity

/ A

·W-1

·m2

476 nm676 nm 900 nm

800 nm 1000 nm

1.E-08

1.E-06

ce re

spon

siv

1.E-12

1.E-10

tral

irra

dian

c

1.E-16

1.E-14

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Spec

t


Wavelength / nm

Results for Results for TT--TT9090 (Si filter radiometer)(Si filter radiometer)

0.35

0.40676 nm, 1995800 nm, 1995

0.25

0.30 800 nm, 2000900 nm, 20001000 nm, 2000

2⎞⎛ T

0.15

0.20

T-T 9

0 / K

Fit (676 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm)

K 730ref

refref

90

=

⋅⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛=−

T

∆TTTTT

0.05

0.10

-0.05

0.00

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100t / °CK730

mKref =

T∆T 21


t90 / °CK 730ref =T

Results for Results for TT--TT90 90 –– comparison with gas thermometrycomparison with gas thermometry

0 10

0.15676 nm, 1995 800 nm, 1995800 nm, 2000 900 nm, 2000Fit (676 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm) T-T90 (Edsinger 1989)

0.05

0.10

K

T-T90 (Guildner 1976)

0.00

T-T 9

0 / K

-0.05

-0.10100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

t90 / °C

27

Results for Results for TT--TT90 90 –– uncertaintyuncertaintyfilter radiometer

in units of 10-4500 °C 660 °C 450 °C 660 °C 419 °C 660 °C

geometryarea aperture LABB 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

filter radiometer800 nm 900 nm 1000 nm

thermal expansion aperture LABB 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3diffraction correction 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0aperture distance (50 µm @ 1000 mm) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

total 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1

ITS 90realization ITS 90 ( 9.9 mK @ 660 °C) 2.4 1.6 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.6temperature stability LABB (± 2 mK) 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3

total 2 5 1 7 2 4 1 9 2 0 1 7total 2.5 1.7 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.7

measurement of Tphoto current I photo 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5calibration I/U -converter 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

lib ti di it l lt t 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2calibration digital voltmeter 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2numerical integration photocurr. integral 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5n refraction index air 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3k Boltzman constant (CODATA 1998) 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3emissivity LABB (0.99994 ± 0.00008) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.8


total 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.5

Results for Results for TT--TT90 90 –– uncertaintyuncertainty

in units of 10-4500 °C 660 °C 450 °C 660 °C 419 °C 660 °C

geometry

filter radiometer800 nm 900 nm 1000 nm

total 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1

ITS 90

total 2 5 1 7 2 4 1 9 2 0 1 7total 2.5 1.7 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.7

measurement of T

total 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.5

filter radiometer calibrationcalibration spectral comparator 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 5.3 5.3diffraction correction 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5central wavelength 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.0

total 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.7 5.4 5.4

total uncertainty 4.6 4.0 4.6 4.1 6.4 6.2temperature equivalent (mK) 15 19 15 22 21 38


NIR InGaAs photodiode filter radiometerNIR InGaAs photodiode filter radiometer

thermodynamic temperature determinationthermodynamic temperature determinationSi photodiodeSi photodiode

based filter radiometerbased filter radiometer

thermodynamic temperature determination thermodynamic temperature determination of blackbodies of blackbodies 419 419 °°C up to 3000 C up to 3000 °°CCbelow 500 below 500 °°C a difficult task, even C a difficult task, even below 500 below 500 C a difficult task, even C a difficult task, even at at λλcc=1000 nm =1000 nm

InGaAs photodiodeInGaAs photodiodeb d fil dib d fil di

centre wavelength: 1595 nm centre wavelength: 1595 nm based filter radiometerbased filter radiometer spectral bandwidth (FWHM): 100 nmspectral bandwidth (FWHM): 100 nm

thermodynamic temperature determination in the range 419 thermodynamic temperature determination in the range 419 °°C C –– 660 660 °°C C

uncertainty: 100 mK @ 457 uncertainty: 100 mK @ 457 °°C !C !

main contribution: uncertainty of themain contribution: uncertainty of thespectral responsivity in thespectral responsivity in the


p p yp p yNIR wavelength range (0.95 µm NIR wavelength range (0.95 µm –– 1.65 µm)1.65 µm)


1.0E+09

1.0E+11

Z FP (692 677 K)Ag-FP (1234.93 K)

Si photodiodes

676 nm900 nm800 nm

1000 nm

1 0E+01

1.0E+03

1.0E+05

1.0E+07

W·m

-3·s

r-1 Sn-FP (505.078 K)Zn-FP (692.677 K)1000 nm

1.0E-05

1.0E-03

1.0E-01

1.0E+01

l rad

ianc

e / W

Shift to the near infrared is mandatory !

1 0E 13

1.0E-11

1.0E-09

1.0E-07

spec

tra

InGaAs photodiodes

1.0E-15

1.0E-13

300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900

wavelength / nm


NIR InGaAs photodiode filter radiometer NIR InGaAs photodiode filter radiometer –– PTBPTB first approachfirst approach

1.E-02

1.E+00

W-1

·m-2 Si

1.E-02

1.E+00

W-1

·m-2 Si InGaAs

1.E-06

1.E-04

nsiv

ity /

A·W 476 nm

676 nm 900 nm800 nm 1000 nm

1.E-06

1.E-04

nsiv

ity /

A·W 476 nm

676 nm 900 nm800 nm 1000 nm 1595 nm

1.E-10

1.E-08

ianc

e re

spon

1.E-10

1.E-08

ianc

e re

spon

1.E-14

1.E-12

pect

ral i

rrad

i

1.E-14

1.E-12

pect

ral i

rrad

i

1.E-16200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Wavelength / nm

Sp

1.E-16200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Wavelength / nm

Sp



PTBPTB objective objective : : improvementimprovement of of thermodynamic temperature determinations thermodynamic temperature determinations in the Znin the Zn--FP (419 FP (419 °°C) temperature range / extension down to SnC) temperature range / extension down to Sn--FP (232 FP (232 °°C)C)

improvement of the spectral responsivity scale in the near infrared

Si trap detectors: Si trap detectors: uurelrel((ss) ≈) ≈ 0.02 % (500 nm 0.02 % (500 nm –– 850 nm) 850 nm) pp relrel(( )) % (% ( ))

InGaAs photodiodes: InGaAs photodiodes: uurelrel((ss) ≈ 0.17 % (0.95 µm ) ≈ 0.17 % (0.95 µm –– 1.65 µm) 1.65 µm)

one order of magnitude !one order of magnitude !

Establishment of a new, cryogenic radiometer facility for the Establishment of a new, cryogenic radiometer facility for the high accuracy calibration of InGaAs transfer detectorshigh accuracy calibration of InGaAs transfer detectors

design and calibration of new InGaAsdesign and calibration of new InGaAs--photodiode based filter radiometerphotodiode based filter radiometer


NIRNIR--Detector calibration facility: monochromator sourceDetector calibration facility: monochromator sourceLaser for adjustment and wavelength calibrationl h wavelength calibrationwavelength range:

900 nm – 1820 nmoptical power:1 µW – 2 µW

Tungsten halogenlamp

Prism-grating double monochromator

Monitorbeam

CryogenicDetectors under test

CCD


Cryogenicradiometer

Detectors under test

NIRNIR--Detector calibration facility: tunable laser sourceDetector calibration facility: tunable laser sourceLaser for adjustment and wavelength calibrationwavelength ranges: wavelength calibrationwavelength ranges:

1260 nm – 1370 nm1460 nm – 1580 nm optical power:> 20 µW

Tungsten halogenlamp

> 20 µW

Prism-grating double monochromator

Monitorbeam

Tunable laserOptical fiber

CryogenicDetectors under test

CCD


Cryogenicradiometer

Detectors under test

NIRNIR--Detector calibration facilityDetector calibration facility

Cryogenic radiometerCryogenic radiometerCRI, CryoRad II

Motorized stages for

Motorized stage 2

• vertical positioning• rotation of detectors


Motorized stage 2Motorized stage 2

Uncertainty budget: NIR spectral responsivityUncertainty budget: NIR spectral responsivityRadiation source

Source of uncertainty Radiation source

Tungsten halogen lamp Tuneable diode laser

Instability of cryogenic radiometer (noise, drift) 0.075% 0.011%

Uncertainty in wavelength 0 030% 0 001%Uncertainty in wavelength 0.030% 0.001%

Window transmittance 0.030% 0.010%

Uncertainty of electric power measurement 0.015% 0.015%

Detector temperature 0 005% 0 005%Detector temperature 0.005% 0.005%Cavity absorptance and nonequivalence of power measurement 0.003% 0.003%

Stray light 0.002% 0.002%

Combined relative standard uncertainty of spectral responsivity at beam position 0.088% 0.022%

Typical contribution of the nonuniformity of theTypical contribution of the nonuniformity of the transfer detector 0.030% 0.020%

Combined relative standard uncertainty of spectral responsivity 0.093% 0.030%


factor 5 improvement

NIR filter radiometer NIR filter radiometer –– schematic viewschematic view

temperaturecontrolled housing

temperature controlled housing

New New designdesign

interference filter Pt100temperature

sensor

interference

precision apertureØ 3 mm

miniaturex y translation stage

precision apertureØ 5 mm

i d l ili43.1

13.1

InGaAsh t di d

x-y translation stagewindowless siliconphotodiode

10 mm x 10 mm

Pt-100 temperature


photodiode

NIR filter radiometerNIR filter radiometer


NIR filter radiometer: Detector homogeneity characterizationNIR filter radiometer: Detector homogeneity characterization

I G A h t di dI G A h t di d ØØ 5 hi h h t i t t 20 M5 hi h h t i t t 20 MInGaAs photodiode: InGaAs photodiode: Ø = Ø = 5 mm; high shunt resistance, typ. > 20 M5 mm; high shunt resistance, typ. > 20 MΩΩλλ = 1300 nm= 1300 nmMeasurement spot size: Measurement spot size: Ø = 0.3 mmØ = 0.3 mm

1 4

1.8

2.2

2.6

0 999 1 1 4

1.8

2.2

2.6

0 999 1

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1.0

1.4

mm

0.999-10.998-0.9990.997-0.9980.996-0.9970.995-0.9960.994-0.9950.993-0.9940 992 0 993

-0.2

0.2

0.6

1.0

1.4

mm

0.999-10.998-0.9990.997-0.9980.996-0.9970.995-0.9960.994-0.9950.993-0.9940 992 0 993

-1.8

-1.4

-1.0

-0.60.992-0.9930.991-0.9920.99-0.991

-1.8

-1.4

-1.0

-0.60.992-0.9930.991-0.9920.99-0.991

-2.6 -2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6-2.6

-2.2

mm-2.6 -2.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6

-2.6

-2.2

mm

One colour change: One colour change: ∆∆ss//ss = 1·10= 1·10--33


O gO g ss//ss 00

NIR filter radiometer: interference filtersNIR filter radiometer: interference filters

1 0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.2absorptance (water vapour)

s(InGaAs-PD), monochromator

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

0 8

1.0

y, A

·W-1

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

abso

rpta

nce

0.6

0.8

l res

pons

ivity

1 0E 07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

a

0.4

spec

tral

1.0E-09

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 18000.0

0.2


800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800wavelength, nm


1 0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.2absorptance (water vapour)

s(InGaAs-PD), monochromator

s(InGaAs-PD), tunable laser

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

0 8

1.0

y, A

·W-1

( )

s(InGaAs-PD), tunable laser

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

abso

rpta

nce

0.6

0.8

l res

pons

ivity

1 0E 07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

a

0.4

spec

tral

1.0E-09

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 18000.0

0.2


800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800wavelength, nm


1 0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.2absorptance (water vapour)transmittance 1300 nmtransmittance 1550 nm

λc=1301 nm λc=1542 nm

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

mitt

ance

0 8

1.0

y, A

·W-1

s(InGaAs-PD), monochromators(InGaAs-PD), tunable lasers(InGaAs-PD), tunable laser

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

ance

/ tr

ansm

0.6

0.8

l res

pons

ivity

1 0E 07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

abso

rpta

0.4

spec

tral

1.0E-09

1.0E-08

1.0E-07

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 18000.0

0.2


800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800wavelength, nm

NIR filter radiometer: spectral irradiance responsivityNIR filter radiometer: spectral irradiance responsivity

1.E+00

m-2 Si InGaAs

1 E 06

1.E-04

1.E-02

ivity

/ A

·W-1

·

476 nm676 nm 900 nm

800 nm 1000 nm1550 nm

1300 nm 1595 nm

1 E 10

1.E-08

1.E-06

nce

resp

ons

1 E 14

1.E-12

1.E-10

ctra

l irr

adia

n

1.E-16

1.E-14

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Wa elength / nm

Spec


Wavelength / nm

Thermodynamic temperature determination: resultsThermodynamic temperature determination: results

0.10

T-T90

0.05

C

0.00

T-T

90, °

C

-0.05FR1300

-0.10400 450 500 550 600 650 700

FR1550


Temperature, °C


0.10

T-T90

0.05

C

0.00

T-T

90, °

C

ref

2

ref90 ⋅⎟⎟

⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛=− ∆T

TTTT

-0.05FR1300

FR1550

K 730ref =T

K 730mK15

ref

ref

=

=

T∆T

-0.10400 450 500 550 600 650 700

FR1550

fit to data


Temperature, °C


0.10

T-T90

0.05

C

0.00

T-T

90, °

C

-0.05 FR 900FR1300

-0.10400 450 500 550 600 650 700

FR1550fit to data


Temperature, °C

Thermodynamic temperature determination: uncertaintyThermodynamic temperature determination: uncertaintyFilter radiometer

Source of uncertainty FR1300 FR1550 FR1595Filter radiometer

∆s E/s E (×104)GeometryAperture area 0 4 0 4 0 4Aperture area 0.4 0.4 0.4Thermal expansion aperture 0.3 0.3 0.3Distance of the apertures 1.0 1.0 1.0Diffraction correction 1.0 1.0 1.0Measurement of TMeasurement of TPhotocurrent noise 0.5 0.5 0.5Calibration feedback resistors 1.0 1.0 1.0Calibration DVM 0.2 0.2 0.2Refractive index n 0 3 0 3 0 3Refractive index n 0.3 0.3 0.3Boltzmann constant k 0.2 0.2 0.2Numerical integration 0.5 0.5 0.5Emissivity LABB 0.8 0.8 0.8Homogeneity LABB 2.0 2.0 2.0g yFilter radiometer calibrationCalibration spectral comparator 5.8 5.5 13.5Diffraction correction 1.0 1.0 1.0Combined relative standard


uncertainty 6.6 6.3 13.9

Thermodynamic temperature determination: uncertaintyThermodynamic temperature determination: uncertainty

S f t i t FR1300 FR1 0 FR1 9Filter radiometer

Source of uncertainty FR1300 FR1550 FR1595∆s E/s E (×104)

Combined relative standard uncertainty 6.6 6.3 13.9Temperature equivalent

419 °C 29 32 74660 °C 52 59 134

u (T ) / mK

Measurement of T 90 u (T 90) / mK419 °C 7 7 7660 °C 10 10 10

419 °C 29 33 74u(T -T 90) / mK, k =1

660 °C 53 60 134


Results for Results for TT--TT9090 (Si and InGaAs filter radiometer)(Si and InGaAs filter radiometer)0 140 14

0.10

0.12

0.14676 nm, 1995 800 nm, 1995800 nm, 2000 900 nm, 2000Fit (676 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm) T-T90 (Edsinger 1989)T T90 (G ild 1976)0.10

0.12

0.14676 nm, 1995 800 nm, 1995800 nm, 2000 900 nm, 2000Fit (676 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm) T-T90 (Edsinger 1989)T-T90 (Guildner 1976) 1300 nm, 2006/20071550 2006/2007

0.06

0.08

0.10

/ K

T-T90 (Guildner 1976)

0.06

0.08

0.10

/ K

1550 nm, 2006/2007

0.02

0.04T-T

90

0.02

0.04T-T

90

-0.02

0.00

-0.02

0.00

-0.04100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

t 90 / °C

-0.04100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

t 90 / °C


t 90 / Ct 90 / C

Summary and OutlookSummary and Outlook

PTB operates laser and monochromator based cryogenic radiometer calibration facilitiesradiometer calibration facilities

Standard uncertainty (k=1) of the spectral responsivity:dissemination with Si trap detectors: 0.02 % to 0.1 %dissemination with InGaAs photodiodes: 0.03 % to 0.1%

Absolute calibration of filter radiometers at the Spectral Comparator Facility;Spectral Comparator Facility; standard uncertainty (k=1)of the spectral irradiance responsivity:

Si photodiode filter radiometer: 0.03 % to 0.06 %I G A h t di d filt di t 0 07 % t 0 14%InGaAs-photodiode filter radiometer: 0.07 % to 0.14%


Summary and OutlookSummary and Outlook

Systematic Systematic TT--TT9090 determinations with Sideterminations with Si--/ / InGaAsInGaAs--photodiode photodiode filter radiometers in conjunction with a high accuracy sodium filter radiometers in conjunction with a high accuracy sodium heat pipe blackbody in the temperature range from the Znheat pipe blackbody in the temperature range from the Zn--FPFPheat pipe blackbody in the temperature range from the Znheat pipe blackbody in the temperature range from the Zn--FP FP (419 (419 °°C) to the AgC) to the Ag--FP (962 FP (962 °°C)C)

Results forResults for TT TT of all applied filter radiometers are consistentof all applied filter radiometers are consistentResults for Results for TT--TT9090 of all applied filter radiometers are consistent of all applied filter radiometers are consistent within their uncertaintieswithin their uncertainties

R lt t l i di t th t th ITSR lt t l i di t th t th ITS 90 f f90 f fResults strongly indicate that the ITSResults strongly indicate that the ITS--90 reference from gas 90 reference from gas thermometry value has been chosen about thermometry value has been chosen about 15 15 mKmK to lowto low

Near future:Near future: TT--TT9090 determinations down to thedeterminations down to the SnSn--FP (232FP (232 °°C);C);Near future: Near future: TT TT9090 determinations down to the determinations down to the SnSn FP (232 FP (232 C);C);source: cesium heat pipe blackbodysource: cesium heat pipe blackbody


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Thermodyypnamic temperature determination with absolutely … · 2009. 12. 10. · Thermodyypnamic...

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