Principles of Kinetic Analysis for Condensed-Phase Thermal ...
Thermal & Kinetic Lecture 22 Problems Class II
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Transcript of Thermal & Kinetic Lecture 22 Problems Class II
![Page 1: Thermal & Kinetic Lecture 22 Problems Class II](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813929550346895da0d134/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Thermal & Kinetic Lecture 22
Problems Class II
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Thermal & Kinetic paper, ’04/’05: Q1
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Is it possible for the temperature of an ideal gas to rise without heat flowing into the gas?
Yes N
o
Don’t
know
0% 0%0%
1. Yes
2. No
3. Don’t know
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Must the temperature of an ideal gas necessarily change as a result of hear flow into or out of it?
Yes N
o
Don’t
know
0% 0%0%
1. Yes
2. No
3. Don’t know
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Thermal & Kinetic paper, ’02/’03: Paper 2, Q2
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…compare to CW Set 4
Q1. 1 mole of an ideal gas originally at a pressure of 1.0 x 104 Pa and occupying a volume of 0.2 m3 undergoes the following cyclic process:
(i) an adiabatic compression until the pressure is 3.0 x 104 Pa;(ii) an isobaric expansion to a volume of 0.4 m3;(iii) an isothermal expansion until the pressure reaches 1.0 x 104 Pa;(iv) an isobaric compression to the original volume of 0.2 m3.
Draw a PV diagram for this process [3].
For each of the stages (i) – (iv) calculate the heat transferred [5], the work done [5], and the change in internal energy [5].
Show that only internal energy is a function of state [2].
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V (m3)
P (kPa)
A
B C
D
30
10
0.2 0.4 V (m3)
P (kPa)
A
B C
D
30
10
0.2 0.4
F31ST1 CW4
Stage 1 Stage2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total
Work done +1.5 kJ -9 kJ -13.175 kJ + 10 kJ -10.675 kJ
Heat transferred
0 22.5 kJ 13.175 kJ -25 kJ +10.675 kJ
Change in internal energy
+1.5 kJ +13.5 kJ 0 -15 kJ 0
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Thermal & Kinetic paper, ’06/’07: Q7
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What do you need to use to solve this type of PV cycle question?
• Ideal gas law: PV = nRT• First law: U = Q + W• Equation for adiabatic, P1V1
P2V2
• Equation for adiabatic work:• Q = CvT (isochoric); • Q = CPT (isobaric)• Work done in isothermal, isobaric, isochoric
process• Only internal energy is a function of state
11122
VPVP
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Numerical answers to all (past!) exam questions are on web at:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/intranet/undergrad/ug_numericalanswers.php
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Q5. F31ST1 ’03 – ’04 Exam Paper
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What is the net change in internal energy of the gas for one cycle of the engine?
0 J
90
J
180
J 6
0 J
Don’t
know
93%
0% 3%3%0%
a) 0 J
b) 90 J
c) 180 J
d) 60 J
e) Don’t know
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When moving from point A to point B, what is the change in the volume of the gas?
90
m3
2 m
3
45
m3
32
m3
Don’t
know
11%
54%
21%
0%
14%
a) 90 m3
b) 2 m3
c) 45 m3
d) 32 m3
e) Don’t know
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Q3. F31ST1 ’06 – ’07 Exam Paper
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Dimensions of Boltzmann’s constant?
M2L
2 T2
Q
M2L
2 T2
Q-1
M2L
T-1
Q-1
ML2
T-2Q-1
Don’t
know
0%6%
13%
75%
6%
a) M2L2 T2b) M2L2 T2
c) M2L T-1
d) ML2 T-2
e) Don’t know
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If the energy levels are spaced by 0.25 eV and the number of molecules with energy E1 is a factor of 10-5
smaller than the number with energy E0, calculate the value of T.
101
K
211
2 K
273
K
252
K
None
of the
se
Don’t
know
0% 0%
26%
5%
63%
5%
a) 101 K
b) 2112 K
c) 273 K
d) 252 K
e) None of these
f) Don’t know
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Q2. F31ST1 ’04 – ’05 Exam Paper
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How many ways are there of distributing the energy?
618
0 1021
12
Don’t
know
24%
4% 4%4%
64%a) 6
b) 180
c) 10
d) 2112
e) Don’t know
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What is the probability of finding the system in a state where each oscillator has one quantum of energy?
50% 8% 10
% 1%
Don’t
know
0%6% 6%
0%
88%a) 50%
b) 8%
c) 10%
d) 1%
e) Don’t know
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Q8(b). F31ST1 ’05 – ’06 Exam Paper
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Total energy of configuration B?
e
2e
4e
5e
Don‘t
know
0% 0% 0%0%0%
a) b) 2c) 4d) 5e) Don‘t know
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Q8(b). F31ST1 ’05 – ’06 Exam Paper
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What is the equilbrium temperature of the system?
100
C 5
0 C
Nei
ther
of t
hese
Don’t
know
0% 0%0%0%
a) 100 C
b) 50 C
c) Neither of these
d) Don’t know
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Will the total change in entropy be:
Posi
tive
Neg
ativ
e Z
ero
Don’t
know
0% 0%0%0%
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Don’t know