Thermal Design of Automatic Power Factor Correction Panels
Transcript of Thermal Design of Automatic Power Factor Correction Panels
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Thermal Design of Automatic Power Factor
Correction Panels
Mudit Bhatia
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Importance
• Temperature – A deciding factor of life, especially for capacitors in APFC panels
• For every 10° C increase in temperature, life of the capacitor (any dielectric) reduces to half
• Parameters affecting the internal temperature of the panel :
Ti = Ta + PL.ZTHwhere, Ti : Internal temperature of the panel
Ta : Ambient temperature (around panel)PL : Power loss of components inside the panelZTH : Thermal impedance of the panel (°C / W)
ZTH
PL
Ta
Ti
What are the factors affecting thermal impedance?
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No sufficient space provided
around the reactor
1. Panel design related – Poor thermal design
Blocking/ Not providing suitable path for heat flow
Reactor kept near capacitor in
completely enclosed compartment
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Insufficient sizing of fans (lower heat flow rate) and/or louvers
Exhaust fans with less CFM
1. Panel design related – Poor thermal design
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Louvers
Cooling Fans
PLINTH
Inappropriate location of panel breathers/ fans
Louversimmediately under
exhaust fan
Inappropriate fan mounting
Reduced rate of air
flow, hence,
overheating
1. Panel design related – Poor thermal design
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Capacitors kept above
reactors
Reactors kept one above another
Improper positioning of major heat sources inside the panel
Capacitors kept close to
reactors
1. Panel design related – Poor thermal design
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2. Site Conditions Related
Dust Choking the breathers
Air velocity measurement through louvers
Choked with dust – no air flow
Air flow after cleaning
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• Cooling Fan Failures • Modifications made by the end user, inside the panel after commissioning
Thermistor not connected
2. Site Conditions Related
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Leakage through gasket due to aging
Louvers
Cooling Fans
PLINTH
Insufficient space around panels
• Panels kept too close to the walls
• Some objects blocking the bottom / inlet louvers
• Panel room ventilation
2. Site Conditions Related
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Recommendations
Reduced rate of air flow,
hence, overheating
Louvers
Cooling Fans
PLINTH
Louvers
Cooling Fans
PLINTH
Use of rails or
perforated plates for mounting
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• Decide the cooling method based on the allowed temperature rise
• Proper selection of fan size and number of such fans by doing necessary calculations
• Isolating the heat source with the temperature sensitive components
• The above can be enforced through new standard, which shall be derived through IEC 61439 / IEC 61921
Recommendations for better thermal design
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Thank youתודה
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