THERAPEUTIC

BOTANICALSROOTS, LEAVES, FLOWERS,

FRUIT & SEEDS

Jill Madison MS RD/N CLC

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Are the health benefits from consuming foods naturally

high in fiber, due to the fiber (and its positive impact on the

microbiome), or the phytochemicals & nutrients that

accompany high fiber foods?

T H E W H Y

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W H Y

O B J E C T I V E S

Distinguish

o Medicines: Traditional,

Ethnobotanical, Integrative,

Functional, Herbal & Culinary

o vs. Therapeutic botanicals

Illuminate

o Specific botanical therapeutics

that shine in food / beverages

o Recipes

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Know

o Evidence based practice

o Relevant law

o Professional referrals, books & resources

T R A D I T I O N A L

H E R B A L

E T H N O B O TA N I C A L

C O M P L E M E N TA RY

I N T E G R AT I V E

F U N C T I O N A L

C U L I N A RY

M O D E R N W E S T E R N 5

M E D I C I N E ( S )

MEDICINES

G L O B A L T R A D I T I O N A L

M E D I C I N E S

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TRADITIONAL

CHINESE MEDICINE

AYURVED

WESTERN

HERBALISM

• Long history: Sumerian to Greco, Roman, Egyptian and other European folk traditions

• Temperature, moisture, action, therapeutic use

• “What does this plant make the body do?”

Western Herbalism

• Oldest (?) complete medical tradition i.e. 2700 bce

• Historically based on empirical science, now becoming more evidence based with trials using herbal remedies

• Energetics, 6 tastes, 3 doshas, individualized health maintenance / balance (i.e. prevention/wellness)

Ayurved

• Systems based medicine, along with qualities such as elements, movements, 5 tastes, temperatures

• Foods/herbs have therapeutic/tx use via their energetics and impact on certain body systems i.e. “moves stagnant liver qi”, but also used in prevention/wellness

Trad. Chinese Med.

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E T H N O B O TA N Y P R I M E R

Adaptogen Alternative Aromatic Astringent Bitters

Carminative Demulcent Diaphoretic Diuretic Emollient

Expectorant Nervine Nutritive Tonic

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Provides excellent

macro/micronutrition

Stimulate appetite and

digestion by encouraging

the production of gastric

fluids and peristalsis

Mucilaginous - coats, soothes, and protects

mucus membranes - triggering a reflex that

helps promote natural moistening secretions

Reduce or

prevent

excess

gas

H E R B A L A C T I O N S

Restore overall balance and strengthen the functioning of the body as a whole -maintain a

healthy immune system, broad-spectrum normalizing influence on unbalanced physiological

processes / modulates stress, innocuous

Stimulate appetite and

digestion by encouraging

the production of gastric

fluids and peristalsis

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SUPPORT, NOT

CONTROL/FIX

BIODIVERSITY → RESILIENCE

B O TA N I C A L T H E R A P E U T I C S

M O D E L

Biodiversity →

o Which ‘ecosystem’ needs added pesticides/fertilizer?

o Which is more productive? (and for whom?)

o Which is more resilient?

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Where/how do botanical therapeutics thrive?

o Support overall nourishment (!)

o Immunity (?)

o Digestion (?)

o Breastfeeding (?)11

“ O V E R A L L N O U R I S H M E N T ? ”

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Macro & micronutrients are essential for life

Is there more to physical nourishment?

What about phytochemicals?

• Anti-oxidants, Flavonoids i.e. Anthocyanins?

• Polyphenols i.e. Curcuminoids?

• Terpenes i.e. Sesquiterpenes?

• Glucosinolates?

• Carotenoids i.e. Lycopene?

• Chlorophyll?

• Polysaccharides i.e. Pectin & Lignan & Beta-glucans?

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W H O L E P L A N T S A R E

D I F F I C U LT TO S T U D Y

• Majority of studies done are not on herbs as a whole, but the

individual chemicals that stimulate a desired response in the body.

• When a particular plant chemical causes a particular reaction, that

chemical is then extracted from the plant.

• We know how specific vitamins/minerals and when intake is low, we

supplement – however the individual vitamin/mineral supplements

often don’t benefit health the same way a whole food will. Milk vs.

Ca/D supplements.

• Systems biology is complicated.

Digestion → different metabolites with different bioactive ingredients from

parental compounds → unclear which are the bioactive ingredients or

metabolites responsible of the effect and their relevance in humans and

whether they function isolated or in symphony.

B O TA N I C A L S E L E C T I O N S

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• Excellent historical ethnobotanical use & EBP

– Good human safety data, often with unknown direct mechanism.

– Food-based herbs generally regarded as safe for all with no reports of

toxicity

• Not too pricey or endangered

• Relevant to pediatrics

– NOT adult diseases/conditions like cvd/htn/weightloss/etc.

• ‘Edible’ with culinary applications

– Using WHOLE plant or certain parts – not reductive compounds.

– Not a plant packaged into a pill / supplement, nor a traditional yet

topical remedy like aloe.

P R E PA R AT I O N S

• Understand the many ways to prepare & use herbs culinarily

– Leaves, Flowers, Seeds: use less DRY than FRESH, add directly into your recipes matching flavors

– Culinary additions: syrups, vinegars, oils, salts, pesto/salsas/sauces, ice cubes

• What is the most consumed beverage in the world? (after water)

• Tea

– Leaves, Flowers, Seeds: HOT INFUSION

• Dry: ~1 tablespoon herb/flower/seed: 1 quart water, add just boiled water and steep for 15-60 minutes

• Fresh: ~1 oz wt or 1 cup fresh herb/flower: 1 quart water, add just boiled water and steep for 15-60 minutes

– Mucilaginous Roots, Flowers: COLD INFUSION

• Soak ½ oz wt: 1 quart cold/room temp water for 8-12 hours

– Roots or dry/woody/hard mushrooms: DECOCTION

• ~2 tablespoons herb: 1 quart water, simmer together in a covered pot for 15-60 minutes 15

P R E PA R AT I O N S

Use your RD skills...

• Are the nutrients you want water or fat soluble?

• Know which part of each specific plant has the nutrition you want

• Know multiple factors affect chemical composition of plants (variety, genotype, climate, soil, vegetative stage, harvest time, storage, processing and treatment)

• Food-based herbs/spices vs. dosing

– All botanicals in this ppt are food based, you can add to taste.

– Dosing? Not as important as when using ‘culinarily’ but common in herbal medicine resources: take the child’s weight in pounds, divided by 150, then multiplied by the adult dose.

Chamomile

Adult dose of flower head: average daily dose 2–8g, 3 times a day; of fluid extract 1:1 in 45% ethanol: dose 1–4ml, 3 times a day.

Child dose of flower head: 2g, 3 times daily; of fluid extract (ethanol 45–60%): single dose 0.6–2ml.

Should not be used by children under 3 years old.16

B O TA N I C A L S

b y p l a n t a n a t o m y

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R O O T S L E AV E S F L O W E R S F R U I T S E E D S

Astralagus Anise → Calendula Amla Anise

Burdock Dandelion → Cannabis Elder Cacao

Chicory Gotu Kola Chamomile Goji Caraway

Garlic Holy Basil Elder → Hawthorne Fennel

Ginger Kombu Hibiscus Lemon/Lime Fenugreek

Gingko Lemon Balm Lavender Rosehip Flax

Ginseng Mint(s) Passionflower Ume Hemp

Kudzu Oat Straw Rose Schisandra Kalanji

Marshmallow Nettle Saffron *Enoki* Milky Oat

Turmeric Oregano Violet *Reishi* Nutmeg

Rosemary *Shitake* Oat

Sage *Turkey Tail* Pepper

Thyme

Adaptogen Alternative Aromatic Astringent Bitters

Carminative Demulcent Diaphoretic Diuretic Emollient

Expectorant Nervine Nutritive Tonic

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2 A D A P TO G E N S

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A S T R A L A G U S

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N A M E S ( B O T A N I C A L ,

F A M I L Y , C O M M O N )

Astralagus membranaceus, Leguminosae/Fabaceae, Milk vetch, Huáng qi

PA RT S U S E D Root (rhizome)

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Adaptogen (helps the body adapt to stress and to exert a normalizing effect

upon bodily processes, Tonic (helps build immune resistance, inflamm. and

parasympathetic response), Anti-inflammatory, Taste/temp/energy:

sweetish, warming/moistening/ascending.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

As food or extract; immunoregulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,

cardiotonic / improving endurance, antihyperglycemic.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

224+ known bioactive polysaccharides, flavonoids, and triterpene saponins.

Also rich in Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn.

C L I N I C A L

U S E

In vitro & in vivo investigations have confirmed that Astragalus enhances

the immune system (stimulates macrophage, NK cells, helps to activate T

cells and IgA/M response) however relationship betw chemical constituents

and activity unclear.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Typically purchase root as dry slices or chunks, great for broths (esp. in a

pressure cooker/crock/instapot), or into liquid base when cooking whole

grains. ‘Decoct’ or simmer for ~2-4 hrs for best extraction. Try adding

astralagus to a homemade chai recipe! Mild, sweetish flavor easily blends

into recipes. Food or tea. Remove root pieces prior to serving.

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H O LY B A S I L / T U L S I

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N A M E SOcimum sanctum, Lamiaceae, Tulsi, Holy Basil (with different varieties;

vana, rama, krishna)

PA RT S U S E D Aerial parts, leaves, stems, seeds

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Adaptogen, Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulation, Carminative, Tonic,

Nervine (more distantly). Taste/temp/energy: warming and cooling with a

sweet, spicy, pungent taste.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

As tea, juice or supplement/extract; adaptogenic, immune stimulant

(antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory), neurocognitive

effects - calming & grounding, cardioprotective, dispelling of gas.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

Polyphenols: eugenol, caryophyllene, triterpenoic acids. Vitamin A, Vitamin

C, beta carotene, calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, and chlorophyll.

C L I N I C A L

U S E

In vitro, animal and human studies attest multiple therapeutic actions, esp

NK, IL & T cell response. Also inhibts COX 2, anti-inflammatory. Review of

24 human studies showed positive/safe impact although much variation on

use, dose, and lack of clarity on mechanism of action.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Teas and infusions. Great hot or iced, alone or mixed. “Spicy” – floral,

clove-ish, peppery, lemony. Because of its high volatile oil content it is

steeped for 5-10 minutes covered. You can start with 1 tsp of the leaf and

increase as desired.

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2 B I T T E R S

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D A N D E L I O N

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N A M E S Taraxacum officinale, Asteraceae, Dandelion

PA RT S U S E DAll parts - roots (nutritive, esp. inulin only in unroasted root) – leaves

(bitter & nutritive), flowers

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Both root & leaves are bitter (cholagogue), nutritive, very gentle laxative.

Leaves a diuretic (bp lowering); tonic. Taste/temp/energy: bitter, slightly

stimulating, cooling and draining.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

Leaves as food, root as tea (decoction), broth, juice or tincture. Nutritive,

antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

Leaves: higher levels of Fe, vit B2 & E than any of our

cultivated greens (spinach, collards, kale), also high in fiber,

sesquiterpenes, taraxacin, polyphenols, polysaccharides, vit A &C, B3, Ca,

K, Cu, Zn, Mg. Root: unusually high amt of inulin (fall is best). Flowers:

high in lutein (eye health).

C L I N I C A L

U S E

Long history as a folk remedy - now an increasing scientific data and

gaining evidence-based credibility! in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory

activity in IBD (down reg of cytokines), polysaccharides in root (inulin)

excellent prebiotic w/ immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Root: tea (decoct – simmer 1-4hrs). Leaves raw or sautéed mixed with

other greens, pesto soup/stews, etc., flowers raw in salads, baking.

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Stark, et al. 2019

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3 C A R M I N AT I V E S

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G I N G E R

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N A M E S Zingiber officinale, Zingiberaceae, Ginger

PA RT S U S E D Root (rhizome)

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Carminative, Aromatic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-microbial, Diaphoretic.

Taste/temp/energy: heating, drying, dispersing.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

Dyspepsia and a variety of GI issues, appetite stimulant, anti-inflammatory

both internally and externally, antimicrobial used in common colds.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

Over 400 documented – Polyphenols, Sesquiterpene Lactones (lipophilic)

zingiberene, curcumene, sesquiphellandrene, bisabolene, monoterpenes,

amino acids, raw fiber, protein, phytosterols, vitamins (B3, vitamin A),

minerals (esp Calcium).

C L I N I C A L

U S E

Uses well supported by clinical data: prophylaxis of nausea/vomiting with

motion sickness, postoperative nausea, pernicious vomiting in pregnancy,

seasickness, promotes GI motility, reduces bloating, promotes secretion of

bile secretion & gastric fluids, inhibits platelet aggregation (caution if on

blood thinners). Vaso-dilator.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Flavor combines well in sweet/savory dishes, bakery items to soups/broths,

pickles, decoct for tea or blend/grate fresh juice.

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C H A M O M I L E

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N A M E S Matricaria recutita, Asteraceae, Chamomile, Manzanilla

PA RT S U S E D Flowering heads

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Carminative, Nervine, Bitter (distantly), Anti-spasmodic, Anti-

inflammatory, Anti-septic. Taste/temp/energy: sweet/bitter, slightly

warming, relaxing.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

Teas / infusions, extract, tincture; gentle sedative (relaxant, restorative),

anti-spasmodic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic,

antipyretic, antiseptic, anti-diarrheal, anti-emetic, carminative,

antimicrobial.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

Over 120 chemical compounds - sesquiterpenes incl. chamazulene, α-

bisabolol, flavonoids incl. apigenin, quercetin, rutin, coumarins.

C L I N I C A L

U S E

Excellent invitro evidence showing spec. compounds such as α-

bisabolol/chamazulene as antimicrobial. Well supported by human clinical

trial data: symptomatic treatment of GI ailments: dyspepsia, epigastric

bloating, impaired digestion, and flatulence. Treatment of

restlessness/mild insomnia due to nervous disorders.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Tea/infusion, add flowers to salads, baking, popsicles. Consider using fat

to capture lipophilic compounds.

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3 D E M U L C E N T S

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M A R S H M A L L O W

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N A M E S Althaea officinalis, Malvaceae, Marshmallow

PA RT S U S E D Root (rhizome), leaves also although less effective

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Demulcent, Nutritive, Gentle Laxative (more bulking), Diuretic (quite

distantly). Taste/temp/energy: sweet-ish, cooling, moistening.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

Inflammation - mucilaginous soluble fibers sooth mucus membranes, GI

tract, lungs (esp dry cough), kidneys, and overall nutrition.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

Root: polysaccharides & mucilage (soluble fibers)- galactomannan,

arabinans, pectins, glucans, and arabinogalactans. Flavonoids- kaempferol

and quercetin; caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, and syringic phenolic acids;

chlorophyll, and calcium. Also Coumarins & Tannins.

C L I N I C A L

U S E

Germany’s Commission E reported that it alleviates local irritation,

inhibits mucociliary activity, and stimulates phagocytosis: marshmallow

root and leaf are both licensed as standard medicinal teas. Good human

safety data, although minimal human clinical trials showing effect. As

with all fiber, may slow absorption of Rx.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Solubilizes only in water infusions – cold best although could stir into a

warm cereal or blend with smoothies. Slippery gel swells in water

Sweetish with bland taste.

Most mucilage is not broken down for absorption by digestive

system, but absorbs and promotes excretion from within

bowel and gives bulk to stool.

Major effects of mucilage-rich foods:

• Lower bowel transit time by absorbing water in the colon and creating

stool a bulking & softening effect

• Reduce absorbs of cholesterol

• Protect against gastric acidity

• Regulate intestinal flora and supports microbiome

• Relaxes and soothes via the endodermal lining of the gut

HUGE market – expected to surpass 5.5 Billion USD by 202438

Soluble fiber is well studied with establish positive health

impacts!

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5 N U T R I T I V E S

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N E T T L E ( S T I N G I N G )

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N A M E S Urtica dioica, Urticaceae, Stinging Nettle

PA RT S U S E D Leaves most commonly, also seeds and roots

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Nutritive (esp “blood builder”, Anti-inflammatory, Tonic, Astringent.

Taste/temp/energy: salty, cooling, drying.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

Arthritis, eczema, to incre, hypothyroid, weak hair/teeth/bones, fatigue,

build blood, seasonal allergies, urinary tract infections, asthma, menstrual

cramps.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

Leaves: chlorophyll, indoles (histamine & serotonin), acetylcholine,

flavonoids (quercetin, etc.), tannins, lignans, carotenoids, B vits & C,

minerals (esp Ca & Fe, K, Mg), protein, fiber.

C L I N I C A L

U S E

In vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative

bacteria and hypoglycemic effect. Human studies show anti-

inflammatory/analgesic effect, reduction in postoperative blood loss and

purulent inflammation following adenomectomy. Antioxidant activity

towards iron-promoted oxidation of phospholipids, linoleic acid and

deoxyribose.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Leaves are tastiest/most tender spring, rest of the year better cooked as

you may any leafy green, added to soup, frittata, meatballs, pesto. Tea as

infusion is most common method of ingestion if you can’t find fresh/wild.

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Rutto, et al. 2013

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/

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H I B I S C U S

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N A M E S Hibiscus sabdariffa, Malvaceae, Hibiscus, Roselle, Jamaica

PA RT S

U S E D

Calyx/sepal (base/below petals, forming a whorl that encloses the petals and

protect flower in bud). Seeds, leaves, fruits and roots – less common.

H E R B A L

A C T I O N

Nutritive, Demulcent, Diaphoretc. Anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, modulates

inflammation, lowering body temperature, hypotensive, cardiotonic.

Taste/temp/energy: Cooling, moistening, tangy/tart/sour, sweet-ish.

H I S TO R I C

U S E S

Foods and teas, colorant, medicine: break fever, hypercholesterolemia,

hypertension, antispasmodic and antimicrobial.

P H Y TO -

C H E M I C A L S

Sepals: polysaccharides (esp pectin), organic acids (citric acid, ascorbic acid,

maleic acid, hibsicic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid) and flavonoids

(anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-sambubioside & cyanidin-3-sambubioside –

strong hydrophilic antioxidants). The organic acids together with bioactive

components have free radical scavenging activity. Aqueous extraction works

for all sepal compounds. Other parts of plants = other compounds.

C L I N I C A L

U S E

Invitro studies demon. anti-ox, anti-flam, anti-microbial activity & attribute

exact compounds/mechanism. Less human studies - esp. antihypertensive

effect 2/2 angiotensin-converting enzyme, scientific basis for folk medicine’s

hypotensive observation. Animal study demo. anti-inflammatory effect of a

tea due to the inhibition of production of cytokine and COX2.

C U L I N A RY

N O T E S

Use sepals for tea, vinegar, popsicles, powder in baking. Pectin serves well

for jams, sauces, chutneys.

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D E C O R AT I V E , N U T R I T I V E F L O W E R S

Juliet Blankenspoor, 2019

• Anise hyssop

• Bee balm

• Borage

• Calendula

• Chamomile

• Chives

• Dandelion

• Daylily

• Dill

• Elder

• Fennel

• Flax

• Garlic chives

• Honeysuckle

• Johnny-jump-ups

• Lavender

• Mallow

• Nasturtium

• New England Aster

• Pansy

• Peppermint

• Pineapple guava

• Pineapple sage

• Purple basil

• Redbud

• Rose

• Rose of Sharon

• Rosemary

• Sage, garden

• Spearmint

• Squash

• Violet

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The importance of assessing the biological availability of nutritional and

functional food components cannot be underestimated. Bioavailability has

critical relevance to both the proportional digestion and uptake of nutrients

and functional food components, but also the degree of fermentation and

nature of the host-microbial co-metabolism in the colon. While there exists a

vast literature on the food content of microalgal and macroalgal foods and

supplements, extrapolating these findings to assess their quantitative

contribution to human health is more tenuous. -Wells et. al 2017

BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS:

APPLICATIONS

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PROTEIN

GRAINS

VEGETABLES

FRUIT

T H E F I V E F O O D G R O U P S ?

DAIRY

HERBS &

SPICES

FAT

“ F O O D ” P R E S C R I P T I O N ( ? )

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FOOD: first write out the food(s)

F: FREQUENCY of the food, beverage, or meal to be eaten

O: OBJECTIVE or goal = what it may do/support

O: OPTIONS how much, and different methods to prepare, serve,

shop for it, or grow it

D: DURATION = how many times per day, week, or month the

prescription should be consumed

• Simple to follow

• Patterned after Rx advice which people are accustomed

Hibiscus mint & raspberry popsicles.

Have 1 popsicle 4 oz each (recipe

provided) on hot summer days.

Recipe is cooling, calming, sugar

free. Try different fruits to suit your

choice!

Continue throughout summer or on

hot days.

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R E C I P E S

Organized by?

• Medical condition

• Botanical properties

• Nutritional problem or condition

• Culinary best fit and action

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1. Begin: Stimulate Appetite & Digestion

2. All Four Sides: Two Cool & Two Warm, for all Seasons

3. Mains: Vegetarian or Omnivore

4. Refreshments: Restorative, Reviving & Soothing

5. Finishing: Carminative or Sweet: Closing the Meal

6. Culinary Herbal Liquids & Extras: Broth(s), Oil, Vinegar, Honey, Sprinkles & Finishing Salt

NOTE OF CAUTION &

BENEFIT FOR PATIENTS & RDS

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U S I N G H E R B S S A F E LY

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Choose the best quality you can

find/access

The rule of “WHOLE” Know/research herb-drug interactions

Potential side-effects and toxicity

Allergies? Research plant relatives/botany

and titrate

C A U T I O N

• Know exact species, check references, use culinarily to

strengthen/optimize, not as “medicine” to directly treat.

– Culinary use safe >5 yrs.

• GRAS, German Commission E, British Pharmacopeia, WHO

Monographs

• Law is sparse: DSHEA (FDA) and Ca Prop 65

• Use common sense

– Very little regulation or quality testing / adulteration and

misrepresentation is a troubling and prolific part of this industry

– Stick to organic and single item herbs rather than mixtures

– Choose vendors with strict quality testing for identity, microbiological,

chemical, heavy metals

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D E B AT E

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SKEPTICISM INSPIRATION

Ethnobotany

Prevention

You are a RD

Elitist

Dangerous

Pseudoscience

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CLINICAL

AMORPHOUS

W H Y ?

b e n e f i t s t o p a t i e n t s & R D s

Biodiversity,

Resilience

REJUVENATE

PUR I F Y

O PT IM IZE

PLANTS →

ENVIRONMENT /

HUMAN HEALTH

RAPPORT

ENGAGEEDUCATE

NUTRTITION

COUNSELING

R E S O U R C E S

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B O O K S

• Alchemy of Herbs - Rosalee de la Foret

• Botanical Medicine – Dr. Marisa Marciano & Dr. Nikita Vizniak

• Foraging California: Finding, Identifying, And Preparing Edible Wild Foods In California - Christopher Nyerges

• Guide to Medicinal Herbs - Drs. Tieraona Low Dog, David Kiefer, Andrew Weil, Rebecca Johnson and Steven Foster

• Healing with Medicinal Plants of the West: Cultural and Scientific Basis for Their Use - Cecilia Garcia and James D. Adams Jr.

• Medical Herbalism – David Hoffman

• Modern Herbal Dispensatory - Thomas Easley & Steven Horne

• Naturally Healthy Babies and Children - Dr. Aviva Romm

• Stalking the Healthful Herbs – Euell Gibbons

• The Herbal Kitchen – Kami McBride

• The Herbal Kitchen – Jerry Traunfeld

• The Way of Herbs / The Way of Ayurvedic Herbs – Michael Tierra

• Vegetable Literacy – Deborah Madison

P R O D U C T

• Your garden, your local farmer’s market, your grocery store

• Mountain Rose Herbs

• Starwest Botanicals

R E S O U R C E S

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O N L I N E : R E F E R E N C E / A S S O C I AT I O N S / E D U C AT I O N

• About Herbs app / Memorial Sloane Kettering – EBP, professional/consumer edu

• American Botanical Council – Professional referral & association

• American Herbalists Guild – Professional referral & association

• Chesnut School of Herbal Medicine - Professional / Consumer education

• Consumer Lab – Consumer education

• DSHEA (Law) – Federal regulations & lack of…

• East West School of Herbology - Professional / Consumer education

• Environmental Working Group – Consumer education

• Herb Walks with Lanny Kaufer (collection of local events from different sources) – Consumer education

• LactMed (NIH) – Professional resource re: herbs/meds/breastfeeding

• Linus Pauling Institute’s Micronutrient Information Center - Professional education

• National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine - EBP

• Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database – Professional education

• NSF Certification – Consumer education

• Ojai Herbal Symposium – Professional / Consumer education

• Up to Date - EBP

• Venice Family Clinic & Simms/Mann Health and Wellness Center, or other physician led integrative medicine practice – Professional referrals

• WHO Herbal Monograms - Professional resource

A RT I C L E S

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