05/01/2023 1By - Mr. H.J.Ahire

FUNDAMENTALS & TYPES OF MECHANISM

Theory Of Machine

Prof. H.J.AHIREBE. Mtech M/C Design

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Mechanics

Dynamics

Kinetics Kinematics

Statics

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Theory Of Machine

• The Machine receives energy in some available form and uses it to do some particular type of work

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STATICS• It deals with the study the forces acting on

machine in rest.

DYNAMICS• It deals with the study the forces acting on

various parts of a machine

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KINEMATICS• It is the study of motion, quite apart from the

forces which produce that motion.• It is the study of position, displacement,

rotation, speed, velocity and acceleration.

KINETICS• It is the study of inertia force which arries due

to combined effect

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STRUCTURE• It is defined as the combination of rigid or

resistance bodies assembled they having no relative motion in between them and transmit only forces

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MECHANISM An assembly of moving parts performing a complete

functional motion. A mechanism is a device designed to transform input

forces and movement into a desired set of output forces and movement.

Mechanisms generally consist of moving components such as gears and gear trains, belt and chain drives, cam and follower mechanisms, and linkages as well as friction devices such as brakes and clutches, and structural components such as the frame, fasteners, bearings, springs, lubricants and seals, as well as a variety of specialized machine elements such as splines, pins and keys.

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MACHINE• It is defined as a device which receives energy

and transforms it into some useful work.• If the mechanism is used to transmit power

(or) to do work, then it is known as machine.• We can define machine as a device for

transferring and transforming motion and force or power from the input that is, the source to the output that is the load

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KINEMATIC LINK

• It is a resistant body or assembly of resistant body of a machine connecting other parts of the machine with relative motion between them.

• There are three types of links available in order to transmit motion. They are as follows:

»Rigid link» Flexible link» Fluid link

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TYPES KINEMATIC LINKRigid linkA rigid link is one which does not undergo any deformation while transmitting motion. Practically rigid link does not exists. Ex : crank shaft, piston etc.,Flexible linkA flexible link is one which undergoes partial deformation without affecting the transfer motion. Ex : ropes, belts, chains, springs etc.,Fluid linkA fluid link is a link which has fluid inside the container and motion is transmitted through the fluid by pressure or compression. Ex: fluids used in hydraulic press, hydraulic jack, hydraulic crane etc.,

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KINEMATIC PAIR

• A joint of two links that permits relative motion is called pair.

Types of kinematic pair1. Nature of relative motion between the links.2. Nature of contact between the links.3. Nature of mechanical arrangement.

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TYPES OF KINEMATIC PAIRNature of relative motion

» Sliding pair» Turning pair» Cylindrical pair» Rolling pair» Spherical pair» Helical pair

Nature of contact» Lower pair» Higher pair

Nature of mechanical constraint» Closed pair» Unclosed pair

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Sliding pair

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Turning pair

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Cylindrical pair

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Rolling pair

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Spherical pair

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Helical pair or screw pair

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Lower pair

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Higher pair

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NATURE OF CONTACT

Closed pair• When two elements of a pair are held together

mechanically, they constitute a closed pair. Ex : All pair

Un closed pair• When two elements of a pair are not held

together mechanically, they constitute a unclosed pair.

Ex : cam and follower

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KINEMATIC CHAIN

• If the last link is joined to first link to transmit definite motion, then it is known as kinematic chain.

• To determine the given assemblage of links form the kinematic chain or not:• The two equations are:l = 2p – 4j = (3/2) * l – 2Where, l = number of linksp = number of pairsj = number of joints

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CONSTRAINED MOTIONS

Constrained Motions

Completely Constrained Motion

Uncompletely Constrained Motion

Successfully Constrained Motion

• Completely Constrained Motion

• Successfully Unconstrained Pair Constrained Pair

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INVERSION OF MECHANISM

The method of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links in a kinematic chain, is known as inversion of the mechanism.

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TYPES OF KINEMATIC CHAIN

Kinematic chain

Four bar chain Slider crank chain

Double crank chain

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FOUR BAR CHAIN

Inversion Of Four

Bar Chain

Beam Engine

Coupled Locomotive Wheels

Watt’s Indicator Mechanis

m

Pantograph

Ackermann

Mechanism

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INVERSION OF FOUR BAR CHAINFirst inversion

Beam Engine

second Inversion

Coupling rod of locomotive

Third Inversion

Watt’s Indicator Mechanism

Pantograph

Ackermann Steering

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SECOND INVERSIONBeam engine

BEAM Engine Crank & Lever Mechanism.mp4

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SECOND INVERSION

Coupling rod of a locomotive

COUPLING ROD OF LOCOMOTIVE MECHANISM.mp4

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SECOND INVERSION

Watt’s indicator mechanism

How Watts Straight Line motion mechanism works.mp4

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SECOND INVERSION

Pantograph

pentograph working.mp4

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INVERSION OF SLIDER CRANK CHAIN

Sing

le sl

ider

cra

nk

chai

n

Reciprocating engine

Reciprocating compressor

Whitworth quick return mechanismRotary or Gnome

engineCrank and slotted lever mechanism

Oscillating cylinder engine

Bull engine

Pump engine

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First Inversion

Reciprocating engine

Second Inversion

Whitworth quick return mechanism

Rotary engine

Third Inversion

Oscillating cylinder engine

Crank and slotted lever mechanism

Fourth Inversion

Bull Engine

Hand Pump

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FIRST INVERSION

• Reciprocating engine

Animation Of Single Slider Crank Mechanism.mp4

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SECOND INVERSION

• Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism

How Whitworth Quick Return motion mechanism works.mp4

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SECOND INVERSION

• Rotary Engine

Introducing MechaniCards Mechanical Greeting Cards.mp4

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THIRD INVERSION

• Oscillating Cylinder Engine

Oscillating Cylinder engine mechanism.mp4

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• Crank and Slotted lever Quick return MechanismTHIRD INVERSION

How Crank and Slotted lever Quick Return Motion mechanism works.mp4

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FOURTH INVERSION

• Pendulum pump or bull engine

PENDULUM PUMP MECHANISM.mp4

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Double Slider Crank Chain

Elliptical Trammel

Scotch Yoke Mechanism

Oldham Coupling

DOUBLE SLIDER CRANK CHAIN

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FIRST INVERSION

Elliptical Trammel

Slider Crank Mechanism.mp4Elliptical Trammel mechanism in CATIA!!!!!.mp4

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SECOND INVERSION

Scotch Yoke Mechanism

Scotch yoke Mechanism.mp4Double slider crank chain.mp4

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THIRD INVERSION

Oldham's Coupling

OLDHAMS COUPLING ANIMATION.mp4

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• Oldham's Coupling

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COMMON MECHANISM COMMON MECHANISM

Geneva Mechanism

Ackermann Steering Mechanism

Bicycle rear wheel sprocket mechanism

Foot operated air pump mechanism

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GENEVA MECHANISM

Geneva Mechanism.mp4 Geneva Pair - Geneva mechanism - Geneva drive - Malteserkreuzgetriebe.mp4

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Application of the Geneva drive• One is movie projectors : the film does not run

continuously through the projector. Instead, the film is advanced frame by frame, each frame standing still in front of the lens for 1/24 of a second

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ACKERMAN STEERINGACKERMANN STEERING

LJMU 2009 Formula Student Car Steering 100% Ackerman Geometry.mp4

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ACKERMAN STEERING

Ackerman's steering mechanism.3gp.mp4

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BICYCLE REAR WHEEL SPROCKET MECHANISM

Ratchet mechanism 5.mp4

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FOOT OPERATED AIR PUMP MECHANISM

Foot Pump Animation.mp4 Status report - Harbor Freight foot pump - Item 37544.mp4