Theorist research
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Transcript of Theorist research
The Hermeneutic code (HER)
The Proairetic Code (ACT)
The Semantic Code (SEM)
The Symbolic Code (SYM)The Cultural Code (REF)
Roland Barthes - 5 Codes
The Semantic Code (SEM)The Semantic code refers to connotation within
the story that gives additional meaning over the basic denotative meaning of the word.
The Hermeneutic code (HER)
The Hermeneutic Code refers to any element of the story that is not fully explained and hence
becomes a mystery to the reader.
The Cultural Code (REF)
The Cultural code refers to anything that is founded on some kind of canonical works that cannot be challenged and is assumed to be a
foundation for truth.
The Proairetic Code (ACT)
The Proairetic Code builds tension, referring to any other action or event that indicates
something else is going to happen which gets the reader guessing to what will happen next.
The Symbolic Code (SYM)
The Symbolic code is very similar to the Semantic Code, but acts at a wider level,
organizing semantic meanings into broader and deeper sets of meaning.
Tzvetan Todorov
Tzvetan Todorov is a philosopher and cultural critic and the author of over 20 books.
Tzvetan Todorov’s believed that there are five stages to narrative structure:• A state of Equilibrium. (All as is if it should be)• A disruption to that order (by an event)• A recognition that the disorder has occurred.• An attempt to repair the damage.• A return or restoration to start a NEW equilibrium.
Vladimir Propp
Vladimir Propp analysed a whole series of Russian folk tales in the 1920s.
Vladimir Propp’s theory was formed in the early twentieth Century. He studies Russian fairytales and discovered that in stories there were always 8 types of characters evident.• The hero, • The villain, • The donor, • The dispatcher, • The false hero, • The helper, • The princess and her father.
Propp's Narrative Functions (31)1. A member of a family leaves home2. An interdiction is addressed to the hero3. The hero ignores the interdiction 4. The villain appears
5. The villain gains information about the victim
6. The villain attempts to deceive the victim to take possession of victim or victim's belongings
7. The victim is fooled by the villain, unwittingly helps the enemy
8. Villain causes harm/injury to family/tribe member9. Misfortune or lack is made known10. Seeker agrees to, or decides upon counter-action 11. Hero leaves home12. Hero is tested, interrogated, attacked etc, preparing the way for his/her receiving magical agent or helper13. Hero reacts to actions of future donor
14. Hero acquires use of a magical agent15. Hero is transferred, delivered or led to whereabouts of an object of the search16. Hero and villain join in direct combat
18. Villain is defeated
19. Initial misfortune or lack is resolved
20. Hero returns
21. Hero is pursued
22. Hero is rescued from pursuit
23. Hero unrecognised, arrives home or in another country
24. False hero presents unfounded claims
25. Difficult task proposed to the hero
26. Task is resolved
27. Hero is recognised
28. False hero or villain is exposed
29. Hero is given a new appearance
30. Villain is punished
31.Hero marries and ascends the throne
Claude Levi-Strauss
laude Lévi-Strauss was born in Belgium on 28 November 1908 to French parents.
He undertook a law degree at the University of Paris.
Levi-Straus believed that the individual narrative structure could be grasped as the imaginary resolution to real contradiction.
