Theories of Deviance. Cultural Transmission Sociologist: Edwin Sutherland.
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Transcript of Theories of Deviance. Cultural Transmission Sociologist: Edwin Sutherland.
Theories of
Deviance
Cultural Transmission
•Sociologist:Edwin
Sutherland
Cultural Transmission
•Deviance is learned, mainly from other deviants
Cultural Transmission
•The more time one spends around deviant people, the more likely they are to become deviant
Cultural Transmission
• “differential association” -- the amount of time one spends around deviants
Structural Strain
•Sociologist:Robert K. Merton
Emile Durkeim
Structural Strain
•Every society has culturally defined “legitimate” goals
Structural Strain
•Every society has culturally defined “legitimate” means of achieving goals
Structural Strain
•Society places a high value on the goals, but some people lack access to the means (thus the strain)
Structural Strain
•Responses to this vary...
Structural Strain
Conformity + +Innovation - +Ritualism + -Retreatism - -Rebellion +/- +/-
Means Goals
Control Theory
•Sociologist: Travis Hirschi
Emile Durkheim
Control Theory
•Deviance is a natural occurrence
Control Theory
•Conformity is the result of social control
Control Theory
•The social bond:–Attachment
–Commitment
–Involvement
Control Theory
•Summary -- people with strong social bonds will be less likely to commit deviance, and vice versa
Conflict Theory•Karl Marx
Conflict Theory
•Competition and social inequality lead to deviance
Conflict Theory
•The “Haves” commit deviance to maintain their power and to alleviate boredom
Conflict Theory
•The “Have-nots” commit deviance to obtain power and due to low self-esteem
Labeling Theory•Sociologists: Edwin Lemert
& Howard Becker
Labeling Theory•Differentiation
–appearance–cultural–being caught and labeled “deviant”
Labeling Theory•Primary deviance: minor deviance that everyone commits that does not result in being labeled
Labeling Theory•Secondary deviance: deviance that results in being caught and labeled “deviant”
Labeling Theory•“Career Deviance” -- “deviant” or some deviant label becomes one’s master status
Labeling Theory•Summary:
–Everyone commits some acts of deviance
Labeling Theory•Summary:
–Once one is caught and labeled, their life changes, other opportunities are lost