Theme 2: Regional Ocean Influences
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Transcript of Theme 2: Regional Ocean Influences
Theme 2: Regional Ocean Influences
Western boundary currents
Marginal seas and exchanges with open ocean
Atmosphere/Ocean interaction: impact on local and far field climate
Equatorial connection between Pacific and Indian Oceans
The WEP is the “hatchery” for ENSO
Scale interactions
Representation of regional processes in global models
Sea of Okhotsk
Yaremchuk, Mitsudera (Hokkaido),
South China Sea and Throughflow
Qu, Yaremchuk, YuExchange through Luzon Strait
Yarumchuk, Qu, Yu
SE Indian Ocean heat budget and mixed layer
Qu, Masumoto(UT), Sasaki (ES)
Outflow of ITF
Yu, Potemra
ITF and its relation to variability of Indian and Pacific Oceans
McCreary, Potemra and Schneider
Western equatorial Pacific and LLWBCs
Richards, Qu, Natarov, Kashino (J), Sasaki (ES)
Regional studies
Indian Ocean: Tracer transport, freshwater constraints, O2 min
Jensen, Yaremchuk, Yu, Aiki, et al
Banda Sea
Kida
LCS: Δd, n = 1 mode
Circulation induced by throughflow
McCreary, Miyama (FRCGC), et al
Circulation induced by throughflow
There is a westward and equatorward surface (eastward
and poleward subsurface) geostrophic flow across PO interior
There is anomalous upwelling caused by the ITF in the Pacific
wherever Δd is negative.
The general structure of circulation, upwelling and downwelling is a robust
feature, but details of are strongly dependent on the imposed mixing.
McCreary, Miyama (FRCGC), et al
Details of the exchange (pathways, vertical structure, mixing) depend on geometry and wind forcing.
Water entering the South China Sea through Luzon Strait is lower in temperature and higher in salinity (blue) than water leaving it through Karimata, Mindoro, and Taiwan Strait (red).
South China Sea throughflow and its impact on the Indonesian throughflow
1. The SCSTF is a heat and freshwater conveyor, transferring up to 0.1-0.2 PW of heat and 0.1 Sv of freshwater from the SCS into the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean.
2. The SCSTF impacts the SCS heat content. In response, the SCS acts as a heat capacitor, storing heat in certain years and releasing it in others.
3. The SCSTF impacts the Indonesian throughflow. In response, the ITF heat transport is significantly (by up to 47%) reduced.
Thus, the SCS is likely to play an active role in climate variability.
1/60 deg. topography (GEBCO) 1/10 deg. OfES model topography
Retrieving the South China Sea throughflow from T/S climatologies
NPTW maximum
OfES 0.1deg model
WOA climatology
Karimata transport: 1.5-3 times less than diagnosed by direct simulations
Topography in Karimata St.T/S in South China Sea
October 1999 October 2002
NECC
Analysis of OFES
Varying currents in the Western Equatorial Pacific
1994 2004Eq
10 N
Zonal current along 138 E
Sep 2001
June 2004
OFES Obs (Kashino)
0
400Eq 10N
El Niño
La Niña
CCSMOFES
Lateral mixing: interleaving
U Salinity
V TracerModel
Kashino
Natarov and Richards (2007)
Use of regional models to study ocean/atmosphere couplings
Analysis of OFES, CFES, SINTEX-F experiments
Use of TAO/TRITON, Argo, Satellite data
Participation in R/V Mirai cruise to study mixing in the thermocline
Use of Earth Simulator for mixing experiments
Major field programs: NPOCE, PACWIN, SPICE
Western equatorial Pacific: future activities
3yr average near surface currents from 1/10 degree POP
NEC
NECC
SEC
SECC
NGCC
MC
SEC
SPICE
Marine Ecosystem
Chlorophyll (phytoplankton)
Krill
Tuna
IPRC Activities on the Marine Ecosystem
Impact of stirring and mixing (Richards)
Biofeedback on SST (Timmermann)
SST ΔSST caused by bio
Phytoplankton
2oC
Use of regional models (e.g. iROAM) with imbedded ecosystem model
Biofeedbacks Eastern Tropical Pacific Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone
Future ecosystem modeling work